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戰前情況

國民黨軍

以國民黨軍胡宗南部楊(yang)蔭寰為首之六十(shi)一(yi)旅(lv)，憑(ping)借(jie)城周天(tian)然(ran)斷溝和(he)堅固筑城固守洛川。何文鼎整(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)十(shi)七師(shi)(shi)守延安(an)（工事亦(yi)堅固）。第(di)五兵(bing)團(tuan)裴昌(chang)會(hui)指揮(hui)整(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)三(san)(san)十(shi)六師(shi)(shi)、整(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)三(san)(san)十(shi)八師(shi)(shi)、整(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)六十(shi)五師(shi)(shi)、整(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)三(san)(san)十(shi)師(shi)(shi)等共8個旅(lv)以上兵(bing)力，4月5日由同官（即(ji)銅川）增援洛川，11日始進至(zhi)宜(yi)君，7天(tian)前(qian)(qian)進52公里，行動(dong)空前(qian)(qian)謹慎。整(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)一(yi)師(shi)(shi)位蒲(pu)城作(zuo)機動(dong)。暫(zan)編(bian)(bian)二(er)旅(lv)、新(xin)編(bian)(bian)九(jiu)旅(lv)、騎二(er)旅(lv)等守備涇陽、耀縣、淳化之三(san)(san)角地區。

解放軍

彭德懷(huai)認(ren)為，由于解放(fang)軍繼(ji)續圍攻洛(luo)川(chuan)與待(dai)機(ji)打援比較困(kun)難，但是(shi)原(yuan)攻奪洛(luo)川(chuan)，準備收(shou)復(fu)延(yan)安的計劃不能不有所(suo)改變，故決心向(xiang)胡宗南部后(hou)方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)府（西(xi)安以西(xi)，涇河與渭河之(zhi)(zhi)間的地區(qu)，古稱西(xi)府，首府鳳翔。包(bao)括今(jin)寶(bao)雞、咸陽等(deng)地，地處關中(zhong)、漢中(zhong)和四川(chuan)的咽(yan)喉(hou)要沖，自古以來就是(shi)兵家必爭(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)地）挺(ting)進，攻敵要害之(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)雞，調退延(yan)安、洛(luo)川(chuan)守敵，以達鞏固后(hou)方(fang)和黃龍新區(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)目的。除以三(san)縱隊(dui)繼(ji)續圍困(kun)洛(luo)川(chuan)，迷惑敵人外，主力（一、二、四、六縱隊(dui)）于4月7日由洛(luo)川(chuan)、中(zhong)部（即黃陵(ling)縣）地區(qu)向(xiang)關中(zhong)移動，4月12日先后(hou)抵馬欄(lan)、轉角、廟灣、照金地區(qu)集結。并(bing)依下(xia)列部署西(xi)進：

（1）二、四縱隊統由張宗(zong)遜副司令員指揮為左路，取道高王(wang)鎮(zhen)南渡涇河，奪取監軍(jun)鎮(zhen)（永壽(shou)縣址）、乾縣，得手后一部奪取禮泉、興平(ping)向咸陽佯動，主力(li)迅速奪取武功、扶風(feng)、岐山，相機攻占寶雞(ji)，并徹底破壞興平(ping)附近鐵(tie)路。

（2）一縱隊(dui)為中路(lu)，攻(gong)占(zhan)旬邑后，經張(zhang)洪(hong)鎮渡涇河，奪取彬縣(xian)，向麟游、鳳翔挺進，協同二縱隊(dui)相機(ji)奪取寶(bao)雞。

（3）六(liu)縱隊為右(you)路，于掃清職田鎮(zhen)、太(tai)峪鎮(zhen)、世店鎮(zhen)之反(fan)動地方武裝后，由亭口、彬縣間渡涇(jing)河(he)，爾后依(yi)情況(kuang)相機使(shi)用。

戰役過程

1948年(nian)3月，西(xi)北野戰(zhan)軍由宜(yi)川(chuan)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)南(nan)(nan)下，發起(qi)黃虎山麓戰(zhan)役(yi)，解放黃陵、鄜縣（今富縣）、宜(yi)君、白水等縣，逼近蒲城，圍(wei)攻(gong)洛川(chuan)，并(bing)準備打援。國民黨(dang)(dang)西(xi)安(an)(an)“綏(sui)靖”公署(shu)主任胡(hu)宗(zong)南(nan)(nan)即令(ling)所(suo)屬第(di)(di)(di)(di)5兵團率5個整編師從豫(yu)陜邊(bian)界地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)馳援洛川(chuan)，增(zeng)防西(xi)安(an)(an)。4月6日，西(xi)北野戰(zhan)軍司(si)令(ling)員兼政治委員彭德懷鑒于洛川(chuan)久(jiu)攻(gong)不克(ke)，國民黨(dang)(dang)軍增(zeng)援洛川(chuan)行動(dong)謹慎，原(yuan)準備攻(gong)取(qu)洛川(chuan)后收復延安(an)(an)并(bing)殲(jian)滅國民黨(dang)(dang)援軍一部的(de)計(ji)劃難以實現，且黃龍山區(qu)(qu)(qu)糧(liang)食(shi)匱乏，部隊(dui)不宜(yi)久(jiu)留，而西(xi)府(fu)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)（西(xi)安(an)(an)以西(xi)涇滑兩河之問）國民黨(dang)(dang)軍兵力空虛等情況，遂改(gai)變作戰(zhan)計(ji)劃，決心以第(di)(di)(di)(di)3縱(zong)隊(dui)繼續圍(wei)困洛川(chuan)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)1、第(di)(di)(di)(di)2、第(di)(di)(di)(di)4、第(di)(di)(di)(di)6縱(zong)隊(dui)向西(xi)府(fu)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)挺進，調動(dong)，分散敵軍，尋機殲(jian)其(qi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)5兵團一部，并(bing)相機奪取(qu)胡(hu)宗(zong)南(nan)(nan)集團的(de)補給基地(di)(di)(di)寶雞。

4月(yue)15日(ri)(ri)(ri)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)野(ye)(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)分(fen)3路西(xi)(xi)(xi)進。17~25日(ri)(ri)(ri)攻克常寧(ning)(ning)(ning)、靈臺、風(feng)翔(xiang)、郿縣(xian)(xian)（今(jin)(jin)眉縣(xian)(xian)）等12座城(cheng)鎮(zhen)，逼近寶雞。此時，胡(hu)宗(zong)南(nan)令整(zheng)編第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)17師(shi)(shi)、整(zheng)編第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)90師(shi)(shi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)61旅(lv)(lv)分(fen)別放棄(qi)延(yan)安(an)、洛(luo)川(chuan)(chuan)，回防西(xi)(xi)(xi)安(an)；調(diao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)5兵(bing)(bing)團(tuan)(tuan)會同(tong)(tong)(tong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)行轅副主(zhu)任馬(ma)步(bu)(bu)芳部(bu)整(zheng)編第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)82師(shi)(shi)，共(gong)Il個旅(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)兵(bing)(bing)力，自三原(yuan)(yuan)、鎮(zhen)原(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)分(fen)路馳援寶雞。西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)野(ye)(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)3縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)于21日(ri)(ri)(ri)收復延(yan)安(an)，25日(ri)(ri)(ri)解(jie)放洛(luo)川(chuan)(chuan)，并(bing)追殲(jian)(jian)(jian)國民黨軍(jun)一(yi)部(bu)；第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)2縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)于26日(ri)(ri)(ri)攻占寶雞，殲(jian)(jian)(jian)整(zheng)編第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)76師(shi)(shi)師(shi)(shi)部(bu)及2個團(tuan)(tuan)。23~27日(ri)(ri)(ri)，整(zheng)編第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)82師(shi)(shi)4個步(bu)(bu)騎團(tuan)(tuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)飛機(ji)配合(he)下，突破西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)野(ye)(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)6縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)教(jiao)圍(wei)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)野(ye)(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)為拖住并(bing)殲(jian)(jian)(jian)滅(mie)該(gai)敵(di)(di)，令教(jiao)導(dao)旅(lv)(lv)固(gu)守(shou)，6日(ri)(ri)(ri)以(yi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)4縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)及第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)6縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)新(xin)(xin)編第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)4旅(lv)(lv)從敵(di)(di)軍(jun)側后發起(qi)攻擊，因協同(tong)(tong)(tong)不(bu)(bu)好(hao)(hao)，僅殲(jian)(jian)(jian)其(qi)2000余(yu)(yu)人，接應(ying)教(jiao)導(dao)旅(lv)(lv)突出(chu)了(le)(le)重圍(wei)。7日(ri)(ri)(ri)，胡(hu)宗(zong)南(nan)、馬(ma)步(bu)(bu)芳兩部(bu)南(nan)追北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)堵(du)(du)，企圖圍(wei)殲(jian)(jian)(jian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)野(ye)(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)于屯(tun)子(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)峰鎮(zhen)、涇(jing)(jing)川(chuan)(chuan)之間地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)野(ye)(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)經激戰(zhan)(zhan)，殲(jian)(jian)(jian)其(qi)3000余(yu)(yu)人后，從荔(li)鎮(zhen)附近向(xiang)東(dong)轉(zhuan)移。8~兒日(ri)(ri)(ri)，叉(cha)分(fen)別在(zai)(zai)(zai)蕭(xiao)金(jin)鎮(zhen)以(yi)東(dong)三不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)、寧(ning)(ning)(ning)縣(xian)(xian)以(yi)東(dong)良(liang)(liang)平鎮(zhen)、枸(gou)邑(yi)(yi)（今(jin)(jin)旬邑(yi)(yi)）縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)以(yi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)職(zhi)田鎮(zhen)等地(di)(di)(di)沖(chong)破國民黨軍(jun)的(de)(de)合(he)圍(wei)，于12日(ri)(ri)(ri)擺(bai)脫(tuo)(tuo)追堵(du)(du)，轉(zhuan)至解(jie)放區(qu)(qu)馬(ma)欄(lan)、轉(zhuan)角(jiao)等地(di)(di)(di)。此役，西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)野(ye)(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)共(gong)殲(jian)(jian)(jian)滅(mie)國民黨軍(jun)2.1萬(wan)余(yu)(yu)人，鞏固(gu)和擴大了(le)(le)黃龍解(jie)放區(qu)(qu)。導(dao)旅(lv)(lv)在(zai)(zai)(zai)長武、亭口的(de)(de)陣地(di)(di)(di)，抵達崔木(mu)鎮(zhen)；第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)5兵(bing)(bing)團(tuan)(tuan)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)突破第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)4縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)杏林(lin)、扶風(feng)一(yi)帶的(de)(de)陣地(di)(di)(di)，抵達風(feng)翔(xiang)附近。西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)野(ye)(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)為擺(bai)脫(tuo)(tuo)被夾擊的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)利態勢，于28日(ri)(ri)(ri)撤出(chu)寶雞，向(xiang)隴(long)東(dong)轉(zhuan)移。5月(yue)3日(ri)(ri)(ri)晚，從平涼、涇(jing)(jing)川(chuan)(chuan)間花鎖鎮(zhen)、王村(cun)通過西(xi)(xi)(xi)（安(an)）蘭（州）公(gong)路及涇(jing)(jing)河繼續北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)上(shang)。整(zheng)編第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)36、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)65師(shi)(shi)尾追其(qi)后。5日(ri)(ri)(ri)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)野(ye)(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)先(xian)頭(tou)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)6縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)教(jiao)導(dao)旅(lv)(lv)在(zai)(zai)(zai)鎮(zhen)原(yuan)(yuan)東(dong)南(nan)屯(tun)子(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)被整(zheng)編第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)82師(shi)(shi)3個步(bu)(bu)騎團(tuan)(tuan)包(bao)圍(wei)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)野(ye)(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)為拖住并(bing)殲(jian)(jian)(jian)滅(mie)該(gai)敵(di)(di)，令教(jiao)導(dao)旅(lv)(lv)固(gu)守(shou)，6日(ri)(ri)(ri)以(yi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)4縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)及第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)6縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)新(xin)(xin)編第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)4旅(lv)(lv)從敵(di)(di)軍(jun)側后發起(qi)攻擊，因協同(tong)(tong)(tong)不(bu)(bu)好(hao)(hao)，僅殲(jian)(jian)(jian)其(qi)2000余(yu)(yu)人，接應(ying)教(jiao)導(dao)旅(lv)(lv)突出(chu)了(le)(le)重圍(wei)。7日(ri)(ri)(ri)，胡(hu)宗(zong)南(nan)、馬(ma)步(bu)(bu)芳兩部(bu)南(nan)追北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)堵(du)(du)，企圖圍(wei)殲(jian)(jian)(jian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)野(ye)(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)于屯(tun)子(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)峰鎮(zhen)、涇(jing)(jing)川(chuan)(chuan)之間地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)野(ye)(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)經激戰(zhan)(zhan)，殲(jian)(jian)(jian)其(qi)3000余(yu)(yu)人后，從荔(li)鎮(zhen)附近向(xiang)東(dong)轉(zhuan)移。8~11日(ri)(ri)(ri)，叉(cha)分(fen)別在(zai)(zai)(zai)蕭(xiao)金(jin)鎮(zhen)以(yi)東(dong)三不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)、寧(ning)(ning)(ning)縣(xian)(xian)以(yi)東(dong)良(liang)(liang)平鎮(zhen)、枸(gou)邑(yi)(yi)（今(jin)(jin)旬邑(yi)(yi)）縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)以(yi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)職(zhi)田鎮(zhen)等地(di)(di)(di)沖(chong)破國民黨軍(jun)的(de)(de)合(he)圍(wei)，于12日(ri)(ri)(ri)擺(bai)脫(tuo)(tuo)追堵(du)(du)，轉(zhuan)至解(jie)放區(qu)(qu)馬(ma)欄(lan)、轉(zhuan)角(jiao)等地(di)(di)(di)。

戰役結果

此役，西北野(ye)戰軍共殲(jian)滅國民黨軍2.1萬余人(ren)，鞏固和擴(kuo)大(da)了黃龍(long)解放區。