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簡介

宋(song)元通寶(bao)是宋(song)代的(de)第(di)一種鑄錢，鑄于(yu)宋(song)太(tai)祖建(jian)隆元年(nian)960年(nian)，錢式沿襲“周元通寶(bao)”成規，為小平錢。錢文對讀，是國號加寶(bao)文的(de)國號錢。后宋(song)太(tai)祖傳(chuan)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)弟宋(song)太(tai)宗趙光義即位(wei)(wei)，于(yu)太(tai)平興國年(nian)間（976年(nian)—983年(nian)）年(nian)鑄“太(tai)平通寶(bao)”錢，錢式同(tong)“宋(song)元通寶(bao)”。

當時四川(chuan)及福(fu)建出鐵錢(qian)(qian)。福(fu)建所出鐵錢(qian)(qian)，背郭清(qing)晰，鑄(zhu)工頗精，大(da)受(shou)歡迎，于是又推出一種(zhong)直徑4.2厘米的當十大(da)錢(qian)(qian)，書法(fa)鑄(zhu)工均不(bu)錯，背穿上有一個圓點，可能是一種(zhong)紀念錢(qian)(qian)，現存世(shi)不(bu)多。這兩種(zhong)“太平通(tong)寶”都為五代風(feng)格，而鑄(zhu)工精整(zheng)，深厚淳(chun)樸可比開(kai)元(yuan)錢(qian)(qian)。

宋(song)(song)元(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)寶為宋(song)(song)開(kai)國錢(qian)(qian)。錢(qian)(qian)文仿八分書，形制(zhi)仿唐開(kai)元(yuan)(yuan)。有銅、鐵(tie)(tie)兩種，鐵(tie)(tie)錢(qian)(qian)十當(dang)銅錢(qian)(qian)一。宋(song)(song)元(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)寶版別(bie)較多，除(chu)背有星(xing)、直、日、月、上菱紋外(wai)，常見的(de)主要有：大(da)字(zi)、長通(tong)、狹通(tong)、小字(zi)闊緣(yuan)等。較為少見的(de)有：大(da)字(zi)右挑(tiao)元(yuan)(yuan)、接郭、開(kai)元(yuan)(yuan)版低頭(tou)通(tong)、鐵(tie)(tie)母(mu)狹宋(song)(song)、闊宋(song)(song)昂(ang)寶、折二樣(yang)等。

外型

外圓內方(fang)，錢文(wen)仿(fang)八分書，形制(zhi)仿(fang)唐開元(yuan)。有銅、鐵兩種，背有星、月(yue)紋等(deng)，鐵錢十當銅錢一。

源流

原意

錢本農(nong)(nong)(nong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，其狀類鏟，用(yong)(yong)以劃地除草(cao)者(zhe)(zhe)。生民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)初，人各自給自足，無所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)謂交易(yi)，更無所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)謂過籌(chou)，偶(ou)有所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)需，即(ji)以農(nong)(nong)(nong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)為交易(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)媒。是農(nong)(nong)(nong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)，即(ji)當時(shi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)過籌(chou)，亦即(ji)今(jin)日之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)謂幣也。以后，因交易(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)增繁，漸致農(nong)(nong)(nong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)不足以應用(yong)(yong)，遂(sui)象其形而制(zhi)物以代之(zhi)(zhi)。其形狀及(ji)用(yong)(yong)途(tu)均(jun)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)錢等，故仍名之(zhi)(zhi)曰錢，此通籌(chou)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以名錢者(zhe)(zhe)以此。

記載

至其肇(zhao)始(shi)之(zhi)年代，現已(yi)無(wu)法確考。但據《管子》載，稱錢(qian)之(zhi)興(xing)蓋自(zi)燧人氏(shi)以(yi)輕重為天(tian)下利，至黃(huang)帝時(shi)，其法寢(qin)備，則《紀原》謂始(shi)于帝堯遭大水而始(shi)鑄錢(qian)者(zhe)非，此(ci)說似(si)屬近理。蓋雖非始(shi)自(zi)燧人氏(shi)，其相去亦不(bu)遠也。據后世多數考古(gu)家之(zhi)考證，在(zai)出土之(zhi)古(gu)錢(qian)中，有一種鏟(chan)幣(bi)(bi)與黃(huang)帝后任(ren)何(he)時(shi)期之(zhi)錢(qian)幣(bi)(bi)不(bu)同(tong)，糟朽(xiu)已(yi)達(da)極點，握手即行粉碎，其花紋(wen)字(zi)體與五(wu)帝三代之(zhi)器(qi)無(wu)一相同(tong)，是或(huo)即燧人氏(shi)最初所鑄之(zhi)錢(qian)歟(yu)?至伏(fu)羲氏(shi)乃鑄棘幣(bi)(bi)，據史載，伏(fu)羲氏(shi)聚天(tian)下之(zhi)銅以(yi)鑄幣(bi)(bi)，今日所見古(gu)錢(qian)，凡文字(zi)與骨(gu)甲刻字(zi)相同(tong)者(zhe)，皆系(xi)此(ci)時(shi)所鑄之(zhi)物也。

此后，錢(qian)(qian)之為(wei)(wei)用深人民(min)間，各代帝(di)(di)(di)王無不以(yi)(yi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)為(wei)(wei)要(yao)政。神農時，鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)尤多，惟式(shi)樣仍系(xi)鐘形，文字仍用刀刻(ke)，與伏羲氏所(suo)制者(zhe)殆無少異(yi)。至黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)時，對于鑄(zhu)(zhu)幣(bi)(bi)尤為(wei)(wei)努力，據史載，黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)柏高為(wei)(wei)壙(kuang)師，煉(lian)銅(tong)鑄(zhu)(zhu)幣(bi)(bi)。又載，黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)開首山之礦以(yi)(yi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)幣(bi)(bi)。故三代以(yi)(yi)前，以(yi)(yi)黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)鑄(zhu)(zhu)幣(bi)(bi)之時間為(wei)(wei)最久，而所(suo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)之幣(bi)(bi)亦(yi)獨(du)多也。按黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)所(suo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)之幣(bi)(bi)，多數仍為(wei)(wei)鏟式(shi)，但間有刀形者(zhe)，字體則(ze)多為(wei)(wei)刀刻(ke)，間有漆書者(zhe)。堯舜(shun)雖亦(yi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)幣(bi)(bi)，但均系(xi)拯救(jiu)饑(ji)溺，偶爾舉(ju)行(xing)，式(shi)樣文字與前相同，并無變異(yi)。

至夏時(shi)，所鑄(zhu)雖(sui)亦(yi)為鏟(chan)形，但全為漆書，并無刀(dao)刻字(zi)體(ti)者(zhe)。總之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，自有(you)幣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始，以(yi)迄夏初所通用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幣，完全均(jun)為鏟(chan)形。伏羲(xi)氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)棘幣，絕非伏羲(xi)氏時(shi)所通行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幣。其他葛天氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圓形幣，既(ji)系圓孔，亦(yi)定非通行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幣。至黃帝時(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)金刀(dao)幣，亦(yi)非通行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幣，是(shi)可知在(zai)三代以(yi)前(qian)，各代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幣雖(sui)大小文字(zi)問有(you)不同，其為鏟(chan)形則一也。

至(zhi)商之(zhi)時(shi)(shi)，除仍鑄(zhu)幣(bi)(bi)外，又兼鑄(zhu)方(fang)(fang)孔(kong)圓周之(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)，蓋(gai)取天(tian)圓地方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)義也。而(er)《古泉匯》竟謂(wei)方(fang)(fang)孔(kong)之(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)始于(yu)伏羲，實杜論(lun)也。因方(fang)(fang)孔(kong)之(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)其文(wen)字(zi)均為篆體，伏羲氏時(shi)(shi)何當(dang)有(you)篆字(zi)也，此(ci)說不攻自破。及周，一切法(fa)商，但所鑄(zhu)者，圓幣(bi)(bi)多而(er)鏟幣(bi)(bi)少也'其字(zi)體則(ze)大(da)小篆兼有(you)，與(yu)夏略同。至(zhi)景王時(shi)(shi)，更鑄(zhu)大(da)錢，文(wen)曰“寶貨(huo)”。又鑄(zhu)刀錢，亦曰寶貨(huo)，每刀之(zhi)頭有(you)環(huan)(huan)一，故幣(bi)(bi)制有(you)稱環(huan)(huan)法(fa)者，蓋(gai)即本此(ci)也。

統一

秦(qin)始皇并(bing)滅(mie)(mie)六國，統一天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)，毀滅(mie)(mie)先(xian)王(wang)，推翻前制，以便(bian)于(yu)萬世自為(wei)，因收得民間(jian)之(zhi)銅(tong)器(qi)而(er)(er)改(gai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，雖錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)質如周，而(er)(er)文則曰“半(ban)兩(liang)”，不(bu)曰“寶貨”矣。及漢(han)，以秦(qin)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)太重(zhong)，不(bu)便(bian)于(yu)用，遂(sui)改(gai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)榆莢(jia)(jia)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，以錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)輕(qing)(qing)有(you)似(si)榆莢(jia)(jia)，隨風吹(chui)動，并(bing)非形似(si)榆莢(jia)(jia)也。雖文仍曰“半(ban)兩(liang)”，而(er)(er)實(shi)較(jiao)秦(qin)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)為(wei)輕(qing)(qing)。及呂(lv)后為(wei)政，鑄(zhu)(zhu)八銖(zhu)之(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。孝文帝時莢(jia)(jia)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)益(yi)輕(qing)(qing)，乃改(gai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)四銖(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，其文仍曰“半(ban)兩(liang)”，令民自由鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)。故吳王(wang)劉濞以即山(shan)鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，富埒天(tian)(tian)子，鄧(deng)通(tong)以蜀之(zhi)銅(tong)山(shan)鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)財過王(wang)者(zhe)。然(ran)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)文為(wei)“半(ban)兩(liang)”而(er)(er)無輪廓，故吳鄧(deng)之(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)布滿天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)。且縣官(guan)可以鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，民亦(yi)間(jian)盜鑄(zhu)(zhu)，于(yu)是(shi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)益(yi)輕(qing)(qing)薄。乃令縣官(guan)銷半(ban)兩(liang)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，更(geng)鑄(zhu)(zhu)三(san)(san)銖(zhu)，文如其重(zhong)。以三(san)(san)銖(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)輕(qing)(qing)，易奸(jian)詐，乃更(geng)鑄(zhu)(zhu)五銖(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，周郭其下(xia)(xia)，令不(bu)可摩取镕焉。

鑄造

民多奸(jian)鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)，錢(qian)益(yi)多益(yi)輕，京(jing)師鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐘(zhong)官(guan)赤側，一當五賦(fu)，俗所謂(wei)紫(zi)紺錢(qian)。悉(xi)禁(jin)郡(jun)(jun)國(guo)勿鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)，專(zhuan)令(ling)上林三官(guan)鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)，而令(ling)天下非(fei)三官(guan)錢(qian)不得行使。諸郡(jun)(jun)國(guo)所鑄(zhu)(zhu)之錢(qian)皆廢銷之，輸其(qi)銅入(ru)三官(guan)。孝元(yuan)帝奉承大業，溫恭少(shao)欲，都內錢(qian)四十(shi)萬(wan)萬(wan)，水(shui)(shui)衡錢(qian)二十(shi)五萬(wan)萬(wan)，少(shao)府(fu)錢(qian)十(shi)八萬(wan)萬(wan)，都內、水(shui)(shui)衡、少(shao)府(fu)即三官(guan)錢(qian)，皆天子之私藏也。

孝武帝(di)更(geng)鑄行三(san)(san)分錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。王莽(mang)居攝，變漢制，更(geng)鑄大(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，徑一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)寸(cun)二分，重十二銖(zhu)(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)“大(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)十”。又(you)造契刀(dao)(dao)、錯刀(dao)(dao)，其環如大(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，身形如刀(dao)(dao)，長二寸(cun)，文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)“契刀(dao)(dao)五(wu)百”，錯刀(dao)(dao)以(yi)(yi)黃(huang)金錯，其文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)刀(dao)(dao)值(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)千”，與五(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)凡四品并行于世。莽(mang)纂位，忌惡(e)劉氏，以(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)文(wen)(wen)有(you)金刀(dao)(dao)，故乃(nai)罷(ba)錯刀(dao)(dao)、契刀(dao)(dao)及五(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，而更(geng)作(zuo)金錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)、龜貝、錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)之品，名曰(yue)“寶貨”。小(xiao)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)徑六分，重一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)銖(zhu)(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)“小(xiao)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)值(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”；次(ci)徑七(qi)分，重三(san)(san)銖(zhu)(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)：“么(me)(me)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十”；又(you)次(ci)徑八(ba)分，重五(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)“幼錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二十”；又(you)次(ci)徑九分，重七(qi)銖(zhu)(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)“中錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)十”；又(you)次(ci)徑一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)寸(cun)，重九銖(zhu)(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)“壯錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四十”；及十二銖(zhu)(zhu)之大(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。是為錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)貨六品，其值(zhi)(zhi)各如其文(wen)(wen)。又(you)鑄大(da)(da)(da)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、次(ci)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、弟(di)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、壯布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、中布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、差布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、厚布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、幼布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、么(me)(me)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、小(xiao)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)。小(xiao)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)長一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)寸(cun)五(wu)分，重十五(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)，文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)“小(xiao)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百”。

自小(xiao)布以上，各(ge)相(xiang)長(chang)(chang)一(yi)分，相(xiang)重一(yi)銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，文(wen)名為其布名，值(zhi)各(ge)加一(yi)百。上至(zhi)大布，長(chang)(chang)二寸四分，重一(yi)兩(liang)，而(er)值(zhi)千錢矣。是為布十品，皆(jie)為銅鑄(zhu)(zhu)，遂(sui)廢漢之(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢。東漢馬援為虎賁中郎將，親對光武申述，求(qiu)復(fu)五(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，乃從之(zhi)(zhi)，遂(sui)鑄(zhu)(zhu)五(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢。后漢公孫述廢銅，置鐵官錢。及董卓為逆(ni)，壞五(wu)銖(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢，更鑄(zhu)(zhu)小(xiao)錢，而(er)無輪(lun)郭。悉(xi)取洛陽(yang)、西(xi)安之(zhi)(zhi)銅人，鐘(zhong)虛銅馬之(zhi)(zhi)屬充鑄(zhu)(zhu)焉。孫權嘉(jia)平五(wu)年，鑄(zhu)(zhu)大錢，一(yi)當(dang)五(wu)百。赤烏(wu)元年'又鑄(zhu)(zhu)當(dang)千錢。晉(jin)元帝過江，用孫氏舊錢，輕重雜行，大者謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)比輪(lun)，中者謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)四文(wen)。吳(wu)興沈(shen)(shen)充又鑄(zhu)(zhu)小(xiao)錢，謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)沈(shen)(shen)郎錢。

宋代

至六(liu)朝(chao)，宋元(yuan)祖即位，鑄(zhu)二銖錢，形(xing)式轉細。官錢每出，民間即模效私鑄(zhu)，而(er)大小厚薄皆不及。太(tai)宗明帝景(jing)和(he)元(yuan)年春，鑄(zhu)二銖錢。民益(yi)私鑄(zhu)之，由是千(qian)錢長不盈(ying)三寸(cun)，謂之鵝眼錢。劣于此者謂之綖(yan)環，貫之以縷，入(ru)水不沉，隨手(shou)破碎，市井不欲流行，數(shu)十萬錢不盈(ying)一(yi)掬。十一(yi)月乃罷二銖錢，禁(jin)鵝眼、綖(yan)環等錢，余皆用之。

梁敬帝(di)太(tai)平(ping)二(er)年四月，鑄四柱錢(qian)(qian)，一(yi)準二(er)十(shi)(shi)，后又改曰(yue)(yue)“柱錢(qian)(qian)一(yi)準十(shi)(shi)”。南(nan)史曹武(wu)在(zai)雍州致見錢(qian)(qian)七千(qian)萬(wan)，皆為厚(hou)輪大廓(kuo)。魏(wei)所用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)，民(min)多(duo)私(si)鑄，日就薄小，乃至風飄水(shui)浮(fu)。楊侃鎮(zhen)雍州，聽(ting)民(min)與(yu)官共鑄五(wu)銖錢(qian)(qian)，復上書申請之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。孝莊(zhuang)帝(di)從(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。乃鑄五(wu)銖錢(qian)(qian)，并古錢(qian)(qian)，不限(xian)大小，悉聽(ting)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。雞(ji)眼、環依律而禁，并以京(jing)都銅像(xiang)毀以鑄錢(qian)(qian)，世號曰(yue)(yue)“河陽錢(qian)(qian)”。周武(wu)帝(di)更(geng)鑄錢(qian)(qian)，文曰(yue)(yue)“布泉”，以一(yi)當五(wu)，與(yu)五(wu)銖錢(qian)(qian)并行(xing)。更(geng)鑄五(wu)行(xing)大布錢(qian)(qian)，以一(yi)當十(shi)(shi)，與(yu)布泉錢(qian)(qian)并行(xing)。至宣武(wu)帝(di)大象(xiang)元年十(shi)(shi)一(yi)月，鑄永通萬(wan)國錢(qian)(qian)，以一(yi)當十(shi)(shi)，與(yu)五(wu)行(xing)大布錢(qian)(qian)并行(xing)。

發展

隋時(shi)，巨奸大猾(hua)遂(sui)多私鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢，益薄惡。初(chu)每千猶重(zhong)(zhong)二斤(jin)，后漸輕至一(yi)斤(jin)，或剪鐵繅裁(cai)皮糊紙以(yi)為錢，相雜用之。唐時(shi)之江淮(huai)錢尤濫惡，有官爐、偏爐、積(ji)錢、時(shi)錢數色。高祖武德初(chu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)開通錢，仰篆隸八(ba)分體(ti)，十文重(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)兩(liang)，為開通元(yuan)寶(bao)(bao)。第五(wu)琦請鑄(zhu)(zhu)乾(qian)元(yuan)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)錢，以(yi)一(yi)代十。既當國，又(you)鑄(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)規錢五(wu)十。及史思明僭號，鑄(zhu)(zhu)順天(tian)得一(yi)錢。宋太宗(zong)改元(yuan)為太平興(xing)國，更鑄(zhu)(zhu)太平通寶(bao)(bao)。淳化后改鑄(zhu)(zhu)，又(you)親書淳化元(yuan)寶(bao)(bao)，作真行草(cao)三體(ti)。后改元(yuan)更鑄(zhu)(zhu)，皆曰元(yuan)寶(bao)(bao)。復(fu)而冠以(yi)年號，至是改元(yuan)，則曰宋通元(yuan)寶(bao)(bao)。

太(tai)(tai)宗皇帝大(da)觀元(yuan)年(nian)，首鑄(zhu)御(yu)書當十錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，以(yi)京畿瀘(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)復鑄(zhu)烏背瀘(lu)銅(tong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，詔以(yi)剪銅(tong)式，頒行諸(zhu)州。前(qian)世鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)未有(you)(you)草書者(zhe)(zhe)，始(shi)以(yi)宸翰為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，既成(cheng)，以(yi)賜近臣(chen)。蜀(shu)人更私為鐵錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，仁宗特命以(yi)皇宋通寶為文。慶(qing)歷以(yi)后，冠以(yi)年(nian)號，如(ru)舊神宗熙寧六年(nian)十月行折二錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。高宗更毀(hui)民私鑄(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毛錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。南宋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)季，中(zhong)國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北部為遼金(jin)(jin)所占據者(zhe)(zhe)多年(nian)，因之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遼金(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)流人中(zhong)國者(zhe)(zhe)甚(shen)多，且鑄(zhu)造均(jun)極(ji)(ji)精(jing)良(liang)如(ru)遼太(tai)(tai)祖耶律阿(a)保機(ji)所鑄(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夭(yao)顯錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)、天贊(zan)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，形式文字均(jun)極(ji)(ji)精(jing)妙，金(jin)(jin)海陵王所鑄(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正隆錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)、世宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)定(ding)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，亦均(jun)佳美。《金(jin)(jin)史》謂其中(zhong)有(you)(you)銀，或不(bu)虛(xu)也。元(yuan)朝入主中(zhong)國，改鑄(zhu)大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，以(yi)前(qian)各代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)體(ti)式均(jun)小．不(bu)受(shou)人民歡迎，遂漸淘汰。惟至元(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末，國用不(bu)給，創行權鈔，即(ji)于銅(tong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)右，書明權鈔二字，其左方書明幾兩幾分字樣(yang)，即(ji)此一枚銅(tong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，權作銀若(ruo)干，亦即(ji)當十當百之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同意也。