望(wang)虞河(he)(he)是太(tai)湖主要泄河(he)(he)道(dao)之(zhi)一(yi),全(quan)長(chang)60.8km,沿線地形平坦。其西部(bu)為(wei)澄錫(xi)虞高地,地面高程(cheng)多數在4.5~5.5米(mi)之(zhi)間,局部(bu)沿河(he)(he)的湖蕩地區地面高程(cheng)為(wei)3.5~4.5米(mi),為(wei)圩區;東部(bu)為(wei)陽澄區,地面高程(cheng)在3.5米(mi)左右,大部(bu)分為(wei)圩區。
望虞(yu)河(he)開鑿于(yu)公元前475年,由(you)越(yue)大(da)夫范(fan)蠡(li)所建,南(nan)起太湖沙墩(dun)口,北(bei)至長江(jiang)邊的耿徑口。千年時間流轉,望虞(yu)河(he)漸被(bei)堵塞,直(zhi)至中華人(ren)民共和國建國后(hou)才獲重新疏浚。
望虞河沿(yan)途穿(chuan)越漕湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、鵝(e)真蕩、嘉(jia)陵蕩三個湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)蕩),均(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)環湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)筑堤、穿(chuan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)過水(shui)(shui)(湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)蕩抽槽段底(di)寬30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、底(di)高程-0.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))。漕湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)蘇州相(xiang)城(cheng)區(qu)漕湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)街道(dao)與北橋(qiao)街道(dao),西(xi)(xi)岸(an)(an)為(wei)無錫新吳區(qu)鴻山街道(dao),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)近似橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)長5.9千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)(nan)北平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)寬1.5千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)寬處(chu)2.1千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),面積(ji)約9.07平(ping)方(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),均(jun)(jun)(jun)屬相(xiang)城(cheng)區(qu);湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)盆較(jiao)平(ping)坦,西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)稍深(shen),東(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)較(jiao)淺,水(shui)(shui)深(shen)一(yi)般(ban)2.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右,最(zui)深(shen)3.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),容積(ji)0.2億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),全(quan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)進出水(shui)(shui)道(dao)計22條(tiao)。鵝(e)真蕩東(dong)(dong)岸(an)(an)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)相(xiang)城(cheng)區(qu)北橋(qiao)街道(dao),西(xi)(xi)岸(an)(an)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)無錫錫山區(qu)鵝(e)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、甘露兩鎮(zhen),南(nan)(nan)北長4.1千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)寬1.3千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)寬處(chu)2.9千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),面積(ji)約5.19平(ping)方(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)中(zhong)相(xiang)城(cheng)區(qu)2.24平(ping)方(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);蕩岸(an)(an)曲折多(duo)彎,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)床不甚平(ping)坦,深(shen)淺懸(xuan)殊較(jiao)大,一(yi)般(ban)水(shui)(shui)深(shen)2.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),沿(yan)岸(an)(an)水(shui)(shui)深(shen)不足2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),容積(ji)約0.15億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);沿(yan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)道(dao)共計14條(tiao)。嘉(jia)菱蕩位(wei)(wei)于(yu)常熟市辛莊鎮(zhen)張橋(qiao)集鎮(zhen)南(nan)(nan),與無錫錫山區(qu)交界處(chu),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)呈長方(fang)(fang)形,南(nan)(nan)北長1.3千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)寬0.85千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),面積(ji)約1.16平(ping)方(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)岸(an)(an)線(xian)長約4.7千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)中(zhong)常熟境內分別約0.68平(ping)方(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)和(he)2.5千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)底(di)大部(bu)(bu)高程約0米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),正常水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(3.60米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))時湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)蕩容積(ji)約420萬(wan)立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);沿(yan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)河口(kou)除(chu)望虞河南(nan)(nan)北向穿(chuan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)外,尚(shang)有其(qi)他通(tong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)河口(kou)7個。
望(wang)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)河(he)(he)兩(liang)岸地(di)形(xing)平坦,其(qi)西(xi)部為(wei)(wei)澄錫虞(yu)(yu)(yu)高地(di),地(di)面(mian)高程(cheng)多在4.5~5.5米(mi)之(zhi)間(jian),局部沿(yan)河(he)(he)沿(yan)湖(hu)蕩(dang)低洼地(di)區(qu)為(wei)(wei)3.5~4.5米(mi),為(wei)(wei)圩區(qu);東部為(wei)(wei)陽(yang)澄區(qu),地(di)面(mian)高程(cheng)在3.5米(mi)左(zuo)右,大部分為(wei)(wei)圩區(qu)。望(wang)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)河(he)(he)沿(yan)線河(he)(he)網水系(xi)發(fa)育,多數走向為(wei)(wei)東西(xi)走向,兩(liang)岸支(zhi)河(he)(he)口(kou)門(men)眾多,共(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)115處(chu),其(qi)中已(yi)建(jian)配套(tao)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)92座(zuo)(zuo),包括蘇州市境內60座(zuo)(zuo),無錫市境內30座(zuo)(zuo),兩(liang)市交(jiao)界處(chu)2座(zuo)(zuo)(蠡(li)河(he)(he)、月城河(he)(he)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi))。東岸地(di)區(qu)主要支(zhi)流河(he)(he)道有(you)(you)鹽鐵塘(tang)、福山塘(tang)、張家(jia)(jia)港等,現有(you)(you)口(kou)門(men)37個(ge)(ge),為(wei)(wei)防止望(wang)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)河(he)(he)洪(hong)水入侵陽(yang)澄區(qu),支(zhi)河(he)(he)口(kou)均建(jian)有(you)(you)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu),口(kou)門(men)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)共(gong)(gong)計(ji)50座(zuo)(zuo)。西(xi)岸地(di)區(qu)較大的(de)支(zhi)流河(he)(he)道主要有(you)(you)伯(bo)瀆港、九里(li)河(he)(he)、錫北(bei)運(yun)河(he)(he)和(he)張家(jia)(jia)港等,共(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)支(zhi)河(he)(he)口(kou)門(men)78個(ge)(ge),其(qi)中41個(ge)(ge)口(kou)門(men)已(yi)建(jian)閘(zha)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi),口(kou)門(men)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)共(gong)(gong)計(ji)42座(zuo)(zuo),其(qi)余37個(ge)(ge)口(kou)門(men)仍敞開。2016年5月,《望(wang)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)河(he)(he)除險加(jia)固(gu)工程(cheng)初(chu)步設(she)(she)計(ji)》經省(sheng)發(fa)改(gai)委批復,擬(ni)對沿(yan)線56座(zuo)(zuo)口(kou)門(men)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)進(jin)行除險加(jia)固(gu);《望(wang)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)河(he)(he)西(xi)岸控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)工程(cheng)初(chu)步設(she)(she)計(ji)》于2016年11月經省(sheng)發(fa)改(gai)委批復,主要建(jian)設(she)(she)內容包括新建(jian)4座(zuo)(zuo)樞紐、3座(zuo)(zuo)泵閘(zha)、3座(zuo)(zuo)套(tao)閘(zha)、20座(zuo)(zuo)節(jie)制(zhi)(zhi)閘(zha)(其(qi)中拆除重建(jian)2座(zuo)(zuo))、5座(zuo)(zuo)涵閘(zha)等共(gong)(gong)計(ji)35座(zuo)(zuo)支(zhi)河(he)(he)口(kou)門(men)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)及水系(xi)調整(zheng)等。