思(si)(si)(si)州(zhou)石(shi)(shi)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),簡稱(cheng)“思(si)(si)(si)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”或“思(si)(si)(si)州(zhou)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”。因硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)材產于古思(si)(si)(si)州(zhou)治地(今(jin)岑鞏(gong)縣思(si)(si)(si)陽鎮)而得名(ming)。思(si)(si)(si)州(zhou)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)是岑鞏(gong)縣的(de)特產,古時即馳名(ming)神州(zhou)。相傳于漢(han)代前(qian)期,已(yi)有(you)(you)兩千多年的(de)歷史。因內含有(you)(you)天然的(de)金(jin)星(xing)礦石(shi)(shi),故(gu)又稱(cheng)“金(jin)星(xing)石(shi)(shi)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”。思(si)(si)(si)州(zhou)石(shi)(shi)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)是中(zhong)國歷史上(shang)開發(fa)與利用(yong)較早的(de)八大(da)(da)石(shi)(shi)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)一。有(you)(you)文人贊曰:“水石(shi)(shi)殊質(zhi),云滋(zi)露(lu)液,渾金(jin)璞玉(yu),惜墨惜筆”。當(dang)(dang)(dang)今(jin)的(de)思(si)(si)(si)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)保持(chi)了(le)高(gao)超的(de)傳統工(gong)藝,揉和當(dang)(dang)(dang)代藝術,造(zao)型奇(qi)巧而精細,結構(gou)復雜而嚴謹(jin)。雕刻有(you)(you)“雙龍搶寶”、“單(dan)龍戲珠”、“雙鳳(feng)朝陽”、“龍鳳(feng)呈祥”、“鴛鴦戲水”、“犀牛望月”、“喜(xi)鵲(que)鬧(nao)梅”、“青松白鶴”、“松鼠偷葡萄”、“鯉魚躍龍門”、“龜硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”、“蛙硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”、“金(jin)魚硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”等60余種圖案,優美(mei)而古樸(pu)。尤(you)其是圖案中(zhong)的(de)動物眼睛(jing),植(zhi)物花蕊,珍(zhen)(zhen)寶奇(qi)珠以及日月星(xing)辰等都是用(yong)天然金(jin)星(xing)石(shi)(shi)制成(cheng)。成(cheng)品通體漆亮,光可(ke)鑒人,金(jin)星(xing)閃爍其間,如哈氣硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)塘,則其云滋(zi)露(lu)液久久不收。思(si)(si)(si)州(zhou)石(shi)(shi)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)自古以來被文人墨客(ke)視為(wei)珍(zhen)(zhen)奇(qi),備受(shou)喜(xi)歡。是我(wo)國“八大(da)(da)名(ming)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”之(zhi)一。北宋大(da)(da)文豪(hao)蘇東坡譽之(zhi)為(wei)“珙璧(bi)”,清康熙皇帝作為(wei)御(yu)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),是當(dang)(dang)(dang)地歷代官府進奉朝廷的(de)珍(zhen)(zhen)貴貢品。日本前(qian)首相田(tian)中(zhong)角榮當(dang)(dang)(dang)年訪(fang)問(wen)我(wo)國時,曾向(xiang)周總理求取思(si)(si)(si)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。
一方石硯(yan)(yan)從打胚(pei)到制成硯(yan)(yan)臺須歷30道工序(xu),費(fei)時20余天。其(qi)敲、琢、雕、刻(ke)全(quan)靠手上工夫,工序(xu)一道比一道艱難(nan),稍有不慎便(bian)毀于一旦。思硯(yan)(yan)圖(tu)案設(she)計(ji)精巧,結構復雜嚴謹,工藝考究,題(ti)材廣泛(fan),無論是龍(long)、鳳、麟、魚,或是人、物、山、水,飛(fei)禽走獸(shou),都能(neng)濃縮其(qi)間。其(qi)圖(tu)案造(zao)型(xing)有:雙(shuang)龍(long)搶寶(bao)、單(dan)龍(long)戲珠(zhu)、雙(shuang)鳳朝陽、龍(long)鳳呈祥、九龍(long)硯(yan)(yan)、金魚硯(yan)(yan)、荷葉硯(yan)(yan)、八卦硯(yan)(yan)、福(fu)壽(shou)硯(yan)(yan)、墀牛望(wang)月(yue)、喜鵲含梅、鯉魚躍龍(long)門(men)、獅子滾繡球(qiu)等上百種。
思硯(yan)不僅石色美觀,且(qie)質(zhi)地優(you)良。它(ta)通體墨(mo)黑發(fa)亮(liang),光(guang)可鑒人,又堅(jian)實如(ru)(ru)玉,細膩如(ru)(ru)膚;硯(yan)上點點金星,圓如(ru)(ru)古錢、形如(ru)(ru)彎(wan)月,熒光(guang)閃爍(shuo),皎美絕(jue)侖。它(ta)具有(you)工(gong)于發(fa)墨(mo),貯(zhu)水不干(gan),耐磨(mo)不嶙,研汁如(ru)(ru)油,明亮(liang)生輝(hui),惜筆惜墨(mo)等優(you)點。在(zai)無水時,若哈氣于硯(yan)中(zhong),便自出露液(ye),即可磨(mo)墨(mo)寫字,故深受歷代文人墨(mo)客的喜歡。
唐、宋時期,思州(zhou)石硯在文人(ren)書齋中,受到蘇軾、黃庭堅(jian)、歐(ou)陽修等(deng)書畫名(ming)人(ren)的(de)(de)鐘愛。后經(jing)過(guo)元、明兩(liang)代(dai)藝人(ren)的(de)(de)努力,制硯技藝得(de)到進一步的(de)(de)提高,被明朝廷列為貢品。清(qing)朝康熙皇帝對思州(zhou)石硯尤為贊(zan)賞,把它選作“御硯”收藏。
北宋大文(wen)豪蘇東坡譽(yu)之為“珙璧”,清康(kang)熙皇帝作(zuo)為御硯,是當(dang)地歷代官府進奉朝廷的珍貴貢品。
日本(ben)前首相田中角榮當(dang)年訪問我國(guo)時(shi),曾向周(zhou)總理索取思硯。
晉(jin)朝“書(shu)圣(sheng)”王(wang)羲(xi)之(zhi)臺前(qian)擺(bai)的(de)就(jiu)是(shi)思州(zhou)石硯(yan),清朝康(kang)熙帝臺前(qian)也有思州(zhou)石硯(yan),清朝末期,思州(zhou)石硯(yan)流傳(chuan)國外,在日本(ben)頗(po)受(shou)歡迎(ying)。民(min)國十九(jiu)年(nian)(1930年(nian)),岑鞏縣制硯(yan)藝人聶寶善的(de)作品榮獲(huo)“貴州(zhou)省工業實業展覽會(hui)甲級銀質獎(jiang)章”。從而(er),思州(zhou)石硯(yan)作坊也相(xiang)繼(ji)興旺起來(lai)。特別是(shi)星(xing)石潭一(yi)帶,幾乎家家都有制硯(yan)能手,在全國名硯(yan)林中(zhong)占有一(yi)席重(zhong)要之(zhi)地。
1960年(nian)1月(yue),周(zhou)恩來(lai)總理視察貴州(zhou),他(ta)根據辦公桌(zhuo)上存放的(de)思州(zhou)石硯,在(zai)他(ta)親(qin)自過(guo)問和關(guan)懷下,思州(zhou)石硯生產(chan)得以恢復和發展。1973年(nian)成立了“岑(cen)鞏(gong)縣工藝美術廠(chang)”,周(zhou)樹(shu)南等老人積(ji)極(ji)擇徒(tu)授藝,組織生產(chan),思州(zhou)石硯得以再次走出(chu)國門,先后(hou)出(chu)口東南亞各(ge)國。
1979年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)1日,國(guo)(guo)(guo)家輕工(gong)業部將“思(si)(si)州(zhou)石硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”列為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)傳統(tong)工(gong)藝美術品(pin)(pin)“刻(ke)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”的(de)八大名(ming)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(端硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、歙硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、洮硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、賀蘭硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、思(si)(si)州(zhou)石硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、羅(luo)紋(wen)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、金星硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、魯硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan))中的(de)第五位。1995年(nian)(nian),思(si)(si)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)在國(guo)(guo)(guo)內貿易部、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家專利局主辦的(de)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際技(ji)術產(chan)品(pin)(pin)展覽會上榮(rong)獲(huo)金獎。2003年(nian)(nian),張(zhang)小(xiao)平同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)所刻(ke)的(de)《思(si)(si)州(zhou)春曉》、《榮(rong)華富貴》二方思(si)(si)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),在第三屆中國(guo)(guo)(guo)文房四寶當代名(ming)人名(ming)作精品(pin)(pin)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)大賽中獲(huo)銅(tong)獎;同(tong)(tong)年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)(yue)。在第十屆全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)文房四寶藝博會上思(si)(si)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)獲(huo)得(de)2次(ci)“國(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)寶”——中國(guo)(guo)(guo)十大名(ming)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)殊(shu)榮(rong)。2006年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue),張(zhang)小(xiao)平同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)制作的(de)《龍珠》硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),作為(wei)禮品(pin)(pin)贈送給泰國(guo)(guo)(guo)公主詩琳(lin)通殿下。2006年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)(yue),蘭干武(wu)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)在《書(shu)法報》上以“誰感動了上帝”對“思(si)(si)州(zhou)石硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”作過詳細(xi)報道(dao)。
“思州石硯(yan)”石材(cai)產地(di)----岑(cen)鞏星石潭(tan),方圓2華里(li)范圍(wei),石體(ti)厚度均達20米(mi)以上。山體(ti)藏石豐富,石材(cai)量大,極(ji)具開采價(jia)值,尚待有識之士(shi)前來考察、投(tou)資、開發(fa)。
岑鞏人民相信:思(si)硯作為(wei)一(yi)種文(wen)化(hua)品牌,一(yi)定會像(xiang)茅臺酒(jiu)那樣(yang)令婦孺皆知。到那時,感(gan)動上帝的不(bu)是哪(na)一(yi)個人,而是思(si)硯----國之(zhi)寶,是思(si)硯經久不(bu)息的歷史和文(wen)化(hua)!