慕(mu)容(rong)皝(297年(nian)~348年(nian)),字(zi)元真,小(xiao)字(zi)萬年(nian),昌黎棘城(今(jin)遼(liao)寧省(sheng)義縣)人,鮮卑(bei)族。十六國時期前燕開國君(jun)主,西晉遼(liao)東公(gong)慕(mu)容(rong)廆第三(san)子。
慕容(rong)(rong)皝(huang)勇武剛毅(yi),頗有謀略(lve),崇尚經學,熟悉(xi)天(tian)文(wen),被(bei)立(li)為(wei)遼(liao)東公(gong)世子(zi)(zi)。建武初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),拜冠(guan)軍將軍、左賢(xian)王、望平侯(hou)。太(tai)(tai)寧末年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),拜平北將軍、朝鮮公(gong)。咸和八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(333年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),襲(xi)封遼(liao)東郡公(gong),授平北將軍、平州刺史,統治遼(liao)東地區。咸和九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(334年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),派兵攻(gong)殺(sha)(sha)鮮卑(bei)木堤和烏(wu)丸悉(xi)羅侯(hou)。咸康(kang)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(336年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),從海(hai)路踏冰攻(gong)殺(sha)(sha)慕容(rong)(rong)仁。咸康(kang)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(337年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))十(shi)月,聽從謀臣封弈的(de)勸進,自(zi)稱(cheng)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)王,建立(li)前燕(yan)(yan)(yan)政權,追封慕容(rong)(rong)廆(hui)為(wei)武宣王,夫人段氏為(wei)武宣后,冊(ce)(ce)立(li)世子(zi)(zi)慕容(rong)(rong)儁(jun)為(wei)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)。咸康(kang)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(341年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),被(bei)東晉冊(ce)(ce)封為(wei)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)王,授使持節、大將軍、都督(du)河(he)北諸(zhu)軍事(shi)、幽州牧、大單于。咸康(kang)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(342年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),遷都于龍城。永和四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(348年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),慕容(rong)(rong)皝(huang)去世,享年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)五十(shi)二歲。慕容(rong)(rong)儁(jun)稱(cheng)帝后,追封皇帝,謚(shi)號文(wen)明,廟(miao)號太(tai)(tai)祖。
慕容皝雄毅多(duo)權略,崇尚漢文化。在位期間,平定(ding)內部(bu)叛亂,擊敗宇文部(bu)和段部(bu)鮮卑(bei),擊退后趙進攻(gong),攻(gong)破高(gao)句麗,威震北方地區,為日后前燕(yan)入主(zhu)中原(yuan)打下了堅(jian)實的基(ji)礎。
西晉元康七年(297年),慕容(rong)皝出生,是鮮卑(bei)慕容(rong)部(bu)首領(ling)慕容(rong)廆第三子,母為段(duan)夫人。
眉骨隆(long)起有(you)(you)帝(di)王之(zhi)相,門牙寬闊(kuo)整(zheng)齊,身(shen)高七尺八寸。雄俊(jun)剛毅,富有(you)(you)權(quan)謀策略,崇尚經學,擅長天文。慕容(rong)廆(hui)任遼(liao)東公時,立慕容(rong)皝(huang)為世(shi)子。
建(jian)武(wu)初年(317年),授冠(guan)軍(jun)將(jiang)軍(jun)、左(zuo)賢王,封為望平侯,帶領軍(jun)隊征(zheng)討(tao),屢建(jian)戰功。晉(jin)明(ming)帝太寧末年,授平北將(jiang)軍(jun),進封朝(chao)鮮公(gong)。
東(dong)晉咸和八年(333年),慕(mu)容(rong)廆去(qu)世,慕(mu)容(rong)皝繼位,以平北將(jiang)軍的(de)身(shen)份(fen)兼任平州刺史,總(zong)管部內(nei)。不久,宇(yu)文乞(qi)得龜遭到(dao)別(bie)部宇(yu)文逸豆歸(gui)驅逐,在(zai)外(wai)地奔走(zou)喪命,慕(mu)容(rong)皝帶(dai)領騎(qi)兵(bing)討伐宇(yu)文逸豆歸(gui),宇(yu)文逸豆歸(gui)畏懼而(er)請求講(jiang)和,于是筑起榆陰、安晉二城而(er)返(fan)回。
當(dang)初,慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)的(de)(de)(de)庶兄建威(wei)將(jiang)軍慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)翰(han)為人驍勇,有雄(xiong)武(wu)之才,一(yi)直(zhi)受到(dao)(dao)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)的(de)(de)(de)嫉恨。他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)同母弟征虜將(jiang)軍慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)、廣武(wu)將(jiang)軍慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)昭都(dou)受到(dao)(dao)其父慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)廆的(de)(de)(de)寵愛,慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)心中也(ye)憤(fen)憤(fen)不平。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)廆死后,他(ta)們都(dou)怕自(zi)己將(jiang)不能(neng)被慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)納。此時,慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)翰(han)出奔段(duan)遼(liao),慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)勸慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)昭起兵廢黜慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)。于是(shi)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)殺(sha)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)昭,并且派(pai)使者探(tan)查慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)虛實,在險(xian)瀆與(yu)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)遭遇(yu)。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)知(zhi)道事(shi)已敗(bai)露,殺(sha)了慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)的(de)(de)(de)使者,向(xiang)東(dong)回到(dao)(dao)平郭(guo)(今遼(liao)寧省(sheng)熊岳(yue)市)。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)派(pai)遣(qian)其弟建武(wu)將(jiang)軍慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)幼、司(si)馬佟壽(shou)等人討伐他(ta)。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)帶領全部(bu)人馬抵(di)抗,慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)幼等大敗(bai),都(dou)淪入敵手。襄平令王冰、將(jiang)軍孫機攜(xie)遼(liao)東(dong)反(fan)叛(pan)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang),東(dong)夷校尉(wei)封抽、護軍乙逸、遼(liao)東(dong)相(xiang)韓矯、玄菟太守高(gao)詡等棄城逃回。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)于是(shi)占有遼(liao)東(dong)的(de)(de)(de)全部(bu)土地,自(zi)稱(cheng)車騎將(jiang)軍、平州刺史(shi)、遼(liao)東(dong)公。宇文(wen)逸豆歸、段(duan)遼(liao)及(ji)鮮卑(bei)諸部(bu)都(dou)作為他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)后援。
東晉咸和九年(334年),慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)(huang)派(pai)遣司馬(ma)封(feng)弈到白狼攻打(da)鮮(xian)卑酋長木堤,揚(yang)威將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)淑虞在平岡攻打(da)烏丸悉羅侯,把他們都斬了(le)(le)。材官(guan)劉佩(pei)攻打(da)乙連(lian),未能獲勝。段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)遼不久(jiu)便劫掠徒河(今(jin)錦州市(shi)),慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)(huang)部將(jiang)(jiang)張萌迎戰(zhan),打(da)敗(bai)了(le)(le)他們。段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)遼弟段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)蘭(lan)與慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)翰(han)劫掠柳(liu)(liu)城(cheng)(今(jin)朝陽市(shi)),被(bei)都尉石(shi)琮擊敗(bai)。十余天(tian)后,段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)蘭(lan)、慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)翰(han)再次(ci)包(bao)圍柳(liu)(liu)城(cheng),慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)(huang)派(pai)寧(ning)遠將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)汗(han)(han)和封(feng)弈等人前(qian)往解救。慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)(huang)告(gao)誡慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)汗(han)(han)說:“賊兵人多(duo)氣盛,我們很難與他們一爭勝負,應該全面考慮,千(qian)萬不要輕易(yi)行動(dong),必須集中兵力、整理陣容(rong)(rong)(rong),然后再進(jin)擊。”慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)汗(han)(han)性(xing)格(ge)勇(yong)猛敏銳(rui),派(pai)千(qian)余騎兵作為(wei)前(qian)鋒(feng)而展開進(jin)攻,封(feng)弈制止他,慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)汗(han)(han)不聽從(cong),被(bei)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)蘭(lan)打(da)敗(bai),士(shi)兵死亡大半。段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)蘭(lan)又進(jin)攻柳(liu)(liu)城(cheng),造飛梯、挖地道(dao),圍困二十日(ri),石(shi)琮親自率領將(jiang)(jiang)士(shi)出擊,打(da)敗(bai)了(le)(le)他們,斬首(shou)一千(qian)五百級,段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)蘭(lan)才逃回(hui)。
同年,晉(jin)成帝派遣謁者徐孟、閭丘(qiu)幸等持節(jie)授(shou)任(ren)慕(mu)容皝(huang)(huang)為鎮軍(jun)大將(jiang)軍(jun)、平州刺史、大單于、遼東公,持節(jie)、都(dou)督(du)、承(cheng)制(zhi)封拜等事宜,都(dou)與先前(qian)慕(mu)容廆時相(xiang)同。慕(mu)容皝(huang)(huang)親自(zi)征討(tao)遼東,攻克襄平,慕(mu)容仁(ren)所(suo)(suo)任(ren)命的居就令劉程(cheng)攜城(cheng)歸降(jiang)(jiang)慕(mu)容皝(huang)(huang),新(xin)昌人張衡(heng)也拘捕了縣(xian)宰投降(jiang)(jiang)他。慕(mu)容皝(huang)(huang)斬殺了慕(mu)容仁(ren)所(suo)(suo)設置(zhi)的地方官吏,把遼東大姓分遷到(dao)棘(ji)城(cheng),設置(zhi)和陽、武(wu)次、西樂三縣(xian)而返回。
東(dong)晉咸康二(er)年(nian)(336年(nian)),派封(feng)弈襲擊宇文別部涉奕(yi)(yi)于,大勝而(er)(er)還。涉奕(yi)(yi)于率騎兵追擊,在渾(hun)水交戰,又一次打敗了(le)他(ta)們。慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)將要從海(hai)(hai)道討伐(fa)慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁,部將都勸諫(jian)他(ta),說(shuo)海(hai)(hai)道危險艱難,還是(shi)走陸路(lu)為宜。慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)說(shuo):“以(yi)往(wang)海(hai)(hai)水不見冰(bing)凌(ling),自(zi)慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁謀反以(yi)來,已三(san)次封(feng)凍(dong)。從前漢光(guang)武帝憑借著滹沱(tuo)之冰(bing)成就了(le)大業,上天或(huo)許想(xiang)讓我(wo)乘此(ci)良機而(er)(er)擊敗他(ta)吧(ba)!我(wo)的主(zhu)意已定,若有誰阻撓我(wo)的計謀就斬首(shou)!”便率領(ling)三(san)軍(jun)從昌黎踏著冰(bing)凌(ling)前進。慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁沒有料到慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)的到來,直至三(san)軍(jun)距離平郭(guo)七(qi)里(li)時,了(le)望(wang)偵察的騎兵才來報(bao)告(gao),慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁狼狽出擊,被(bei)慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)擒(qin)獲,慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)殺了(le)他(ta)而(er)(er)返回。在朝陽門東(dong)規劃好親自(zi)耕作、勉勵農(nong)事(shi)的耕田,設官司來主(zhu)管(guan)此(ci)事(shi)。
東晉咸(xian)康二(er)年(336年),段(duan)(duan)(duan)遼派(pai)部將(jiang)李(li)詠夜襲武興(今河北(bei)省(sheng)遷安市(shi)),遇到(dao)雨(yu)天(tian),撤回,都尉張萌冒雨(yu)追(zhui)擊(ji)(ji),擒獲李(li)詠。段(duan)(duan)(duan)蘭(lan)擁有數萬士兵(bing)屯于曲水(shui)亭,打算攻打柳城(cheng),宇文(wen)逸(yi)豆歸入侵安晉(今遼陽市(shi)),作為段(duan)(duan)(duan)蘭(lan)的聲援。慕(mu)容皝率領(ling)(ling)五萬步(bu)騎迎擊(ji)(ji),隊伍在(zai)柳城(cheng)宿營,段(duan)(duan)(duan)蘭(lan)、宇文(wen)逸(yi)豆歸聞風而(er)逃(tao)。慕(mu)容皝派(pai)封弈(yi)(yi)帶輕(qing)騎追(zhui)擊(ji)(ji),打敗了(le)他(ta)們(men),繳獲了(le)他(ta)們(men)軍(jun)中的資糧,在(zai)軍(jun)中居住就食,二(er)十(shi)余天(tian)后(hou)返回。慕(mu)容皝對各(ge)位將(jiang)領(ling)(ling)說:“二(er)敵為無功而(er)歸感到(dao)恥辱(ru),一(yi)定會再(zai)次前來(lai),我們(men)應在(zai)柳城(cheng)左(zuo)右設下(xia)伏兵(bing)來(lai)等候他(ta)們(men)。”派(pai)封弈(yi)(yi)帶領(ling)(ling)騎兵(bing)潛伏在(zai)馬兒山的各(ge)條(tiao)道(dao)路上(shang)。不久,段(duan)(duan)(duan)遼的騎兵(bing)果然來(lai)到(dao),封弈(yi)(yi)兩路夾擊(ji)(ji),大(da)獲全勝,殺了(le)對方的將(jiang)領(ling)(ling)榮保。派(pai)兼長史劉斌、郎(lang)中令陽景送徐孟等回京師。慕(mu)容皝派(pai)世子慕(mu)容儁討伐(fa)段(duan)(duan)(duan)遼的諸處城(cheng)堡,派(pai)封弈(yi)(yi)攻打宇文(wen)別部,都大(da)勝而(er)返。
慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝又樹立求諫言的(de)(de)木柱,以廣開直言之路。東晉(jin)咸康三年(nian)(337年(nian)),遷徙到昌(chang)黎郡(jun)。三月,在(zai)(zai)乙(yi)(yi)連城(cheng)(cheng)以東修筑(zhu)好城(cheng)(cheng),派(pai)折(zhe)沖將軍(jun)(jun)蘭(lan)(lan)勃防守,以對乙(yi)(yi)連造(zao)成威(wei)脅。又在(zai)(zai)曲水筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng),作為蘭(lan)(lan)勃的(de)(de)后援。乙(yi)(yi)連城(cheng)(cheng)遭逢嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)(de)饑荒,四月,段遼使用(yong)數千輛(liang)車向(xiang)乙(yi)(yi)連城(cheng)(cheng)運糧,蘭(lan)(lan)勃伏擊(ji)攔劫得到了(le)糧食。六(liu)月,段遼派(pai)堂弟揚威(wei)將軍(jun)(jun)屈云(yun)率領精銳騎兵(bing)乘夜間偷襲在(zai)(zai)興國城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝之子慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)遵,與慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)遵在(zai)(zai)五官水上激戰(zhan),屈云(yun)戰(zhan)敗,慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)遵斬了(le)他,把他的(de)(de)士眾全部俘虜。
東晉咸康三年(337年)九(jiu)月,鎮軍左(zuo)長史封弈(yi)等人認為(wei)(wei)慕容皝(huang)責任重(zhong)而權(quan)位(wei)輕,應稱燕王,慕容皝(huang)采納(na)。于是(shi)設置各(ge)個官署,任封弈(yi)為(wei)(wei)國相(xiang),韓壽為(wei)(wei)司馬,裴開為(wei)(wei)奉常、陽(yang)騖為(wei)(wei)司隸(li)、王寓為(wei)(wei)太(tai)仆、李洪為(wei)(wei)大理、杜(du)群為(wei)(wei)納(na)言令、宋該(gai)、劉瞻(zhan)、石琮為(wei)(wei)常伯、皇甫真、陽(yang)協為(wei)(wei)冗(rong)騎常侍、宋晃、平熙、張(zhang)泓為(wei)(wei)將軍,封裕(yu)為(wei)(wei)記室(shi)監。
同年(nian)十月(yue),慕容皝(huang)即燕王位,史(shi)稱前燕,并實(shi)行大赦。修建文(wen)昌殿,乘坐(zuo)以黃金為飾的根車,用六匹馬駕車,出(chu)入要清(qing)道警戒。十一(yi)月(yue),追尊(zun)父親武(wu)宣(xuan)公慕容廆為武(wu)宣(xuan)王,母親段(duan)(duan)氏稱為武(wu)宣(xuan)后。又立(li)自己的夫人段(duan)(duan)氏為王后,冊立(li)世子慕容儁為王太子,一(yi)切如同魏武(wu)帝曹操、晉文(wen)帝司馬昭(zhao)輔政時一(yi)樣。
東晉(jin)咸康三年(nian)(337年(nian)),慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝因段(duan)遼常成為邊境(jing)的禍(huo)患,派揚烈將(jiang)軍(jun)宋(song)回向(xiang)后(hou)趙石(shi)虎稱臣,請求(qiu)出兵討伐段(duan)遼。自(zi)言將(jiang)率領國內所有士眾會同討伐,并(bing)讓自(zi)己的兄弟(di)寧遠將(jiang)軍(jun)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)汗到后(hou)趙當人(ren)質(zhi)。后(hou)趙王石(shi)虎大為喜悅,盛(sheng)情撫尉、酬答,謝絕慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)汗為人(ren)質(zhi),遣送(song)他(ta)返回,與慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝秘密(mi)約(yue)定第二(er)年(nian)會合。
東晉咸康(kang)四年(338年),石(shi)(shi)虎(hu)率士卒而(er)(er)至(zhi)。慕容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)率諸軍(jun)攻打段(duan)(duan)(duan)遼(liao)(liao)的令支以北諸城(cheng),段(duan)(duan)(duan)遼(liao)(liao)派部(bu)將(jiang)段(duan)(duan)(duan)蘭(lan)抵抗,雙方(fang)大戰,段(duan)(duan)(duan)蘭(lan)戰敗,慕容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)軍(jun)隊(dui)斬(zhan)殺敵人首級數千(qian),擄(lu)掠(lve)五千(qian)余戶而(er)(er)回。石(shi)(shi)虎(hu)到了徐(xu)無,段(duan)(duan)(duan)遼(liao)(liao)逃(tao)往密(mi)云山(shan)。石(shi)(shi)虎(hu)進入令支,因慕容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)不來(lai)會(hui)師而(er)(er)發怒,進軍(jun)攻打,直至(zhi)棘城(cheng),數十(shi)萬軍(jun)士四面進攻,慕容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)所(suo)轄郡(jun)縣各部(bu)有三十(shi)六城(cheng)反叛慕容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)而(er)(er)歸順石(shi)(shi)虎(hu)。雙方(fang)相持(chi)十(shi)多天,諸將(jiang)勸慕容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)投降(jiang)(jiang)。慕容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)說:“我剛取得天下(xia),怎能投降(jiang)(jiang)呢(ni)!”派其子(zi)慕容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)恪等帶領二千(qian)騎兵(bing)(bing),清(qing)晨出城(cheng)攻擊圍(wei)城(cheng)部(bu)隊(dui)。石(shi)(shi)虎(hu)諸軍(jun)驚恐混亂,丟鑒棄甲而(er)(er)逃(tao)。慕容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)恪乘勝追擊,斬(zhan)殺俘獲三萬余人,筑凡城(cheng)(今遼(liao)(liao)寧省(sheng)喀左縣)設下(xia)防守而(er)(er)還(huan)。段(duan)(duan)(duan)遼(liao)(liao)派使(shi)者(zhe)向石(shi)(shi)虎(hu)詐稱(cheng)投降(jiang)(jiang),請求出兵(bing)(bing)接應。石(shi)(shi)虎(hu)派將(jiang)領麻秋率眾迎接段(duan)(duan)(duan)遼(liao)(liao),慕容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)恪在密(mi)云山(shan)埋(mai)伏了七千(qian)精銳的騎兵(bing)(bing),大敗敵軍(jun),擒獲司馬陽裕、將(jiang)軍(jun)鮮(xian)于亮,裹挾段(duan)(duan)(duan)遼(liao)(liao)及(ji)其部(bu)眾返回。
晉成(cheng)(cheng)帝又(you)派(pai)使者來進封(feng)慕容皝為(wei)征北大將軍、幽州牧(mu),兼(jian)平州刺史,加散騎常侍(shi),增加一萬戶食邑,持節(jie)、都(dou)督、單于、公爵位依(yi)舊(jiu)。慕容皝前軍帥慕容評在遼西打(da)敗了石(shi)虎將石(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)等,斬殺(sha)(sha)將領呼延晃、張支,劫掠(lve)一千(qian)余戶而歸。段遼陰謀反叛,慕容皝將其(qi)誅殺(sha)(sha)。咸康五年(339年),石(shi)虎又(you)派(pai)石(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)入侵攻(gong)(gong)(gong)打(da)凡(fan)城,未能(neng)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)克(ke),進兵(bing)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)陷廣城。
東晉(jin)咸康(kang)六年(340年),慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝(huang)因自(zi)稱(cheng)(cheng)燕王未受(shou)東晉(jin)朝命,派(pai)長史(shi)劉翔向建康(kang)獻捷,兼(jian)求假(jia)燕王璽綬,又請(qing)大(da)舉出(chu)兵(bing)平定中原。不過(guo)當(dang)時朝廷議論未肯容(rong)(rong)讓慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝(huang)稱(cheng)(cheng)王。此時慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝(huang)得知庾(yu)(yu)亮去世(shi),其(qi)弟庾(yu)(yu)冰及(ji)庾(yu)(yu)翼分掌朝廷中樞及(ji)荊州要地,于是上書(shu)(shu)要晉(jin)成(cheng)帝以史(shi)為鑒,親近賢達,不要親信(xin)外戚。又寫信(xin)給庾(yu)(yu)冰,指責他掌握朝權,卻未能(neng)為國(guo)雪恥,只“安(an)枕(zhen)逍遙,雅(ya)談卒(zu)歲”。庾(yu)(yu)冰知道慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝(huang)的上表和書(shu)(shu)信(xin)后十(shi)分恐懼,自(zi)以道遠而(er)不能(neng)控制他,于是奏請(qing)順應(ying)慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝(huang)的請(qing)求。慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝(huang)被東晉(jin)封為使持(chi)節、大(da)將軍、都(dou)督河北(bei)諸軍事、幽州牧、大(da)單于,燕王。
同(tong)年(nian)(nian)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)伐高(gao)句麗,高(gao)句麗王(wang)(wang)高(gao)釗請求結盟而(er)還。第二年(nian)(nian),高(gao)釗派遣(qian)其世(shi)子(zi)朝拜慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)。當初,段遼失敗時,建威(wei)將軍慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)翰(han)投奔了宇文逸(yi)豆歸(gui),自認為一貫(guan)以(yi)(yi)威(wei)武名揚四方,卻終未保全,便(bian)佯(yang)裝(zhuang)瘋(feng)癲,放縱飲(yin)酒,披頭散發(fa)長歌短呼(hu)。宇文逸(yi)豆歸(gui)因信任他而(er)不(bu)加禁止,所以(yi)(yi)他得以(yi)(yi)自由周游,以(yi)(yi)至于山川(chuan)地形,攻戰要路,無不(bu)熟(shu)悉于心(xin)。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)派商人王(wang)(wang)車(che)(che)暗中觀察慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)翰(han),慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)翰(han)見(jian)到(dao)王(wang)(wang)車(che)(che)后默默無言,只(zhi)是撫拍胸脯。王(wang)(wang)車(che)(che)回(hui)來(lai)把這些(xie)情(qing)況報(bao)告給慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝(huang),慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)說:“慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)翰(han)想到(dao)我們這里來(lai)啊。”就派王(wang)(wang)車(che)(che)給慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)翰(han)送去弓(gong)矢,慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)翰(han)盜得宇文逸(yi)豆歸(gui)的(de)駿馬,帶(dai)著他的(de)兩(liang)個兒子(zi)逃了回(hui)來(lai)。
慕容皝(huang)(huang)將(jiang)攻取后趙,冷(leng)靜地(di)對各位將(jiang)領說:“石虎自認為樂安諸城(cheng)(cheng)防守嚴密,城(cheng)(cheng)之南北必(bi)不設防,如果(guo)出其不意從小路出擊,冀(ji)州北部(bu)土地(di)可以全部(bu)攻占(zhan)。”于是率領二萬(wan)(wan)騎兵(bing)出蠮(ye)螉鐘,長驅到達薊城(cheng)(cheng),進兵(bing)渡過武遂(sui)津,進入(ru)高(gao)陽,所過之處焚燒財物(wu),劫掠遷徙幽、冀(ji)三萬(wan)(wan)余戶。慕容皝(huang)(huang)又派陽裕、唐柱等(deng)人(ren)修筑(zhu)龍城(cheng)(cheng),建造宮廟,改(gai)柳城(cheng)(cheng)為龍城(cheng)(cheng)縣。此(ci)時晉成帝司(si)馬衍(yan)派兼大鴻(hong)臚郭希(xi)持節(jie)授慕容皝(huang)(huang)為侍中、大都督河(he)北諸軍(jun)(jun)事、大將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)、燕(yan)王(wang),其余官職如故。分封功臣百余人(ren)。
東晉咸康七年(341年),慕(mu)容皝遷都(dou)龍城(今遼寧(ning)省朝陽(yang)市)。率領(ling)四萬(wan)精兵強將,自(zi)南陜而入討伐宇文部、高句(ju)麗(li),又派(pai)慕(mu)容翰及其(qi)子慕(mu)容垂擔任(ren)前(qian)鋒,派(pai)長史王(wang)寓等統領(ling)一萬(wan)五千(qian)士眾,從(cong)北置而進。
高(gao)句(ju)麗王高(gao)釗(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)以為慕(mu)容皝(huang)軍從北(bei)路進犯(fan),便(bian)派其(qi)弟高(gao)武統(tong)率五萬精兵(bing)在(zai)北(bei)置抵抗,自己(ji)帶著弱(ruo)卒防(fang)守(shou)南(nan)陜。慕(mu)容翰與高(gao)釗(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)在(zai)木底交戰,大(da)敗高(gao)釗(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)軍,乘勝攻(gong)入高(gao)句(ju)麗都城丸都,高(gao)釗(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)單槍(qiang)匹馬(ma)而(er)逃(tao)。慕(mu)容皝(huang)掘開高(gao)釗(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)父親(qin)高(gao)乙弗利的(de)墓穴,用車載著尸體及(ji)其(qi)母妻和珍(zhen)寶,劫掠(lve)了五萬余男女百(bai)姓(xing),焚燒掉(diao)高(gao)釗(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)宮室,毀滅(mie)了丸都而(er)歸。
第二年(342年),高釗派(pai)遣(qian)使(shi)者向慕容(rong)皝稱臣,貢獻地方特產(chan)等各(ge)類財(cai)物,慕容(rong)皝才把(ba)他(ta)父親的尸體(ti)歸還給他(ta)。
宇(yu)文(wen)逸豆(dou)歸派遣國相莫(mo)淺(qian)渾(hun)討伐慕(mu)容皝(huang)(huang),諸將請求應戰,慕(mu)容皝(huang)(huang)不(bu)答(da)應。莫(mo)淺(qian)渾(hun)以為(wei)慕(mu)容皝(huang)(huang)害怕自己(ji),便沉溺在縱(zong)酒(jiu)田(tian)獵之(zhi)中,不(bu)再設(she)防。慕(mu)容皝(huang)(huang)說(shuo):“莫(mo)淺(qian)渾(hun)奢侈(chi)怠惰已到了極點(dian),現(xian)在我們(men)可以一戰了。”派慕(mu)容翰(han)(han)帶領騎兵進擊(ji),莫(mo)淺(qian)渾(hun)大(da)敗,僥幸只身(shen)脫逃,慕(mu)容翰(han)(han)全(quan)部(bu)俘虜了他的士卒(zu)。慕(mu)容皝(huang)(huang)巡視郡縣,勸勉考核農事,建起龍城宮闕。
建元二年(344年),慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)又率(lv)領二萬騎兵討(tao)伐宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)逸(yi)豆(dou)歸(gui)(gui),以慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)翰(han)(han)及慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)垂(chui)作為(wei)前(qian)鋒(feng)。宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)逸(yi)豆(dou)歸(gui)(gui)指(zhi)使他的騎兵將領涉(she)(she)奕(yi)(yi)于帶(dai)領全部人(ren)馬(ma)抵擋慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)翰(han)(han),慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)速派人(ren)對慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)翰(han)(han)說:“涉(she)(she)奕(yi)(yi)于勇武(wu)強悍,應該稍(shao)稍(shao)回避(bi),等(deng)到他們(men)滋長了驕氣,然后攻(gong)克他們(men)。”慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)翰(han)(han)說:“宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)逸(yi)豆(dou)歸(gui)(gui)的精(jing)銳部隊,全部在此,現在如果戰(zhan)勝他們(men),我們(men)可以不費(fei)兵力就滅掉宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)部。涉(she)(she)奕(yi)(yi)于徒有(you)(you)虛(xu)名,其實容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)易攻(gong)取(qu),不應放縱敵人(ren)而(er)挫(cuo)傷我們(men)士兵的銳氣。”于是前(qian)行(xing)交(jiao)戰(zhan),斬了涉(she)(she)奕(yi)(yi)于,全部俘虜他的士兵,宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)逸(yi)豆(dou)歸(gui)(gui)遠逃(tao)大漠以北。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)得到千余里土地(di),把他的部人(ren)五萬余戶遷(qian)徙到昌黎(li),改涉(she)(she)奕(yi)(yi)于城為(wei)威德(de)城。舉行(xing)祭告宗(zong)廟(miao)并(bing)飲酒慶功(gong)的典(dian)禮(li),論(lun)功(gong)行(xing)賞各有(you)(you)等(deng)級。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)把牧牛分(fen)給貧(pin)苦(ku)人(ren)家(jia),在皇家(jia)園林中耕(geng)作,公(gong)家(jia)收(shou)(shou)取(qu)其八分(fen),其余的二分(fen)收(shou)(shou)成(cheng)歸(gui)(gui)私家(jia)所(suo)有(you)(you)。有(you)(you)牛而(er)無地(di)的人(ren)家(jia),也在苑(yuan)中耕(geng)作,公(gong)家(jia)收(shou)(shou)取(qu)七成(cheng),三成(cheng)歸(gui)(gui)于私家(jia)。
東(dong)晉永(yong)和(he)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(345年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),慕容(rong)皝令其子慕容(rong)恪攻(gong)高句麗的南蘇,攻(gong)克(ke)南蘇,設守所而返回。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),慕容(rong)皝以(yi)“古者諸(zhu)侯即位,各稱元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)”為由(you),停(ting)用(yong)東(dong)晉年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)號,自稱“十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)”。永(yong)和(he)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(347年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),慕容(rong)皝派其世(shi)子慕容(rong)儁與(yu)慕容(rong)恪帶(dai)領一萬(wan)七千名騎(qi)兵(bing)東(dong)襲(xi)夫(fu)余(yu)(yu)(yu),將其攻(gong)克(ke),俘虜了夫(fu)余(yu)(yu)(yu)王(wang)及其部(bu)眾五萬(wan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)口而返回。
慕容皝親臨東庠考核學生,精通(tong)經籍成績優(you)異(yi)的人(ren),提拔他們補充近侍(shi)。因長期干旱,免除(chu)百姓田租。取消成周、冀陽、營(ying)丘(qiu)等郡。以勃海(hai)人(ren)設(she)興(xing)集縣(xian),河(he)間(jian)人(ren)設(she)寧集縣(xian),廣平、魏郡人(ren)設(she)興(xing)平縣(xian),東萊、北海(hai)人(ren)設(she)育黎(li)縣(xian),吳人(ren)設(she)吳縣(xian),都隸屬燕國(guo)。
東晉(jin)永(yong)和四年(nian)(348年(nian))九(jiu)月,慕(mu)容(rong)皝在西部邊(bian)境(jing)狩獵,看見一只白兔,馳馬(ma)射箭,馬(ma)倒人傷(shang)。慕(mu)容(rong)皝乘輦(nian)車回宮,召見慕(mu)容(rong)儁(jun)等(deng)托付后事,不(bu)久慕(mu)容(rong)皝去世,共在位(wei)十(shi)五年(nian),時年(nian)五十(shi)二歲(sui),謚號文明王(wang)。其子慕(mu)容(rong)儁(jun)稱帝后,追謚慕(mu)容(rong)皝為文明皇帝,廟號太祖(zu),葬于(yu)龍平陵(ling)。
慕(mu)容皝可以(yi)稱得(de)上是(shi)位(wei)有雄才大略的(de)政治家(jia)和能攻善戰的(de)軍事家(jia)。他(ta)不(bu)斷的(de)攻城掠地,統一(yi)北(bei)方,并不(bu)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)偏安一(yi)隅,而是(shi)為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)入主中原,圖謀霸權。東(dong)(dong)晉(jin)(jin)咸康三年(337年),慕(mu)容皝派劉(liu)翔到建康,請東(dong)(dong)晉(jin)(jin)朝(chao)廷加封他(ta)為(wei)(wei)燕王,并邀晉(jin)(jin)兵(bing)北(bei)上夾攻后趙(zhao)石虎。不(bu)久,東(dong)(dong)晉(jin)(jin)朝(chao)廷封慕(mu)容皝為(wei)(wei)燕王、大單于。雄心勃勃、手握(wo)重兵(bing)的(de)慕(mu)容皝暫時(shi)接受(shou)了(le)(le)(le)東(dong)(dong)晉(jin)(jin)王朝(chao)的(de)封號,并以(yi)燕為(wei)(wei)國號,拜(bai)封奕為(wei)(wei)相國,韓壽為(wei)(wei)司馬,劉(liu)翔為(wei)(wei)長史。
咸康七年(341年),因“柳城(cheng)之北(bei),龍山之西,福地也,乃建龍城(cheng)”,并于翌(yi)年從大棘(ji)城(cheng)遷(qian)都(dou)于龍城(cheng)。慕(mu)容(rong)皝聯合后趙石虎討伐另一(yi)支(zhi)鮮(xian)卑(bei)部(bu)族段(duan)遼氏(shi)(shi)。段(duan)遼氏(shi)(shi)覆(fu)滅后,后趙石虎前(qian)來攻打慕(mu)容(rong)氏(shi)(shi),慕(mu)容(rong)皝奮力反(fan)擊,率大將慕(mu)容(rong)恪、慕(mu)容(rong)根大破后趙石虎軍,斬首(shou)(shou)三(san)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)余,從而(er)(er)為(wei)他(ta)統一(yi)鮮(xian)卑(bei)各部(bu)奠(dian)定(ding)了基礎。慕(mu)容(rong)皝又任(ren)命慕(mu)容(rong)翰為(wei)先(xian)鋒(feng),他(ta)自統三(san)軍,首(shou)(shou)先(xian)出兵高(gao)(gao)句(ju)(ju)(ju)麗,避(bi)實(shi)就(jiu)虛,從高(gao)(gao)句(ju)(ju)(ju)麗防守薄(bo)弱的(de)南(nan)道出擊,直搗(dao)高(gao)(gao)句(ju)(ju)(ju)麗國府丸都(dou)城(cheng)(今吉林(lin)集安),打得(de)高(gao)(gao)句(ju)(ju)(ju)麗王措(cuo)手(shou)不及(ji)。燕軍搶掠(lve)民眾五(wu)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)余人,焚毀丸都(dou),得(de)勝(sheng)而(er)(er)回(hui)。高(gao)(gao)句(ju)(ju)(ju)麗始臣服于燕。接著慕(mu)容(rong)皝仍以慕(mu)容(rong)翰為(wei)先(xian)鋒(feng)揮(hui)師北(bei)上,直搗(dao)鮮(xian)卑(bei)宇文(wen)氏(shi)(shi)都(dou)城(cheng),把那里的(de)畜(chu)產資貨劫掠(lve)一(yi)空,并遷(qian)宇文(wen)部(bu)民眾五(wu)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)余人到(dao)昌黎(li)定(ding)居。從此慕(mu)容(rong)皝把鮮(xian)卑(bei)各部(bu)牢牢掌握在手(shou)中,鮮(xian)卑(bei)各部(bu)首(shou)(shou)領都(dou)聽命于慕(mu)容(rong)氏(shi)(shi),成為(wei)慕(mu)容(rong)氏(shi)(shi)的(de)部(bu)屬。
慕容皝注重農桑,發展經濟(ji),下令所有移民和流民都實行屯田,由國家發給耕牛(niu),鼓勵(li)農民耕田,并輕徭薄賦,使農民得以(yi)休養生息。短短十(shi)幾年時間(jian),前燕的經濟(ji)得到了長足的發展。
慕容皝賜大臣子弟中(zhong)為官學生的(de)(de)稱高(gao)門生,在舊(jiu)宮建立東庠(xiang),用以舉行射(she)箭飲酒的(de)(de)禮(li)儀(yi)。每(mei)月親臨(lin)視察(cha),考察(cha)優(you)劣。慕容皝非常喜(xi)愛文籍,勤于講授,學徒甚眾,達(da)一千(qian)余(yu)人。親自撰《太上章》以取代《急就》,又著(zhu)《典誡》十(shi)五篇,教(jiao)授貴族(zu)子弟。
陽裕:“皝令德之主。”
房玄齡《晉書》:①“元(yuan)真體貌不(bu)(bu)恒,暗符天表,沈(shen)毅自處(chu),頗懷奇略。于時群雄角立(li),爭奪在辰,顯宗(zong)主祭于沖年,庾亮竊政于元(yuan)舅,朝綱(gang)不(bu)(bu)振,天步(bu)孔艱,遂得據已成之資(zi),乘土崩(beng)之會(hui)。揚兵南矛騖,則烏丸(wan)卷甲;建旆(pei)東(dong)征,則宇文摧陣。乃負險自固,恃勝(sheng)而驕,端拱稱王,不(bu)(bu)待(dai)朝命(ming),昔鄭武職居三事,爵不(bu)(bu)改伯;齊(qi)桓績宣九合,位(wei)止為侯。瞻曩烈而功微,征前經(jing)而禮(li)縟,溪壑(he)難滿,此之謂乎?”;②“龍顏版(ban)齒,身長七尺八寸。雄毅多權略,尚經(jing)學,善(shan)天文。”
龍(long)(long)(long)(long)山(shan)出現(xian)白龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、黑龍(long)(long)(long)(long)各(ge)一條,慕(mu)容皝親自(zi)率(lv)領(ling)群僚去觀賞,在距離(li)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)二百余步的地方(fang),用太牢祭祀。二龍(long)(long)(long)(long)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)首相交,嬉戲飛翔(xiang),脫(tuo)角而去。慕(mu)容皝十分(fen)高興,返回宮(gong)內,赦免境內囚犯,把新宮(gong)命(ming)名(ming)為和龍(long)(long)(long)(long)宮(gong),在山(shan)上(shang)建起龍(long)(long)(long)(long)翔(xiang)佛寺(si)。
永和四年(nian)(nian)(348年(nian)(nian)),慕(mu)容皝在西部邊境狩獵(lie),將要(yao)渡河(he)(he)時,見(jian)到一(yi)位(wei)老者,身著(zhu)紅衣,騎著(zhu)白馬,舉手向慕(mu)容皝揮動說:“這里不是打獵(lie)的場所,王還是回去吧(ba)。”慕(mu)容皝對這件事密而不宣,于(yu)(yu)是渡河(he)(he),連日(ri)獵(lie)獲極多。后來(lai)見(jian)到一(yi)只白兔,馳馬射箭,馬倒人(ren)傷,慕(mu)容皝才說出見(jian)到老者一(yi)事。于(yu)(yu)是乘(cheng)輦車回宮(gong),不久慕(mu)容皝便(bian)去世了。
父母
父親:前燕(yan)武宣帝慕(mu)容(rong)廆(hui)。
母親:段夫人。
同輩
哥哥
慕容(rong)翰,慕容(rong)皝異母(mu)兄(xiong)。
弟弟
慕容仁,慕容皝(huang)同母弟。
慕容昭,慕容皝同母(mu)弟(di)。
慕(mu)容幼,慕(mu)容皝異母弟(di)。
慕容稚,慕容皝(huang)異母弟。
慕(mu)容(rong)軍,慕(mu)容(rong)皝異母弟(di)。
慕容汗(han),慕容皝異母弟。
慕容評。
慕容彪。
妹妹
慕容氏,北魏昭(zhao)成(cheng)帝拓跋什翼犍妃(fei)子。
后妃
段皇后。
高氏。
蘭淑儀。
公孫夫人。
子女
兒子
慕容交。
慕容(rong)儁,慕容(rong)皝次(ci)子,前(qian)燕景(jing)明帝。
慕(mu)容(rong)遵(慕(mu)容(rong)逮),封臨賀王。
慕容恪,慕容皝四子,封(feng)太原王。
慕(mu)容(rong)垂(慕(mu)容(rong)霸),慕(mu)容(rong)皝五子,后(hou)燕(yan)武成帝(di)。
慕(mu)容友,封范陽王。
慕容厲,封下(xia)邳王。
慕容度,封樂(le)浪王。
慕(mu)容宜(yi),封廬江王(wang)。
慕容桓,封宜(yi)都王。
慕容徽,封(feng)河間王。
慕(mu)容龍,封歷陽王。
慕容納,封北(bei)海王。
慕容(rong)秀,封蘭(lan)陵王。
慕容岳,封安豐王。
慕容德,南燕(yan)獻武(wu)帝。
慕(mu)容(rong)默,封始安公。
慕(mu)容僂(lou),封南康(kang)公。
慕容宇。
慕容(rong)宙,封章武王。
女兒
昭成皇(huang)后(hou)慕容氏,北魏(wei)昭成帝拓(tuo)跋什翼(yi)犍的皇(huang)后(hou),生北魏(wei)獻明帝拓(tuo)跋寔、秦明王拓(tuo)跋翰。
《十六國春(chun)秋·卷三·前燕(yan)錄》
《晉書·卷一(yi)百(bai)九·載(zai)記第(di)九》