芒果视频下载

簡介

宋(song)(song)(song)元(yuan)通(tong)寶是(shi)宋(song)(song)(song)代的第一種(zhong)鑄錢(qian)(qian)，鑄于宋(song)(song)(song)太(tai)祖建隆元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)960年(nian)(nian)，錢(qian)(qian)式沿襲“周(zhou)元(yuan)通(tong)寶”成(cheng)規，為小平(ping)錢(qian)(qian)。錢(qian)(qian)文對(dui)讀，是(shi)國(guo)號加寶文的國(guo)號錢(qian)(qian)。后宋(song)(song)(song)太(tai)祖傳位于弟(di)宋(song)(song)(song)太(tai)宗趙光義(yi)即(ji)位，于太(tai)平(ping)興國(guo)年(nian)(nian)間（976年(nian)(nian)—983年(nian)(nian)）年(nian)(nian)鑄“太(tai)平(ping)通(tong)寶”錢(qian)(qian)，錢(qian)(qian)式同“宋(song)(song)(song)元(yuan)通(tong)寶”。

當(dang)時(shi)四(si)川及福建出(chu)鐵錢(qian)。福建所出(chu)鐵錢(qian)，背郭清晰，鑄(zhu)工頗(po)精(jing)，大(da)受歡迎，于是(shi)又(you)推(tui)出(chu)一種(zhong)直徑4.2厘米的當(dang)十(shi)大(da)錢(qian)，書法鑄(zhu)工均(jun)不錯，背穿(chuan)上有一個(ge)圓(yuan)點，可能是(shi)一種(zhong)紀念錢(qian)，現存世不多。這兩種(zhong)“太平通寶”都為五代風(feng)格，而鑄(zhu)工精(jing)整，深厚淳(chun)樸(pu)可比(bi)開元錢(qian)。

宋元(yuan)(yuan)通寶為(wei)宋開國(guo)錢。錢文(wen)仿(fang)八分書，形制仿(fang)唐開元(yuan)(yuan)。有(you)銅(tong)、鐵(tie)(tie)兩種(zhong)，鐵(tie)(tie)錢十當銅(tong)錢一(yi)。宋元(yuan)(yuan)通寶版別較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)，除(chu)背有(you)星、直、日、月、上(shang)菱紋外，常見(jian)的(de)主(zhu)要有(you)：大字(zi)、長通、狹通、小字(zi)闊(kuo)緣等。較(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)少(shao)見(jian)的(de)有(you)：大字(zi)右挑元(yuan)(yuan)、接郭、開元(yuan)(yuan)版低頭通、鐵(tie)(tie)母(mu)狹宋、闊(kuo)宋昂寶、折二樣(yang)等。

外型

外圓內方，錢文仿八分(fen)書，形制仿唐開元。有銅、鐵(tie)兩種，背有星、月紋等，鐵(tie)錢十當銅錢一(yi)。

源流

原意

錢本(ben)農器(qi)，其(qi)(qi)狀類鏟(chan)，用以(yi)劃地除(chu)草者(zhe)。生(sheng)民之(zhi)初(chu)，人(ren)各自(zi)給自(zi)足(zu)，無(wu)所謂交易(yi)，更(geng)無(wu)所謂過(guo)籌，偶有所需，即(ji)以(yi)農器(qi)為交易(yi)之(zhi)媒。是農器(qi)者(zhe)，即(ji)當(dang)時所用之(zhi)過(guo)籌，亦(yi)即(ji)今日(ri)之(zhi)所謂幣(bi)也。以(yi)后，因交易(yi)之(zhi)增繁，漸致農器(qi)之(zhi)不足(zu)以(yi)應用，遂(sui)象(xiang)其(qi)(qi)形而(er)制物以(yi)代之(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)形狀及用途均與(yu)農器(qi)之(zhi)錢等(deng)，故仍名(ming)之(zhi)曰錢，此通籌之(zhi)所以(yi)名(ming)錢者(zhe)以(yi)此。

記載

至(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)肇始(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年代，現已(yi)(yi)無(wu)法確考(kao)(kao)。但據《管子》載，稱(cheng)錢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)興蓋(gai)自(zi)(zi)燧(sui)人(ren)氏以輕重為天下利(li)，至(zhi)(zhi)黃帝時，其(qi)法寢備，則《紀原(yuan)》謂始(shi)(shi)于帝堯遭(zao)大水而(er)始(shi)(shi)鑄錢者(zhe)非，此說似屬近理。蓋(gai)雖非始(shi)(shi)自(zi)(zi)燧(sui)人(ren)氏，其(qi)相(xiang)去(qu)亦不(bu)遠(yuan)也。據后世多數考(kao)(kao)古家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)考(kao)(kao)證，在出土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)古錢中，有(you)一(yi)種(zhong)鏟幣(bi)與(yu)黃帝后任何時期之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錢幣(bi)不(bu)同(tong)，糟朽已(yi)(yi)達(da)極(ji)點，握手(shou)即行(xing)粉(fen)碎，其(qi)花紋字體與(yu)五帝三代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器無(wu)一(yi)相(xiang)同(tong)，是或即燧(sui)人(ren)氏最初所鑄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錢歟?至(zhi)(zhi)伏羲氏乃鑄棘幣(bi)，據史載，伏羲氏聚(ju)天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)銅以鑄幣(bi)，今日所見古錢，凡文(wen)字與(yu)骨甲刻字相(xiang)同(tong)者(zhe)，皆系(xi)此時所鑄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物也。

此后(hou)，錢(qian)(qian)之為(wei)(wei)用(yong)深人民間(jian)(jian)(jian)，各代帝王(wang)無不以鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)為(wei)(wei)要政。神農時，鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)尤多，惟式(shi)(shi)樣仍系鐘形，文(wen)字(zi)(zi)仍用(yong)刀刻(ke)，與(yu)伏(fu)羲(xi)氏所(suo)(suo)制(zhi)者(zhe)殆無少(shao)異。至黃帝時，對于鑄(zhu)幣(bi)尤為(wei)(wei)努力，據史(shi)載(zai)，黃帝以柏高為(wei)(wei)壙(kuang)師，煉銅鑄(zhu)幣(bi)。又載(zai)，黃帝開(kai)首(shou)山之礦(kuang)以鑄(zhu)幣(bi)。故(gu)三(san)代以前，以黃帝鑄(zhu)幣(bi)之時間(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)最久，而所(suo)(suo)鑄(zhu)之幣(bi)亦獨多也。按黃帝所(suo)(suo)鑄(zhu)之幣(bi)，多數仍為(wei)(wei)鏟(chan)式(shi)(shi)，但間(jian)(jian)(jian)有刀形者(zhe)，字(zi)(zi)體則多為(wei)(wei)刀刻(ke)，間(jian)(jian)(jian)有漆書者(zhe)。堯舜雖(sui)亦鑄(zhu)幣(bi)，但均系拯救饑(ji)溺，偶(ou)爾舉行(xing)，式(shi)(shi)樣文(wen)字(zi)(zi)與(yu)前相同(tong)，并無變異。

至夏時，所(suo)鑄(zhu)雖(sui)亦(yi)為(wei)鏟形(xing)(xing)，但全為(wei)漆書，并無刀刻字(zi)體者。總之(zhi)，自有幣之(zhi)始，以(yi)迄夏初(chu)所(suo)通(tong)用之(zhi)幣，完全均為(wei)鏟形(xing)(xing)。伏(fu)羲(xi)氏(shi)之(zhi)棘(ji)幣，絕非(fei)伏(fu)羲(xi)氏(shi)時所(suo)通(tong)行之(zhi)幣。其(qi)他(ta)葛天氏(shi)之(zhi)圓形(xing)(xing)幣，既系圓孔，亦(yi)定非(fei)通(tong)行之(zhi)幣。至黃(huang)帝(di)時之(zhi)金刀幣，亦(yi)非(fei)通(tong)行之(zhi)幣，是可知在三代(dai)以(yi)前，各代(dai)之(zhi)幣雖(sui)大小文(wen)字(zi)問有不(bu)同，其(qi)為(wei)鏟形(xing)(xing)則(ze)一也(ye)。

至商之(zhi)時(shi)，除仍鑄幣(bi)(bi)(bi)外，又兼鑄方(fang)孔圓周之(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)，蓋(gai)取(qu)天圓地方(fang)之(zhi)義也(ye)。而《古泉匯》竟謂方(fang)孔之(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)始于伏羲，實(shi)杜(du)論也(ye)。因(yin)方(fang)孔之(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)其文字(zi)均為(wei)篆(zhuan)體，伏羲氏時(shi)何當有(you)(you)篆(zhuan)字(zi)也(ye)，此說不(bu)攻自破。及(ji)周，一切法(fa)商，但所鑄者(zhe)，圓幣(bi)(bi)(bi)多(duo)而鏟幣(bi)(bi)(bi)少也(ye)'其字(zi)體則大小篆(zhuan)兼有(you)(you)，與夏略(lve)同。至景(jing)王時(shi)，更鑄大錢，文曰(yue)“寶貨”。又鑄刀(dao)(dao)錢，亦(yi)曰(yue)寶貨，每刀(dao)(dao)之(zhi)頭(tou)有(you)(you)環一，故幣(bi)(bi)(bi)制有(you)(you)稱(cheng)環法(fa)者(zhe)，蓋(gai)即(ji)本此也(ye)。

統一

秦始皇并滅(mie)六國，統一天下(xia)，毀滅(mie)先王，推翻前制，以(yi)便(bian)于(yu)萬(wan)世自(zi)為，因收得(de)民(min)間之(zhi)銅器而改(gai)(gai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)錢(qian)(qian)，雖錢(qian)(qian)質如(ru)周，而文(wen)(wen)(wen)則(ze)曰(yue)“半兩(liang)”，不(bu)曰(yue)“寶貨”矣。及漢，以(yi)秦錢(qian)(qian)太重(zhong)，不(bu)便(bian)于(yu)用，遂改(gai)(gai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)榆莢錢(qian)(qian)，以(yi)錢(qian)(qian)之(zhi)輕(qing)有(you)似榆莢，隨風吹動，并非(fei)形似榆莢也。雖文(wen)(wen)(wen)仍曰(yue)“半兩(liang)”，而實較秦錢(qian)(qian)為輕(qing)。及呂(lv)后為政(zheng)，鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)八銖(zhu)之(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)。孝文(wen)(wen)(wen)帝時莢錢(qian)(qian)益輕(qing)，乃(nai)改(gai)(gai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)四銖(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)，其文(wen)(wen)(wen)仍曰(yue)“半兩(liang)”，令(ling)民(min)自(zi)由鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造。故(gu)吳王劉濞以(yi)即山鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)，富埒(lie)天子(zi)，鄧通以(yi)蜀之(zhi)銅山鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)財過王者。然錢(qian)(qian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)為“半兩(liang)”而無輪廓，故(gu)吳鄧之(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)布滿天下(xia)。且縣(xian)官可(ke)以(yi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)，民(min)亦間盜鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，于(yu)是(shi)錢(qian)(qian)益輕(qing)薄(bo)。乃(nai)令(ling)縣(xian)官銷(xiao)半兩(liang)錢(qian)(qian)，更鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)三(san)銖(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)如(ru)其重(zhong)。以(yi)三(san)銖(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)輕(qing)，易奸詐，乃(nai)更鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)五銖(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)，周郭其下(xia)，令(ling)不(bu)可(ke)摩取镕(rong)焉。

鑄造

民多奸鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)，錢(qian)(qian)益多益輕，京師鑄(zhu)鐘官赤側，一當五(wu)賦，俗所(suo)謂紫紺(gan)錢(qian)(qian)。悉禁郡國(guo)勿鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)，專(zhuan)令上林三官鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)，而(er)令天下非(fei)三官錢(qian)(qian)不得行使。諸郡國(guo)所(suo)鑄(zhu)之錢(qian)(qian)皆(jie)(jie)廢銷之，輸其銅(tong)入三官。孝元帝(di)奉承大(da)業，溫(wen)恭少(shao)欲(yu)，都內錢(qian)(qian)四十萬(wan)(wan)萬(wan)(wan)，水衡錢(qian)(qian)二(er)十五(wu)萬(wan)(wan)萬(wan)(wan)，少(shao)府錢(qian)(qian)十八萬(wan)(wan)萬(wan)(wan)，都內、水衡、少(shao)府即三官錢(qian)(qian)，皆(jie)(jie)天子之私藏也。

孝武帝更鑄行(xing)三分(fen)(fen)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。王莽居攝(she)，變(bian)漢制，更鑄大(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，徑(jing)一(yi)寸(cun)二分(fen)(fen)，重(zhong)(zhong)十(shi)(shi)二銖(zhu)(zhu)，文曰(yue)“大(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五十(shi)(shi)”。又(you)造契刀(dao)、錯(cuo)(cuo)刀(dao)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)環(huan)如大(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，身形如刀(dao)，長(chang)二寸(cun)，文曰(yue)“契刀(dao)五百”，錯(cuo)(cuo)刀(dao)以(yi)黃金(jin)錯(cuo)(cuo)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)文曰(yue)“一(yi)刀(dao)值五千(qian)”，與五銖(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)凡四品并(bing)行(xing)于世。莽纂位，忌惡(e)劉氏，以(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)文有金(jin)刀(dao)，故乃罷錯(cuo)(cuo)刀(dao)、契刀(dao)及五銖(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，而更作金(jin)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)、龜貝、錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)布(bu)(bu)(bu)之(zhi)品，名曰(yue)“寶(bao)貨(huo)”。小錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)徑(jing)六分(fen)(fen)，重(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)銖(zhu)(zhu)，文曰(yue)“小錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)值一(yi)”；次(ci)(ci)徑(jing)七分(fen)(fen)，重(zhong)(zhong)三銖(zhu)(zhu)，文曰(yue)：“么錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一(yi)十(shi)(shi)”；又(you)次(ci)(ci)徑(jing)八分(fen)(fen)，重(zhong)(zhong)五銖(zhu)(zhu)，文曰(yue)“幼錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二十(shi)(shi)”；又(you)次(ci)(ci)徑(jing)九分(fen)(fen)，重(zhong)(zhong)七銖(zhu)(zhu)，文曰(yue)“中錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三十(shi)(shi)”；又(you)次(ci)(ci)徑(jing)一(yi)寸(cun)，重(zhong)(zhong)九銖(zhu)(zhu)，文曰(yue)“壯(zhuang)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四十(shi)(shi)”；及十(shi)(shi)二銖(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)大(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。是為(wei)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)貨(huo)六品，其(qi)(qi)(qi)值各如其(qi)(qi)(qi)文。又(you)鑄大(da)(da)布(bu)(bu)(bu)、次(ci)(ci)布(bu)(bu)(bu)、弟(di)布(bu)(bu)(bu)、壯(zhuang)布(bu)(bu)(bu)、中布(bu)(bu)(bu)、差布(bu)(bu)(bu)、厚布(bu)(bu)(bu)、幼布(bu)(bu)(bu)、么布(bu)(bu)(bu)、小布(bu)(bu)(bu)。小布(bu)(bu)(bu)長(chang)一(yi)寸(cun)五分(fen)(fen)，重(zhong)(zhong)十(shi)(shi)五銖(zhu)(zhu)，文曰(yue)“小布(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)百”。

自(zi)小(xiao)布以上，各相(xiang)長一(yi)(yi)分，相(xiang)重(zhong)一(yi)(yi)銖(zhu)(zhu)，文(wen)名(ming)為其布名(ming)，值各加(jia)一(yi)(yi)百。上至大布，長二寸四(si)分，重(zhong)一(yi)(yi)兩，而(er)值千(qian)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)矣(yi)。是為布十品(pin)，皆為銅鑄(zhu)，遂(sui)廢漢(han)之(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。東漢(han)馬(ma)援(yuan)為虎賁中郎將，親對光武申(shen)述，求(qiu)復五(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)，乃從之(zhi)(zhi)，遂(sui)鑄(zhu)五(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。后漢(han)公孫述廢銅，置鐵官錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。及董(dong)卓為逆，壞五(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，更鑄(zhu)小(xiao)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，而(er)無輪郭。悉取洛(luo)陽(yang)、西安之(zhi)(zhi)銅人，鐘虛銅馬(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)屬充(chong)(chong)鑄(zhu)焉(yan)。孫權(quan)嘉(jia)平五(wu)年(nian)，鑄(zhu)大錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，一(yi)(yi)當(dang)五(wu)百。赤烏(wu)元年(nian)'又(you)鑄(zhu)當(dang)千(qian)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。晉元帝過江，用孫氏(shi)舊錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，輕重(zhong)雜行，大者謂之(zhi)(zhi)比輪，中者謂之(zhi)(zhi)四(si)文(wen)。吳興沈充(chong)(chong)又(you)鑄(zhu)小(xiao)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，謂之(zhi)(zhi)沈郎錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。

宋代

至六朝，宋(song)元祖即位，鑄(zhu)二銖錢(qian)，形式轉(zhuan)細。官錢(qian)每出，民間即模效私(si)鑄(zhu)，而(er)大小厚薄皆不及(ji)。太宗(zong)明帝景和元年(nian)春，鑄(zhu)二銖錢(qian)。民益私(si)鑄(zhu)之(zhi)，由是千錢(qian)長不盈三(san)寸，謂之(zhi)鵝眼(yan)錢(qian)。劣于此者謂之(zhi)綖環(huan)，貫之(zhi)以(yi)縷，入水不沉(chen)，隨(sui)手破碎，市井不欲流行，數十(shi)萬(wan)錢(qian)不盈一(yi)掬。十(shi)一(yi)月乃(nai)罷(ba)二銖錢(qian)，禁鵝眼(yan)、綖環(huan)等錢(qian)，余(yu)皆用之(zhi)。

梁敬帝太平(ping)二年四月，鑄(zhu)(zhu)四柱錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，一準二十(shi)(shi)，后又(you)改曰“柱錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一準十(shi)(shi)”。南(nan)史(shi)曹武(wu)在(zai)雍州(zhou)致見錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)七千萬(wan)，皆為厚輪大(da)(da)廓。魏所用之(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，民多私鑄(zhu)(zhu)，日就薄小，乃(nai)至(zhi)(zhi)風飄水浮。楊(yang)侃鎮雍州(zhou)，聽民與(yu)(yu)官共鑄(zhu)(zhu)五(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，復上(shang)書申請之(zhi)。孝莊帝從之(zhi)。乃(nai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)五(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，并(bing)古錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，不限大(da)(da)小，悉聽行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)。雞眼、環依律而禁，并(bing)以(yi)京都銅(tong)像(xiang)毀以(yi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，世號曰“河陽錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)”。周武(wu)帝更鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，文曰“布泉”，以(yi)一當五(wu)，與(yu)(yu)五(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)并(bing)行(xing)(xing)。更鑄(zhu)(zhu)五(wu)行(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)布錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，以(yi)一當十(shi)(shi)，與(yu)(yu)布泉錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)并(bing)行(xing)(xing)。至(zhi)(zhi)宣武(wu)帝大(da)(da)象元年十(shi)(shi)一月，鑄(zhu)(zhu)永通(tong)萬(wan)國錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，以(yi)一當十(shi)(shi)，與(yu)(yu)五(wu)行(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)布錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)并(bing)行(xing)(xing)。

發展

隋時(shi)，巨(ju)奸大猾(hua)遂多私鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，益薄(bo)惡。初(chu)每千猶重(zhong)二斤，后漸輕至(zhi)一(yi)斤，或(huo)剪(jian)鐵繅裁皮糊紙以(yi)為錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，相雜(za)用之。唐時(shi)之江淮錢(qian)(qian)(qian)尤濫惡，有官爐(lu)、偏(pian)爐(lu)、積(ji)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)、時(shi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)數色。高祖(zu)武(wu)德初(chu)鑄(zhu)開通錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，仰篆隸八分體，十文重(zhong)一(yi)兩(liang)，為開通元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)寶(bao)(bao)。第五琦請(qing)鑄(zhu)乾元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)重(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，以(yi)一(yi)代十。既當國(guo)，又鑄(zhu)重(zhong)規錢(qian)(qian)(qian)五十。及史(shi)思明僭號，鑄(zhu)順天(tian)得一(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。宋(song)太宗改(gai)(gai)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為太平興國(guo)，更鑄(zhu)太平通寶(bao)(bao)。淳化后改(gai)(gai)鑄(zhu)，又親書(shu)淳化元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)寶(bao)(bao)，作真行草三體。后改(gai)(gai)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)更鑄(zhu)，皆曰元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)寶(bao)(bao)。復而冠以(yi)年號，至(zhi)是改(gai)(gai)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，則曰宋(song)通元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)寶(bao)(bao)。

太(tai)宗皇帝(di)大(da)觀元(yuan)年，首鑄御書當十(shi)錢(qian)(qian)，以(yi)京畿瀘之(zhi)(zhi)復鑄烏(wu)背瀘銅錢(qian)(qian)，詔以(yi)剪銅式(shi)，頒行(xing)諸州。前世(shi)鑄錢(qian)(qian)未有草書者(zhe)(zhe)，始以(yi)宸翰為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)，既成，以(yi)賜(si)近臣。蜀人更私為(wei)鐵錢(qian)(qian)，仁宗特命以(yi)皇宋通寶為(wei)文(wen)。慶歷以(yi)后，冠以(yi)年號，如舊神宗熙寧六年十(shi)月行(xing)折二錢(qian)(qian)。高宗更毀(hui)民私鑄之(zhi)(zhi)毛(mao)錢(qian)(qian)。南宋之(zhi)(zhi)季(ji)，中國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)北部(bu)為(wei)遼金(jin)(jin)所(suo)占據者(zhe)(zhe)多年，因之(zhi)(zhi)遼金(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)流人中國(guo)(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)甚(shen)多，且鑄造均(jun)極精(jing)良如遼太(tai)祖耶律(lv)阿保機所(suo)鑄之(zhi)(zhi)夭顯錢(qian)(qian)、天贊錢(qian)(qian)，形式(shi)文(wen)字(zi)均(jun)極精(jing)妙，金(jin)(jin)海陵王(wang)所(suo)鑄之(zhi)(zhi)正隆(long)錢(qian)(qian)、世(shi)宗之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)定錢(qian)(qian)，亦(yi)均(jun)佳美。《金(jin)(jin)史(shi)》謂其(qi)中有銀，或(huo)不虛也(ye)。元(yuan)朝入主中國(guo)(guo)，改鑄大(da)錢(qian)(qian)，以(yi)前各代之(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)體(ti)式(shi)均(jun)小．不受人民歡迎，遂漸淘(tao)汰。惟至元(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)末，國(guo)(guo)用不給，創行(xing)權鈔，即(ji)于銅錢(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)右，書明權鈔二字(zi)，其(qi)左方書明幾兩幾分字(zi)樣，即(ji)此(ci)一枚銅錢(qian)(qian)，權作銀若(ruo)干，亦(yi)即(ji)當十(shi)當百之(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)意也(ye)。