紫(zi)(zi)式(shi)(shi)部(約(yue)973年(nian)-?),日本平安時代女作家(jia),中(zhong)古三(san)十六歌仙之(zhi)一。本姓藤(teng)(teng)原(yuan)(yuan),字不詳,式(shi)(shi)部是她在宮廷服務(wu)期間的稱呼(hu),因其(qi)(qi)兄曾任式(shi)(shi)部丞(cheng),當時宮中(zhong)女官多以父(fu)兄之(zhi)官銜為(wei)(wei)名(ming),故稱為(wei)(wei)藤(teng)(teng)式(shi)(shi)部。后來她寫成《源(yuan)氏(shi)物(wu)語(yu)》,書中(zhong)女主人公(gong)紫(zi)(zi)姬為(wei)(wei)世人傳誦(song),遂(sui)又稱作紫(zi)(zi)式(shi)(shi)部。一般認為(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)名(ming)不可考(kao),亦有(you)人認為(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)本名(ming)為(wei)(wei)藤(teng)(teng)原(yuan)(yuan)香(xiang)子或藤(teng)(teng)原(yuan)(yuan)則子。主要作品(pin)有(you)長篇(pian)小(xiao)說《源(yuan)氏(shi)物(wu)語(yu)》,作品(pin)描寫人物(wu)心理細(xi)膩(ni),文字典雅,情節(jie)曲折,被認為(wei)(wei)是世界(jie)最早的長篇(pian)小(xiao)說,對往后日本文學之(zhi)影響極大。另著(zhu)《紫(zi)(zi)式(shi)(shi)部日記》,成書于公(gong)元1010年(nian)秋(qiu)。她出身于貴族文人世家(jia),幼時從父(fu)學習漢學,通曉音律(lv)和佛(fo)典。父(fu)兄都擅(shan)長漢詩、和歌。1004年(nian)4月,紫(zi)(zi)式(shi)(shi)部喪夫寡居,同年(nian)秋(qiu)開始創(chuang)作《源(yuan)氏(shi)物(wu)語(yu)》。36歲(sui)那年(nian)冬天(tian),紫(zi)(zi)式(shi)(shi)部受召入宮侍奉一條天(tian)皇的中(zhong)宮藤(teng)(teng)原(yuan)(yuan)彰(zhang)子。"