芒果视频下载

基本介紹

武夷山國家公園體制試點(dian)區(qu)位(wei)于福建省北(bei)部(bu)，周(zhou)邊分別與福建省武夷山市(shi)西(xi)北(bei)部(bu)、建陽市(shi)和邵武市(shi)北(bei)部(bu)、光澤縣東(dong)南部(bu)、江西(xi)省鉛(qian)山縣南部(bu)毗鄰。經(jing)國土部(bu)門確權登記，試點(dian)區(qu)總面(mian)積942.02平方公里。

地理環境

地質地貌

武夷山(shan)國家(jia)公(gong)園主要分(fen)布了(le)前(qian)震(zhen)旦(dan)系和震(zhen)旦(dan)系的變質(zhi)巖(yan)系，中生代的火山(shan)巖(yan)、花崗巖(yan)和碎屑(xie)巖(yan)。

在中生代晚期(qi)，武夷(yi)山發(fa)生了強烈的火山噴發(fa)活動，繼之為大規模的花崗巖侵入，已發(fa)現本區有豐(feng)富的火山機構，為典型(xing)的亞洲東部環太(tai)平洋帶的構造特征。白(bai)堊紀晚期(qi)的紅色砂礫巖是形成丹霞地(di)貌的主體。

中生代的(de)(de)地(di)殼運動奠定(ding)了武夷(yi)山(shan)(shan)地(di)貌的(de)(de)基本(ben)骨架。告性對(dui)武夷(yi)山(shan)(shan)地(di)貌發育(yu)也很明顯，西(xi)部海拔(ba)1500m以上的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)峰，基本(ben)上由(you)堅硬的(de)(de)凝灰熔巖和流紋巖等構(gou)(gou)成，東部紅(hong)色(se)砂(sha)頁巖地(di)區則往(wang)往(wang)發育(yu)有較寬的(de)(de)谷地(di)和盆(pen)地(di)。所以武夷(yi)山(shan)(shan)豐富的(de)(de)地(di)貌類型是地(di)質構(gou)(gou)造、流水侵蝕、風化剝蝕、重(zhong)力崩塌等綜合作用的(de)(de)結(jie)果。

氣候情況

四(si)季(ji)分明(ming)地處中亞(ya)熱(re)帶，武夷(yi)山(shan)四(si)季(ji)氣(qi)溫較均(jun)勻、溫和濕(shi)潤，年平均(jun)氣(qi)溫約12℃～13℃，1月(yue)均(jun)溫3℃左右(you)，極端最低氣(qi)溫可達-15℃，7月(yue)均(jun)溫23℃～24℃；年降水量在(zai)2000毫米(mi)以上，是(shi)福建省降水量多地區。年相對濕(shi)度高達85%，霧日在(zai)100天以上。

土地資源

國有土地面積(ji)282.36平方公(gong)里(li)，占總(zong)面積(ji)比(bi)例(li)(li)的28.74%；集體土地面積(ji)700.23平方公(gong)里(li)，占總(zong)面積(ji)比(bi)例(li)(li)71.26%，森林覆蓋率達到(dao)87.86%。

植物資源

武(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)家公園(yuan)屬亞熱帶(dai)常(chang)綠闊葉林(lin)(lin)(lin)區域，中(zhong)亞熱帶(dai)常(chang)綠闊葉林(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)帶(dai)，浙閩(min)山(shan)(shan)丘甜櫧、木(mu)荷(he)林(lin)(lin)(lin)區。公園(yuan)內自(zi)然(ran)環(huan)境多(duo)樣，發(fa)育著多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)樣的(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)類型，還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)210.70平方(fang)公里原生性(xing)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)未受(shou)到人為(wei)(wei)(wei)破壞，是亞熱帶(dai)東(dong)部地(di)區森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)保(bao)存(cun)完好(hao)的(de)(de)區域。公園(yuan)內相對海拔(ba)最(zui)高達1700米，隨著海拔(ba)的(de)(de)遞增，氣溫的(de)(de)遞減和降水量的(de)(de)增多(duo)，植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)垂(chui)直帶(dai)譜明顯，依次(ci)分布有(you)(you)(you)針闊葉混(hun)交林(lin)(lin)(lin)，溫性(xing)針葉林(lin)(lin)(lin)、中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)苔蘚(xian)矮(ai)曲林(lin)(lin)(lin)、中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)草甸五個垂(chui)直帶(dai)譜，是中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)大陸東(dong)南(nan)部發(fa)育完好(hao)的(de)(de)垂(chui)直帶(dai)譜。2007年(nian)(nian)已知植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)3728種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)類數量在中(zhong)亞熱帶(dai)地(di)區位(wei)(wei)居前列(lie)，有(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特(te)有(you)(you)(you)屬27屬31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，許(xu)多(duo)如銀杏(xing)等(deng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)單種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬孑(jie)(jie)遺植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)3728種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類數量在中(zhong)亞熱帶(dai)地(di)區位(wei)(wei)居前列(lie)，有(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特(te)有(you)(you)(you)屬27屬31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，許(xu)多(duo)如銀杏(xing)等(deng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)單種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬孑(jie)(jie)遺植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)；截(jie)止(zhi)至(zhi)2007有(you)(you)(you)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)珍(zhen)(zhen)稀瀕(bin)危(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)列(lie)入《中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)紅皮書》，如鵝掌楸、銀鐘樹、南(nan)方(fang)鐵杉、觀(guan)光木(mu)、紫莖等(deng)。武(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)蘭(lan)科(ke)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)尤其豐富(fu)，已知有(you)(you)(you)32屬78種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，寬(kuan)距蘭(lan)，多(duo)花寬(kuan)距蘭(lan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)新記錄(lu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，盂蘭(lan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)福建省(sheng)公布新記錄(lu)。而(er)蕨(jue)(jue)類就(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)14個，如武(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)鐵角蕨(jue)(jue)、武(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)蹄(ti)蓋蕨(jue)(jue)、武(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)耳蕨(jue)(jue)、武(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)假瘤足(zu)、武(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)粉背蕨(jue)(jue)、武(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)凸(tu)軸蕨(jue)(jue)等(deng)以“武(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)”作為(wei)(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加詞的(de)(de)就(jiu)(jiu)達6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)多(duo)。武(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)古樹名木(mu)具有(you)(you)(you)古、大、珍(zhen)(zhen)、多(duo)的(de)(de)特(te)點，如武(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)宮880年(nian)(nian)樹齡的(de)(de)古桂、坑上(shang)980年(nian)(nian)樹齡的(de)(de)南(nan)方(fang)紅豆杉等(deng)，具有(you)(you)(you)極高的(de)(de)科(ke)研和保(bao)存(cun)價值。

動物資源

武夷山國(guo)(guo)家(jia)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)動(dong)物(wu)地理區劃上屬(shu)于東洋界(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)印亞(ya)界(jie)的華(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)東部(bu)丘陵平原亞(ya)區。公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內地貌復雜(za)，生態環(huan)境(jing)類型多(duo)樣(yang)，為(wei)野生動(dong)物(wu)棲(qi)(qi)息繁衍提供了理想(xiang)場所(suo)，被中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)外生物(wu)學家(jia)譽(yu)為(wei)“蛇(she)的王國(guo)(guo)”、“昆蟲(chong)世(shi)界(jie)”、“鳥(niao)(niao)的天堂(tang)”、“世(shi)界(jie)生物(wu)模式(shi)標本的產地”、“研(yan)究(jiu)亞(ya)洲兩棲(qi)(qi)爬(pa)行動(dong)物(wu)的鑰匙”。2007年武夷山已知的動(dong)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類有(you)(you)5110種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：哺(bu)乳綱(gang)71種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鳥(niao)(niao)綱(gang)256種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，魚綱(gang)40種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩棲(qi)(qi)綱(gang)35種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，爬(pa)行綱(gang)73種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，昆蟲(chong)已定(ding)名(ming)4635種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)700余個(ge)新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)新記錄）。在(zai)動(dong)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尤以兩棲(qi)(qi)、爬(pa)行類和昆類分布眾多(duo)而著名(ming)于世(shi)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)外生物(wu)學家(jia)把(ba)武夷山稱為(wei)“研(yan)究(jiu)兩棲(qi)(qi)、爬(pa)行動(dong)物(wu)的鑰匙”、“鳥(niao)(niao)類天堂(tang)”、“蛇(she)的王國(guo)(guo)”、“昆蟲(chong)世(shi)界(jie)”。到(dao)2011年已列(lie)入國(guo)(guo)際(ji)《瀕危(wei)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)貿易公(gong)約》（CITES）的動(dong)物(wu)有(you)(you)46種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，黑麂、金(jin)鐵豺(chai)、黃(huang)腹(fu)角雉等11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)列(lie)入一級保護。屬(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)日(ri)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)澳候鳥(niao)(niao)保護協(xie)定(ding)保護的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類有(you)(you)97種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特有(you)(you)野生動(dong)物(wu)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，崇安髭蟾（角怪(guai)）、崇安地蜥、崇安斜鱗蛇(she)、掛墩鴉雀(que)更為(wei)武夷山所(suo)特有(you)(you)。

水生生物資源

武夷山(shan)國家公(gong)園擁有豐富的水生生物(wu)(wu)資源，包(bao)括浮游藻(zao)類、浮游動(dong)物(wu)(wu)、底棲(qi)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)、魚類和水生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)等。其中(zhong)，高等水生植物(wu)(wu)共計42科(ke)51屬139種，浮游動(dong)物(wu)(wu)67種，魚類22科(ke)56屬104種，以及(ji)中(zhong)華鱉、大鯢等水生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)。

歷史沿革

武(wu)(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)山是(shi)座(zuo)歷(li)史文化名山。早在新石(shi)器時(shi)期，古(gu)(gu)越(yue)人(ren)(ren)就已在此(ci)繁衍生(sheng)息(xi)。如今懸崖絕壁上遺留的“架壑船”和(he)“虹橋板”，就是(shi)古(gu)(gu)越(yue)人(ren)(ren)特(te)有的葬俗。西漢時(shi)，漢武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝曾遣使者(zhe)到武(wu)(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)山用(yong)干(gan)魚祭祀武(wu)(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)君。唐(tang)代，唐(tang)玄宗(zong)大封(feng)天下名山大川，武(wu)(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)山也受到封(feng)表(biao)，并刻(ke)石(shi)記載(zai)。還明(ming)令保護山林，不準砍伐。唐(tang)末五代初(chu)，杜光庭在《洞(dong)天福地(di)記》里，把(ba)武(wu)(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)山列為(wei)天下三(san)十(shi)六洞(dong)天之一，稱之為(wei)“第十(shi)六升真元(yuan)化洞(dong)天”。宋(song)紹圣二年（1095年），禱雨獲應，又封(feng)武(wu)(wu)(wu)夷(yi)(yi)君為(wei)顯道(dao)真人(ren)(ren)。

從歷史和(he)科學的(de)(de)角度看，武(wu)(wu)(wu)夷山(shan)(shan)具有突(tu)出、普遍價值，不(bu)僅能為已消逝(shi)的(de)(de)古(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明和(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)傳統提供(gong)獨(du)特的(de)(de)見(jian)證，而且與理學思想(xiang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明有著直接的(de)(de)、實質性的(de)(de)聯系，符合(he)世界(jie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)第3、5標準。大自(zi)(zi)然(ran)賜(si)予(yu)了武(wu)(wu)(wu)夷山(shan)(shan)獨(du)特和(he)優越(yue)的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)環境，吸引(yin)了歷代(dai)高人雅(ya)士(shi)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)臣武(wu)(wu)(wu)將在山(shan)(shan)中(zhong)或游覽(lan)、或隱居、或著述、或授徒(tu)，前(qian)赴后(hou)繼，你來(lai)我往。自(zi)(zi)然(ran)山(shan)(shan)水(shui)陶冶了人們的(de)(de)性情，啟迪(di)了人們的(de)(de)智慧(hui)，人類的(de)(de)活動傳播(bo)，發展了武(wu)(wu)(wu)夷山(shan)(shan)，為自(zi)(zi)然(ran)山(shan)(shan)水(shui)增(zeng)輝添(tian)彩(cai)。先民的(de)(de)智慧(hui)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)士(shi)的(de)(de)駐足在九曲溪兩岸留下(xia)眾多(duo)的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)存：有高懸崖壁數千年不(bu)朽的(de)(de)架壑船(chuan)棺(guan)18處(chu)；有朱熹、游酢(zuo)、熊禾、蔡元定(ding)等鴻儒(ru)大雅(ya)的(de)(de)書院遺(yi)址35處(chu)；有堪稱(cheng)為中(zhong)國古(gu)書法(fa)藝術寶庫(ku)的(de)(de)歷代(dai)摩崖石刻450多(duo)方(fang)，其中(zhong)有古(gu)代(dai)官府和(he)鄉民保護武(wu)(wu)(wu)夷山(shan)(shan)水(shui)和(he)動植物的(de)(de)禁令13方(fang)；有僧道的(de)(de)宮觀寺(si)廟及遺(yi)址60余處(chu)。

武(wu)夷山(shan)是三教名山(shan)。自秦(qin)漢以來，武(wu)夷山(shan)就(jiu)為羽流禪家棲(qi)息(xi)之(zhi)地，留(liu)下(xia)了(le)不(bu)少宮觀、道院和庵(an)堂故址。武(wu)夷山(shan)還曾是儒家學者倡道講學之(zhi)地。