張(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)的《草(cao)書(shu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)經(jing)》最早見于(yu)《碑(bei)(bei)刻(ke)拔萃》,其《唐草(cao)心(xin)(xin)(xin)經(jing)》碑(bei)(bei)目下寫明(ming)張(zhang)旭(xu)(xu),此(ci)前碑(bei)(bei)林(lin)中(zhong)有(you)明(ming)成化年間知(zhi)府孫(sun)仁從百塔寺移來的《草(cao)書(shu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)經(jing)》,《關(guan)中(zhong)金石文(wen)字(zi)存逸(yi)考》對這(zhe)兩種草(cao)書(shu)“心(xin)(xin)(xin)經(jing)”都錄,其“心(xin)(xin)(xin)經(jing)、肚痛(tong)帖(tie)、千文(wen)斷碑(bei)(bei)”條下注“均張(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)草(cao)書(shu),無年月”,并稱“右三(san)石均在西(xi)安碑(bei)(bei)林(lin)”。張(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)的《草(cao)書(shu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)經(jing)》最晚見于(yu)民(min)國三(san)年(1914年)《碑(bei)(bei)林(lin)碑(bei)(bei)目表》,但此(ci)后便(bian)下落不明(ming)了。
觀自在菩薩(sa),行深般(ban)若波(bo)羅(luo)蜜多(duo)時,照見(jian)五蘊皆空,度一切苦厄。舍利子,色(se)不(bu)(bu)異(yi)空,空不(bu)(bu)異(yi)色(se),色(se)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空,空即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se),受想行識,亦復如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。舍利子,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)諸法(fa)(fa)空相,不(bu)(bu)生不(bu)(bu)滅,不(bu)(bu)垢不(bu)(bu)凈(jing),不(bu)(bu)增不(bu)(bu)減。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)空中(zhong)無(wu)色(se),無(wu)受想行識,無(wu)眼耳鼻舌身(shen)意(yi),無(wu)色(se)聲香味觸法(fa)(fa),無(wu)眼界,乃至無(wu)意(yi)識界,無(wu)無(wu)明(ming)(ming),亦無(wu)無(wu)明(ming)(ming)盡(jin)(jin),乃至無(wu)老死,亦無(wu)老死盡(jin)(jin)。無(wu)苦集滅道,無(wu)智亦無(wu)得。以無(wu)所(suo)得故(gu)。菩提薩(sa)埵,依般(ban)若波(bo)羅(luo)蜜多(duo)故(gu),心無(wu)掛礙(ai)。無(wu)掛礙(ai)故(gu),無(wu)有恐怖(bu),遠離顛倒(dao)夢想,究竟涅盤。三世諸佛,依般(ban)若波(bo)羅(luo)蜜多(duo)故(gu),得阿耨多(duo)羅(luo)三藐(miao)三菩提。故(gu)知般(ban)若波(bo)羅(luo)蜜多(duo),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大神咒(zhou),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大明(ming)(ming)咒(zhou),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)上咒(zhou),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)等等咒(zhou),能除一切苦,真(zhen)實不(bu)(bu)虛。故(gu)說(shuo)(shuo)般(ban)若波(bo)羅(luo)蜜多(duo)咒(zhou),即說(shuo)(shuo)咒(zhou)曰(yue):揭諦(di)(di)揭諦(di)(di),波(bo)羅(luo)揭諦(di)(di),波(bo)羅(luo)僧(seng)揭諦(di)(di),菩提薩(sa)婆(po)訶。
凡(fan)人(ren)要度苦厄,了(le)(le)生死,成(cheng)大覺,非從自心(xin)下手不(bu)可(ke)。但要明白(bai)(bai)自心(xin),只依這二百(bai)六十個字(zi),已經(jing)夠了(le)(le)。但空的道(dao)理不(bu)明白(bai)(bai),自心(xin)的相貌也難(nan)徹了(le)(le)。這個經(jing),最主要是(shi)說性(xing)空的道(dao)理,不(bu)是(shi)世(shi)人(ren)所說的空,那是(shi)斷滅空,他們誤(wu)解(jie)(jie)佛法(fa)是(shi)消極自了(le)(le)的。今把此(ci)經(jing)判分七段,用(yong)白(bai)(bai)話來逐(zhu)字(zi)逐(zhu)句解(jie)(jie)釋,使世(shi)人(ren)明白(bai)(bai)空的真義,不(bu)至誤(wu)會造業(ye)。由此(ci)斷一切苦厄,并可(ke)發(fa)大悲平等(deng)心(xin)救世(shi),證(zheng)明佛法(fa)在社(she)會上的大用(yong),實是(shi)開發(fa)世(shi)界(jie)大同唯一的法(fa)寶(bao)。
【般(ban)(ban)若】這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)梵文,我國名為(wei)大(da)(da)智(zhi)慧。因為(wei)中國文字(zi)(zi)難盡(jin)(jin)其(qi)義(yi)(yi),所以仍(reng)用(yong)原文,并且尊重(zhong)這(zhe)(zhe)幾個字(zi)(zi),所以不(bu)(bu)譯。這(zhe)(zhe)個般(ban)(ban)若,全是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說心(xin)(xin)的(de)妙用(yong)。上自佛(fo),下(xia)至眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),無(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)由此而成(cheng)(cheng)佛(fo)道(dao),了(le)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si),度苦厄。論(lun)(lun)其(qi)性體,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)滅的(de)金剛;論(lun)(lun)其(qi)相貌,卻(que)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)形無(wu)(wu)狀(zhuang)的(de)實(shi)相;論(lun)(lun)其(qi)妙用(yong),乃是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)可測知的(de)圓通神(shen)妙。這(zhe)(zhe)個般(ban)(ban)若,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人人有分的(de),佛(fo)和眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)等的(de);不(bu)(bu)過(guo)佛(fo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開了(le)般(ban)(ban)若慧,眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有而不(bu)(bu)開,被無(wu)(wu)明所蒙住(zhu)了(le)。至于般(ban)(ban)若兩個字(zi)(zi),解釋卻(que)有許(xu)多字(zi)(zi),當云“通達世(shi)(shi)(shi)間法(fa)出世(shi)(shi)(shi)間法(fa),融通無(wu)(wu)礙,恰到(dao)好(hao)處,而又不(bu)(bu)執取(qu)諸法(fa)的(de)大(da)(da)智(zhi)慧。”才(cai)能(neng)盡(jin)(jin)其(qi)義(yi)(yi)。因為(wei)世(shi)(shi)(shi)間法(fa)人事等等,都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佛(fo)法(fa)。佛(fo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)覺義(yi)(yi),能(neng)覺悟(wu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)上一切(qie)人情(qing)世(shi)(shi)(shi)故。盡(jin)(jin)了(le)人道(dao),才(cai)可成(cheng)(cheng)佛(fo)。總之,入世(shi)(shi)(shi)出世(shi)(shi)(shi),只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一心(xin)(xin),顛倒煩惱,貪嗔癡(chi)迷(mi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六道(dao)眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)心(xin)(xin);如能(neng)空凈自在,不(bu)(bu)固執,便(bian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佛(fo)菩薩的(de)心(xin)(xin)。所以離世(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa),便(bian)沒有佛(fo)法(fa);離了(le)般(ban)(ban)若,只有作孽受苦厄的(de)分了(le)。
【波羅】此言彼岸(an);因為有個度字,所以假定一條生(sheng)死河,眾(zhong)生(sheng)在苦(ku)惱的(de)此岸(an),要度過到清凈的(de)彼岸(an),用來比喻,不是真有此岸(an)彼岸(an)。
【蜜】是(shi)到的意(yi)思,是(shi)到了果位(wei)了。果位(wei)是(shi)究竟涅(nie)盤(pan),涅(nie)盤(pan)就是(shi)清(qing)凈(jing)。
【多(duo)(duo)】是(shi)(shi)上(shang)面(mian)的(de)意思(si)。到(dao)彼岸之上(shang),才是(shi)(shi)究竟(jing)。現在(zai)假分五步:第(di)(di)一(yi)步在(zai)此岸;第(di)(di)二(er)步入流(liu),是(shi)(shi)下(xia)了(le)(le)(le)渡船(chuan)(chuan)了(le)(le)(le),是(shi)(shi)初(chu)發心的(de)人,亦是(shi)(shi)初(chu)果羅漢;第(di)(di)三步是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)流(liu),船(chuan)(chuan)在(zai)河中(zhong)間(jian),如聲聞緣覺(jue)(jue);第(di)(di)四步到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)彼岸,是(shi)(shi)十地(di)以下(xia)的(de)菩(pu)薩,終(zhong)不是(shi)(shi)究竟(jing);必第(di)(di)五步上(shang)岸,“多(duo)(duo)”舍去(qu)了(le)(le)(le)船(chuan)(chuan),即是(shi)(shi)舍去(qu)了(le)(le)(le)法見,掃除(chu)了(le)(le)(le)執心,斯(si)是(shi)(shi)了(le)(le)(le)無掛礙的(de)等覺(jue)(jue)菩(pu)薩和佛。
【心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)】心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什(shen)(shen)么(me)?是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個影(ying)子(zi),不(bu)(bu)能說有,不(bu)(bu)能說無(wu):所以(yi)無(wu)形段,不(bu)(bu)過是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)根(gen)(眼(yan)、耳、鼻(bi)、舌、身、意(yi))和(he)六(liu)塵(色、聲、香、味、觸(chu)、法(fa)(fa))相(xiang)對起(qi)了認(ren)識(shi)(shi),叫做六(liu)識(shi)(shi)(眼(yan)識(shi)(shi)、耳識(shi)(shi)、鼻(bi)識(shi)(shi)、舌識(shi)(shi)、身識(shi)(shi)、意(yi)識(shi)(shi)),所以(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)集起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)。就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)同外境(jing)(jing)集合而緣(yuan)起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)影(ying),即(ji)名(ming)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin);心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)中起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)道理,叫做幻(huan)(huan)(huan)法(fa)(fa);執(zhi)住個幻(huan)(huan)(huan)我成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)個幻(huan)(huan)(huan)見,于是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)了,就(jiu)有六(liu)道生(sheng)死(si)(si)。但(dan)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)這(zhe)個生(sheng)死(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),要(yao)開般若(ruo)智(zhi)慧了脫生(sheng)死(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de),還(huan)(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)這(zhe)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin);成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)到(dao)(dao)佛(涅盤),也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)這(zhe)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),你(ni)既(ji)然知(zhi)(zhi)道是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de),那么(me)就(jiu)有幻(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)法(fa)(fa),一切(qie)人事(shi)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng),六(liu)道生(sheng)死(si)(si)涅盤,還(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一樣是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)?由(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)可覺(jue)(jue)本(ben)(ben)來沒(mei)有生(sheng)死(si)(si),都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)冤枉造(zao)作。既(ji)無(wu)生(sheng)死(si)(si),就(jiu)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)著涅盤了,所以(yi)說諸法(fa)(fa)空相(xiang),涅盤生(sheng)死(si)(si)等(deng)(deng)空華,即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)意(yi)。但(dan)又(you)(you)為(wei)什(shen)(shen)么(me)分(fen)真心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)妄(wang)(wang)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)呢(ni)?這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)得已而替初學的(de)(de)(de)人說,其實心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),根(gen)本(ben)(ben)不(bu)(bu)有,不(bu)(bu)可得,又(you)(you)分(fen)什(shen)(shen)么(me)真和(he)妄(wang)(wang)呢(ni)?不(bu)(bu)過幻(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)能除(chu),人事(shi)上一切(qie)的(de)(de)(de)幻(huan)(huan)(huan)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)能廢(fei),所以(yi)權(quan)分(fen)真心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)妄(wang)(wang)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。真心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)之(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),何以(yi)叫無(wu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)之(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)呢(ni)?即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)起(qi)念時,而見聞覺(jue)(jue)知(zhi)(zhi)仍舊(jiu)了了,卻無(wu)分(fen)別,寂(ji)(ji)然不(bu)(bu)動的(de)(de)(de),此(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)真心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin);如一起(qi)了念,分(fen)別人事(shi),而可以(yi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)顛倒,亦不(bu)(bu)逐境(jing)(jing)流浪,頓(dun)然歸到(dao)(dao)無(wu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)本(ben)(ben)位(wei),此(ci)(ci)(ci)還(huan)(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)真心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。至于念念流浪,不(bu)(bu)覺(jue)(jue)漸漸入了迷途,此(ci)(ci)(ci)名(ming)妄(wang)(wang)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),但(dan)本(ben)(ben)體勿失的(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)部心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)經(jing),就(jiu)教你(ni)凜覺(jue)(jue)的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)子(zi),用(yong)(yong)智(zhi)慧觀照什(shen)(shen)么(me)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)?什(shen)(shen)么(me)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)苦厄?又(you)(you)如何回歸到(dao)(dao)清凈寂(ji)(ji)滅(mie)無(wu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)之(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)位(wei)?所以(yi)名(ming)為(wei)般若(ruo)波羅蜜多心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)經(jing)。
【經】有(you)許多(duo)意思:如“路”,指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)我們(men)回復真心之路的;“法”,一切方法;“貫”,貫通前后的義(yi)理;“契”,契合各(ge)人的機,各(ge)事的理,有(you)這幾種解釋。現(xian)在(zai)二(er)百六十個字(zi),是文字(zi)般若,指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)我們(men)觀(guan)照般若的方法;照此去(qu)做,實(shi)證(zheng)實(shi)相般若的究竟(jing),總不(bu)出眾生(sheng)心行中事,所(suo)以經是完全指(zhi)我們(men)自身而說的。
此經(jing)(jing)共有七(qi)個(ge)翻(fan)譯(yi),這是(shi)(shi)唐朝三藏大(da)師(shi)玄奘所(suo)譯(yi),文是(shi)(shi)簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de),義是(shi)(shi)深(shen)奧的(de)(de)(de)(de)。雖有七(qi)譯(yi),意(yi)(yi)義是(shi)(shi)一樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)。讀(du)(du)經(jing)(jing)當重(zhong)意(yi)(yi)義,不(bu)可(ke)(ke)徒(tu)在文字(zi)上死執(zhi)。此經(jing)(jing)是(shi)(shi)替大(da)乘菩(pu)薩(sa)(sa)登佛位(wei)說的(de)(de)(de)(de),表(biao)至(zhi)高無上的(de)(de)(de)(de)佛境(jing),意(yi)(yi)境(jing)只有自己(ji)(ji)曉(xiao)得,說不(bu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de),所(suo)以叫做無字(zi)真經(jing)(jing)。并不(bu)是(shi)(shi)真的(de)(de)(de)(de)無字(zi),愿學人(ren)(ren)(ren)自己(ji)(ji)領會自己(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)境(jing)界(jie),到(dao)了如(ru)何地(di)位(wei);至(zhi)于(yu)佛的(de)(de)(de)(de)境(jing)界(jie),卻不(bu)是(shi)(shi)二乘人(ren)(ren)(ren)或十地(di)以下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)菩(pu)薩(sa)(sa)可(ke)(ke)以測知(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。我們東土人(ren)(ren)(ren),大(da)乘根器多而(er)厚(hou),所(suo)以不(bu)論(lun)男的(de)(de)(de)(de)女(nv)的(de)(de)(de)(de),識字(zi)不(bu)識字(zi),都喜歡(huan)讀(du)(du)這個(ge)經(jing)(jing);譬如(ru)人(ren)(ren)(ren)聞香,個(ge)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)知(zhi)道(dao)香味(wei)好,但多半不(bu)知(zhi)道(dao)是(shi)(shi)什么(me)香;而(er)受薰是(shi)(shi)平等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de),所(suo)以不(bu)可(ke)(ke)思議(yi)。以上釋題竟。
【觀(guan)(guan)(guan)】定下了心,運想那個道理叫(jiao)做觀(guan)(guan)(guan)。這個觀(guan)(guan)(guan),是(shi)已(yi)證到(dao)果(guo)地圓成的(de)妙觀(guan)(guan)(guan),不是(shi)因地初(chu)修作觀(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)觀(guan)(guan)(guan),是(shi)大自(zi)在觀(guan)(guan)(guan),般若的(de)大機大用已(yi)經啟發,心無能(neng)觀(guan)(guan)(guan),亦(yi)無所(suo)觀(guan)(guan)(guan),是(shi)能(neng)所(suo)雙忘(wang)的(de)妙觀(guan)(guan)(guan)。
【自(zi)(zi)(zi)在】是(shi)無可無不(bu)(bu)可的自(zi)(zi)(zi)在,不(bu)(bu)是(shi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)由。自(zi)(zi)(zi)由是(shi)不(bu)(bu)肯受拘(ju)束的,但環(huan)境不(bu)(bu)如你的意思,便苦了。獨有自(zi)(zi)(zi)在,是(shi)到處能安(an),自(zi)(zi)(zi)然地不(bu)(bu)受環(huan)境所困,一(yi)切好壞隨緣(yuan);樂亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)喜,苦亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)惱,知道(dao)他是(shi)本來空,自(zi)(zi)(zi)己有主宰的。這個自(zi)(zi)(zi)在,是(shi)指(zhi)大(da)自(zi)(zi)(zi)在。
【菩(pu)薩】是(shi)(shi)(shi)菩(pu)提(ti)薩埵的簡稱(cheng),能自己覺悟,再(zai)能覺悟人的謂之菩(pu)薩;所以是(shi)(shi)(shi)人天的導師(shi),為三界(jie)的善知識。三界(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi):(一)欲界(jie),由人的一部分(fen)下至五道(dao);(二(er))色(se)(se)界(jie),指(zhi)(zhi)天道(dao);(三)無色(se)(se)界(jie),指(zhi)(zhi)禪天;總是(shi)(shi)(shi)在六道(dao)中(zhong)。菩(pu)薩分(fen)在家,出(chu)家,地前,登地,十地等覺,最高是(shi)(shi)(shi)一生補處菩(pu)薩,就是(shi)(shi)(shi)佛退位(wei)后,他來接(jie)位(wei)的,如此土的彌勒佛,西方的觀世音大(da)士。這(zhe)個菩(pu)薩,是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)十地等覺將登佛位(wei)的大(da)自在菩(pu)薩。
【行】心行,心中起種(zhong)種(zhong)妙觀妙行的大用,作(zuo)種(zhong)種(zhong)自利(li)利(li)他二事業。
【深(shen)】不(bu)是深(shen)淺(qian)的深(shen),是不(bu)可(ke)測量的意思,圓遍廣大,究竟(jing)無上的妙行。
【般若波羅蜜多】上(shang)面(mian)已經解釋過(guo)了(le),就說菩薩的功(gong)行,已到究竟地,登彼岸之上(shang)了(le)。
【時(shi)】這(zhe)時(shi)字關系甚大,顯明到了這(zhe)個境界的(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou),正是(shi)果位的(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou),已經斷除一(yi)切煩惱,度盡苦厄,沒有(you)掛礙的(de)(de)了。在下兩句(ju)“照見五蘊皆空,度一(yi)切苦厄”之后(hou)的(de)(de)意境,點明大自(zi)在的(de)(de)光景,不可草草。
【照(zhao)見(jian)】朗然覺照(zhao),徹見(jian)無余的(de)(de)意思,是無功(gong)用的(de)(de)功(gong)用,毫不(bu)著(zhu)意的(de)(de)覺照(zhao),心神會通的(de)(de)了。
【五(wu)(wu)(wu)蘊(yun)】指色(se)(se)(se)、受、想(xiang)、行(xing)(xing)、識,這五(wu)(wu)(wu)事蘊(yun)結不分(fen),叫做五(wu)(wu)(wu)蘊(yun)。此言心和外(wai)境相蘊(yun)合,統名曰色(se)(se)(se)。一個(ge)(ge)色(se)(se)(se)字(zi),包括五(wu)(wu)(wu)個(ge)(ge)字(zi)在(zai)內,并(bing)且包括外(wai)面(mian)一切(qie)一切(qie)有(you)相相形形色(se)(se)(se)色(se)(se)(se),內面(mian)無相相思想(xiang)方(fang)面(mian)都在(zai)內。外(wai)境原是色(se)(se)(se),而我的(de)眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意也是色(se)(se)(se);外(wai)色(se)(se)(se)和內色(se)(se)(se)接(jie)觸了(le),就(jiu)有(you)個(ge)(ge)受;既受了(le),就(jiu)要去想(xiang)象他,這是想(xiang);想(xiang)到了(le),心中一行(xing)(xing)轉念(nian),這是行(xing)(xing);轉出(chu)那(nei)知識來,就(jiu)是識;所以受想(xiang)行(xing)(xing)識四個(ge)(ge)也還是色(se)(se)(se),總是幻(huan)心幻(huan)起的(de)作用,成就(jiu)種(zhong)種(zhong)的(de)幻(huan)法。這個(ge)(ge)五(wu)(wu)(wu)蘊(yun),是眾生造(zao)孽受苦成立六(liu)道生死的(de)資(zi)本(ben),但也是開般若,除習氣,度苦厄,了(le)生死的(de)工(gong)
具,也就是佛菩薩(sa)成大覺(jue)(jue)度眾(zhong)生的工(gong)具。同(tong)要(yao)用(yong)五(wu)蘊,只是佛菩薩(sa)能照見(jian)本空,可以善用(yong),不被所轉,眾(zhong)生反(fan)被所縛;是在覺(jue)(jue)不覺(jue)(jue),明(ming)(ming)空不明(ming)(ming)空之別,不要(yao)指定為不好的東(dong)西(xi),反(fan)生了(le)偏見(jian)。
【皆】統統包盡無(wu)余,就是一切(qie)的意思(si)。不但人空,法亦(yi)空,連照見亦(yi)空,因(yin)為照見亦(yi)是五蘊,所以稱(cheng)皆。
【空(kong)(kong)】世上的(de)人(ren)(ren),往往不明白(bai)空(kong)(kong)的(de)道理,籠統說:空(kong)(kong)就是(shi)沒有了。不知(zhi)“空(kong)(kong)”有空(kong)(kong)間、虛空(kong)(kong)、空(kong)(kong)相(xiang)、空(kong)(kong)義種種的(de)分別(bie)。今分為兩(liang)種:一空(kong)(kong)相(xiang),是(shi)有相(xiang)的(de),如空(kong)(kong)屋,人(ren)(ren)滿了,空(kong)(kong)相(xiang)破(po)了,所(suo)以“有”與“空(kong)(kong)”是(shi)相(xiang)對的(de),這就是(shi)世人(ren)(ren)說的(de)沒有就是(shi)空(kong)(kong)了。經上另有十八空(kong)(kong)義,不必盡說。
至于(yu)佛經(jing)上(shang)所說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)“空(kong)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)義,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)本(ben)(ben)來(lai)空(kong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與一(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)萬有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和合的(de)(de)(de),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對的(de)(de)(de),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)而(er)空(kong)的(de)(de)(de)。要明白這(zhe)個空(kong)的(de)(de)(de)意義,先得明白幾點(dian):所謂宇宙(zhou)間一(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)形(xing)形(xing)色色,山(shan)河大地,日月星辰(chen),下至一(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)用物(wu)(wu)、植物(wu)(wu)、動物(wu)(wu)和我(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)身(shen)體(ti),都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang);還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)我(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)思(si)想、道(dao)理、人事、人情(qing)、喜怒哀樂,都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang);一(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)包(bao)括(kuo)在內(nei),總名曰(yue)色,在因(yin)(yin)地上(shang)總是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)的(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)以(yi)上(shang)一(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)色,尋不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)出一(yi)(yi)件是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)獨(du)立(li)自(zi)(zi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)。第一(yi)(yi)說(shuo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de):拿(na)布(bu)來(lai)比,布(bu)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)獨(du)立(li)自(zi)(zi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de),須依于(yu)紗(sha)線(xian)而(er)成(cheng)(cheng);紗(sha)線(xian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)自(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)紗(sha)線(xian),必(bi)(bi)待(dai)棉花;棉花不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)自(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),必(bi)(bi)由(you)種子;種子不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)自(zi)(zi)種,必(bi)(bi)賴人工天(tian)時(shi)地肥等(deng)等(deng)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)(bi)分析開(kai)來(lai)才空(kong),在未成(cheng)(cheng)布(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)紗(sha)前,及正有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)布(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)紗(sha)時(shi),他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)身(shen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)眾(zhong)緣(yuan)(yuan)和合而(er)成(cheng)(cheng);因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng),所以(yi)無有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)實(shi)體(ti),求(qiu)其究竟相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),畢竟不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可得,身(shen)體(ti)亦是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)如此。所以(yi)一(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)一(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie),無自(zi)(zi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),無實(shi)體(ti),因(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可得的(de)(de)(de),所以(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)。第二說(shuo)無相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de):拿(na)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)來(lai)說(shuo),心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什(shen)么?根本(ben)(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),但只(zhi)集起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。譬如夏天(tian)涼爽的(de)(de)(de)席上(shang),人睡得甜美(mei)之極,這(zhe)時(shi)候便沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)我(wo)(wo),沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin);忽然蚊蟲咬(yao)了(le)一(yi)(yi)口覺得了(le),這(zhe)覺得的(de)(de)(de)便是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蚊蟲和我(wo)(wo)集合而(er)起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。此外(wai)一(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)都同此理,所以(yi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無自(zi)(zi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),因(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng),無實(shi)體(ti),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可得的(de)(de)(de),所以(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)。因(yin)(yin)此物(wu)(wu)和心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),無一(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)而(er)空(kong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong),和一(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)一(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)分不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)開(kai)的(de)(de)(de);不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)物(wu)(wu)之外(wai)另有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)個空(kong),也不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)個是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong),那個不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)的(de)(de)(de)。所以(yi)說(shuo)到色,即不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)離開(kai)空(kong);說(shuo)到空(kong),就不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)離開(kai)一(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)色。但要認明卻是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)緣(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)幻有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),又須切(qie)(qie)實(shi)知(zhi)道(dao)這(zhe)個空(kong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)地本(ben)(ben)來(lai)空(kong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong),非眼耳可以(yi)見(jian)聞,其義實(shi)空(kong)。
既決定知道(dao)一(yi)(yi)切一(yi)(yi)切是(shi)(shi)本空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)而幻有,那又何必(bi)執(zhi)(zhi)取當他是(shi)(shi)實呢(ni)!但世上(shang)一(yi)(yi)切人(ren)事,如何可(ke)廢,我(wo)仍隨緣(yuan)應(ying)付;不(bu)是(shi)(shi)麻木無心(xin),只是(shi)(shi)勿住,行(xing)云(yun)流水的(de)(de)到處自(zi)在,這才是(shi)(shi)真心(xin)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。佛(fo)說(shuo)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)是(shi)(shi)這個道(dao)理,世上(shang)盲目(mu)妄加批評,豈不(bu)可(ke)惜(xi)!世人(ren)果能明(ming)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),自(zi)然心(xin)勿執(zhi)(zhi)取,那貪得心(xin),嗔(chen)恨心(xin),癡(chi)迷(mi)(mi)心(xin),自(zi)不(bu)會深入,天下沒有極(ji)端的(de)(de)爭奪了(le)。佛(fo)法豈不(bu)是(shi)(shi)社會上(shang)最(zui)大的(de)(de)利益(yi),有什么迷(mi)(mi)信(xin)可(ke)說(shuo)呢(ni)!又修行(xing)人(ren)往(wang)往(wang)有口頭禪,說(shuo):“莫著(zhu)了(le)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)!”這是(shi)(shi)怕他執(zhi)(zhi)著(zhu)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)見(jian),正因為他根本不(bu)曾明(ming)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),總在空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)有二(er)見(jian)上(shang)作道(dao)理,格外攪(jiao)擾不(bu)清了(le)。所以明(ming)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)則(ze)破色,破色則(ze)心(xin)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),這是(shi)(shi)斷苦厄的(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)法門(men)!
【度】超脫的意(yi)思,就是登彼岸之上,法見都(dou)凈了也。
【一(yi)切(qie)】包(bao)羅所有,凈盡(jin)無(wu)(wu)余,凡有相無(wu)(wu)相,人(ren)我法我種(zhong)種(zhong)苦厄(e),盡(jin)包(bao)在內。
【苦(ku)(ku)(ku)厄(e)(e)】身(shen)上的痛苦(ku)(ku)(ku),心(xin)上的不(bu)安,有(you)(you)相(xiang)無(wu)相(xiang),粗細微細,都是(shi)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)厄(e)(e)。其實全由心(xin)起(qi),我果無(wu)心(xin),苦(ku)(ku)(ku)在何(he)處?心(xin)果無(wu)見,厄(e)(e)在何(he)處?不(bu)是(shi)不(bu)知(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)是(shi)不(bu)受;因(yin)為有(you)(you)智慧知(zhi)(zhi)道本來空,能夠(gou)知(zhi)(zhi)而有(you)(you)若無(wu)知(zhi)(zhi),受而等(deng)于不(bu)受;譬如兩個(ge)人同(tong)時(shi)受苦(ku)(ku)(ku),一(yi)個(ge)擋不(bu)住,甚至苦(ku)(ku)(ku)上加苦(ku)(ku)(ku),因(yin)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)成病;一(yi)個(ge)卻(que)無(wu)所謂,心(xin)不(bu)著(zhu)意,便無(wu)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)厄(e)(e)了。
以(yi)上(shang)四句判為總持分,是第一段(duan),總三藏十二(er)部經一切(qie)法(fa)(fa),持無量(liang)義,亦是此經綱領(ling)。通了(le)(le)這四句,就明(ming)白心經宗旨了(le)(le)。照(zhao)此做去,自然度苦厄,了(le)(le)生死(si),出三界,成佛道,綽乎有余的(de)了(le)(le)。凡不(bu)明(ming)心要(yao)的(de)人,總在文字上(shang)會(hui),不(bu)肯(ken)從自心上(shang)會(hui);弄得沒有辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)時,只好今日(ri)求佛,明(ming)日(ri)求法(fa)(fa);下此者,求福報,求神通,死(si)要(yao)一個(ge)有相的(de)憑據,離(li)佛道更遠了(le)(le)。深(shen)入迷途,豈不(bu)可痛!
【舍利子】佛弟子的名(ming)字,即是(shi)舍利弗;在聲聞乘中(zhong),他(ta)是(shi)智慧第(di)一。
【色(se)(se)(se)不(bu)異空(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)不(bu)異色(se)(se)(se),色(se)(se)(se)即(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)即(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se),受想(xiang)行(xing)識,亦(yi)復如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)】首(shou)四(si)句(ju)(ju)實(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)個(ge)意思,總(zong)(zong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)色(se)(se)(se)空(kong)(kong)不(bu)二(er)的(de)(de)(de)(de)道理。初說(shuo)不(bu)異,說(shuo)沒有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de),還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方便的(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo);后說(shuo)即(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)個(ge),不(bu)能分的(de)(de)(de)(de),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)究竟(jing)說(shuo);斬金截鐵,毫(hao)無(wu)猶豫。色(se)(se)(se)一(yi)個(ge)字(zi),不(bu)單是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代表五蘊,連外面宇宙萬(wan)有(you)(you)(you)形(xing)形(xing)色(se)(se)(se)色(se)(se)(se)都包(bao)在內。因(yin)為(wei)宇宙萬(wan)有(you)(you)(you),就(jiu)(jiu)沒有(you)(you)(you)離了我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)海,渾(hun)同一(yi)體,盡是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se);而(er)我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)受、想(xiang)、行(xing)、識,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang),也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)。這(zhe)內外兩(liang)(liang)種色(se)(se)(se),都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)緣(yuan)生,無(wu)自性(xing)(xing)(xing),無(wu)實(shi)體,不(bu)可(ke)得,根本(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)(kong)。現下雖是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻有(you)(you)(you),畢竟(jing)不(bu)可(ke)得的(de)(de)(de)(de),所(suo)(suo)以即(ji)(ji)(ji)色(se)(se)(se)即(ji)(ji)(ji)空(kong)(kong),并不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)之外另有(you)(you)(you)個(ge)空(kong)(kong)。參透上(shang)面所(suo)(suo)說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)義,就(jiu)(jiu)知(zhi)道這(zhe)個(ge)意義了。所(suo)(suo)以心的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)形(xing)種種,亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五蘊流轉;而(er)色(se)(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)形(xing)種種,全似(si)空(kong)(kong)華的(de)(de)(de)(de)亂(luan)起亂(luan)滅,如(ru)電影(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)幕一(yi)幕,總(zong)(zong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)而(er)不(bu)可(ke)得。你莫把這(zhe)四(si)句(ju)(ju)看作玄妙,實(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)極普通極尋常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)道理。你只認明“一(yi)切是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)緣(yuan)生,無(wu)自性(xing)(xing)(xing),無(wu)實(shi)體,不(bu)可(ke)得,所(suo)(suo)以是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)(kong)”。不(bu)但(dan)色(se)(se)(se)如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),受、想(xiang)、行(xing)、識四(si)蘊也如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);不(bu)但(dan)五蘊如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),宇宙萬(wan)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang),和下面一(yi)切法,如(ru)十八(ba)界,十二(er)因(yin)緣(yuan),四(si)諦法,六度萬(wan)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)智得等(deng),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang),一(yi)切皆復如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)(kong)。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)凡夫執(zhi)有(you)(you)(you),所(suo)(suo)以說(shuo)色(se)(se)(se)不(bu)異空(kong)(kong);二(er)乘又執(zhi)空(kong)(kong),所(suo)(suo)以說(shuo)空(kong)(kong)不(bu)異色(se)(se)(se);還有(you)(you)(you)菩(pu)薩未(wei)曾會通不(bu)二(er)的(de)(de)(de)(de),所(suo)(suo)以說(shuo)色(se)(se)(se)即(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)即(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se),總(zong)(zong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)破他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)法見。倘明白法見也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)本(ben)空(kong)(kong),就(jiu)(jiu)了無(wu)掛礙的(de)(de)(de)(de)了。
以(yi)上七句判(pan)為(wei)色(se)空分(fen),為(wei)第二(er)段,用以(yi)會通色(se)空不(bu)二(er)的道理。
【舍利(li)子】此時要點(dian)到本來(lai)上,在緊要關頭了,故又(you)呼其名(ming)而告(gao)之(zhi),是(shi)鄭重的意(yi)思。
【是(shi)諸法(fa)空(kong)相(xiang)(xiang)】法(fa)是(shi)什么?是(shi)心(xin)(xin)影(ying),是(shi)心(xin)(xin)中緣(yuan)起的種種道理(li)。如果沒(mei)有(you)對象,也就(jiu)沒(mei)有(you)心(xin)(xin)沒(mei)有(you)法(fa)了(le),所以是(shi)因緣(yuan)生(sheng)、生(sheng)而不(bu)(bu)生(sheng),無自性,無實(shi)物,不(bu)(bu)可得,本(ben)來(lai)是(shi)空(kong),不(bu)(bu)是(shi)造作出來(lai)的空(kong)。古人說(shuo):心(xin)(xin)生(sheng)法(fa)生(sheng),心(xin)(xin)滅(mie)(mie)法(fa)滅(mie)(mie),心(xin)(xin)既是(shi)幻,法(fa)豈(qi)是(shi)真!諸法(fa)是(shi)說(shuo)一切法(fa),就(jiu)是(shi)一切心(xin)(xin)。世上的人,總是(shi)以心(xin)(xin)緣(yuan)心(xin)(xin),以法(fa)緣(yuan)法(fa),不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)本(ben)空(kong),遂當他實(shi)有(you),彼此固執(zhi)住了(le),爭執(zhi)就(jiu)此多了(le)。這個相(xiang)(xiang)字,應作義字解(jie),下面正點到(dao)不(bu)(bu)生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)滅(mie)(mie)的原理(li)。
【不(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)滅(mie)(mie)】佛(fo)經(jing)上(shang)最不(bu)(bu)(bu)容易了(le)(le)解的(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)句(ju),須知宇宙(zhou)間(jian)一(yi)切(qie)一(yi)切(qie)連我的(de)(de)(de)思(si)想(xiang)五蘊等等,都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)滅(mie)(mie)的(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)為一(yi)切(qie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi):(一(yi))不(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),如上(shang)面說布(bu)(bu)(bu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)自(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為布(bu)(bu)(bu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無自(zi)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de),須賴眾緣和合而生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。(二(er))不(bu)(bu)(bu)他(ta)(ta)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)單靠他(ta)(ta)緣,還不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)離(li)我這(zhe)(zhe)個布(bu)(bu)(bu),所以(yi)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)他(ta)(ta)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。那么(me)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(三)共(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)?不(bu)(bu)(bu)!也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)共(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),因(yin)為兩(liang)(liang)面也(ye)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)緣生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),兩(liang)(liang)無實(shi)體,只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)個偶(ou)合,所以(yi)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)共(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。(四)不(bu)(bu)(bu)無因(yin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),現(xian)在的(de)(de)(de)假(jia)相(xiang),似乎是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),但必由(you)因(yin)成果;沒(mei)有(you)(you)可以(yi)成布(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)因(yin),就沒(mei)有(you)(you)成布(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)果。以(yi)此類推(tui),一(yi)切(qie)一(yi)切(qie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de),現(xian)在雖有(you)(you)相(xiang),終是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)。既不(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),即不(bu)(bu)(bu)滅(mie)(mie);但現(xian)在的(de)(de)(de)假(jia)相(xiang),卻有(you)(you)個假(jia)滅(mie)(mie),只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)滅(mie)(mie),如布(bu)(bu)(bu)燒(shao)(shao)成灰(hui),布(bu)(bu)(bu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)自(zi)燒(shao)(shao);不(bu)(bu)(bu)他(ta)(ta)滅(mie)(mie),雖有(you)(you)火(huo)燒(shao)(shao),終不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)離(li)了(le)(le)布(bu)(bu)(bu);不(bu)(bu)(bu)共(gong)滅(mie)(mie),不(bu)(bu)(bu)無因(yin)滅(mie)(mie),都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)個理,可以(yi)推(tui)想(xiang)得到的(de)(de)(de)。
【不(bu)垢不(bu)凈,不(bu)增(zeng)不(bu)減(jian)】因為不(bu)生不(bu)滅,所以(yi)垢凈、增(zeng)減(jian)、長短、是(shi)(shi)(shi)非、好壞、來(lai)去(qu),一(yi)(yi)對一(yi)(yi)對的(de)(de)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)因分別而緣生,統統是(shi)(shi)(shi)幻有(you)(you)不(bu)可(ke)得,所有(you)(you)的(de)(de)相,本(ben)來(lai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)相;因世事無(wu)(wu)一(yi)(yi)不(bu)由相對而成,苦惱也(ye)由相對而立(li)。倘(tang)知根本(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)因緣生,無(wu)(wu)自性,無(wu)(wu)實體,不(bu)可(ke)得,根本(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)生而不(bu)生,不(bu)過(guo)暫時有(you)(you)這個虛(xu)妄相,那又(you)何必執(zhi)為實體呢?既不(bu)執(zhi)有(you)(you),亦(yi)不(bu)廢(fei)有(you)(you);即一(yi)(yi)切(qie)法,離一(yi)(yi)切(qie)法;既此(ci)用,離此(ci)用;心如長空(kong)萬里,包羅一(yi)(yi)切(qie),自在無(wu)(wu)住,此(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)諸法空(kong)相的(de)(de)本(ben)來(lai)面(mian)目(mu),亦(yi)即無(wu)(wu)心可(ke)心的(de)(de)本(ben)來(lai)面(mian)目(mu)。但眾(zhong)生久已不(bu)知的(de)(de)了(le),有(you)(you)全不(bu)知者是(shi)(shi)(shi)六道眾(zhong)生,半知者是(shi)(shi)(shi)二乘,知而未(wei)徹者是(shi)(shi)(shi)菩薩(sa),都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)掛礙(ai)。所謂有(you)(you)五部,有(you)(you)此(ci)岸(an),有(you)(you)入流,有(you)(you)中流,有(you)(you)彼岸(an)而未(wei)登(deng)岸(an)上
種種。以(yi)上(shang)五句(ju),判為(wei)本來分,為(wei)第三段,修行人最(zui)要(yao)緊是這一點,切勿忽過。
【是故】此是決定的口氣。
【空(kong)中(zhong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)色(se)(se),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)受想(xiang)行識(shi),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)眼耳(er)鼻舌身(shen)意(yi)(yi),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)色(se)(se)聲(sheng)香味觸法,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)眼界,乃至(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)界】既(ji)明白了(le)空(kong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)道理,那么(me)空(kong)之(zhi)中(zhong)還有(you)(you)什么(me)實(shi)體可(ke)得呢?這“無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”字(zi)有(you)(you)兩(liang)個解釋:一(yi)(yi)是(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you),是(shi)根(gen)本不有(you)(you)的(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)思。二是(shi)毋的(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)思。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)現在(zai)雖有(you)(you)幻相,但畢竟是(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),毋庸(yong)執取以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)實(shi)有(you)(you)而生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)法見,添(tian)許(xu)多煩(fan)惱。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)五蘊(色(se)(se)、受、想(xiang)、行、識(shi))、六根(gen)(眼、耳(er)、鼻、舌、身(shen)、意(yi)(yi))、六塵(色(se)(se)、聲(sheng)、香、味、觸、法)這是(shi)十(shi)二入,再加上六識(shi)(眼識(shi)、耳(er)識(shi)、鼻識(shi)、舌識(shi)、身(shen)識(shi)、意(yi)(yi)識(shi))共為(wei)(wei)十(shi)八界,都是(shi)不可(ke)得;因(yin)為(wei)(wei)是(shi)緣(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)自性的(de)(de),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)體的(de)(de),不可(ke)得的(de)(de)。然而人(ren)既(ji)有(you)(you)此(ci)幻身(shen),自有(you)(you)幻心作用(yong),不能斷滅;佛菩薩也(ye)要(yao)用(yong)以(yi)(yi)度眾生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),救(jiu)世間(jian)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量苦,我人(ren)正要(yao)用(yong)此(ci)以(yi)(yi)開(kai)般若(ruo),了(le)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死,出三(san)(san)界,不過圣人(ren)明白本來空(kong),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)法執;眾生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)迷(mi)了(le),遂(sui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)顛倒,這是(shi)眾生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)大(da)掛礙。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)地獄眾生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),掛礙在(zai)具足多分(fen)(fen)貪(tan)嗔(chen)癡(chi)(chi),鬼道掛礙于(yu)(yu)多分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)貪(tan),畜(chu)道掛礙于(yu)(yu)多分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)癡(chi)(chi),魔道掛礙于(yu)(yu)多分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)嗔(chen),人(ren)道掛礙于(yu)(yu)半(ban)分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)貪(tan)嗔(chen)癡(chi)(chi),天(tian)道掛礙于(yu)(yu)少分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)貪(tan)。這貪(tan)、嗔(chen)、癡(chi)(chi)三(san)(san)毒,都由六根(gen)六塵六識(shi)而起(qi),只(zhi)一(yi)(yi)空(kong)字(zi)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)化除一(yi)(yi)切煩(fan)惱掛礙。化除了(le),當下即是(shi)菩提(ti);所(suo)以(yi)(yi)煩(fan)惱菩提(ti),同是(shi)這個東西。
【無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming),亦(yi)(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)盡,乃(nai)至無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老(lao)(lao)死(si),亦(yi)(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老(lao)(lao)死(si)盡】這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)覺(即(ji)辟支(zhi)佛(fo),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)曾聞到(dao)佛(fo)法(fa)(fa)而(er)(er)借(jie)因(yin)(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)覺悟(wu)的(de))執取十(shi)二因(yin)(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)(fa)而(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)掛礙,他不(bu)(bu)知道諸法(fa)(fa)空相。既(ji)說是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),可(ke)(ke)(ke)見是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)實,但伊不(bu)(bu)能明(ming)(ming)空,被法(fa)(fa)見縛住了(le),不(bu)(bu)得(de)自在。那十(shi)二因(yin)(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi):一(yi)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming):是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過去(qu)(qu)的(de)根(gen)本煩惱(nao),只要碰到(dao)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)就動了(le)。緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)下去(qu)(qu)的(de)意思(si)。二、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)行(xing):行(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)動,做(zuo)種種或善或惡的(de)行(xing)業。三、行(xing)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)識(shi)(shi)(shi):由(you)于過去(qu)(qu)的(de)行(xing)業,而(er)(er)起現(xian)世(shi)受(shou)胎(tai)的(de)一(yi)念,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)(yin)認識(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)成為果的(de)。四、識(shi)(shi)(shi)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)名(ming)色(se):在胎(tai)中已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)形體而(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)名(ming)色(se)。五(wu)、名(ming)色(se)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)六(liu)入:是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)根(gen)具(ju)足,可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)和(he)六(liu)塵相對的(de)了(le)。六(liu)、六(liu)入緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)觸(chu):是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出胎(tai)后對于一(yi)切有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所接觸(chu)了(le)。七、觸(chu)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)受(shou):接觸(chu)之(zhi)后,就受(shou)苦受(shou)樂而(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)種種感覺。八、受(shou)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)愛:如成年以(yi)后,就有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)強盛(sheng)的(de)愛欲(yu)。九、愛緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)取:有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)了(le)愛欲(yu),就想去(qu)(qu)取得(de),心去(qu)(qu)四面馳(chi)求。十(shi)、取緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you):取得(de)就有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)了(le),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)業成就的(de)果位(wei)。十(shi)一(yi)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng):這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成立(li)了(le),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)已(yi),轉(zhuan)入未(wei)來。十(shi)二、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)老(lao)(lao)死(si):有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)滅,一(yi)切本是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夢(meng)幻泡(pao)影(ying),終必變(bian)滅,老(lao)(lao)死(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這一(yi)段生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si)的(de)果。但只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)未(wei)滅,再來一(yi)轉(zhuan),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)世(shi)世(shi)轉(zhuan)輾(zhan)不(bu)(bu)已(yi),遂有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)六(liu)道輪回,總是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)作(zuo)祟(sui)。乃(nai)至兩(liang)個字,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)跳至老(lao)(lao)死(si),中間(jian)略去(qu)(qu)十(shi)位(wei)。這十(shi)二因(yin)(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),位(wei)位(wei)都依(yi)據無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)作(zuo)主(zhu),不(bu)(bu)知皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)妄心幻法(fa)(fa)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)起,根(gen)本無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)。盡者,極(ji)也(ye)(ye),就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)極(ji)也(ye)(ye),言無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)亦(yi)(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)也(ye)(ye),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)絕對不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)得(de)的(de)意思(si)。所以(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)非(fei)(fei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)實體,如空中華,夢(meng)中事;夢(meng)中非(fei)(fei)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),及(ji)至夢(meng)醒,了(le)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)得(de)。可(ke)(ke)(ke)惜眾生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)能斷無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming),緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)而(er)(er)下,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)窮期,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)非(fei)(fei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)惑業苦。緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)覺雖(sui)已(yi)悟(wu)到(dao)十(shi)二因(yin)(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),原是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)假(jia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)一(yi)合相;但以(yi)為是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定法(fa)(fa)不(bu)(bu)移,所以(yi)法(fa)(fa)見不(bu)(bu)凈而(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)掛礙。
【無(wu)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)集滅(mie)道(dao)(dao)】這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聲聞執取(qu)四(si)諦(di)法,而生(sheng)(sheng)掛(gua)礙(ai)。苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)、集、滅(mie)、道(dao)(dao),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)名四(si)諦(di),就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)種重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)理(li)。苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)身心逼迫不(bu)安。眾生(sheng)(sheng)身有(you)三苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku):老、病、死(si)(si)。心有(you)三苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku):貪、嗔、癡。后世有(you)三苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku):地獄、鬼、畜生(sheng)(sheng)。更有(you)三災八難苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)、壞苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)、行苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)、苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)、不(bu)知足苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)、不(bu)安命苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)、心無(wu)寄托苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)諦(di)。卻是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三界六道(dao)(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)(si)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)果,無(wu)不(bu)由心和境集合而成,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)集諦(di)。滅(mie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)消滅(mie)的(de)(de)意思,斷(duan)一切(qie)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),歸到清凈寂滅(mie)。因為結業既滅(mie),則(ze)無(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)(si)的(de)(de)患(huan)累,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)滅(mie)諦(di)。但要(yao)滅(mie)除那集合的(de)(de)諸苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),必得有(you)個道(dao)(dao)理(li),道(dao)(dao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)道(dao)(dao);做到正(zheng)道(dao)(dao),必要(yao)助(zhu)道(dao)(dao),助(zhu)其(qi)離一切(qie)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),到涅盤樂,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)諦(di)。聲聞執此法見(jian)以(yi)為究(jiu)竟,所以(yi)分(fen)段生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)(si),或者可了,變易生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)(si)卻不(bu)易了。倘明本(ben)來(lai)空,知此四(si)諦(di)法,不(bu)過(guo)一時(shi)的(de)(de)緣生(sheng)(sheng);不(bu)但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)果上(shang)色(se)空,實是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因上(shang)色(se)空,不(bu)必執取(qu),便無(wu)掛(gua)礙(ai)了。
【無(wu)(wu)智亦(yi)無(wu)(wu)得(de)(de)】這是(shi)(shi)(shi)菩(pu)(pu)薩的掛礙。菩(pu)(pu)薩執(zhi)取(qu)(qu)六度萬行(xing)諸法(fa)(fa)(fa),以為(wei)確有智慧可(ke)得(de)(de),有眾生(sheng)可(ke)度,有佛(fo)可(ke)成(cheng),心中不免(mian)具此波(bo)羅蜜的行(xing)相,微(wei)細的法(fa)(fa)(fa)見不曾凈,所以不到究竟涅盤地(di)(di)。從前阿難問佛(fo)如何是(shi)(shi)(shi)煩惱(nao)(nao)地(di)(di)獄種(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)?佛(fo)說行(xing)六波(bo)羅蜜行(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)煩惱(nao)(nao)地(di)(di)獄種(zhong)(zhong);如我能布(bu)施(shi),因見他人不肯布(bu)施(shi)而生(sheng)厭惡(e),是(shi)(shi)(shi)煩惱(nao)(nao)地(di)(di)獄種(zhong)(zhong);我能持(chi)戒等(deng)等(deng),因見別人不能持(chi)戒等(deng)等(deng),心生(sheng)厭恨,是(shi)(shi)(shi)煩惱(nao)(nao)地(di)(di)獄種(zhong)(zhong)。這就是(shi)(shi)(shi)彌陀經上說的見濁,是(shi)(shi)(shi)名染(ran)法(fa)(fa)(fa),染(ran)糊涂了(le)。況且(qie)有智無(wu)(wu)智,都是(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)心作用,分別為(wei)二。同是(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)空,更(geng)有何法(fa)(fa)(fa)可(ke)得(de)(de)?世(shi)尊昔在燃(ran)燈佛(fo)所得(de)(de)佛(fo)授記,成(cheng)無(wu)(wu)上菩(pu)(pu)提,世(shi)尊當(dang)時并不取(qu)(qu)以為(wei)勝(sheng),因為(wei)知道性(xing)(xing)空!實無(wu)(wu)少(shao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)可(ke)得(de)(de),不過名為(wei)菩(pu)(pu)提而已(yi)。所以菩(pu)(pu)薩必到法(fa)(fa)(fa)無(wu)(wu)我的時候,才(cai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)掛礙凈盡。
【以(yi)無(wu)所(suo)(suo)得故】這(zhe)是總結(jie)一句,極(ji)言上面(mian)五蘊、十八界、十二因緣、四諦法、六度智得一切(qie)本(ben)空,仔細(xi)推求(qiu),實(shi)無(wu)所(suo)(suo)得。以(yi)上十三句判為法用分,為第四段,說空了之后,般若法用自然啟(qi)發,也不受法縛了。
【菩(pu)提薩(sa)埵】簡稱就是菩(pu)薩(sa),此指已登佛(fo)位的明心菩(pu)薩(sa),又名開士(shi)、大士(shi);又薩(sa)埵譯(yi)為(wei)精進勇(yong)猛,堪以(yi)荷擔如來事(shi)業的人(ren)。
【依(yi)般若(ruo)波羅(luo)蜜多(duo)故】他因(yin)為依(yi)自性(xing)的(de)金剛般若(ruo),能夠(gou)超登彼岸的(de)緣故,所以有(you)(you)下面實(shi)證的(de)受(shou)用(yong)。我們應(ying)該(gai)知(zhi)道修行不(bu)是(shi)圖利,更不(bu)能圖名(ming),名(ming)利是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)最毒(du)的(de)藥(yao);名(ming)利的(de)心不(bu)死(si),永無出頭的(de)日子。因(yin)此因(yin)地要正,總要在自性(xing)上打算,老(lao)老(lao)實(shi)實(shi),真(zhen)參實(shi)究,決(jue)不(bu)要在神通奇特(te),出語玄(xuan)妙上求(qiu),絲毫擋不(bu)住生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)的(de)。菩薩尚不(bu)能離(li)開般若(ruo),何況我輩,離(li)了般若(ruo)之外,更有(you)(you)何法?這是(shi)成(cheng)佛的(de)根本條(tiao)件,肯向(xiang)這條(tiao)法上走的(de),才是(shi)有(you)(you)智慧的(de)人,此生(sheng)(sheng)決(jue)可(ke)成(cheng)就。
【心(xin)無掛(gua)礙(ai)】這(zhe)個心(xin),是毫無掛(gua)礙(ai),人空法空,寂滅輕安的大自(zi)在心(xin),視世間出世間一切一切皆量等虛空,無有(you)(you)邊際,包羅(luo)萬有(you)(you),了(le)無掛(gua)礙(ai)。心(xin)且不有(you)(you),掛(gua)礙(ai)何依?苦厄(e)安在?
【無掛礙故,無有(you)(you)(you)恐(kong)怖,遠離(li)顛(dian)倒夢(meng)(meng)(meng)想】心里既是凈空無見(jian),白天(tian)沒有(you)(you)(you)想象(xiang),夜(ye)間自(zi)無亂夢(meng)(meng)(meng),正(zheng)如(ru)千眼千手,圓照十方,豈有(you)(you)(you)顛(dian)倒?凡人恐(kong)怖,先有(you)(you)(you)一個(ge)得失心,就是有(you)(you)(you)我的果,正(zheng)是六(liu)道生死的種性。如(ru)能(neng)心空法空,登于佛位,兩個(ge)生死已(yi)了(le)。菩薩再來世間,是大悲愿力,不(bu)是業力,自(zi)然沒有(you)(you)(you)恐(kong)怖,顛(dian)倒夢(meng)(meng)(meng)想,都遠離(li)了(le),到了(le)生滅(mie)滅(mie)已(yi),寂(ji)滅(mie)為樂的境界了(le)。
【究(jiu)竟(jing)(jing)涅盤(pan)】這涅盤(pan)是(shi)(shi)清凈(jing)的(de)(de)意(yi)思。二乘人(ren)是(shi)(shi)有余涅盤(pan),不是(shi)(shi)究(jiu)竟(jing)(jing);這究(jiu)竟(jing)(jing)涅盤(pan)是(shi)(shi)佛位,名為無(wu)余涅盤(pan),連涅盤(pan)亦(yi)不可得。所謂成了佛,也(ye)沒(mei)有成佛的(de)(de)法見。本(ben)(ben)來涅盤(pan)是(shi)(shi)對生死(si)說的(de)(de),既本(ben)(ben)來沒(mei)有生死(si),亦(yi)安有涅盤(pan),不過同是(shi)(shi)個假(jia)名罷了。這是(shi)(shi)菩薩(sa)的(de)(de)果(guo)德(de)。
【三世(shi)諸佛(fo)(fo)】無論現在佛(fo)(fo),過去佛(fo)(fo),未(wei)來佛(fo)(fo),統包(bao)括三世(shi)一(yi)切諸佛(fo)(fo),不問(wen)已(yi)成未(wei)成,都是(shi)一(yi)體(ti)平等(deng)。須知釋迦(jia)彌陀是(shi)果上(shang)佛(fo)(fo),我和六道眾生是(shi)因上(shang)佛(fo)(fo),性自(zi)平等(deng),所以不可自(zi)棄,也不可輕(qing)人(ren)。
【依般(ban)若波羅(luo)蜜多故,得(de)阿耨(nou)多羅(luo)三(san)藐三(san)菩(pu)提(ti)】三(san)世(shi)諸佛(fo),也無(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)由(you)此(ci)法門而得(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)上菩(pu)提(ti)。一切(qie)大智慧(hui),無(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)由(you)自(zi)性佛(fo)母(mu)所生(sheng),生(sheng)是(shi)啟(qi)發(fa)的意思(si)。這(zhe)個得(de),正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)得(de)之得(de);必得(de)心中了(le)無(wu)(wu)(wu)所得(de),然(ran)后本來的面(mian)目斯得(de)。此(ci)時無(wu)(wu)(wu)人,無(wu)(wu)(wu)我(wo),無(wu)(wu)(wu)眾生(sheng),無(wu)(wu)(wu)壽者,寂然(ran)不(bu)(bu)動,而妙用(yong)恒沙,由(you)此(ci)啟(qi)發(fa),這(zhe)是(shi)佛(fo)的果德。阿耨(nou)多羅(luo)是(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)上,三(san)藐是(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)等(deng),三(san)菩(pu)提(ti)是(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)覺;就是(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)上正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)等(deng)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)覺,是(shi)言佛(fo)的意境。你(ni)想連佛(fo)也不(bu)(bu)能離此(ci)法門,眾生(sheng)豈可自(zi)外,另覓途徑(jing),豈非顛倒!所以(yi)不(bu)(bu)自(zi)求(qiu)而他(ta)求(qiu),都是(shi)因地不(bu)(bu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),適以(yi)自(zi)誤!
以(yi)上(shang)十(shi)句判為果德分,為第五(wu)段,是(shi)說(shuo)到果德地位,一切(qie)掛礙才算凈盡(jin),才是(shi)究竟涅(nie)盤(pan),都賴觀空(kong)成就,并(bing)無(wu)(wu)別法(fa)。又以(yi)上(shang)可算是(shi)上(shang)半部心(xin)經,專說(shuo)此法(fa)無(wu)(wu)實(shi)。下面再翻身(shen)過來說(shuo)個無(wu)(wu)虛,金剛經說(shuo):“此法(fa)無(wu)(wu)實(shi)無(wu)(wu)虛。”要人(ren)不(bu)(bu)要執實(shi),也不(bu)(bu)要執虛,正顯般若無(wu)(wu)住的(de)妙用。若再深一層(ceng)講,心(xin)既(ji)不(bu)(bu)有,法(fa)于(yu)何依?既(ji)沒有法(fa),更談不(bu)(bu)到無(wu)(wu)實(shi)無(wu)(wu)虛的(de)了(le)。所以(yi)說(shuo),涅(nie)盤(pan)生(sheng)死等(deng)空(kong)華。
【故知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)般(ban)(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)波羅(luo)蜜多(duo)】以(yi)下是(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)入無虛,點明一(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)的妙用。這(zhe)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)(shi)靈照覺知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),表(biao)明悟后的意境,仿佛是(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)而為有(you);不知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)這(zhe)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)也是(shi)(shi)法,也是(shi)(shi)性空,一(yi)時(shi)的緣(yuan)生,暫時(shi)的法用,即是(shi)(shi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而無知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),生而不生;所以(yi)不明無生的道(dao)理,就不能證知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)真(zhen)空的道(dao)理。前說一(yi)空字(zi)(zi)(zi),是(shi)(shi)般(ban)(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)的體;此(ci)說一(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi),是(shi)(shi)般(ban)(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)的用。所以(yi)表(biao)般(ban)(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)的至德,無可形容,無可言表(biao);至此(ci)言語道(dao)斷,心行處滅;惟有(you)神會,惟有(you)贊(zan)嘆,正是(shi)(shi)冷暖自知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的時(shi)候。
【是(shi)(shi)(shi)大神咒(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),是(shi)(shi)(shi)大明咒(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上咒(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等(deng)等(deng)咒(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),能(neng)除一(yi)切苦(ku)(ku),真(zhen)實不(bu)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)】這(zhe)六句是(shi)(shi)(shi)贊嘆的(de)辭句。咒(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)密意(yi),以(yi)決定如是(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)咒(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),如軍(jun)令嚴速曰(yue)咒(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。以(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)不(bu)包謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)大;以(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)不(bu)通謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)神;以(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)不(bu)照謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)明;以(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)可(ke)比對(dui)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)可(ke)再加(jia)謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上;以(yi)畢(bi)竟(jing)平等(deng)謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等(deng)等(deng);空不(bu)偏空,有不(bu)著(zhu)有,于寂滅無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)住的(de)性體(ti)中,能(neng)啟發恒沙妙用(yong)。六祖云:何(he)期自性本不(bu)生滅,本不(bu)動搖;何(he)期自性能(neng)生萬法(fa)(fa)。前為(wei)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實之(zhi)(zhi)體(ti),此(ci)為(wei)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)用(yong);故能(neng)除一(yi)切苦(ku)(ku),真(zhen)實不(bu)虛(xu)(xu)(xu)。你想世(shi)上的(de)人,沒一(yi)個(ge)人沒有掛礙(ai)的(de)痛苦(ku)(ku),哪(na)一(yi)個(ge)人能(neng)離了(le)佛(fo)法(fa)(fa),佛(fo)法(fa)(fa)又何(he)曾迷信呢!
以上(shang)七句(ju)判為證知(zhi)分,分第六段,要(yao)親證才知(zhi)這個境界(jie),不(bu)(bu)是(shi)靠文(wen)字可以得知(zhi)的(de)。所以得知(zhi)的(de)必須要(yao)真(zhen)參實究,從自性上(shang)用功(gong),經是(shi)不(bu)(bu)過借來考證罷了(le)。總之,心通(tong)才是(shi)最(zui)大神通(tong);但(dan)心不(bu)(bu)空就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)通(tong),不(bu)(bu)通(tong)就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)明,不(bu)(bu)明則一(yi)(yi)切(qie)智慧(hui)被無明所覆,不(bu)(bu)能(neng)啟發。這一(yi)(yi)分是(shi)說(shuo)心到了(le)真(zhen)空的(de)境界(jie),自然(ran)有許多力量;不(bu)(bu)是(shi)有苦再除,卻使一(yi)(yi)切(qie)苦厄無所依附(fu),根本無苦厄的(de)了(le)。
張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu),生卒年不(bu)詳,字伯高,一字季明,吳郡(江蘇蘇州)人(ren)。初仕為(wei)常熟尉(wei),后(hou)官至(zhi)(zhi)金吾長(chang)史(shi),人(ren)稱“張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)長(chang)史(shi)”。其母陸氏為(wei)初唐書(shu)(shu)家(jia)陸柬之的(de)(de)(de)侄女,即(ji)虞世南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)外孫(sun)女。陸氏世代以(yi)書(shu)(shu)傳業,有(you)(you)(you)稱于史(shi)。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)為(wei)人(ren)灑脫不(bu)羈,豁達大(da)(da)度,卓(zhuo)爾不(bu)群,才(cai)華(hua)橫(heng)溢,學識淵博。與李(li)白、賀知章相友善,杜甫將他(ta)(ta)三(san)人(ren)列入“飲中(zhong)八仙”。是一位(wei)極(ji)有(you)(you)(you)個(ge)(ge)性的(de)(de)(de)草(cao)書(shu)(shu)大(da)(da)家(jia),因他(ta)(ta)常喝得大(da)(da)醉(zui),就(jiu)呼叫(jiao)狂走,然(ran)后(hou)落筆成書(shu)(shu),甚至(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)頭發(fa)(fa)蘸墨書(shu)(shu)寫,故(gu)又(you)有(you)(you)(you)“張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)顛”的(de)(de)(de)雅(ya)稱。后(hou)懷素繼承和發(fa)(fa)展了其筆法,也以(yi)草(cao)書(shu)(shu)得名,并(bing)(bing)稱“顛張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)醉(zui)素”。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)性格豪放,嗜(shi)好飲酒,常在大(da)(da)醉(zui)后(hou)手舞足蹈,然(ran)后(hou)回(hui)到(dao)(dao)桌前,提筆落墨,一揮而就(jiu)。有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)說(shuo)他(ta)(ta)粗魯,給他(ta)(ta)取了個(ge)(ge)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)癲的(de)(de)(de)雅(ya)號。其實他(ta)(ta)很細心,他(ta)(ta)認(ren)為(wei)在日常生活中(zhong)所(suo)觸到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)物,都能啟(qi)發(fa)(fa)寫字。偶有(you)(you)(you)所(suo)獲,即(ji)熔冶于自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)法中(zhong)。當時人(ren)們只要(yao)得到(dao)(dao)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)片紙支字,都視若珍品,世襲真(zhen)藏。那時候,張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)有(you)(you)(you)個(ge)(ge)鄰(lin)(lin)(lin)居,家(jia)境貧困,聽說(shuo)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)性情慷慨,就(jiu)寫信(xin)給張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu),希望(wang)得到(dao)(dao)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)資助(zhu)。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)非常同(tong)情鄰(lin)(lin)(lin)人(ren),便在信(xin)中(zhong)說(shuo)道(dao):您只要(yao)說(shuo)這信(xin)是張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)寫的(de)(de)(de),要(yao)價可上百金。鄰(lin)(lin)(lin)人(ren)將信(xin)照著他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)話上街(jie)售賣(mai),果(guo)然(ran)不(bu)到(dao)(dao)半(ban)日就(jiu)被爭購一空。鄰(lin)(lin)(lin)人(ren)高興地回(hui)到(dao)(dao)家(jia),并(bing)(bing)向張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)致萬分的(de)(de)(de)感謝。
張(zhang)旭(xu)的(de)書(shu)法(fa),始化于(yu)張(zhang)芝(zhi)、二王一(yi)(yi)路,以(yi)(yi)草(cao)書(shu)成就最(zui)高。史稱“草(cao)圣(sheng)”。他(ta)(ta)自己(ji)以(yi)(yi)繼承“二王”傳統(tong)為(wei)自豪,字字有法(fa),另一(yi)(yi)方面又效法(fa)張(zhang)芝(zhi)草(cao)書(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)藝,創造出(chu)瀟灑磊落,變(bian)幻莫測(ce)的(de)狂草(cao)來,其狀驚世駭(hai)俗(su)。相(xiang)傳他(ta)(ta)見公主與(yu)擔(dan)夫爭道,又聞鼓吹而(er)得(de)(de)筆法(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)意;在(zai)河(he)南鄴縣(xian)時愛(ai)看公孫大娘舞(wu)西河(he)劍器(qi),并因(yin)此而(er)得(de)(de)草(cao)書(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)神。顏真(zhen)卿(qing)曾兩度辭官向他(ta)(ta)請教筆法(fa)。張(zhang)旭(xu)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)位純粹的(de)藝術家,他(ta)(ta)把滿腔情(qing)感傾注在(zai)點畫之(zhi)(zhi)間,旁若無(wu)人(ren)(ren),如醉(zui)如癡(chi),如癲如狂。唐(tang)韓愈《送(song)高閑上(shang)人(ren)(ren)序》中(zhong)贊(zan)之(zhi)(zhi):“喜怒(nu)、窘窮、憂悲、愉佚、怨恨、思慕、酣醉(zui)、無(wu)聊(liao)、不(bu)平,有動于(yu)心(xin),必于(yu)草(cao)書(shu)焉發之(zhi)(zhi)。觀(guan)于(yu)物(wu),見山水(shui)崖(ya)谷、鳥獸蟲魚、草(cao)木(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)花實(shi)、日(ri)月列星(xing)、風雨水(shui)火、雷霆霹靂(li)、歌舞(wu)戰斗、天(tian)地事物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)變(bian),可喜可愕,一(yi)(yi)寓于(yu)書(shu),故旭(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)書(shu),變(bian)動猶鬼神,不(bu)可端倪,以(yi)(yi)此終(zhong)其身(shen)而(er)名后世。”這是(shi)一(yi)(yi)位真(zhen)正的(de)藝術家對藝術的(de)執(zhi)著的(de)真(zhen)實(shi)寫照(zhao)。難(nan)怪后人(ren)(ren)論(lun)及唐(tang)人(ren)(ren)書(shu)法(fa),對歐(ou)、虞(yu)、褚、顏、柳、素等均(jun)有褒貶(bian),唯對張(zhang)旭(xu)無(wu)不(bu)贊(zan)嘆不(bu)已,這是(shi)藝術史上(shang)絕無(wu)僅有的(de)。