宇(yu)文(wen)憲(545年(nian)—578年(nian)8月(yue)16日),字(zi)毗賀突,代(dai)郡武川(今內(nei)蒙古(gu)武川西(xi))人,鮮卑族,北周(zhou)(zhou)文(wen)帝(di)宇(yu)文(wen)泰(tai)之子,母(mu)為宇(yu)文(wen)泰(tai)妃(fei)達步(bu)干氏。周(zhou)(zhou)孝閔帝(di)、周(zhou)(zhou)明帝(di)、周(zhou)(zhou)武帝(di)異母(mu)弟。
宇文(wen)憲(xian)初封(feng)涪城縣公(gong),后(hou)晉封(feng)安(an)城郡公(gong)。孝(xiao)閔帝即位,授任驃騎(qi)大(da)(da)將(jiang)軍(jun)、開府儀同(tong)三司。明帝即位,授任大(da)(da)將(jiang)軍(jun)。武成初年(nian)(nian),任益州(zhou)(zhou)總管兼(jian)益、寧(ning)、巴、瀘等二十四州(zhou)(zhou)諸軍(jun)事及益州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史,晉封(feng)齊國(guo)公(gong),食(shi)邑一萬戶。十六歲(sui)時,鎮(zhen)服蜀地,蜀人(ren)感(gan)激他(ta)共同(tong)立碑,稱(cheng)頌其(qi)功德(de)。保定年(nian)(nian)間(jian),征(zheng)召回京(jing),任雍(yong)州(zhou)(zhou)牧(mu)。其(qi)后(hou)多(duo)次擊敗北齊軍(jun)。建德(de)六年(nian)(nian)(577年(nian)(nian)),北周滅亡北齊,宇文(wen)憲(xian)發揮了很大(da)(da)作用。宇文(wen)憲(xian)善計謀,多(duo)策略,尤擅安(an)撫駕馭(yu)部屬(shu),知人(ren)善任,沖鋒(feng)陷陣,身(shen)先(xian)士卒,部眾對他(ta)心悅誠服,都愿為他(ta)效力。建德(de)六年(nian)(nian)(577年(nian)(nian))滅亡北齊后(hou),宇文(wen)憲(xian)自(zi)感(gan)威名日大(da)(da),就暗自(zi)隱退。
建德七年(578年)五月,周武帝(di)死后(hou),即(ji)位的(de)周宣(xuan)帝(di)認(ren)為齊王宇(yu)文憲身為皇(huang)叔,輩分高而名望大,對他十(shi)分忌(ji)恨,宣(xuan)政元年(578年)將其殺害(hai),時年三十(shi)五歲,謚號齊煬王。
西魏(wei)大(da)統十一年(545年),宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲出生,字毗賀突,代(dai)郡武(wu)川(今內蒙古武(wu)川西)人,北周(zhou)文(wen)(wen)(wen)帝宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)泰第五子,北周(zhou)孝閔帝宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)覺、明帝宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)毓、武(wu)帝宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)邕的異(yi)母弟,母為達步(bu)干(gan)氏。
宇文憲性格通達機敏,有氣量(liang),雖在幼年(nian),而神色嚴峻。初封涪(fu)城(cheng)縣公。少年(nian)時與宇文邕一起學習《詩經》、《春(chun)秋(qiu)》,都能綜合要點,得其旨(zhi)意。
西魏恭帝(di)元年(nian)(554年(nian)),晉(jin)封安城郡公(gong)。北周孝閔帝(di)宇文覺即(ji)位后(hou),授開府儀同三司。周明帝(di)宇文毓即(ji)位,授任(ren)大將軍。武成(559年(nian)—560年(nian))初年(nian),被任(ren)命(ming)為益(yi)(yi)州(zhou)總管、都督益(yi)(yi)寧巴瀘等二十四州(zhou)諸(zhu)軍事、益(yi)(yi)州(zhou)刺(ci)史,晉(jin)封齊(qi)國公(gong),食邑一萬戶。
當(dang)(dang)初,在平定(ding)蜀地(di)之后,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)泰(tai)(tai)認為那里形勢險要,不(bu)(bu)愿讓老將去(qu)鎮(zhen)守,想在兒子(zi)們(men)中(zhong)挑選人(ren)選。遍問宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)邕(yong)以(yi)下,誰能(neng)當(dang)(dang)此(ci)重任。大(da)(da)家(jia)還沒有來(lai)得及回(hui)答,而(er)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)首先請命。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)泰(tai)(tai)說:“刺史(shi)應(ying)當(dang)(dang)安(an)撫部眾(zhong),治理百(bai)姓,不(bu)(bu)是(shi)你所(suo)能(neng)干的(de)。按年齡授官(guan),應(ying)當(dang)(dang)先輪著你的(de)哥哥們(men)。”宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)答道:“才能(neng)有所(suo)不(bu)(bu)同(tong),而(er)與年齡大(da)(da)小(xiao)無(wu)關。如果(guo)試(shi)而(er)無(wu)效,甘(gan)心(xin)當(dang)(dang)面受(shou)責備。”宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)泰(tai)(tai)十分高(gao)興,但由于宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)年齡還小(xiao),沒有派他。到這(zhe)時(shi)明帝遵(zun)照宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)泰(tai)(tai)的(de)從前(qian)意思,所(suo)以(yi)讓宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)前(qian)往(wang)蜀地(di)任職。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)當(dang)(dang)時(shi)十六(liu)歲,善于安(an)撫駕(jia)馭部屬,留心(xin)治理之術(shu),訴訟集中(zhong)在一身,而(er)理政(zheng)不(bu)(bu)見(jian)疲倦。蜀人(ren)非(fei)常感激(ji)他,共同(tong)立碑(bei),稱頌(song)他的(de)功德。不(bu)(bu)久升(sheng)任柱國(guo)。
保定年間(jian)(561年—565年),宇文(wen)憲被征召回(hui)京,任(ren)雍州牧。晉(jin)公宇文(wen)護東(dong)伐(fa)北(bei)齊(qi)時,以(yi)尉遲迥為先(xian)鋒,包圍洛(luo)陽。宇文(wen)憲與(yu)(yu)達奚武、王(wang)雄等人(ren)屯兵邙山。其他(ta)各軍分守險要。北(bei)齊(qi)兵數萬人(ren),突(tu)然從北(bei)周軍后面殺出,各軍驚恐(kong),紛紛潰(kui)散。只有宇文(wen)憲與(yu)(yu)王(wang)雄、達奚武率兵抵擋。王(wang)雄被齊(qi)軍殺死,三(san)軍震(zhen)恐(kong)。宇文(wen)憲親自督(du)率激勵(li),軍心(xin)才安定下來。當(dang)時宇文(wen)護執掌大權,對他(ta)十分信任(ren),賞罰之事,都得以(yi)參與(yu)(yu)。
天和(he)三年(nian)(nian)(568年(nian)(nian)),任(ren)(ren)命宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)為大司馬,兼任(ren)(ren)小冢宰,仍擔任(ren)(ren)雍州牧。天和(he)四年(nian)(nian)(569年(nian)(nian)),北齊將領獨孤永業前來侵犯,強盜殺死孔城(cheng)防主(zhu)能奔(ben)達,據城(cheng)響應齊軍。詔(zhao)命宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)與柱國李(li)穆(mu)率兵(bing)從宜陽出(chu)發,修筑崇(chong)德等五(wu)城(cheng),切斷齊軍運糧通道。北齊將領斛律光率軍四萬,在(zai)洛水以南筑起營壘。天和(he)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(570年(nian)(nian)),宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)涉過洛水進攻(gong)齊軍,斛律光逃走。宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)追擊(ji)到(dao)安(an)業,多次交戰后才回(hui)來。
同年,斛律光親率大軍在汾水北(bei)岸修城,向(xiang)西直到(dao)龍門。宇文護對宇文憲說(shuo):“盜(dao)賊遍地,軍馬縱橫,使(shi)戰(zhan)場之上,百(bai)姓困苦。豈(qi)能(neng)坐視百(bai)姓被大肆殺戮,而(er)不想(xiang)法解救?你(ni)說(shuo)用什(shen)么計策?”宇文憲答道(dao):“依(yi)我(wo)看(kan),兄長(chang)應當(dang)暫且從(cong)同州出(chu)兵,以作(zuo)為(wei)威懾,我(wo)請求以精銳(rui)軍隊在前(qian),根據情況進攻。不僅邊境可以安寧,而(er)且能(neng)夠另有(you)所獲。”宇文護表示(shi)同意。
天和六年(571年),派宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)率兵二萬(wan),從龍門出發(fa)。北(bei)齊將(jiang)領(ling)新(xin)蔡王王康德由于(yu)(yu)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)兵到,連夜率軍悄悄逃(tao)跑(pao)。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)向(xiang)西(xi)返回。又掘開汾水(shui),使河水(shui)向(xiang)南(nan)淹沒齊軍營壘(lei),率軍重新(xin)進(jin)入北(bei)齊境(jing)內(nei)。齊人(ren)以(yi)為(wei)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)難以(yi)深入,就(jiu)(jiu)放松了邊防戒備。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)渡過(guo)(guo)黃河,進(jin)攻伏龍等四城(cheng)(cheng),兩天內(nei)全部占(zhan)領(ling)。又攻克張壁,繳獲其(qi)軍用物資,將(jiang)城(cheng)(cheng)壘(lei)平掉。當時斛律光在華(hua)谷,無(wu)法(fa)救援(yuan),就(jiu)(jiu)向(xiang)北(bei)攻占(zhan)了姚襄城(cheng)(cheng)。這時汾州已久被圍困(kun),運糧通(tong)道被截斷。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)派柱(zhu)國(guo)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)盛運粟接濟。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)自(zi)己(ji)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)兩乳谷,襲(xi)擊北(bei)齊的柏(bo)社(she)城(cheng)(cheng),將(jiang)其(qi)占(zhan)領(ling),又向(xiang)姚襄城(cheng)(cheng)推進(jin)。齊人(ren)據城(cheng)(cheng)死守。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)令柱(zhu)國(guo)、譚公宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)會(hui)修建石(shi)殿城(cheng)(cheng),作為(wei)汾州后援(yuan)。北(bei)齊平原王段韶(shao)、蘭陵王高長恭率大軍抵(di)達,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)命令將(jiang)士結陣以(yi)待。大將(jiang)軍韓歡被齊人(ren)偷襲(xi),部屬奔逃(tao),宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)親自(zi)督戰,齊軍稍退。天色(se)已晚,雙方各自(zi)收(shou)兵。
宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)護(hu)被處(chu)死以(yi)(yi)后(hou),周武帝(di)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)邕(yong)召宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)入(ru)朝(chao),宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)免(mian)冠請(qing)罪。周武帝(di)對(dui)他(ta)說:“天(tian)下是(shi)(shi)太祖(宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)泰)的天(tian)下,朕(zhen)繼守大(da)(da)業(ye),常恐(kong)丟(diu)失。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)護(hu)目中(zhong)無君,欺凌君上(shang)(shang),打算反叛(pan),因此朕(zhen)將(jiang)他(ta)處(chu)死,以(yi)(yi)安定國(guo)家。你與我(wo)本是(shi)(shi)親(qin)兄弟,同甘共苦,此事與你無關,為什(shen)么(me)還要請(qing)罪?”詔(zhao)命(ming)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)前往宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)護(hu)宅第(di),收繳(jiao)兵符(fu)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)書等物。隨(sui)即任命(ming)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)為大(da)(da)冢宰(zai)。這時武帝(di)已經親(qin)理朝(chao)政(zheng),打算整頓政(zheng)治(zhi),統(tong)一(yi)刑令,即便(bian)牽(qian)涉到宗(zong)室(shi)中(zhong)人,也(ye)(ye)不加以(yi)(yi)寬(kuan)容。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)原來被宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)護(hu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)重用(yong),從(cong)天(tian)和年間以(yi)(yi)后(hou),威勢漸大(da)(da)。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)護(hu)欲(yu)有所(suo)(suo)(suo)言,大(da)(da)多令宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)上(shang)(shang)奏。皇帝(di)有允許的,也(ye)(ye)有不同意的,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)擔心(xin)皇帝(di)同丞相(xiang)之間互相(xiang)猜忌,每次都(dou)是(shi)(shi)委婉(wan)地說清意思。武帝(di)也(ye)(ye)知道(dao)他(ta)的用(yong)心(xin),所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)得以(yi)(yi)免(mian)禍。可是(shi)(shi)仍(reng)然(ran)(ran)因為他(ta)威名(ming)太大(da)(da),始終放(fang)心(xin)不下,雖然(ran)(ran)遙授冢宰(zai)之職,實際上(shang)(shang)奪去(qu)了他(ta)的權力。
開府裴(pei)文(wen)(wen)舉是宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲的侍(shi)讀(du),武(wu)帝經常駕臨(lin)內殿,接見裴(pei)文(wen)(wen)舉。武(wu)帝對他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)護反叛的跡象,朝野均知,我(wo)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)含淚將他(ta)(ta)處死,是為了安定國家,有利百姓。從(cong)前北魏末年動亂(luan),太祖輔佐元氏;周朝上承天命,宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)護才執掌大(da)權。積久而成(cheng)的習慣(guan),變成(cheng)了常規(gui),就認(ren)為政令應(ying)當這樣(yang)。難道(dao)(dao)有三十(shi)歲(sui)的天子(zi)(zi)還要(yao)被人(ren)制約(yue)嗎(ma)?況且近(jin)代以(yi)來(lai)(lai),還有一(yi)種弊病,曾經暫為部屬的,就禮敬上級猶如君王。這是擾亂(luan)社會的權宜之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),不(bu)(bu)是治理國家的辦法(fa)。《詩經》說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):‘日夜不(bu)(bu)敢懈(xie)怠,用來(lai)(lai)服(fu)侍(shi)一(yi)人(ren)。’一(yi)人(ren),只(zhi)能是天子(zi)(zi)。你雖(sui)然陪侍(shi)齊(qi)公(gong)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲,但不(bu)(bu)能形同君臣。再(zai)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)太祖有十(shi)個(ge)兒子(zi)(zi),難道(dao)(dao)都能當天子(zi)(zi)?你應(ying)當用做(zuo)人(ren)的正道(dao)(dao)來(lai)(lai)規(gui)勸齊(qi)公(gong),使我(wo)們君臣和睦,骨肉融(rong)洽,不(bu)(bu)要(yao)讓(rang)我(wo)們兄弟之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)互(hu)相猜疑。”裴(pei)文(wen)(wen)舉拜謝而出,回來(lai)(lai)告訴宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲。宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲手撫(fu)幾案,指(zhi)著心(xin)(xin)道(dao)(dao):“我(wo)向來(lai)(lai)的心(xin)(xin)意,您難道(dao)(dao)不(bu)(bu)清(qing)楚嗎(ma)?只(zhi)有盡忠效命,還有什(shen)么話說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)?”
建(jian)德三年(nian)(nian)(574年(nian)(nian)),宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)晉(jin)爵為(wei)王(wang)。宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)的朋友(you)劉(liu)休征(zheng)獻(xian)上《王(wang)箴》一首,宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)十分贊美。后來,劉(liu)休征(zheng)又把《王(wang)箴》獻(xian)給武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)。武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)正想(xiang)削弱他的幾個弟弟的勢力,很(hen)喜歡這篇箴言。宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)常常感(gan)到(dao)兵書內容繁雜廣泛,難求要旨,就自(zi)己編定為(wei)《要略》五篇,上表陳述(shu)。武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)讀后表示(shi)稱贊。當年(nian)(nian)秋天,武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)駕臨(lin)云陽宮,臥(wo)病在(zai)床。衛(wei)王(wang)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)直在(zai)京城舉兵叛亂。武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)召見(jian)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian),對(dui)他說:“衛(wei)王(wang)反叛,你知道嗎?”宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)答(da)道:“微臣原來不知道,如(ru)今才見(jian)到(dao)詔書。宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)直違背(bei)天命,就是自(zi)取滅亡。”武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)說:“你即刻作為(wei)前(qian)鋒,我也(ye)隨后出發。”字(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)直不久敗逃。武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)抵達京師,宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)和趙王(wang)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)招(zhao)都入朝拜謝。武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)說:“從前(qian)管叔鮮、蔡叔度被殺,而(er)周公卻輔(fu)佐周成王(wang)完成大業,人(ren)心不同,猶如(ru)人(ren)的外貌各不一樣。我只慚愧兄弟之間動兵,這是我的不足之處(chu)。”
當初,宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)直內(nei)心十分忌恨宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian),宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)權當不(bu)知(zhi),對他(ta)容讓(rang)。又因他(ta)是武帝(di)(di)同母(mu)(mu)之弟(di),更(geng)加(jia)友愛尊敬。處死(si)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)護時,宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)直堅(jian)持請求罪(zui)及宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)。武帝(di)(di)說:“齊(qi)公宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)的(de)(de)(de)心跡,我(wo)(wo)全都(dou)(dou)清(qing)楚,不(bu)得再有懷疑。”武帝(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)母(mu)(mu)親叱(chi)奴太后(hou)去世后(hou),宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)直又秘密(mi)報告道:“宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)喝酒吃肉,與平時沒有區別。”武帝(di)(di)說:“我(wo)(wo)同齊(qi)王不(bu)是一母(mu)(mu)所生(sheng),都(dou)(dou)不(bu)是嫡子,他(ta)為了我(wo)(wo),而特(te)別自(zi)我(wo)(wo)約(yue)束。你應當感到(dao)慚愧,有什么(me)理由再去議(yi)論他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)對錯?你是太后(hou)最喜歡(huan)的(de)(de)(de)兒子,承蒙慈愛。如今(jin)只須自(zi)勉,不(bu)要再沒有根(gen)據地亂說別人。”宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)直才不(bu)再說什么(me)。
建(jian)德四年(nian)(nian)(575年(nian)(nian)),武帝(di)(di)打算東征(zheng)北(bei)齊,只同(tong)內(nei)史王誼商議此(ci)事,其他(ta)人都不知道(dao)。后來認為(wei)諸弟的(de)(de)才能(neng)謀(mou)略,沒(mei)有超過宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)的(de)(de),才告訴他(ta)。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)當(dang)即(ji)贊同(tong)東征(zheng)。大軍(jun)準備出發時,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)上表獻(xian)出自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)財(cai)產(chan)以(yi)贊助(zhu)軍(jun)費說(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)聽說(shuo)把握機會(hui)適應氣運,理(li)應借助(zhu)時機的(de)(de)到來,兼并(bing)弱小攻(gong)擊(ji)愚(yu)昧(mei),要憑(ping)借隨機應變的(de)(de)謀(mou)略。希(xi)望陛下保持(chi)和振興圣明,開創大業弘揚教(jiao)化,順從(cong)天(tian)意(yi),恢(hui)弘武略。才能(neng)使(shi)兇惡被(bei)剪(jian)除(chu),天(tian)下大同(tong),軍(jun)民人心歸附,車軌文(wen)字統一。我(wo)(wo)私下以(yi)為(wei)龍(long)旗飄動,天(tian)網密布,糧草物資,也許需要供(gong)給。從(cong)前邊境(jing)沒(mei)有平(ping)靜,卜式自(zi)愿(yuan)獻(xian)出家中財(cai)產(chan);天(tian)下混亂(luan),衛(wei)茲請(qing)求獻(xian)出自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)粟米。我(wo)(wo)雖然愚(yu)笨(ben),但怎敢忘記效仿他(ta)們(men)。恭敬地(di)獻(xian)上金銀財(cai)寶等十六件,稍稍資助(zhu)軍(jun)需。”武帝(di)(di)詔命(ming)不予接(jie)受(shou),并(bing)拿宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)作榜樣,對公卿們(men)說(shuo):“臣子應當(dang)如此(ci),我(wo)(wo)看重他(ta)的(de)(de)心意(yi),難道(dao)還(huan)需要他(ta)的(de)(de)東西嗎?”于是(shi)詔命(ming)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)率兵二萬為(wei)前軍(jun),向黎陽推進。武帝(di)(di)親自(zi)圍(wei)攻(gong)河陰(yin),未(wei)能(neng)攻(gong)下。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)攻(gong)占武濟(ji),進兵包圍(wei)洛口,攻(gong)下洛口東西二城。因為(wei)武帝(di)(di)患病而撤軍(jun)返回。同(tong)年(nian)(nian),開始設置上柱國官職,讓宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)擔任(ren)。
建德(de)五年(nian)(576年(nian)),大(da)規(gui)模東征北齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)率(lv)領精銳騎兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)二萬人(ren),仍擔(dan)任先鋒,把(ba)守(shou)雀鼠谷。武帝親(qin)(qin)自圍攻晉州。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)向前(qian)推進,占領洪同、永(yong)安(an)二城,打算(suan)擴大(da)戰果(guo)。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)燒毀橋(qiao)梁,固守(shou)險要,周軍(jun)(jun)無(wu)法(fa)前(qian)進,于是屯(tun)集在永(yong)安(an)。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后主高(gao)(gao)緯聽說(shuo)晉州被圍,就(jiu)率(lv)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)十萬,親(qin)(qin)自來援。當(dang)時(shi),柱國、陳王宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)純駐軍(jun)(jun)千里徑(jing)(jing),大(da)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)、永(yong)昌公宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)椿(chun)(chun)屯(tun)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)雞(ji)棲原,大(da)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)盛把(ba)守(shou)汾水(shui)關,都受宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)指(zhi)揮。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)悄(qiao)悄(qiao)對宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)椿(chun)(chun)說(shuo):“用兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)講(jiang)究欺騙(pian),去留不定,見機而(er)行,不能(neng)死守(shou)常(chang)規(gui)。你安(an)營時(shi),不要支起帳幕(mu),可以砍伐柏(bo)樹搭成(cheng)小(xiao)庵,以示有兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。這樣,軍(jun)(jun)隊離開(kai)以后,敵軍(jun)(jun)還會(hui)起疑。”這時(shi),北齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后主高(gao)(gao)緯分兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)一(yi)萬進攻千里徑(jing)(jing),又命令部屬出汾水(shui)關,自己親(qin)(qin)率(lv)大(da)軍(jun)(jun)與宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)椿(chun)(chun)交戰。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)盛派(pai)騎士(shi)告急,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)自率(lv)騎兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)千人(ren)援助。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)遠遠看見谷中飛(fei)塵揚(yang)起,急忙相繼(ji)退去。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)盛與柱國侯莫陳芮涉過汾水(shui)追擊,斬殺不少(shao)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。不久,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)椿(chun)(chun)報(bao)告齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)漸(jian)漸(jian)逼(bi)近,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)又回兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)救援。恰(qia)巧(qiao)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)椿(chun)(chun)被命令撤軍(jun)(jun),就(jiu)率(lv)軍(jun)(jun)乘夜返回。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)果(guo)然(ran)認為柏(bo)庵是軍(jun)(jun)隊營帳,沒有懷疑周軍(jun)(jun)已退,一(yi)直到(dao)第二天才明白上了當(dang)。
當時武帝已經離開(kai)晉州,留下(xia)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)為(wei)后衛。高緯親(qin)自率軍來(lai)(lai)追,抵達高梁(liang)橋。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)率領精銳騎兵二千人(ren),隔(ge)河布(bu)成陣勢(shi)。北齊(qi)領軍段(duan)(duan)暢一(yi)直進到橋頭(tou)。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)隔(ge)河招呼段(duan)(duan)暢,同他交談(tan)。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)問段(duan)(duan)暢道(dao):“你(ni)叫什(shen)(shen)么名字?”段(duan)(duan)暢答道(dao):“我(wo)(wo)是(shi)領軍段(duan)(duan)暢。您(nin)(nin)是(shi)誰?”宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)回答說(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)是(shi)虞侯大都督。”段(duan)(duan)暢說(shuo):“聽您(nin)(nin)的(de)言(yan)談(tan),不(bu)是(shi)一(yi)般的(de)人(ren),今朝(chao)相(xiang)見,為(wei)什(shen)(shen)么隱(yin)瞞姓(xing)名官(guan)職?”陳王宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)純、梁(liang)國公侯莫(mo)陳芮、內史(shi)王誼等人(ren)都在(zai)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)身邊。段(duan)(duan)暢問個不(bu)停。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)才說(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)是(shi)天子的(de)弟弟齊(qi)王。”又指著陳王等人(ren),把他們的(de)姓(xing)名封號一(yi)一(yi)告訴段(duan)(duan)暢。段(duan)(duan)暢打馬而去(qu),宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)立即命令撤(che)軍,不(bu)料齊(qi)人(ren)突然追來(lai)(lai),兵勢(shi)勁(jing)銳。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)與開(kai)府宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)忻各(ge)率精選騎兵一(yi)百(bai)人(ren)殿(dian)后抵擋,斬其猛(meng)將賀蘭豹子、山(shan)褥(ru)瑰等一(yi)百(bai)余人(ren),齊(qi)軍才退去(qu)。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)渡過汾水,在(zai)玉壁趕(gan)上(shang)武帝。
武(wu)帝又(you)命令(ling)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲率(lv)兵六萬,回援晉州。宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲率(lv)軍推進(jin),在(zai)(zai)涑(su)(su)水(shui)扎(zha)營(ying)。高(gao)緯圍攻晉州,日夜(ye)不(bu)停(ting)。回來的(de)間諜,有(you)的(de)說(shuo)晉州已經(jing)陷(xian)落。宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲派遣柱國(guo)越王宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)盛、大(da)將軍尉遲迥、開(kai)府宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)神(shen)舉(ju)等率(lv)領(ling)輕裝騎兵一(yi)萬人,連夜(ye)趕(gan)到(dao)晉州。宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲進(jin)兵據(ju)守蒙坑(keng),作為(wei)后(hou)援,得知晉州沒(mei)有(you)陷(xian)落,就又(you)回到(dao)涑(su)(su)水(shui)。武(wu)帝隨即東去,駐軍高(gao)顯,宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲率(lv)領(ling)部屬,先(xian)向(xiang)晉州推進(jin)。次(ci)日,諸軍會合,漸逼(bi)城下。齊(qi)人也(ye)(ye)出動大(da)軍,在(zai)(zai)周軍營(ying)地以南布成陣勢。武(wu)帝召宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲騎馬(ma)前(qian)往(wang)察看。宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲回來報告(gao)說(shuo):“這個好對付(fu),請打敗敵軍后(hou)再吃(chi)飯。”武(wu)帝高(gao)興地說(shuo):“如果像你說(shuo)的(de)那樣(yang),我就沒(mei)有(you)憂慮了(le)。”宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲退下后(hou),內史柳虬悄(qiao)悄(qiao)對他說(shuo):“敵軍并不(bu)少,大(da)王怎么(me)能(neng)輕視他們?”宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲說(shuo):“我被委任為(wei)前(qian)鋒,為(wei)國(guo)為(wei)家(jia),掃蕩(dang)這些殘敵,猶(you)如摧(cui)枯(ku)拉(la)朽。商朝、周朝的(de)事(shi),您是知道的(de),賊兵雖多,能(neng)把我怎么(me)樣(yang)?”不(bu)久,各(ge)軍一(yi)塊進(jin)擊,齊(qi)軍立即潰不(bu)成軍。當夜(ye),高(gao)緯逃走,宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲率(lv)輕裝騎兵追(zhui)擊。追(zhui)到(dao)永安時,武(wu)帝也(ye)(ye)隨后(hou)趕(gan)到(dao)。齊(qi)人收集殘兵,又(you)據(ju)守高(gao)壁(bi)、洛女(nv)寨(zhai)。武(wu)帝命令(ling)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲進(jin)攻洛女(nv)寨(zhai),將其(qi)占領(ling)。次(ci)日,在(zai)(zai)介休與大(da)軍會師(shi)。
當時高(gao)緯已(yi)敗(bai)走鄴城(cheng)(cheng),留(liu)其堂兄安(an)德王(wang)高(gao)延宗據守(shou)并州。高(gao)延宗趁機自(zi)立為(wei)帝(di)(di),出兵(bing)抗拒。武帝(di)(di)進(jin)兵(bing)包圍并州,宇文憲進(jin)攻城(cheng)(cheng)西。武帝(di)(di)城(cheng)(cheng)中遇伏,鏖(ao)戰(zhan)至深夜(ye)僅以(yi)身免。逃(tao)出城(cheng)(cheng)后(hou),疲累的武帝(di)(di)欲撤兵(bing),宇文憲與王(wang)誼力勸(quan)方免。次(ci)日再戰(zhan),高(gao)延宗逃(tao)走,被追上活捉。由于戰(zhan)功,晉封第二(er)子安(an)城(cheng)(cheng)公宇文質為(wei)河間王(wang),任命第三子宇文賨為(wei)大將(jiang)軍。仍然詔命宇文憲先(xian)行進(jin)兵(bing)鄴城(cheng)(cheng)。次(ci)年(577年),攻占鄴城(cheng)(cheng)。
北齊(qi)任城王高(gao)湝(jie)(jie)(jie)、廣(guang)寧(ning)王高(gao)孝珩(heng)等人據(ju)守信(xin)(xin)都,擁兵(bing)數(shu)(shu)萬(wan)。武帝又詔命宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)討伐。令(ling)高(gao)緯親自寫(xie)信(xin)(xin)給高(gao)湝(jie)(jie)(jie)說(shuo):“朝廷待我(wo)寬厚,諸(zhu)王都好。叔父如(ru)果放(fang)下武器,則一(yi)定都會受到優待。”高(gao)湝(jie)(jie)(jie)拒不收信(xin)(xin),反而大肆召(zhao)募(mu)賞賜,多給金帛,和(he)尚要(yao)求當兵(bing)的,就(jiu)有數(shu)(shu)千(qian)人。宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)率軍經過趙州時,高(gao)湝(jie)(jie)(jie)派兩名(ming)間諜(die)前去偵(zhen)察,被巡邏騎(qi)兵(bing)捉(zhuo)住,報(bao)告宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)。宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)就(jiu)把北齊(qi)的舊將都召(zhao)集在(zai)(zai)一(yi)起,讓這(zhe)(zhe)兩名(ming)間諜(die)一(yi)一(yi)看過。宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)對這(zhe)(zhe)兩名(ming)間諜(die)說(shuo):“我(wo)要(yao)爭的是(shi)(shi)大事(shi),不在(zai)(zai)你們。放(fang)你們回去,可以(yi)當我(wo)的使者。”于是(shi)(shi)寫(xie)信(xin)(xin)給高(gao)湝(jie)(jie)(jie),敦促他投降。
宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)到信(xin)都,高(gao)(gao)(gao)湝(jie)在城(cheng)南布下陣(zhen)地,宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)登上張(zhang)耳(er)墳遠遠觀察。不(bu)一會兒,高(gao)(gao)(gao)湝(jie)的(de)領軍尉相愿假(jia)裝出來巡(xun)視陣(zhen)勢,率領部屬投降。尉相愿是高(gao)(gao)(gao)湝(jie)的(de)親信(xin),眾人(ren)(ren)驚恐。高(gao)(gao)(gao)湝(jie)大怒,殺死尉相愿的(de)妻(qi)(qi)子和孩子。次日(ri)再戰,周軍大勝,俘(fu)虜(lu)、斬殺共三萬(wan)人(ren)(ren),活捉高(gao)(gao)(gao)湝(jie)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)孝珩(heng)等人(ren)(ren)。宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)對(dui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)湝(jie)說(shuo):“任城(cheng)王何苦(ku)如此(ci)?”高(gao)(gao)(gao)湝(jie)答道:“我是神武帝的(de)兒子,兄(xiong)弟十五人(ren)(ren),只(zhi)有我還僥(jiao)幸活著。時(shi)逢國家敗滅,即(ji)使(shi)雖死,也無愧(kui)祖先。”宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)贊賞高(gao)(gao)(gao)湝(jie)的(de)氣節,命(ming)令釋放他的(de)妻(qi)(qi)子和孩子,多(duo)給(gei)錢(qian)財(cai)。又(you)審(shen)問高(gao)(gao)(gao)孝珩(heng)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)孝珩(heng)陳述北齊危難,邊說(shuo)邊哭,舉(ju)止(zhi)不(bu)失(shi)風度,宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)也為之感動。
宇(yu)文憲素來善于(yu)計(ji)謀,多有策略,尤其擅(shan)長(chang)(chang)安撫駕馭(yu)部(bu)屬,知人(ren)善任,沖鋒(feng)陷(xian)陣,身先士(shi)卒,部(bu)眾感動,心悅誠(cheng)服,都(dou)為他效力。齊(qi)人(ren)早就聽(ting)說他的(de)威名(ming)聲望,都(dou)害(hai)怕他的(de)勇敢謀略。并州(zhou)大捷之后(hou),在齊(qi)境長(chang)(chang)驅直入,不侵(qin)擾百姓,將士(shi)沒有私蓄(xu)。
當(dang)初,稽胡(hu)人劉沒鐸(duo)自(zi)稱皇帝,又(you)詔命宇(yu)文(wen)憲督率趙(zhao)王宇(yu)文(wen)招等(deng)人將其(qi)討平。宇(yu)文(wen)憲自(zi)感威名越來越大,暗自(zi)考慮隱退(tui)。武帝準備親征北部(bu)蠻(man)族(zu)時,就以有病推辭。武帝變色道:“你若害怕遠征,讓我用誰?”宇(yu)文(wen)憲害怕,答道:“微臣侍奉陛下,實在是誠心誠意(yi),只是身患(huan)疾(ji)病,無(wu)法領(ling)兵。”武帝答應了(le)他的(de)請(qing)求。
建德(de)七年(nian)(578年(nian)),北(bei)周武帝(di)(di)駕崩,北(bei)周宣(xuan)帝(di)(di)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)赟即位(wei)。北(bei)宣(xuan)帝(di)(di)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)叔父(fu)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)輩分高而(er)名望(wang)大,擔心成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)二個宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)護,對他十(shi)分忌(ji)恨害怕。當(dang)(dang)時(shi)武帝(di)(di)尚(shang)未安葬,諸(zhu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)在朝內守靈。司衛(wei)長孫覽總管軍(jun)隊,輔佐朝政,擔心諸(zhu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)有叛變意圖,經上奏,命令開(kai)府于(yu)智偵伺諸(zhu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)動(dong)靜。安葬武帝(di)(di)后,諸(zhu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)各回府第(di)。宣(xuan)帝(di)(di)又命令于(yu)智到宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)宅第(di)等候宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian),趁機(ji)告發他另(ling)有圖謀。宣(xuan)帝(di)(di)于(yu)是派小冢(zhong)宰宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)孝伯(bo)對宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)說:“三公之(zhi)位(wei),應(ying)當(dang)(dang)歸于(yu)親屬中賢能之(zhi)人(ren),如今打算任命叔父(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)師,九叔為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)傅,十(shi)一(yi)叔為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)保,叔父(fu)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)怎樣?”宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)答道:“微臣才能低下,而(er)地位(wei)很高,常引以為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)懼。三師的重任,不是我所敢于(yu)承當(dang)(dang)的,太(tai)祖時(shi)的功臣應(ying)當(dang)(dang)擔當(dang)(dang)此任。如果只用我們兄弟,恐怕會招致議論(lun)。”宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)孝伯(bo)回去(qu)報告,隨即又趕來,說:“詔命大王(wang)(wang)(wang)今晚和諸(zhu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)一(yi)塊到殿(dian)門(men)。”
宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)一(yi)個(ge)人(ren)被(bei)領進宮殿,宣帝預先在另一(yi)間屋里埋伏下(xia)壯士,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)一(yi)到(dao),立(li)即(ji)被(bei)抓住。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)神(shen)色不屈,陳說道理。周宣帝讓于智與宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)對(dui)質。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)目光(guang)灼灼,與于智相互(hu)對(dui)證(zheng)。有人(ren)對(dui)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)說:“以(yi)大王今天的形勢,還用(yong)多(duo)說?”宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)答道:“我位(wei)重輩高,一(yi)旦(dan)到(dao)這種地步,生(sheng)死聽任(ren)天命,難道還想(xiang)活著?只是因為老母(mu)還在,恐怕留下(xia)遺憾罷了(le)。”就把手板(ban)扔(reng)到(dao)地上(shang)。于是周宣帝派人(ren)把宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)勒死,時年(nian)三(san)十五歲。
之后(hou),北周宣帝任命于智為(wei)柱國,封齊國公(gong)。宣帝處(chu)死宇文憲以后(hou),找不出(chu)罪名,就借口上大將軍(jun)安邑公(gong)王興等人與宇文憲共謀,將其處(chu)死。此外,上開府獨孤熊、開府豆盧紹等人也(ye)被處(chu)死。當時的人知道王興等人冤枉,都說(shuo)他們是陪伴宇文憲死的。
唐(tang)朝建(jian)中三年(782年),禮儀使顏真卿向(xiang)唐(tang)德(de)宗建(jian)議,追封古代名將六十四人,并(bing)為他們設(she)廟享(xiang)奠,包(bao)括“周(zhou)大冢宰齊王宇(yu)文憲(xian)”。
北(bei)宋(song)宣(xuan)和五年(1123年),宋(song)朝依照(zhao)唐代慣例(li),為古代名將設廟,七十二(er)位名將中(zhong)(zhong)亦包括(kuo)宇(yu)文憲。在北(bei)宋(song)年間成書的《十七史百將傳》中(zhong)(zhong),宇(yu)文憲亦位列其中(zhong)(zhong)。
宇文憲(xian)是北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)周(zhou)重要(yao)(yao)將領,一生(sheng)中參與(yu)多(duo)次(ci)對北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)齊的戰爭,隨周(zhou)武帝宇文邕(yong)平齊,立下大功。保定(ding)三年(nian)(nian)(563年(nian)(nian))宇文護(hu)東(dong)征北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)齊時,宇文憲(xian)與(yu)達(da)奚武、王雄等人屯(tun)兵(bing)(bing)邙山。其他各軍(jun)(jun)(jun)分守(shou)險要(yao)(yao)。北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)齊兵(bing)(bing)數萬人,突(tu)然從北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)周(zhou)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)后面殺出,各軍(jun)(jun)(jun)驚(jing)恐,紛紛潰散(san)。只有宇文憲(xian)與(yu)王雄、達(da)奚武率兵(bing)(bing)抵擋。宇文憲(xian)親自(zi)督(du)率激勵(li),軍(jun)(jun)(jun)心才安定(ding)下來。天和四(si)年(nian)(nian)(569年(nian)(nian)),北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)齊將領獨孤永(yong)業(ye)攻打(da)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)周(zhou),宇文憲(xian)與(yu)柱國李(li)穆率兵(bing)(bing)從宜陽出發,修筑崇德等五(wu)城,切斷齊軍(jun)(jun)(jun)運糧通道。天和五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(570年(nian)(nian)),宇文憲(xian)涉過洛(luo)水(shui)進攻齊軍(jun)(jun)(jun),擊敗(bai)斛(hu)律光。
建德四年(nian)(nian)(575年(nian)(nian)),周武帝打算(suan)出兵消滅北齊(qi)。命宇(yu)文(wen)憲率兵二(er)萬(wan)為前軍,向黎陽推(tui)進,攻(gong)占武濟,進兵包圍(wei)洛口(kou),攻(gong)下洛口(kou)東(dong)西二(er)城(cheng)。建德五年(nian)(nian)(576年(nian)(nian)),北周大規模(mo)東(dong)征北齊(qi)。宇(yu)文(wen)憲率領(ling)精銳(rui)騎兵二(er)萬(wan)人,仍擔任先鋒,把守雀鼠谷。宇(yu)文(wen)憲占領(ling)洪(hong)洞縣、永安縣。建德六年(nian)(nian)(577年(nian)(nian)),攻(gong)占鄴(ye)城(cheng)。
2020年電視劇(ju)《替(ti)嫁醫(yi)女》:張永博飾演(yan)宇(yu)文(wen)憲(劇(ju)中(zhong)名為宇(yu)文(wen)昭)。
令狐德棻《周書(shu)》:①“齊王奇姿杰出(chu),獨牢籠于(yu)前載。以(yi)介弟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,居上(shang)將(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重,智勇冠(guan)世(shi),攻(gong)戰如神,敵國系以(yi)存(cun)亡(wang),鼎命由其輕重。比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)異(yi)姓,則方、召(zhao)、韓、白,何以(yi)加茲。挾(xie)震主之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)威(wei),屬道消(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,斯人而嬰斯戮,君子是以(yi)知周祚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)永也。昔張(zhang)耳、陳(chen)余(yu)賓(bin)客廝(si)役,所居皆取卿相。而齊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文武僚吏,其后亦多(duo)至臺牧。異(yi)世(shi)同符,可謂(wei)賢矣。”;②“性通敏,有度量,雖在童齔,而神彩嶷然。”;③“善(shan)于(yu)撫綏(sui),留心(xin)政術,辭訟(song)輻湊,聽受不(bu)疲。”;④“憲素善(shan)謀,多(duo)算略,尤長(chang)于(yu)撫御(yu),達于(yu)任使,摧鋒(feng)陷陣,為(wei)士(shi)卒(zu)先。群下感悅,咸為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用。齊人夙(su)聞威(wei)聲,無(wu)不(bu)憚(dan)其勇略。”;⑤“憲有至性,事母(mu)以(yi)孝聞。”
李延壽《北史(shi)》:“以(yi)齊王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奇姿杰出,足可牢籠于(yu)前載。處周公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,居上將之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重,肋冠俗,攻戰(zhan)如神(shen),敵國(guo)系以(yi)存亡,鼎命由(you)其(qi)輕重。屬道(dao)消之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,挾(xie)震主之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)威,斯人(ren)而嬰斯戮,君子(zi)是以(yi)知(zhi)國(guo)祚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不永(yong)也。”
宇文泰:“此兒智識不凡,當成(cheng)重器。”
陳元靚:“銀漢分派,瓊枝擢秀。武庫橫心,兵(bing)機在手。扶(fu)齊功多,安蜀政厚。國(guo)之盤(pan)維,旡出其右。”
黃道周(zhou):“憲周(zhou)諸子,度量不(bu)(bu)群。文帝賜馬,取(qu)駁為馴。色既出(chu)類,牧圉易分。帝嘉智識,迥不(bu)(bu)猶人。撫(fu)蜀(shu)擇守(shou),憲即自任。既而(er)受命(ming),綏果得民(min)。屢與晉戰,戰必立勛。或行詭(gui)道,或以名聞。或請破(po)敵(di),頃刻而(er)奔。就間(jian)用間(jian),妙若轉輪。為將若此(ci),可謂入神。”
蔡東藩(fan):“然當時如(ru)齊王憲輩,不能為伊(yi)霍之行,徒拱手而受戮,忠(zhong)而近愚,亦不足(zu)取,身(shen)亡(wang)而國俱(ju)亡(wang),此任圣(sheng)之所以夐絕古今也!”
宇(yu)文(wen)泰曾賞賜給兒(er)子們良馬,讓他們自己(ji)選擇。只(zhi)有(you)宇(yu)文(wen)憲選了(le)一匹(pi)雜(za)色馬。宇(yu)文(wen)泰詢(xun)問,宇(yu)文(wen)憲答道:“這匹(pi)馬顏色特殊,可(ke)能出類拔萃。如果(guo)從(cong)軍作戰(zhan),馬夫容(rong)易(yi)辨認。”宇(yu)文(wen)泰高興(xing)地說(shuo)(shuo):“這個孩子識(shi)見(jian)不凡,必(bi)當成為大(da)才(cai)。”后(hou)來隨從(cong)在隴(long)山上打(da)獵,經過官馬牧場,宇(yu)文(wen)泰每次看見(jian)雜(za)色馬,都說(shuo)(shuo):“這是我兒(er)子的馬啊!”命(ming)令(ling)隨從(cong)牽來,賞賜給他。
宇(yu)文憲性情淳厚,侍奉母親達(da)步(bu)干(gan)氏,以孝(xiao)順出名。達(da)步(bu)干(gan)氏原先(xian)患有風(feng)熱之(zhi)病,多次發作,宇(yu)文憲衣(yi)不(bu)解帶(dai),在身邊侍候(hou)。宇(yu)文憲有時東征(zheng)西戰,每(mei)次感到心驚,其母必有病,便派(pai)使(shi)者(zhe)馳回問候(hou),果然如此。
父母
父親(qin):宇文泰,北(bei)周文帝
母親:達步干氏
兄弟姐妹
哥哥
北周明帝宇文毓
宋獻公宇文震
北(bei)周(zhou)孝閔帝宇文(wen)覺
北周武帝宇文邕
弟弟
衛剌王宇文直
趙僭王宇文招
譙孝王宇文儉
陳惑王宇文純
越野王宇文盛
代奰王宇文達
冀康王宇文通
滕聞王宇文逌
姐妹
襄陽公主,嫁竇(dou)毅(yi),生唐(tang)朝太穆(mu)皇后。
宇文皇(huang)后,西魏廢帝(di)元欽皇(huang)后。
義安公主,嫁(jia)李弼子李輝(hui)。
順陽公主,嫁(jia)隋文帝弟弟滕王楊瓚。
平(ping)原公主,嫁于(yu)翼。
永(yong)富公主,嫁(jia)史寧之子史雄(xiong)。
某(mou)公主(zhu),嫁賀拔岳子賀拔緯。
某(mou)公(gong)主,嫁若(ruo)(ruo)干惠(hui)子(zi)若(ruo)(ruo)干鳳。
西河公主(zhu),嫁彭(peng)國公劉昶。
義歸公主,嫁海州刺(ci)史(shi)李(li)基。
襄樂公(gong)主,嫁韋世康。
妻子
豆(dou)盧氏(shi),大(da)將軍豆(dou)盧寧之女
兒子
長子:宇(yu)文貴,齊國世子。
次子:宇(yu)文(wen)質,河間郡王。
三子(zi):宇文賨,中壩公(gong)。
四子(zi):宇(yu)文(wen)貢(gong),莒國(guo)公。
五子:宇文(wen)乾(qian)禧,安(an)城(cheng)公。
六子:宇文(wen)乾洽,龍涸公(gong)。
《周書·卷(juan)十二·列傳第四》
《北史·卷五十八·列傳(chuan)第四十六(liu)》