主(zhu)要保護對(dui)象為紅(hong)樹林濕地(di)、獼猴、鳥(niao)類及(ji)海島(dao)生(sheng)態(tai)環境,是研究濕地(di)生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統、候鳥(niao)以及(ji)獼猴原生(sheng)地(di)和發展史(shi)的重要基地(di)。
淇澳(ao)紅(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)林(lin)保護區內擁(yong)有(you)維(wei)管植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)165科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)470屬(shu)(shu)695種(zhong)(野(ye)生植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)140科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)398屬(shu)(shu)556種(zhong),栽培植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)65科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)106屬(shu)(shu)139種(zhong))。在(zai)野(ye)生維(wei)管植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)(zhong)蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)19科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)28屬(shu)(shu)39種(zhong);裸子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)3科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)3屬(shu)(shu)4種(zhong),被(bei)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)118科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)367屬(shu)(shu)513種(zhong)。其中(zhong)(zhong)紅(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)達10科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)13屬(shu)(shu)15種(zhong),分(fen)(fen)別(bie)占中(zhong)(zhong)國現(xian)有(you)紅(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、屬(shu)(shu)、種(zhong)的(de)83.3%、86.7%和55.6%;半紅(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)達7科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)9屬(shu)(shu)9種(zhong),分(fen)(fen)別(bie)占中(zhong)(zhong)國現(xian)有(you)半紅(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、屬(shu)(shu)、種(zhong)的(de)77.8%、90%和90%;紅(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)林(lin)伴(ban)生植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)為11科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)15屬(shu)(shu)15種(zhong),分(fen)(fen)別(bie)占中(zhong)(zhong)國紅(hong)(hong)樹(shu)(shu)林(lin)伴(ban)生植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、屬(shu)(shu)、種(zhong)的(de)73.3%、71.4%和68.2%。
擔桿(gan)島獼猴保(bao)護區內(nei)擁有(you)維管(guan)植(zhi)物(wu)438種(zhong)(含9變種(zhong)),分(fen)(fen)隸(li)320屬(shu)123科(ke)。其(qi)中蕨(jue)類植(zhi)物(wu)22種(zhong),分(fen)(fen)隸(li)18屬(shu)17科(ke);裸子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)7種(zhong),分(fen)(fen)隸(li)5屬(shu)5科(ke);雙子(zi)葉植(zhi)物(wu)342種(zhong)8變種(zhong),分(fen)(fen)隸(li)250屬(shu)86科(ke);單子(zi)葉植(zhi)物(wu)58種(zhong)1變種(zhong),分(fen)(fen)隸(li)47屬(shu)15科(ke)。屬(shu)國(guo)家3級重點(dian)保(bao)護植(zhi)物(wu)有(you)土(tu)沉香、吊皮錐和白桂木(mu)三種(zhong)。
淇(qi)澳島:區內(nei)擁有底棲動(dong)(dong)物(wu)103種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸屬5綱,14目48科;魚(yu)類90種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸屬10目,41科;陸生脊椎(zhui)野生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)154種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(含兩棲動(dong)(dong)物(wu)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),爬行動(dong)(dong)物(wu)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鳥(niao)類99種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),哺乳動(dong)(dong)物(wu)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))隸屬25目,58科。屬國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點保(bao)護動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(珍稀瀕(bin)危(wei)動(dong)(dong)物(wu))15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)廣東省珍稀瀕(bin)危(wei)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)總數(117種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))的12.8%,其中國(guo)家(jia)一級重(zhong)點保(bao)護動(dong)(dong)物(wu)有1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),二(er)級重(zhong)點保(bao)護動(dong)(dong)物(wu)14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
擔桿島:區內擁有野生動物(wu)85種(zhong),分隸34科(ke)、19目。其中(zhong)獸類(lei)(lei)10種(zhong);鳥類(lei)(lei)60種(zhong);爬行(xing)類(lei)(lei)10種(zhong);兩棲類(lei)(lei)5種(zhong)。屬國家(jia)1級重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護動物(wu)有蟒(mang)蛇1種(zhong);國家(jia)2級保(bao)護動物(wu)獼猴、穿山甲、松雀鷹(ying)、雀鷹(ying)、鳶、褐翅鴉(ya)鵑(juan)、長耳鸮和虎紋蛙等9種(zhong)。
淇(qi)澳島(dao)(dao)紅樹林自然保護區,位于廣東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)珠(zhu)海(hai)市淇(qi)澳島(dao)(dao)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部,地理位置居(ju)于東(dong)(dong)經113°36′40〞~113°39′15〞,北(bei)(bei)(bei)緯22°23′40〞~22°27′38〞之間,東(dong)(dong)南、西(xi)(xi)南與(yu)該島(dao)(dao)大澳圍、東(dong)(dong)涌(yong)、西(xi)(xi)涌(yong)、石井灣(wan)接壤,西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)及東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)與(yu)中(zhong)山、深圳、香(xiang)港隔海(hai)相望(wang),總面(mian)積5103.77公頃。
擔(dan)(dan)桿島自然保護(hu)區,位于珠(zhu)江入海中,北距(ju)香港、深(shen)圳分(fen)別為20km和(he)78km,西北距(ju)澳門(men)、珠(zhu)海分(fen)別為72km和(he)74km。地理位置在東經114°07′~114°19′,北緯(wei)21°58′~22°04′。包括(kuo)擔(dan)(dan)桿島、二洲島,總面積2270公頃。
1989年11月,廣東省人民政府批準建立擔桿島獼猴省級(ji)自然保護(hu)區(qu)。
1990年6月,成立珠海市擔桿島獼猴保護區管(guan)(guan)理站,由市綠化(hua)委(wei)員會管(guan)(guan)理。
2000年(nian)4月,珠(zhu)海(hai)市人民(min)政府批準(zhun)成立“淇(qi)澳紅樹(shu)林保護區(qu)”,由淇(qi)澳管(guan)理區(qu)管(guan)理。
2002年2月,市林業(ye)局正式接(jie)管(guan)淇澳紅樹林保護區(qu),擔桿島省(sheng)級(ji)自(zi)然保護區(qu)由市野生(sheng)動植(zhi)物保護管(guan)理(li)站(zhan)(zhan)接(jie)管(guan),盧海洋站(zhan)(zhan)長兼管(guan)全面工作。
2004年11月,廣東省人民政(zheng)府批準同意將淇澳島自然保(bao)護(hu)區和(he)擔桿島省級自然保(bao)護(hu)區合并,建(jian)立“珠海淇澳—擔桿島省級自然保(bao)護(hu)區”。
2006年(nian)1月,珠海淇(qi)澳—擔桿島省(sheng)級自然保護區管理處籌建正式完成,并(bing)獨立辦公。
珠海淇澳(ao)—擔桿島省級自然保(bao)護區(qu)與(yu)中國林(lin)科(ke)(ke)院熱帶林(lin)業研究所(suo)合(he)作申(shen)報的國家科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)部農業科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)成果轉化資金(jin)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)《紅(hong)樹林(lin)濕(shi)地植被快速(su)恢復技(ji)(ji)術應用示范》和國家“十一五”科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)攻(gong)關項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)專項(xiang)(xiang)《華南沿海紅(hong)樹林(lin)保(bao)護與(yu)恢復重建技(ji)(ji)術試驗示范》最近(jin)已(yi)獲(huo)得國家科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)部批(pi)準(zhun),項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)即將在淇澳(ao)島紅(hong)樹林(lin)保(bao)護區(qu)全面展開(kai)。