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人物簡介

南疆10萬大山(shan)旳密林(lin)之中常有(you)旅人(ren)不幸遇難(nan),尸體被沼氣(qi),瘴氣(qi),戾氣(qi)所染,經歷百年則成夏(xia)耕尸,這惹來無窮禍害。

《山(shan)海經．大荒西經》說：爰(yuan)有(you)大暑，不可以往(wang)，有(you)人無首，操戈盾立，名(ming)曰夏耕之(zhi)尸。夏耕是夏朝最後一任帝王夏桀的(de)部將，負責(ze)鎮(zhen)守(shou)(shou)章(zhang)山(shan)，商湯伐桀時，被砍掉(diao)了頭(tou)，夏耕的(de)靈魂不死，逃到了巫(wu)山(shan)，成為夏耕尸，他雖然沒有(you)腦(nao)袋，卻依(yi)舊手操戈盾，盡忠職守(shou)(shou)地(di)護衛巫(wu)山(shan)。

主要經歷

《中國神怪》：

”有個人沒(mei)(mei)了(le)腦袋(dai),手(shou)拿一(yi)(yi)把戈和一(yi)(yi)面(mian)盾牌立著,名叫夏(xia)耕尸(shi)(shi)。 從前成(cheng)湯在章山(shan)討(tao)伐夏(xia)桀(jie),打(da)敗了(le)夏(xia)桀(jie),斬殺夏(xia)耕尸(shi)(shi)于他(ta)的(de)面(mian)前。夏(xia)耕尸(shi)(shi)站(zhan)立起(qi)來后(hou)(hou),發覺沒(mei)(mei)了(le)腦袋(dai),為逃避他(ta)的(de)罪咎,于是竄到巫山(shan)去了(le)。夏(xia)耕是夏(xia)朝最(zui)后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)任帝王(wang)夏(xia)桀(jie)的(de)部(bu)將，負(fu)責(ze)鎮守章山(shan)，商湯伐桀(jie)時，被砍(kan)掉(diao)了(le)頭，夏(xia)耕的(de)靈(ling)魂不死，逃到了(le)巫山(shan)，成(cheng)為夏(xia)耕尸(shi)(shi)，他(ta)雖然沒(mei)(mei)有腦袋(dai)，卻依舊手(shou)操(cao)戈盾，盡忠職守地護衛(wei)巫山(shan)。

《山(shan)海經》《大荒西經》記載(zai)：

有人無首，操戈盾立(li)，名曰(yue)夏耕之(zhi)尸(shi)。故成湯伐夏桀(jie)于章山，克之(zhi)，斬耕厥前。耕既立(li)，無首，走厥咎，乃降于巫山。

郭璞注：亦形天尸之類(lei)。

夏耕是夏桀的將軍(jun)，戰敗逃亡，被成湯斬首，與斷首的刑天有幾分相似(si)。但刑天是“與天帝爭神，帝斷其首”的不屈英雄。而夏耕是以敗將來襯托(tuo)成湯的英雄形象。

其他信息

二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)諸(zhu)(zhu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)是(shi)在二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)諸(zhu)(zhu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)基礎上增入四(si)(si)(si)位天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)而成(cheng)“二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)”的(de)(de)。二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)諸(zhu)(zhu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)名(ming)稱都本于印度(du)教（婆羅(luo)門教），具(ju)體是(shi)：一大(da)梵天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)、二(er)(er)(er)帝(di)釋(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)、三(san)多聞天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)、四(si)(si)(si)持國天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)、五(wu)增長(chang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)、六廣目(mu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)、七金剛密跡、八大(da)自在天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)或摩醯首羅(luo)、九散(san)脂大(da)將、十(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)辯才天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)一大(da)功德天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)韋馱天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)堅牢地神(shen)(shen)(shen)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)菩提樹神(shen)(shen)(shen)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)鬼(gui)子母、十(shi)(shi)(shi)六摩利支(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)七日宮天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子、十(shi)(shi)(shi)八月宮天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子、十(shi)(shi)(shi)九娑竭龍王(wang)、二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)閻(yan)摩羅(luo)王(wang)。隋(sui)代(dai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)臺智(zhi)者(zhe)大(da)師(shi)依(yi)據(ju)《金光(guang)明(ming)經·功德天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)品》，制定了(le)(le)《金光(guang)明(ming)三(san)昧懺(chan)法(fa)》。后代(dai)據(ju)此(ci)簡略成(cheng)《齋(zhai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)科儀》，為寺廟(miao)中祭天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)儀軌，依(yi)《金光(guang)明(ming)經·鬼(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)品》等所(suo)說，選下(xia)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)位天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，即(ji)此(ci)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)諸(zhu)(zhu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。到(dao)了(le)(le)明(ming)代(dai)，又增入四(si)(si)(si)位天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，則成(cheng)了(le)(le)“二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)”，即(ji)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一緊那羅(luo)、二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)紫微(wei)大(da)帝(di)、二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)東岳(yue)大(da)帝(di)、二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)雷神(shen)(shen)(shen)。

后三(san)位(wei)是道教神(shen)明，這顯示了(le)明以(yi)后佛道二(er)教相互(hu)借用(yong)與融合(he)的(de)(de)趨(qu)向。前(qian)一位(wei)是天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)龍八(ba)部之(zhi)一，我們將在(zai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)龍八(ba)部條中介紹。其中的(de)(de)二(er)十(shi)諸(zhu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)常常作為(wei)一組(zu)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)塑(su)像和(he)壁畫中，而且(qie)也(ye)時(shi)或出(chu)現(xian)(xian)于水陸法會時(shi)懸(xuan)掛的(de)(de)水陸畫中。但供(gong)奉二(er)十(shi)四諸(zhu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)寺廟(miao)也(ye)不(bu)少(shao)，如(ru)昆明的(de)(de)圓(yuan)通(tong)寶殿、山(shan)西大同的(de)(de)善化寺、五(wu)臺山(shan)金閣寺等(deng)。在(zai)佛教藝術中，“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)”像也(ye)常有(you)(you)單(dan)獨或以(yi)其他組(zu)合(he)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)情況。在(zai)中國佛教石(shi)窟(ku)藝術中，很早就出(chu)現(xian)(xian)了(le)諸(zhu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)形(xing)象(xiang)。如(ru)新疆(jiang)克(ke)孜爾石(shi)窟(ku)第一百十(shi)窟(ku)主室左壁所繪“夜半逾城(cheng)”的(de)(de)佛教故事壁畫中，就出(chu)現(xian)(xian)了(le)帝釋天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)和(he)四天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)形(xing)象(xiang)。云岡石(shi)窟(ku)第八(ba)窟(ku)窟(ku)門(men)兩側，則雕有(you)(you)騎(qi)牛的(de)(de)摩(mo)醯首羅(luo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)和(he)騎(qi)金翅鳥(niao)的(de)(de)鳩摩(mo)羅(luo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。以(yi)下我們將一一介紹除緊那(nei)羅(luo)和(he)四大天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)以(yi)外的(de)(de)二(er)十(shi)四諸(zhu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。