“咸(xian)(xian)(xian)豐”是(shi)清文宗的(de)(de)年號(hao)，咸(xian)(xian)(xian)豐年間正值太平(ping)天國革命運動(dong)的(de)(de)高潮時期。此(ci)時民怨沸(fei)騰，清政府(fu)為(wei)了茍延殘喘，在錢幣鑄行上大做文章，將財政危機轉嫁到老百姓身上。相繼(ji)推出“咸(xian)(xian)(xian)豐通寶”、“咸(xian)(xian)(xian)豐重寶”、“咸(xian)(xian)(xian)豐元寶”種類繁(fan)多的(de)(de)錢幣。
咸豐元年首先準備開鑄“咸豐通寶(bao)”制錢(qian)(qian)。由于(yu)鴉片戰(zhan)爭、列強的(de)(de)掠奪(duo)和太(tai)平天國革命(ming)運動的(de)(de)發(fa)生，錢(qian)(qian)局鑄造制錢(qian)(qian)已(yi)很難正(zheng)常進行(xing)(xing)，很多(duo)省錢(qian)(qian)局實際上(shang)處于(yu)停頓狀(zhuang)態，即使開鑄，也是偷工(gong)減(jian)料。因而造成咸豐通寶(bao)制錢(qian)(qian)精(jing)好(hao)者少，而粗制濫造的(de)(de)多(duo)，大都(dou)質劣而輕小，或(huo)造成鐵錢(qian)(qian)、鉛錢(qian)(qian)代替(ti)銅錢(qian)(qian)。咸豐元年時，規(gui)定錢(qian)(qian)重一(yi)錢(qian)(qian)二分，至第二年，變為一(yi)錢(qian)(qian)，但(dan)具體鑄行(xing)(xing)大多(duo)輕于(yu)規(gui)定重量。
面文“咸豐通寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)”，大多楷書(shu)直讀，背(bei)左滿文“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)”，右滿文記局，計有(you)：“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)泉、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)源、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)直、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)薊、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)德、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)河(he)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)濟、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)晉、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)陜(shan)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)鞏、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)蘇(su)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)浙局、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)昌、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)福(fu)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)臺、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)武、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)南、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)廣、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)桂、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)川、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)云、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)東、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)州(zhou)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)黔、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)伊、阿克蘇(su)、喀什噶爾、葉兒羌、庫車”共29局。
在太(tai)平軍(jun)連捷，各(ge)地反清(qing)(qing)起義風起云涌(yong)下(xia)，清(qing)(qing)軍(jun)疲于(yu)奔命，清(qing)(qing)廷驚(jing)慌失措。這(zhe)時，清(qing)(qing)朝的(de)(de)軍(jun)費開(kai)(kai)支大(da)(da)增，而(er)稅額收入大(da)(da)減，再加上鴉(ya)片戰爭的(de)(de)影響，導(dao)致財(cai)政拮(jie)據，為了籌款繼續鎮壓太(tai)平軍(jun)，緩解財(cai)政危機，于(yu)咸豐(feng)三年(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)1853年(nian)(nian)）清(qing)(qing)廷被迫(po)鼓鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)大(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。《大(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)圖錄》說：“咸豐(feng)三年(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)1853年(nian)(nian)），軍(jun)務日滋(zi)，清(qing)(qing)餉不(bu)能繼，壽陽相國權(quan)戶部(bu)議，請鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)當(dang)(dang)十(shi)大(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，兼增鐵冶以供度支。旋推及(ji)當(dang)(dang)五十(shi)，當(dang)(dang)百(bai)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。巡防王大(da)(da)臣續請鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)當(dang)(dang)五百(bai)，當(dang)(dang)千兩(liang)種。”說明咸豐(feng)大(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)是在迫(po)不(bu)行(xing)(xing)已的(de)(de)情況下(xia)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)。“咸豐(feng)重(zhong)寶”始鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)當(dang)(dang)十(shi)大(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，繼而(er)又開(kai)(kai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)當(dang)(dang)五十(shi)、當(dang)(dang)百(bai)和(he)當(dang)(dang)百(bai)以上，并令全國各(ge)省迅速鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造推行(xing)(xing)。“咸豐(feng)重(zhong)寶”鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)(xing)情況十(shi)分混(hun)亂(luan)復(fu)雜，當(dang)(dang)值等(deng)次，大(da)(da)小輕(qing)重(zhong)，鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造材(cai)質，鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造工藝，文(wen)字書體，錢(qian)(qian)(qian)文(wen)等(deng)，在各(ge)局(ju)甚至在同一局(ju)監(jian)內鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造時，都差異(yi)很大(da)(da)，以至有當(dang)(dang)值大(da)(da)小和(he)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)體大(da)(da)小輕(qing)重(zhong)倒置的(de)(de)，此外還有鐵錢(qian)(qian)(qian)和(he)鉛錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。
咸(xian)豐(feng)通(tong)寶(bao)以小平(ping)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)為主，也有(you)大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，這里(li)之(zhi)列部分少見(jian)、稀見(jian)者(zhe)及其收藏價(jia)(jia)值，寶(bao)泉小平(ping)母(mu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，市場(chang)(chang)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)在(zai)3000元(yuan)(yuan)左右(you)(you)(you)，戴(dai)書、楷書鐵母(mu)，價(jia)(jia)格(ge)在(zai)1萬元(yuan)(yuan)左右(you)(you)(you)，寶(bao)源小平(ping)母(mu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)、鐵母(mu)，市場(chang)(chang)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)在(zai)3000元(yuan)(yuan)左右(you)(you)(you)，雕母(mu)罕見(jian)，地方(fang)局(ju)(ju)母(mu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)價(jia)(jia)值一般高于中(zhong)央局(ju)(ju)，另有(you)地方(fang)局(ju)(ju)部頒樣(yang)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，價(jia)(jia)格(ge)在(zai)6000元(yuan)(yuan)左右(you)(you)(you)，寶(bao)福(fu)局(ju)(ju)當十至當百(bai)仍有(you)稱通(tong)寶(bao)者(zhe)，其中(zhong)最(zui)珍稀的為咸(xian)豐(feng)通(tong)寶(bao)背(bei)大(da)清壹(yi)百(bai)大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，僅見(jian)，2009年嘉德秋(qiu)拍成(cheng)交價(jia)(jia)格(ge)196萬元(yuan)(yuan)，至今仍為清錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)最(zui)高成(cheng)交記(ji)錄(lu)，寶(bao)濟(ji)局(ju)(ju)小平(ping)稀見(jian)，價(jia)(jia)格(ge)在(zai)6000元(yuan)(yuan)左右(you)(you)(you)，寶(bao)薊局(ju)(ju)小平(ping)罕見(jian)。
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