芒果视频下载

簡介

巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)舞是(shi)西(xi)漢(han)初年從西(xi)南地區賨(cong)人（板盾(dun)蠻）那里(li)傳來(lai)的(de)舞蹈(dao)。漢(han)高祖劉邦在平定三秦時，招(zhao)募了一批賨(cong)人作前(qian)鋒(feng)，賨(cong)人勇(yong)猛善(shan)戰(zhan)，其(qi)風俗又善(shan)舞，劉邦便(bian)命(ming)樂工(gong)學習和(he)改編了他們的(de)舞蹈(dao)，因為賨(cong)人生活于巴(ba)(ba)郡渝(yu)(yu)(yu)水一帶，所以就(jiu)稱此種(zhong)舞蹈(dao)為巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)舞.巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)舞傳入(ru)宮廷(ting)后，成為宮廷(ting)舞蹈(dao)，用來(lai)在宮廷(ting)宴會上表演軍旅(lv)戰(zhan)斗的(de)場面，歌(ge)(ge)(ge)頌帝王功德，是(shi)漢(han)代著名雜舞。表演時，舞者自披盔(kui)甲，手(shou)持(chi)矛、弩箭，口唱賨(cong)人古(gu)老戰(zhan)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)，樂舞交作，邊歌(ge)(ge)(ge)邊舞，舞者有(you)36人，是(shi)群舞。由于這種(zhong)舞蹈(dao)是(shi)武樂舞蹈(dao)，漢(han)哀帝罷(ba)樂府后，對巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)鼓員(yuan)36人仍認為不(bu)可罷(ba)，交由大樂領屬，將(jiang)它列入(ru)雅樂舞蹈(dao)的(de)系(xi)統。其(qi)伴(ban)奏樂器以銅鼓為主(zhu)，配合擊(ji)磬、搖鼗(tao)、撫琴，舞曲(qu)(qu)有(you)《矛渝(yu)(yu)(yu)本(ben)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)曲(qu)(qu)》、《安弩渝(yu)(yu)(yu)本(ben)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)曲(qu)(qu)》、《安臺本(ben)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)曲(qu)(qu)》、《行辭本(ben)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)曲(qu)(qu)》等4篇。巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)舞發展到(dao)魏晉，已完全(quan)變成廟堂祭祀性質的(de)舞蹈(dao)。巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)舞在我國古(gu)代舞蹈(dao)藝術中占(zhan)有(you)較重要的(de)地位。

基本信息

巴渝(yu)舞：是中國古代最(zui)有影響(xiang)的(de)戰前舞，即(ji)武舞。今(jin)和(he)重慶北(bei)部四川(chuan)東北(bei)部嘉(jia)陵江(jiang)支流渝(yu)水(shui)（今(jin)重慶嘉(jia)陵江(jiang)）一(yi)帶居住過一(yi)種少數民族人（巴人的(de)一(yi)支），或稱板木盾蠻(man)，又稱獠人，創(chuang)造(zao)了一(yi)種具有民族特色的(de)舞蹈，它發源于巴郡渝(yu)水(shui)流域，故名為(wei)巴渝(yu)舞。”

歷史淵源

巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是中(zhong)國古代最有(you)影響的(de)(de)戰前(qian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，即武(wu)(wu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。《左(zuo)傳》載3000年前(qian)“周武(wu)(wu)王伐紂，巴(ba)(ba)師(shi)勇(yong)銳，歌(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)凌殷(yin)人(ren)。故(gu)曰(yue)：武(wu)(wu)王伐紂前(qian)戈(ge)后舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。”這(zhe)里(li)對(dui)“巴(ba)(ba)師(shi)歌(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”并(bing)未命名(ming)(ming)，直到秦漢(han)(han)相爭時漢(han)(han)王朝再(zai)次將此(ci)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)用于戰斗之(zhi)中(zhong)，在(zai)沖鋒陷陣(zhen)時“銳氣喜舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，武(wu)(wu)帝善之(zhi)曰(yue)‘此(ci)武(wu)(wu)王伐紂之(zhi)歌(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也，乃令樂人(ren)習學之(zhi)，今所謂(wei)巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也。’”這(zhe)是“巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”之(zhi)名(ming)(ming)在(zai)史書上正式提出。漢(han)(han)高祖(zu)為(wei)(wei)什么把這(zhe)種(zhong)戰前(qian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)命名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)“巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”？有(you)關巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)源(yuan)(yuan)眾說紛紜。董(dong)其祥教授在(zai)《巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)源(yuan)(yuan)流(liu)考》中(zhong)，把“巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”之(zhi)源(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)論為(wei)(wei)：“重(zhong)慶北部(bu)四川(chuan)東(dong)北部(bu)嘉(jia)陵江(jiang)支(zhi)流(liu)渝(yu)(yu)水（今名(ming)(ming)流(liu)江(jiang)）一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶居(ju)住過一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)少數(shu)民族人(ren)（巴(ba)(ba)人(ren)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)支(zhi)），或稱(cheng)(cheng)板木盾蠻，又稱(cheng)(cheng)獠人(ren)，創造了一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)具有(you)民族特(te)色的(de)(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)，它發源(yuan)(yuan)于巴(ba)(ba)郡(jun)渝(yu)(yu)水流(liu)域，故(gu)名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。”另有(you)胡宏(hong)基先生《解讀巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)》認(ren)定“閬中(zhong)市(shi)保寧鎮為(wei)(wei)巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)鄉(xiang)。”晉人(ren)郭注釋“巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)辭說：“巴(ba)(ba)西閬中(zhong)有(you)渝(yu)(yu)水，獠人(ren)居(ju)其上，皆剛勇(yong)好舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，漢(han)(han)高祖(zu)之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)平三秦，后使樂府習之(zhi)因名(ming)(ming)巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也。”

命名

“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，既不是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)郡(jun)(jun)、巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)西(xi)(xi)(xi)郡(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)”和渝(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“渝(yu)(yu)(yu)”為(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)命(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，也(ye)不是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)命(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。若以(yi)(yi)(yi)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)左右聚(ju)(ju)居(ju)人(ren)為(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)命(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)應命(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)“渝(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)”也(ye)。《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國文(wen)化(hua)百科》在(zai)(zai)《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)》辭條中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)認定“由于(yu)人(ren)居(ju)住在(zai)(zai)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)區，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)叫巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)”。那(nei)么秦漢(han)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)區”又在(zai)(zai)何處(chu)？據(ju)考：古(gu)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)應是(shi)東漢(han)時(shi)(shi)(shi)漢(han)昌縣轄(xia)地(di)(di)，前屬梁州(zhou)（治今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)鄭回軍壩天池梁），后屬益州(zhou)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)西(xi)(xi)(xi)郡(jun)(jun)（治今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）直至(zhi)民(min)國時(shi)(shi)(shi)期，即今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)四(si)(si)川(chuan)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)轄(xia)的(de)(de)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)區、南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、通(tong)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、平(ping)(ping)昌的(de)(de)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)水(shui)(shui)、渝(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)。“在(zai)(zai)四(si)(si)川(chuan)東北(bei)(bei)部有東西(xi)(xi)(xi)兩(liang)源(yuan)，出自陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)鄭、鎮巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)境內米倉(cang)山(shan)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)流(liu)(liu)至(zhi)通(tong)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)會合，西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)流(liu)(liu)至(zhi)平(ping)(ping)昌注入(ru)(ru)(ru)渠(qu)(qu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)”（《水(shui)(shui)經(jing)注》）。《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)·巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系源(yuan)流(liu)(liu)圖(tu)》考：“州(zhou)水(shui)(shui)有三(san)(san)派，其(qi)(qi)(qi)自蟒(mang)潭河入(ru)(ru)(ru)者北(bei)(bei)水(shui)(shui)，即古(gu)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)也(ye)（今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)河，發(fa)源(yuan)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)鄭，經(jing)米倉(cang)山(shan)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)入(ru)(ru)(ru)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）；……自通(tong)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)河入(ru)(ru)(ru)者，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)水(shui)(shui)也(ye)（今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)通(tong)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河，發(fa)源(yuan)于(yu)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)鄭、鎮巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)）。三(san)(san)水(shui)(shui)會于(yu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)口鎮（今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)平(ping)(ping)昌縣城）合而為(wei)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，眾流(liu)(liu)皆(jie)附之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)達(da)于(yu)渠(qu)(qu)河（古(gu)潛水(shui)(shui)）”《漢(han)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)“……而巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、渝(yu)(yu)(yu)二(er)(er)水(shui)(shui)自古(gu)并稱(cheng)，地(di)(di)必相近（巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)二(er)(er)水(shui)(shui)實為(wei)一山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隔(ge)）……”《三(san)(san)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)記》云(yun)：“閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有渝(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)。南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)在(zai)(zai)漢(han)時(shi)(shi)(shi)屬閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)境內，此(ci)水(shui)(shui)為(wei)民(min)所(suo)(suo)(suo)居(ju)，故稱(cheng)‘巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)’、‘巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)’也(ye)”，這(zhe)是(shi)史書上(shang)首次(ci)提及“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)。化(hua)成(cheng)縣（治今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)區）北(bei)(bei)水(shui)(shui)一名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)嶺(ling)水(shui)(shui)，一名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)川(chuan)水(shui)(shui)，一名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)宕(dang)渠(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)。自集州(zhou)（今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)）難(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)（今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河）界(jie)流(liu)(liu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)北(bei)(bei)水(shui)(shui)，即今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)流(liu)(liu)。從前未有巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)水(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稱(cheng)，自《九域(yu)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》始言化(hua)成(cheng)縣有巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)后，遂與南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)派出水(shui)(shui)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)嶺(ling)者當(dang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)實則古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)也(ye)（巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）。“渝(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)，古(gu)水(shui)(shui)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，一名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)宕(dang)渠(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)，即今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)四(si)(si)川(chuan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)及其(qi)(qi)(qi)下游渠(qu)(qu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，古(gu)有族(zu)聚(ju)(ju)居(ju)水(shui)(shui)濱善(shan)歌(ge)舞(wu)，漢(han)‘巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)’即出于(yu)此(ci)……”（《辭海》地(di)(di)理分冊）。從以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)分析所(suo)(suo)(suo)知，“閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有渝(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)，人(ren)多居(ju)水(shui)(shui)左右……”是(shi)指在(zai)(zai)秦漢(han)時(shi)(shi)(shi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)西(xi)(xi)(xi)郡(jun)(jun)所(suo)(suo)(suo)轄(xia)漢(han)昌縣的(de)(de)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)民(min)國志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》。明楊瞻《四(si)(si)忠(zhong)祠記》“正(zheng)德(de)辛未（正(zheng)德(de)六年，1512年）以(yi)(yi)(yi)來，鄢藍（鄢本恕(shu)、藍延瑞）倡(chang)亂、旗幟(zhi)千里，三(san)(san)省(sheng)煸(bian)動，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)死亡過半矣。”這(zhe)里所(suo)(suo)(suo)指“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)”，即今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)(shi)（巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)區、南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、通(tong)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、平(ping)(ping)昌）、達(da)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)及南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)充市(shi)(shi)轄(xia)區和劍閣、梓(zi)潼等川(chuan)東北(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)區之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)。這(zhe)里再次(ci)提到巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)區，以(yi)(yi)(yi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)域(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)命(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，那(nei)是(shi)順其(qi)(qi)(qi)自然，俗以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)常。

4篇舞曲

一曰(yue)矛渝，二曰(yue)安弩，三(san)曰(yue)安臺，四曰(yue)行辭(ci)。巴渝舞(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)基(ji)本形式是(shi)“執(zhi)(zhi)仗而舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”。“仗”，兵器，“執(zhi)(zhi)仗”即執(zhi)(zhi)干戈(ge)；伴(ban)(ban)奏則(ze)是(shi)擊(ji)鼓。班(ban)固《漢書》載：“巴渝鼓員，三(san)十六人”。他(ta)講的(de)是(shi)宮(gong)廷燕(yan)樂的(de)巴渝舞(wu)(wu)(wu)，征伐戰場上的(de)巴渝舞(wu)(wu)(wu)，有多少人戰斗(dou),就有多少人歌舞(wu)(wu)(wu)：在陣前拼殺者，執(zhi)(zhi)看挺戈(ge)，大聲呼呵，后面伴(ban)(ban)奏者，則(ze)擊(ji)鼓頓足，以(yi)增威(wei)勢(shi)，這就是(shi)史書所為的(de)“前歌后舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”。司馬(ma)相如在《子虛(xu)賦》中這樣描繪巴渝舞(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)壯觀(guan)場面：“千人唱，萬人和，山(shan)陵為之震動，山(shan)谷為之蕩(dang)波。”為了“耀武觀(guan)兵”，朝廷接待“四夷(yi)使者”，便常常表演(yan)巴渝舞(wu)(wu)(wu)。

巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是閬中(zhong)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)水土著巴(ba)族賨人所創造的(de)(de)(de)民間舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)。賨人天性勁勇(yong)，俗喜歌(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。漢(han)高(gao)(gao)祖劉邦(bang)伐(fa)三秦建大漢(han)時，被募為(wei)漢(han)軍前鋒(feng)。他們那種“巴(ba)師勇(yong)銳，歌(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)以凌”的(de)(de)(de)氣勢(shi)和(he)戰斗力，贏得了漢(han)高(gao)(gao)祖的(de)(de)(de)喜愛，并將宗(zong)人的(de)(de)(de)戰爭武(wu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)取(qu)名為(wei)“巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”，引進宮廷(ting)，歷(li)(li)經(jing)魏、晉、南(nan)北朝(chao)，至唐代，雖曾數(shu)易其名，仍盛演(yan)(yan)(yan)不(bu)衰。唐以后(hou)，“巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”在宮庭中(zhong)銷聲(sheng)匿跡(ji)，名不(bu)見經(jing)傳了。但在民間仍在世代承傳，歷(li)(li)經(jing)演(yan)(yan)(yan)變，原始的(de)(de)(de)武(wu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)演(yan)(yan)(yan)變成祭祀性舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)和(he)慶典性舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)。留傳至今的(de)(de)(de)“八仙鼓(gu)(gu)”（又(you)名“巴(ba)象鼓(gu)(gu)”）即是歷(li)(li)經(jing)演(yan)(yan)(yan)變的(de)(de)(de)“巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種表(biao)現(xian)形(xing)式(shi)。“八仙鼓(gu)(gu)”為(wei)長柄雙面(mian)獸(shou)皮鼓(gu)(gu)，鼓(gu)(gu)面(mian)繪有(you)八仙或圖騰圖案，直徑約30--40厘米，鼓(gu)(gu)柄約120厘米。八仙鼓(gu)(gu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多為(wei)10人以上的(de)(de)(de)群舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，適宜廣場表(biao)演(yan)(yan)(yan)。表(biao)演(yan)(yan)(yan)時，沙鑼一(yi)道，鼓(gu)(gu)手隨后(hou)，一(yi)面(mian)擊鼓(gu)(gu)，一(yi)面(mian)吶喊，不(bu)斷變換(huan)隊形(xing)，浩浩蕩(dang)蕩(dang)，威武(wu)雄壯。

1955年(nian)(nian)，閬中組(zu)隊參(can)加四(si)川省第二屆民間(jian)音(yin)樂舞(wu)蹈會演(yan)獲獎(jiang)。1991年(nian)(nian)，閬中市組(zu)織300人(ren)的“八仙鼓(gu)”表演(yan)隊伍(wu)，參(can)加南充(chong)第二屆絲綢(chou)節開幕(mu)式表演(yan)，引起轟動，獲得獎(jiang)勵。2001年(nian)(nian)市群眾藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)館蒲公英(ying)少兒藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)團演(yan)出(chu)的以八仙鼓(gu)舞(wu)為素材的創作舞(wu)蹈《巴鼓(gu)新韻》，參(can)加四(si)川省舞(wu)蹈大賽，獲得編(bian)導(dao)和表演(yan)兩個一等獎(jiang)。為了(le)研究“巴渝舞(wu)”，1997年(nian)(nian)青海(hai)人(ren)民出(chu)版(ban)社出(chu)版(ban)發行了(le)由(you)肖善(shan)生(sheng)撰寫的《巴渝舞(wu)初(chu)探(tan)》。

演義片段-巴渝舞

在三(san)國演義(yi)32集--周瑜(yu)空(kong)設計中，有一段周瑜(yu)宴(yan)請劉備的戲，宴(yan)席中有一段舞蹈，就是《巴渝舞》。

周瑜瞞著諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮打算在宴(yan)席中(zhong)摔杯為號殺死劉備。此時(shi)諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮在江邊(bian)聽(ting)到樂舞聲(sheng)中(zhong)透出一股殺氣，說(shuo)：“這是巴渝(yu)舞。”問魯(lu)肅“帳中(zhong)宴(yan)請何人？”，聽(ting)到宴(yan)請的是劉備后不禁(jin)大驚失色驚呼(hu)：“我主危矣(yi)(yi)！”急忙跑(pao)去，當(dang)看(kan)到劉備身旁站立的關(guan)羽時(shi)，松了口氣擦(ca)(ca)了擦(ca)(ca)汗(han)說(shuo)道：“我主無險矣(yi)(yi)。”周瑜因忌(ji)憚關(guan)羽，計劃最終沒有得(de)逞。

民間流傳

“巴(ba)(ba)渝舞(wu)(wu)”民間稱(cheng)之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“渝兒舞(wu)(wu)”。此名(ming)在(zai)唐太宗大歷年間仍在(zai)漢昌(chang)境地廣為(wei)(wei)(wei)流傳(chuan)。梁州(zhou)刺史李(li)勉募中任職的唐代(dai)詩人韓弘（河(he)南沁陽(yang)縣人）在(zai)千(qian)山口所寫《送巴(ba)(ba)州(zhou)楊(yang)使(shi)(shi)君(jun)》詩中留下“萬里(li)歌(ge)(ge)鐘(zhong)(zhong)相慶(qing)時(shi)，巴(ba)(ba)童聲節(jie)渝兒舞(wu)(wu)”之(zhi)詩句（《巴(ba)(ba)州(zhou)志·藝文上》）。詩中“萬里(li)歌(ge)(ge)鐘(zhong)(zhong)”指遼闊的巴(ba)(ba)州(zhou)（古稱(cheng)野巴(ba)(ba)州(zhou)）人民唱歌(ge)(ge)擊鑼鼓。“渝兒舞(wu)(wu)”即“巴(ba)(ba)渝舞(wu)(wu)”。詩意為(wei)(wei)(wei)楊(yang)使(shi)(shi)君(jun)到巴(ba)(ba)州(zhou)整飭防(fang)務取得(de)成績后，巴(ba)(ba)州(zhou)人民定會(hui)載歌(ge)(ge)載舞(wu)(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)其慶(qing)賀。說明(ming)“巴(ba)(ba)渝舞(wu)(wu)”在(zai)唐代(dai)時(shi)仍在(zai)巴(ba)(ba)州(zhou)廣為(wei)(wei)(wei)流傳(chuan)。

《薅(hao)草鑼(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)》是流傳于(yu)大(da)巴(ba)山(shan)南麓巴(ba)中(zhong)市(shi)米倉山(shan)區的(de)(de)一種在(zai)薅(hao)包谷草時演唱(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)大(da)型連套體山(shan)歌，所用(yong)鑼(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)伴奏源于(yu)“巴(ba)渝舞”的(de)(de)伴奏樂(le)器鑼(luo)和鼓(gu)(gu)，即古(gu)(gu)代(dai)的(de)(de)鼓(gu)(gu)和鉦（一種長(chang)柄鐘(zhong)的(de)(de)軍樂(le)）。此種民間文藝至今仍在(zai)“巴(ba)渝地區”流傳。《巴(ba)州志·風俗篇(pian)》有“春田插(cha)秧，選歌郎二人擊鼓(gu)(gu)鳴(ming)鉦于(yu)隴上，曼(man)聲(sheng)而歌，更唱(chang)(chang)迭(die)合，麗(li)麗(li)可聽，使耕者忘其(qi)疲(pi)，以(yi)齊功力”之(zhi)記載，實為古(gu)(gu)代(dai)集體勞作時的(de)(de)“戰地歌舞”。其(qi)目(mu)的(de)(de)與古(gu)(gu)戰舞“巴(ba)渝舞”實為一致。

巴渝舞是(shi)流(liu)傳在重慶北部和四(si)川東(dong)北部土著人中(zhong)之原始歌舞，按其(qi)命名來講，它的具(ju)體流(liu)傳出處(chu)應是(shi)東(dong)漢(han)(han)時漢(han)(han)昌縣巴渝地(di)區，即今巴中(zhong)市兩(liang)千年前的地(di)方歌舞。