抗(kang)(kang)日(ri)戰(zhan)爭時期,中國共產(chan)黨為(wei)了(le)(le)團結一切可以(yi)團結的(de)人士(shi)參與抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan),不但積極(ji)倡導和(he)推動(dong)建立(li)了(le)(le)抗(kang)(kang)日(ri)民(min)族統一戰(zhan)線(xian),而且將(jiang)之付諸于政權建設(she)的(de)具體(ti)實(shi)(shi)踐,在抗(kang)(kang)日(ri)根(gen)(gen)據地(di)建立(li)了(le)(le)一種(zhong)嶄新的(de)統一戰(zhan)線(xian)性(xing)質的(de)政權——“三(san)三(san)制”政權,為(wei)抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)勝利做出了(le)(le)重要貢(gong)獻。1941年,抗(kang)(kang)日(ri)根(gen)(gen)據地(di)政權機構(gou)在人員分配上(shang)實(shi)(shi)行“三(san)三(san)制”原則。“三(san)三(san)制”政權是共產(chan)黨領導的(de)抗(kang)(kang)日(ri)民(min)族統一戰(zhan)線(xian)性(xing)質的(de)制度,團結了(le)(le)各抗(kang)(kang)日(ri)階級、階層,爭取了(le)(le)中間力量,孤(gu)立(li)了(le)(le)頑(wan)固勢(shi)力,鞏固和(he)發展了(le)(le)抗(kang)(kang)日(ri)民(min)族統一戰(zhan)線(xian)。
根據這一(yi)(yi)(yi)政策,抗日民主(zhu)政權(quan)中人員的分配(pei),共產(chan)黨(dang)員大體占(zhan)(zhan)三(san)分之一(yi)(yi)(yi),左(zuo)派進步分子(zi)(zi)大體占(zhan)(zhan)三(san)分之一(yi)(yi)(yi),中間分子(zi)(zi)和(he)其他分子(zi)(zi)(不包含國民黨(dang)等頑固勢力)大體占(zhan)(zhan)三(san)分之一(yi)(yi)(yi)。
政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)人員如何組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng),是(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)建設遇到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)二(er)個(ge)(ge)大問題,它(ta)既(ji)表(biao)(biao)明了(le)(le)(le)(le)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)質(zhi),也直(zhi)接關系到(dao)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階級基(ji)(ji)礎是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)鞏固和群眾基(ji)(ji)礎是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)(fan)。與土地(di)(di)(di)(di)革命戰(zhan)爭時期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)農(nong)民主(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)不(bu)同,抗(kang)日(ri)(ri)根(gen)據地(di)(di)(di)(di)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)最顯著的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點,是(shi)(shi)(shi)從1940年開(kai)始實行(xing)"三(san)三(san)制(zhi)",即(ji)在(zai)參議(yi)會和政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)人員中(zhong),不(bu)僅有工(gong)(gong)農(nong)代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao),還(huan)有其他階級階層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao),即(ji)共產黨(dang)員占三(san)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)一(yi),非共產黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)左派進步分(fen)(fen)子占三(san)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)一(yi),不(bu)左不(bu)右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)間派占三(san)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)。中(zhong)國(guo)共產黨(dang)之(zhi)所以在(zai)抗(kang)日(ri)(ri)根(gen)據地(di)(di)(di)(di)實行(xing)"三(san)三(san)制(zhi)",其實質(zhi)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)為了(le)(le)(le)(le)反(fan)對在(zai)黨(dang)內長期存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)"左"傾關門主(zhu)義,實行(xing)更廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民主(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治,建立一(yi)個(ge)(ge)包容性(xing)更強、代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)性(xing)更加廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan),以適(shi)應抗(kang)日(ri)(ri)民族(zu)統一(yi)戰(zhan)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要。"三(san)三(san)制(zhi)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實行(xing)取(qu)得了(le)(le)(le)(le)很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效果。其中(zhong)最突(tu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),是(shi)(shi)(shi)使邊(bian)區(qu)各(ge)級政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)有了(le)(le)(le)(le)廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)性(xing),有力(li)地(di)(di)(di)(di)調動(dong)(dong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)社(she)會各(ge)界團結抗(kang)戰(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極性(xing)。一(yi)些跑到(dao)敵占區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)開(kai)始回鄉(xiang)(xiang),鄉(xiang)(xiang)紳富商也有了(le)(le)(le)(le)在(zai)根(gen)據地(di)(di)(di)(di)投資經營的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極性(xing)。華(hua)中(zhong)根(gen)據地(di)(di)(di)(di)實行(xing)"三(san)三(san)制(zhi)"以后(hou),原地(di)(di)(di)(di)方精英與新四軍和抗(kang)日(ri)(ri)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)出現了(le)(le)(le)(le)少見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)融(rong)洽氣氛,特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)些被選進或者聘(pin)任為參議(yi)員和區(qu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鄉(xiang)(xiang)紳,表(biao)(biao)現出空前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)日(ri)(ri)熱情(qing)。鄉(xiang)(xiang)紳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極性(xing)調動(dong)(dong)起(qi)來以后(hou),減租(zu)減息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻力(li)也相應地(di)(di)(di)(di)減小(xiao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。另外(wai),"三(san)三(san)制(zhi)"也使邊(bian)區(qu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)決策的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民主(zhu)性(xing)、科學性(xing)大大加強,提(ti)高了(le)(le)(le)(le)邊(bian)區(qu)各(ge)級政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)機關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作效率。
1935年(nian)12月,中共中央(yang)在陜(shan)北瓦窯堡(bao)召開政(zheng)治(zhi)局會議,決定把蘇(su)(su)維埃工(gong)農共和(he)國改為(wei)蘇(su)(su)維埃人民共和(he)國。這意(yi)味(wei)著政(zheng)權不再僅僅歸屬于(yu)工(gong)農,而(er)(er)應歸屬于(yu)一切抗日的階(jie)級、階(jie)層和(he)黨(dang)派。1936年(nian)9月,中共中央(yang)根據形勢(shi)的發展,又將“人民共和(he)國”改為(wei)“民主(zhu)(zhu)共和(he)國”,并指(zhi)出:“這是團結一切抗日力(li)量來保障中國領(ling)土(tu)完整(zheng)和(he)預防中國人民遭(zao)受(shou)亡國滅種(zhong)慘禍(huo)的最(zui)好(hao)方法,而(er)(er)且這也是從廣大人民的民主(zhu)(zhu)要求產生(sheng)出來的最(zui)適當的統一戰線的口號(hao),是較(jiao)之一部分領(ling)土(tu)上(shang)的蘇(su)(su)維埃制度在地域(yu)上(shang)更(geng)普(pu)及(ji)的民主(zhu)(zhu),較(jiao)之全中國主(zhu)(zhu)要地區上(shang)國民黨(dang)的一黨(dang)專(zhuan)政(zheng)大大進步的政(zheng)治(zhi)制度,因此(ci)便更(geng)能保障抗日戰爭的普(pu)遍發動(dong)與徹底勝利”。
1937年,抗(kang)戰全面爆發后不久,抗(kang)日(ri)(ri)民族統(tong)一戰線(xian)正式(shi)建(jian)立(li)。與此(ci)同時,中(zhong)國共(gong)產(chan)黨積極(ji)主動(dong)地將統(tong)一戰線(xian)思想付諸于根(gen)據地政權(quan)建(jian)設的(de)(de)具體(ti)(ti)實踐,到1940年初,中(zhong)共(gong)領導的(de)(de)各抗(kang)日(ri)(ri)根(gen)據地已(yi)(yi)普遍建(jian)立(li)了(le)包括各抗(kang)日(ri)(ri)階級、階層(ceng)、黨派(pai)(pai)和(he)團體(ti)(ti)在內的(de)(de)抗(kang)日(ri)(ri)民主政權(quan)。在這些政權(quan)中(zhong),盡管中(zhong)共(gong)以外的(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)他黨派(pai)(pai)、團體(ti)(ti)和(he)工農以外的(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)他階級、階層(ceng)人士(shi)數量還比較(jiao)少,但其(qi)(qi)已(yi)(yi)基本改變了(le)此(ci)前的(de)(de)蘇(su)維埃政權(quan)模式(shi),初步具有了(le)抗(kang)日(ri)(ri)民族統(tong)一戰線(xian)的(de)(de)政權(quan)性(xing)質,從而(er)為“三三制(zhi)”政權(quan)的(de)(de)建(jian)立(li)奠定了(le)堅實的(de)(de)基礎。
1940年(nian)3月,中(zhong)國共(gong)產黨在(zai)總結(jie)抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)以來根據地政(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)建(jian)設(she)經驗(yan)的(de)基礎上,為了更好地貫徹執(zhi)行抗(kang)(kang)日民族(zu)統(tong)一(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)線(xian)的(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)略策略,爭(zheng)取(qu)和(he)團結(jie)各(ge)界人士(shi)共(gong)同抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan),首次(ci)在(zai)黨內正(zheng)式提出(chu)了“三(san)三(san)制”政(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)建(jian)設(she)思想,指出(chu):“在(zai)抗(kang)(kang)日時期,我(wo)們所(suo)建(jian)立的(de)政(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)的(de)性質,是民族(zu)統(tong)一(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)線(xian)的(de)。這種政(zheng)(zheng)權(quan),是一(yi)切(qie)贊成抗(kang)(kang)日又贊成民主(zhu)的(de)人們的(de)政(zheng)(zheng)權(quan),是幾個革命(ming)階(jie)級(ji)聯(lian)合起來對于漢奸(jian)和(he)反動派(pai)的(de)民主(zhu)專政(zheng)(zheng)。”“根據抗(kang)(kang)日民族(zu)統(tong)一(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)線(xian)政(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)的(de)原(yuan)則,在(zai)人員分(fen)(fen)配上,應規定為共(gong)產黨員占三(san)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),非黨的(de)左派(pai)進(jin)步分(fen)(fen)子(zi)占三(san)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),不左不右的(de)中(zhong)間派(pai)占三(san)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。”“必須使黨外進(jin)步分(fen)(fen)子(zi)占三(san)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),因為他們聯(lian)系著廣(guang)大的(de)小資產階(jie)級(ji)。”“給中(zhong)間派(pai)以三(san)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)的(de)位置,目的(de)在(zai)于爭(zheng)取(qu)中(zhong)等資產階(jie)級(ji)和(he)開明紳士(shi)。”
同年7月,毛澤東在(zai)為(wei)紀念抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)3周(zhou)年所發表的(de)《團結(jie)到底》一(yi)(yi)文(wen)中,首次公開向全國人(ren)民(min)(min)提(ti)出(chu)了(le)建(jian)立(li)“三(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)制”政(zheng)(zheng)權的(de)主(zhu)張,指出(chu):“在(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)權問題上(shang),我們主(zhu)張統一(yi)(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)線(xian)政(zheng)(zheng)權,既(ji)不贊(zan)成(cheng)別的(de)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)派(pai)(pai)的(de)一(yi)(yi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)專政(zheng)(zheng),也(ye)不主(zhu)張共產(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)一(yi)(yi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)專政(zheng)(zheng),而主(zhu)張各(ge)(ge)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)、各(ge)(ge)派(pai)(pai)、各(ge)(ge)界、各(ge)(ge)軍的(de)聯(lian)合專政(zheng)(zheng),這即是統一(yi)(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)線(xian)政(zheng)(zheng)權。共產(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)員在(zai)敵人(ren)后(hou)方消滅敵偽政(zheng)(zheng)權建(jian)立(li)抗(kang)(kang)日政(zheng)(zheng)權之(zhi)時,應(ying)該采取我黨(dang)(dang)(dang)中央所決(jue)定的(de)‘三(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)制’,不論政(zheng)(zheng)府人(ren)員中或民(min)(min)意機關中,共產(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)員只占三(san)(san)(san)分之(zhi)一(yi)(yi),而使(shi)其他主(zhu)張抗(kang)(kang)日民(min)(min)主(zhu)的(de)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)派(pai)(pai)和無黨(dang)(dang)(dang)派(pai)(pai)人(ren)士占三(san)(san)(san)分之(zhi)二。無論何人(ren),只要(yao)不投(tou)降不反(fan)共,均可參(can)加(jia)政(zheng)(zheng)府工作。任何黨(dang)(dang)(dang)派(pai)(pai),只要(yao)是不投(tou)降不反(fan)共的(de),應(ying)使(shi)其在(zai)抗(kang)(kang)日政(zheng)(zheng)權下面有存在(zai)和活動之(zhi)權。”此后(hou),根(gen)據(ju)上(shang)述“三(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)制”原則,具有統一(yi)(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)線(xian)性質的(de)“三(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)制”政(zheng)(zheng)權在(zai)敵后(hou)各(ge)(ge)抗(kang)(kang)日根(gen)據(ju)地相繼建(jian)立(li)起來。
“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)自(zi)(zi)己約(yue)束自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)項制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度,需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)身體(ti)力行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),才能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)真(zhen)正(zheng)(zheng)落(luo)到實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)處。當時(shi)(shi)(shi),盡管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)舉中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)既(ji)無(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)干涉人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民多(duo)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)或(huo)少選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)通過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)法(fa)律形(xing)式去(qu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)硬(ying)性(xing)規定,然而(er)事實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)由(you)于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)長期(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)崇高威(wei)望,往(wang)往(wang)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)被選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)到政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)機關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。這(zhe)就(jiu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)通過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)各(ge)級(ji)(ji)組織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴格(ge)自(zi)(zi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)約(yue)束,通過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)(zi)覺(jue)帶頭實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”去(qu)獲得解決,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)保障“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)組織(zhi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)滿實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現。例如,1941年11月15日,陜甘(gan)寧(ning)邊(bian)區參議(yi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)各(ge)議(yi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)小(xiao)組提出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)常(chang)駐議(yi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)候(hou)(hou)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)名(ming)(ming)(ming)單(dan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)數較(jiao)多(duo),于是(shi)謝覺(jue)哉、馬文瑞等12名(ming)(ming)(ming)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)(zi)動要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)退(tui)出(chu)(chu)(chu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)候(hou)(hou)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),肖勁光等6名(ming)(ming)(ming)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)退(tui)出(chu)(chu)(chu)常(chang)駐議(yi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)候(hou)(hou)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),后(hou)(hou)經(jing)(jing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)記名(ming)(ming)(ming)秘密投票方(fang)式從39名(ming)(ming)(ming)候(hou)(hou)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)18名(ming)(ming)(ming)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)7名(ming)(ming)(ming),略超過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi),著名(ming)(ming)(ming)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)徐特立當即(ji)聲明退(tui)出(chu)(chu)(chu),經(jing)(jing)大(da)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)通過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)白(bai)文煥遞補。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)外(wai)(wai)(wai),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)使(shi)(shi)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”原(yuan)則(ze)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)邊(bian)區以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下單(dan)位(wei)也(ye)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)順(shun)利(li)(li)(li)(li)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),還(huan)采取(qu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)許多(duo)補救(jiu)辦(ban)法(fa),如對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)落(luo)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)候(hou)(hou)補議(yi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),由(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)酌(zhuo)量(liang)(liang)聘請,或(huo)由(you)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)正(zheng)(zheng)式議(yi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)辭(ci)職(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)候(hou)(hou)補議(yi)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)補上(shang)(shang);對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)數超過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),由(you)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)辭(ci)職(zhi)后(hou)(hou),另選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)威(wei)望有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)任職(zhi),或(huo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)調動離職(zhi)后(hou)(hou),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)補充等。這(zhe)些(xie)辦(ban)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定和(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)但有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效地(di)(di)保障了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)組織(zhi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)滿實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現,而(er)且充分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)體(ti)現了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)貫(guan)徹(che)(che)(che)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決心和(he)誠意(yi)。 當然,“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”原(yuan)則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貫(guan)徹(che)(che)(che)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)蹴而(er)就(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),而(er)是(shi)經(jing)(jing)歷了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)個思(si)(si)想(xiang)轉變的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)建設(she)之(zhi)初(chu),許多(duo)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)干部在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)思(si)(si)想(xiang)上(shang)(shang)想(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動上(shang)(shang)存(cun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)抵觸情緒。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)耐心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)服教育工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。例如,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)干部認為(wei)(wei)(wei),黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)定非(fei)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)二多(duo)數,致使(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)使(shi)(shi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)揮作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),形(xing)成了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)“請客”,黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愉快(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)客人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尷(gan)尬局面。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)明確(que)指出(chu)(chu)(chu),實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”是(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi),我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)“要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)(shi)各(ge)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)各(ge)派(pai)及(ji)無(wu)(wu)(wu)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)無(wu)(wu)(wu)派(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),都(dou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)說(shuo)(shuo)話(hua)辦(ban)事的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)機會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)替天行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)‘明主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)’,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)切抗(kang)日人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)表(biao),都(dou)一(yi)(yi)定要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)享有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)議(yi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)里(li)講話(hua)、在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)里(li)辦(ban)事的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)和(he)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)(li)(li)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)外(wai)(wai)(wai),還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)干部認為(wei)(wei)(wei),實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”只(zhi)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)(quan)宜(yi)之(zhi)計,只(zhi)是(shi)“拉攏”黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種“手(shou)段”。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)指出(chu)(chu)(chu):“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國社會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個兩頭小(xiao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)”,無(wu)(wu)(wu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)階(jie)級(ji)(ji)和(he)大(da)地(di)(di)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)大(da)資(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)階(jie)級(ji)(ji)都(dou)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)少數,而(er)最廣大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間階(jie)級(ji)(ji)。任何(he)一(yi)(yi)個政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce),如果不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧及(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間階(jie)級(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)(li)益,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)尊重中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間階(jie)級(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)(li)(li),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)把中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事情辦(ban)好(hao)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)些(xie)說(shuo)(shuo)服教育工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)糾正(zheng)(zheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)當時(shi)(shi)(shi)許多(duo)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)干部在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”問(wen)題(ti)(ti)上(shang)(shang)所(suo)存(cun)留的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)門(men)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)和(he)宗派(pai)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)錯誤觀念,為(wei)(wei)(wei)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建立提供(gong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想(xiang)保證。 實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)只(zhi)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi),如何(he)保持中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)導(dao)地(di)(di)位(wei),就(jiu)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)必(bi)(bi)(bi)須加以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)解決的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),毛(mao)澤(ze)東指出(chu)(chu)(chu),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保證共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)領(ling)導(dao)地(di)(di)位(wei),“必(bi)(bi)(bi)須使(shi)(shi)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)上(shang)(shang)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)優越的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件。只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)這(zhe)個條件,就(jiu)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)保證黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)導(dao)權(quan)(quan)(quan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)(bi)(bi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)數。”因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“所(suo)謂領(ling)導(dao)權(quan)(quan)(quan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)一(yi)(yi)天到晚當作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)口號(hao)去(qu)高喊,也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)盛(sheng)氣凌人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)地(di)(di)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)家服從我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men),而(er)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)和(he)自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模范工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),說(shuo)(shuo)服和(he)教育黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),使(shi)(shi)他們(men)(men)愿意(yi)接受(shou)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建議(yi)。”當時(shi)(shi)(shi),盡管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)根據地(di)(di)內占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)絕對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)優勢,但“黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)參議(yi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)及(ji)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)導(dao),只(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)經(jing)(jing)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)團,黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)委(wei)(wei)(wei)及(ji)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機關(guan)無(wu)(wu)(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)直接命(ming)令參議(yi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)及(ji)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)機關(guan)”。這(zhe)樣(yang),黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)導(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現,只(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)通過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)和(he)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模范工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),去(qu)影響和(he)帶動群眾,按照其(qi)指引的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道路(lu)前進,而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)依靠(kao)(kao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)命(ming)令去(qu)站在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)群眾之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)發(fa)(fa)號(hao)施令,更不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)允許靠(kao)(kao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)“官(guan)衙門(men)”里(li)多(duo)搶位(wei)置去(qu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)所(suo)欲為(wei)(wei)(wei)。黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)導(dao)方(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉變也(ye)給在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)部門(men)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)提出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)更高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。毛(mao)澤(ze)東指出(chu)(chu)(chu),為(wei)(wei)(wei)貫(guan)徹(che)(che)(che)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce),“必(bi)(bi)(bi)須教育擔任政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),克服他們(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愿和(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)慣同黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狹(xia)隘性(xing),提倡民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)風(feng),遇事先和(he)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)商量(liang)(liang),取(qu)得多(duo)數同意(yi),然后(hou)(hou)去(qu)做(zuo)(zuo)。同時(shi)(shi)(shi),盡量(liang)(liang)地(di)(di)鼓勵黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)各(ge)種問(wen)題(ti)(ti)提出(chu)(chu)(chu)意(yi)見(jian)(jian),并傾聽他們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見(jian)(jian)。絕不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)軍隊和(he)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)手(shou),一(yi)(yi)切都(dou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)條件地(di)(di)照我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決定去(qu)做(zuo)(zuo),因(yin)(yin)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)注意(yi)去(qu)努力說(shuo)(shuo)服非(fei)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同意(yi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見(jian)(jian),并心悅誠服地(di)(di)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。”實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐證明,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)導(dao),并沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)因(yin)(yin)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減(jian)少而(er)受(shou)到削弱(ruo),反(fan)而(er)因(yin)(yin)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)上(shang)(shang)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)優勢,能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模范工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)帶頭貫(guan)徹(che)(che)(che)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce),從而(er)更加有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效地(di)(di)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)導(dao)。
“三(san)三(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”政(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)作為(wei)一(yi)種統(tong)一(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)線性質的(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)日民主政(zheng)(zheng)權(quan),從制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度上為(wei)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)士(shi)進(jin)入(ru)政(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)并占有一(yi)定比例提供了(le)保障。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)對(dui)(dui)(dui)進(jin)一(yi)步鞏固(gu)和擴大(da)(da)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)日民族(zu)統(tong)一(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)線,爭取(qu)和團(tuan)結各階級、階層、黨(dang)(dang)(dang)派(pai)(pai)和團(tuan)體參與抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),最終奪取(qu)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)日戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭的(de)(de)(de)徹(che)底勝利,無疑具有重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)歷史意義。對(dui)(dui)(dui)此(ci),彭真的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)段講話(hua)曾從一(yi)個側面反映(ying)了(le)“三(san)三(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”政(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)價(jia)值。他指出,“三(san)三(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”政(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)能“使地(di)主資產階級容易脫離(li)日寇的(de)(de)(de)反動(dong)宣傳和頑(wan)固(gu)分子挑撥離(li)間的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響,比較(jiao)安心地(di)與我們合(he)作抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),支持根據地(di)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設事業。因(yin)為(wei)‘三(san)三(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)’這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種政(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)規定是用(yong)簡單的(de)(de)(de)數字表(biao)現出來(lai)的(de)(de)(de),所以(yi)異(yi)常明(ming)(ming)確(que),容易使黨(dang)(dang)(dang)員及各界人(ren)(ren)士(shi)了(le)解和執(zhi)行(xing),并以(yi)之與國民黨(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)專政(zheng)(zheng)來(lai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)照比較(jiao),權(quan)衡其利弊(bi)是非(fei)。”正是通過這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種鮮(xian)明(ming)(ming)對(dui)(dui)(dui)比,使“三(san)三(san)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”在黨(dang)(dang)(dang)外(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)士(shi)中引起(qi)強烈反響,激(ji)發(fa)了(le)其抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)熱情。當時,被選為(wei)陜甘寧(ning)邊區政(zheng)(zheng)府副(fu)主席的(de)(de)(de)開明(ming)(ming)紳士(shi)李鼎銘在就職演說中指出,共產黨(dang)(dang)(dang)“很愿意大(da)(da)公(gong)無私(si)做到精(jing)誠(cheng)團(tuan)結”,各黨(dang)(dang)(dang)派(pai)(pai)、無黨(dang)(dang)(dang)派(pai)(pai)人(ren)(ren)士(shi)應“互(hu)相信任、互(hu)相親愛”,“看成(cheng)一(yi)家人(ren)(ren),同(tong)力合(he)作,干這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)建(jian)(jian)國的(de)(de)(de)事。”
“三三制”政(zheng)權的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)功實踐,不僅保證了抗日戰(zhan)爭(zheng)的(de)勝利,還為(wei)中國共產黨領(ling)導的(de)多黨合作和(he)政(zheng)治(zhi)協商制度的(de)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)進行了初步探索并(bing)積累了豐富經(jing)驗。