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簡介

宋(song)(song)(song)(song)元(yuan)通(tong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)代的第一種鑄(zhu)錢(qian)，鑄(zhu)于(yu)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)太(tai)祖建(jian)隆(long)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)960年(nian)(nian)，錢(qian)式沿襲“周元(yuan)通(tong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)”成(cheng)規(gui)，為小平(ping)錢(qian)。錢(qian)文對讀(du)，是(shi)國號加寶(bao)(bao)(bao)文的國號錢(qian)。后宋(song)(song)(song)(song)太(tai)祖傳位(wei)于(yu)弟宋(song)(song)(song)(song)太(tai)宗趙(zhao)光義即位(wei)，于(yu)太(tai)平(ping)興國年(nian)(nian)間（976年(nian)(nian)—983年(nian)(nian)）年(nian)(nian)鑄(zhu)“太(tai)平(ping)通(tong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)”錢(qian)，錢(qian)式同“宋(song)(song)(song)(song)元(yuan)通(tong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)”。

當時(shi)四(si)川及福(fu)(fu)建出鐵(tie)錢。福(fu)(fu)建所出鐵(tie)錢，背郭清(qing)晰(xi)，鑄工頗精，大受歡迎，于是又推出一種(zhong)直徑4.2厘米的當十大錢，書法鑄工均不錯，背穿(chuan)上有一個圓點，可(ke)(ke)能是一種(zhong)紀念錢，現存世不多。這兩(liang)種(zhong)“太平通寶”都為五代風格，而鑄工精整，深厚淳樸可(ke)(ke)比開元錢。

宋(song)(song)元通(tong)寶(bao)為宋(song)(song)開(kai)(kai)國錢(qian)。錢(qian)文仿(fang)八分書，形制仿(fang)唐(tang)開(kai)(kai)元。有(you)銅(tong)、鐵兩種(zhong)，鐵錢(qian)十當(dang)銅(tong)錢(qian)一。宋(song)(song)元通(tong)寶(bao)版別較多(duo)，除背有(you)星、直、日、月、上菱(ling)紋外，常見(jian)的(de)主要有(you)：大字(zi)、長通(tong)、狹(xia)通(tong)、小(xiao)字(zi)闊緣等。較為少見(jian)的(de)有(you)：大字(zi)右挑元、接(jie)郭、開(kai)(kai)元版低頭通(tong)、鐵母狹(xia)宋(song)(song)、闊宋(song)(song)昂寶(bao)、折二(er)樣等。

外型

外(wai)圓內方，錢(qian)文仿八分書(shu)，形(xing)制(zhi)仿唐(tang)開元。有銅、鐵兩種，背有星、月紋等，鐵錢(qian)十當銅錢(qian)一(yi)。

源流

原意

錢本農(nong)器(qi)，其狀類鏟，用以(yi)(yi)劃地除草者(zhe)。生民之(zhi)(zhi)初，人各自給自足，無所(suo)謂交(jiao)易，更無所(suo)謂過(guo)籌，偶(ou)有所(suo)需，即以(yi)(yi)農(nong)器(qi)為交(jiao)易之(zhi)(zhi)媒。是農(nong)器(qi)者(zhe)，即當時所(suo)用之(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)籌，亦即今日之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)謂幣(bi)也。以(yi)(yi)后，因交(jiao)易之(zhi)(zhi)增(zeng)繁，漸致農(nong)器(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)不足以(yi)(yi)應用，遂象其形而制物以(yi)(yi)代之(zhi)(zhi)。其形狀及用途均與農(nong)器(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)錢等，故(gu)仍名之(zhi)(zhi)曰錢，此(ci)通籌之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)名錢者(zhe)以(yi)(yi)此(ci)。

記載

至(zhi)其(qi)肇始之(zhi)年代，現已(yi)無(wu)法確考(kao)。但據(ju)《管子》載，稱(cheng)錢(qian)之(zhi)興蓋自(zi)燧(sui)人(ren)(ren)氏(shi)以(yi)輕重(zhong)為天下利，至(zhi)黃帝(di)時，其(qi)法寢備，則《紀(ji)原》謂始于(yu)帝(di)堯遭大水而始鑄(zhu)錢(qian)者非，此(ci)說似(si)屬近理。蓋雖(sui)非始自(zi)燧(sui)人(ren)(ren)氏(shi)，其(qi)相去(qu)亦不(bu)遠也。據(ju)后世(shi)多數(shu)考(kao)古家之(zhi)考(kao)證(zheng)，在出土(tu)之(zhi)古錢(qian)中，有一(yi)種鏟幣(bi)(bi)與(yu)黃帝(di)后任(ren)何時期之(zhi)錢(qian)幣(bi)(bi)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，糟朽已(yi)達極點，握手(shou)即(ji)行粉碎，其(qi)花紋字體與(yu)五(wu)帝(di)三代之(zhi)器無(wu)一(yi)相同(tong)(tong)，是或即(ji)燧(sui)人(ren)(ren)氏(shi)最初所鑄(zhu)之(zhi)錢(qian)歟?至(zhi)伏(fu)羲氏(shi)乃鑄(zhu)棘幣(bi)(bi)，據(ju)史(shi)載，伏(fu)羲氏(shi)聚天下之(zhi)銅以(yi)鑄(zhu)幣(bi)(bi)，今日所見(jian)古錢(qian)，凡文字與(yu)骨甲刻字相同(tong)(tong)者，皆系此(ci)時所鑄(zhu)之(zhi)物也。

此(ci)后，錢(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)用深(shen)人民間(jian)(jian)(jian)，各代帝(di)(di)(di)王無不以(yi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)為(wei)要政。神農(nong)時(shi)，鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)尤(you)多(duo)，惟式(shi)樣(yang)(yang)仍系鐘(zhong)形，文(wen)字仍用刀刻，與伏羲氏所制者殆無少(shao)異。至黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)時(shi)，對于(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)幣(bi)(bi)尤(you)為(wei)努力，據史載，黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)以(yi)柏(bo)高為(wei)壙師(shi)，煉銅鑄(zhu)(zhu)幣(bi)(bi)。又載，黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)開首山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礦以(yi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)幣(bi)(bi)。故三代以(yi)前，以(yi)黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)鑄(zhu)(zhu)幣(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)最久，而所鑄(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)亦獨多(duo)也。按黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)所鑄(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)，多(duo)數仍為(wei)鏟式(shi)，但間(jian)(jian)(jian)有刀形者，字體則多(duo)為(wei)刀刻，間(jian)(jian)(jian)有漆書者。堯舜雖(sui)亦鑄(zhu)(zhu)幣(bi)(bi)，但均(jun)系拯救饑溺，偶爾舉(ju)行，式(shi)樣(yang)(yang)文(wen)字與前相同，并無變異。

至夏時，所鑄雖亦(yi)為鏟形，但全為漆書，并無刀刻字體者。總之(zhi)(zhi)，自有幣(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)始，以(yi)迄夏初所通用之(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)，完全均為鏟形。伏羲(xi)氏(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)棘幣(bi)(bi)，絕(jue)非(fei)(fei)伏羲(xi)氏(shi)(shi)時所通行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)。其(qi)他(ta)葛天氏(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)圓形幣(bi)(bi)，既系圓孔，亦(yi)定(ding)非(fei)(fei)通行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)。至黃帝時之(zhi)(zhi)金(jin)刀幣(bi)(bi)，亦(yi)非(fei)(fei)通行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)，是可知(zhi)在三代以(yi)前(qian)，各代之(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)雖大(da)小文字問有不同，其(qi)為鏟形則(ze)一也。

至商(shang)之時(shi)，除仍鑄幣(bi)外，又兼鑄方(fang)孔圓周(zhou)之幣(bi)，蓋(gai)取天(tian)圓地方(fang)之義也(ye)。而《古泉匯(hui)》竟謂方(fang)孔之幣(bi)始(shi)于伏(fu)羲(xi)，實(shi)杜(du)論也(ye)。因方(fang)孔之幣(bi)其(qi)文字均為篆體，伏(fu)羲(xi)氏時(shi)何當有篆字也(ye)，此說(shuo)不攻自破。及周(zhou)，一切法商(shang)，但所鑄者(zhe)，圓幣(bi)多而鏟幣(bi)少也(ye)'其(qi)字體則(ze)大(da)小篆兼有，與(yu)夏略同。至景王(wang)時(shi)，更(geng)鑄大(da)錢(qian)，文曰(yue)“寶貨”。又鑄刀錢(qian)，亦曰(yue)寶貨，每刀之頭(tou)有環一，故(gu)幣(bi)制有稱環法者(zhe)，蓋(gai)即本此也(ye)。

統一

秦(qin)始(shi)皇(huang)并滅六國(guo)，統一天(tian)下(xia)，毀(hui)滅先王(wang)，推翻前制，以(yi)(yi)便于萬(wan)世自(zi)為(wei)，因收得民間之(zhi)銅器(qi)而(er)(er)改(gai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)重錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，雖錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)質如周，而(er)(er)文則曰(yue)(yue)“半(ban)(ban)(ban)兩(liang)”，不(bu)(bu)曰(yue)(yue)“寶(bao)貨”矣。及漢(han)，以(yi)(yi)秦(qin)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)太重，不(bu)(bu)便于用，遂改(gai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)榆(yu)莢(jia)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，以(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)輕(qing)有(you)似(si)榆(yu)莢(jia)，隨風吹動，并非形似(si)榆(yu)莢(jia)也。雖文仍曰(yue)(yue)“半(ban)(ban)(ban)兩(liang)”，而(er)(er)實較(jiao)秦(qin)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)為(wei)輕(qing)。及呂(lv)后(hou)為(wei)政，鑄(zhu)(zhu)八銖之(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。孝(xiao)文帝時莢(jia)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)益輕(qing)，乃(nai)改(gai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)四銖錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，其文仍曰(yue)(yue)“半(ban)(ban)(ban)兩(liang)”，令(ling)民自(zi)由(you)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造。故(gu)吳(wu)王(wang)劉濞以(yi)(yi)即(ji)山鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，富埒(lie)天(tian)子，鄧(deng)通以(yi)(yi)蜀之(zhi)銅山鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)財過(guo)王(wang)者(zhe)。然錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)文為(wei)“半(ban)(ban)(ban)兩(liang)”而(er)(er)無(wu)輪廓，故(gu)吳(wu)鄧(deng)之(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)布滿(man)天(tian)下(xia)。且(qie)縣官(guan)可以(yi)(yi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，民亦間盜鑄(zhu)(zhu)，于是(shi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)益輕(qing)薄(bo)。乃(nai)令(ling)縣官(guan)銷半(ban)(ban)(ban)兩(liang)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，更鑄(zhu)(zhu)三銖，文如其重。以(yi)(yi)三銖錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)輕(qing)，易奸詐(zha)，乃(nai)更鑄(zhu)(zhu)五銖錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，周郭其下(xia)，令(ling)不(bu)(bu)可摩取(qu)镕焉(yan)。

鑄造

民多奸鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，錢(qian)(qian)(qian)益多益輕，京師鑄(zhu)鐘(zhong)官(guan)(guan)赤側，一(yi)當五(wu)賦，俗所(suo)謂紫紺錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。悉禁郡(jun)國勿鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，專令(ling)上(shang)林三官(guan)(guan)鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，而(er)令(ling)天下非(fei)三官(guan)(guan)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)不得行使(shi)。諸郡(jun)國所(suo)鑄(zhu)之錢(qian)(qian)(qian)皆廢銷之，輸其銅入三官(guan)(guan)。孝元帝奉承大業，溫恭少欲，都內錢(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)十萬(wan)萬(wan)，水衡錢(qian)(qian)(qian)二(er)十五(wu)萬(wan)萬(wan)，少府(fu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)十八萬(wan)萬(wan)，都內、水衡、少府(fu)即(ji)三官(guan)(guan)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，皆天子之私藏(zang)也。

孝武帝(di)更鑄(zhu)行(xing)三分(fen)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。王(wang)莽居攝，變漢制(zhi)，更鑄(zhu)大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，徑(jing)一寸(cun)二分(fen)，重(zhong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)“大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)”。又(you)造契刀(dao)(dao)、錯(cuo)刀(dao)(dao)，其(qi)(qi)環如(ru)(ru)大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，身形(xing)如(ru)(ru)刀(dao)(dao)，長(chang)(chang)二寸(cun)，文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)“契刀(dao)(dao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)”，錯(cuo)刀(dao)(dao)以黃(huang)金錯(cuo)，其(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)“一刀(dao)(dao)值五(wu)(wu)(wu)千”，與(yu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)凡四(si)品并(bing)行(xing)于世(shi)。莽纂(zuan)位，忌惡劉(liu)氏，以錢(qian)(qian)(qian)文(wen)(wen)有金刀(dao)(dao)，故乃罷錯(cuo)刀(dao)(dao)、契刀(dao)(dao)及(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，而更作金錢(qian)(qian)(qian)、龜貝(bei)、錢(qian)(qian)(qian)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)之品，名(ming)曰(yue)(yue)“寶貨(huo)”。小(xiao)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)徑(jing)六(liu)分(fen)，重(zhong)一銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)“小(xiao)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)值一”；次(ci)(ci)(ci)徑(jing)七分(fen)，重(zhong)三銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)：“么錢(qian)(qian)(qian)一十(shi)(shi)(shi)”；又(you)次(ci)(ci)(ci)徑(jing)八分(fen)，重(zhong)五(wu)(wu)(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)“幼(you)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)”；又(you)次(ci)(ci)(ci)徑(jing)九分(fen)，重(zhong)七銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)“中錢(qian)(qian)(qian)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)”；又(you)次(ci)(ci)(ci)徑(jing)一寸(cun)，重(zhong)九銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)“壯錢(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)”；及(ji)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。是為錢(qian)(qian)(qian)貨(huo)六(liu)品，其(qi)(qi)值各如(ru)(ru)其(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)。又(you)鑄(zhu)大(da)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、次(ci)(ci)(ci)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、弟布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、壯布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、中布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、差布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、厚布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、幼(you)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、么布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、小(xiao)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)。小(xiao)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)長(chang)(chang)一寸(cun)五(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)，重(zhong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)“小(xiao)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一百(bai)”。

自小布(bu)以上，各相長一分，相重(zhong)一銖，文名(ming)為(wei)其布(bu)名(ming)，值各加一百。上至大布(bu)，長二寸四分，重(zhong)一兩，而值千錢(qian)(qian)(qian)矣。是為(wei)布(bu)十(shi)品，皆為(wei)銅(tong)鑄，遂廢漢之(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)銖錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。東漢馬援為(wei)虎賁中郎將，親對光武申述(shu)，求復五(wu)(wu)銖，乃從之(zhi)(zhi)，遂鑄五(wu)(wu)銖錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。后(hou)漢公孫述(shu)廢銅(tong)，置鐵官錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。及董卓為(wei)逆，壞五(wu)(wu)銖錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，更鑄小錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，而無輪郭(guo)。悉(xi)取(qu)洛(luo)陽、西(xi)安(an)之(zhi)(zhi)銅(tong)人，鐘虛銅(tong)馬之(zhi)(zhi)屬充鑄焉。孫權嘉(jia)平五(wu)(wu)年，鑄大錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，一當五(wu)(wu)百。赤烏元年'又(you)鑄當千錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。晉元帝過(guo)江，用孫氏(shi)舊(jiu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，輕重(zhong)雜行，大者謂之(zhi)(zhi)比輪，中者謂之(zhi)(zhi)四文。吳興沈充又(you)鑄小錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，謂之(zhi)(zhi)沈郎錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。

宋代

至六朝(chao)，宋元祖即位(wei)，鑄二銖錢(qian)，形式轉細(xi)。官錢(qian)每出，民(min)間(jian)即模(mo)效私(si)鑄，而大小厚薄皆(jie)(jie)不及。太宗明帝景和元年春，鑄二銖錢(qian)。民(min)益(yi)私(si)鑄之，由是千錢(qian)長(chang)不盈(ying)三寸(cun)，謂(wei)之鵝(e)眼錢(qian)。劣(lie)于(yu)此者謂(wei)之綖環(huan)，貫之以縷，入水不沉，隨手破碎(sui)，市井不欲流行，數十萬錢(qian)不盈(ying)一(yi)掬(ju)。十一(yi)月乃罷二銖錢(qian)，禁(jin)鵝(e)眼、綖環(huan)等錢(qian)，余皆(jie)(jie)用之。

梁敬帝(di)(di)太平(ping)二年(nian)(nian)四(si)月，鑄(zhu)四(si)柱(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，一準二十，后又(you)改(gai)曰“柱(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一準十”。南(nan)史(shi)曹(cao)武(wu)在雍州(zhou)致見錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)七千萬(wan)，皆為(wei)厚輪(lun)大(da)(da)廓。魏所用之(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，民多私(si)鑄(zhu)，日就薄小，乃(nai)至風飄(piao)水浮(fu)。楊(yang)侃鎮雍州(zhou)，聽民與(yu)(yu)官共鑄(zhu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)銖(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，復上書申請之(zhi)。孝(xiao)莊帝(di)(di)從之(zhi)。乃(nai)鑄(zhu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)銖(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，并(bing)古錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，不(bu)限大(da)(da)小，悉聽行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)。雞眼、環(huan)依律而禁，并(bing)以(yi)京都銅像毀(hui)以(yi)鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，世(shi)號(hao)曰“河陽錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)”。周武(wu)帝(di)(di)更鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，文(wen)曰“布(bu)(bu)泉”，以(yi)一當五(wu)(wu)(wu)，與(yu)(yu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)銖(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)并(bing)行(xing)(xing)。更鑄(zhu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)布(bu)(bu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，以(yi)一當十，與(yu)(yu)布(bu)(bu)泉錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)并(bing)行(xing)(xing)。至宣(xuan)武(wu)帝(di)(di)大(da)(da)象元年(nian)(nian)十一月，鑄(zhu)永通萬(wan)國錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，以(yi)一當十，與(yu)(yu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)布(bu)(bu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)并(bing)行(xing)(xing)。

發展

隋時，巨奸大(da)猾遂多私鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢，益(yi)薄惡(e)。初每千猶重(zhong)二斤(jin)，后(hou)漸輕至一(yi)斤(jin)，或(huo)剪鐵(tie)繅(sao)裁(cai)皮糊(hu)紙以為(wei)錢，相雜用之(zhi)。唐時之(zhi)江淮錢尤濫惡(e)，有官爐、偏爐、積(ji)錢、時錢數(shu)色。高祖武德初鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)開通(tong)錢，仰篆(zhuan)隸(li)八分體，十(shi)文重(zhong)一(yi)兩，為(wei)開通(tong)元(yuan)寶。第五(wu)琦請鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)乾元(yuan)重(zhong)寶錢，以一(yi)代十(shi)。既當國(guo)，又鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)規(gui)錢五(wu)十(shi)。及史思(si)明僭號(hao)，鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)順天(tian)得一(yi)錢。宋太宗改元(yuan)為(wei)太平(ping)興國(guo)，更鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)太平(ping)通(tong)寶。淳化后(hou)改鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，又親書淳化元(yuan)寶，作(zuo)真行草三體。后(hou)改元(yuan)更鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，皆(jie)曰(yue)元(yuan)寶。復而冠以年號(hao)，至是(shi)改元(yuan)，則曰(yue)宋通(tong)元(yuan)寶。

太宗(zong)(zong)皇(huang)帝大觀元(yuan)年，首鑄(zhu)御(yu)書(shu)當(dang)(dang)十(shi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，以(yi)(yi)京(jing)畿瀘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)復鑄(zhu)烏背瀘銅錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，詔以(yi)(yi)剪銅式(shi)，頒行諸州(zhou)。前世(shi)鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)未有草(cao)書(shu)者，始以(yi)(yi)宸翰為(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，既成，以(yi)(yi)賜(si)近臣。蜀人(ren)(ren)更私(si)為(wei)(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，仁宗(zong)(zong)特命以(yi)(yi)皇(huang)宋(song)通寶為(wei)(wei)(wei)文。慶歷以(yi)(yi)后(hou)，冠以(yi)(yi)年號(hao)，如(ru)舊神(shen)宗(zong)(zong)熙寧六年十(shi)月(yue)行折(zhe)二錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。高(gao)宗(zong)(zong)更毀民私(si)鑄(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毛錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。南(nan)宋(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)季(ji)，中(zhong)國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北部為(wei)(wei)(wei)遼金(jin)所占(zhan)據(ju)者多(duo)年，因之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遼金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)流人(ren)(ren)中(zhong)國者甚多(duo)，且鑄(zhu)造均極(ji)精良如(ru)遼太祖耶律阿保機所鑄(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夭(yao)顯(xian)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)、天贊錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，形式(shi)文字(zi)均極(ji)精妙，金(jin)海陵王所鑄(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正隆錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)、世(shi)宗(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大定錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，亦均佳(jia)美。《金(jin)史(shi)》謂(wei)其中(zhong)有銀，或(huo)不(bu)虛也。元(yuan)朝入主中(zhong)國，改鑄(zhu)大錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，以(yi)(yi)前各代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)體式(shi)均小(xiao)．不(bu)受人(ren)(ren)民歡迎，遂漸(jian)淘汰(tai)。惟(wei)至元(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末，國用不(bu)給，創行權(quan)鈔(chao)，即(ji)于銅錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)右(you)，書(shu)明權(quan)鈔(chao)二字(zi)，其左方書(shu)明幾(ji)兩幾(ji)分字(zi)樣，即(ji)此(ci)一枚銅錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，權(quan)作銀若(ruo)干(gan)，亦即(ji)當(dang)(dang)十(shi)當(dang)(dang)百(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同意也。