為(wei)膜翅目,胡(hu)蜂(feng)(feng)科。體長竟達40毫米,是(shi)世界上最(zui)大的(de)胡(hu)蜂(feng)(feng)。頭部(bu):寬(kuan)較(jiao)胸(xiong)部(bu)窄(zhai),但略寬(kuan)于前(qian)胸(xiong)背(bei)(bei)板前(qian)緣(yuan)(yuan);胸(xiong)部(bu):前(qian)胸(xiong)背(bei)(bei)板前(qian)緣(yuan)(yuan)中央略隆起(qi),被(bei)中胸(xiong)背(bei)(bei)板端(duan)部(bu)分開,肩角明(ming)顯,前(qian)緣(yuan)(yuan)兩側黃(huang)棕(zong)(zong)色(se),其余(yu)(yu)均呈黑(hei)褐(he)色(se),但有(you)的(de)個體肩角處(chu)各有(you)1棕(zong)(zong)色(se)斑,刻點幾無,但布有(you)棕(zong)(zong)色(se)毛。腹部(bu):除第6節(jie)(jie)背(bei)(bei)、腹板全呈橙黃(huang)色(se)外,其余(yu)(yu)各節(jie)(jie)背(bei)(bei)板均為(wei)棕(zong)(zong)黃(huang)色(se)與黑(hei)褐(he)色(se)相間。捕食多種昆蟲(chong),在生(sheng)物防治(zhi)上有(you)較(jiao)大利用價值,同時亦(yi)會(hui)吸(xi)食成熟水果,帶來一定(ding)害處(chu)。屬東洋、古(gu)北區系共有(you)種。
屬東洋(yang)、古北區系(xi)共有種。
國(guo)(guo)內分布面較廣,北起吉林(長白山),南(nan)至(zhi)臺(tai)灣及廣東、廣西(xi)(xi)、云南(nan)南(nan)緣,東接國(guo)(guo)境線,西(xi)(xi)向沿(yan)遼寧、河(he)北、山西(xi)(xi)、陜西(xi)(xi)(延安)、甘肅(慶陽、隴南(nan)地(di)區)西(xi)(xi)斜,折入四川、云南(nan),止于盆地(di)西(xi)(xi)緣和橫斷山系(xi)東側,是胡蜂科中常(chang)見(jian)種類(lei)之(zhi)一。
國外(wai)分布于朝鮮、日本(北海道一九(jiu)州)及歐(ou)洲(zhou)(法國)。
頭部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu):寬(kuan)較胸(xiong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)窄,但略(lve)寬(kuan)于前胸(xiong)背板前緣。兩(liang)觸(chu)角(jiao)窩之間三(san)(san)角(jiao)狀平面隆(long)起,隆(long)起端(duan)(duan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)伸達唇基(ji)基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu),額(e)溝明顯,整個(ge)頭部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)桔黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se),額(e)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及頰(jia)(jia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)較稀的布有(you)淺刻(ke)點(dian),僅沿后頭邊緣布有(you)棕(zong)色(se)(se)(se)毛(mao),頰(jia)(jia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)寬(kuan),棕(zong)色(se)(se)(se)單(dan)(dan)眼呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)倒三(san)(san)角(jiao)形排(pai)列于兩(liang)復(fu)眼頂部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)之間,每個(ge)單(dan)(dan)眼周圍略(lve)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)。觸(chu)角(jiao)支(zhi)角(jiao)突深棕(zong)色(se)(se)(se),柄節(jie)(jie)棕(zong)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se),鞭節(jie)(jie)黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se),唯基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)數節(jie)(jie)的腹面及端(duan)(duan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)數節(jie)(jie)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)銹色(se)(se)(se)。唇基(ji)略(lve)隆(long)起,寬(kuan)大于高(gao),全呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)桔黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se),密布刻(ke)點(dian),沿端(duan)(duan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)布有(you)棕(zong)色(se)(se)(se)毛(mao),基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)中央凹(ao)陷(xian),端(duan)(duan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)兩(liang)側齒狀突起。上(shang)顎基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)寬(kuan),近三(san)(san)角(jiao)形,桔黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se),端(duan)(duan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)處呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se),端(duan)(duan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)下半部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)3個(ge)齒,上(shang)半部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)刃狀,最上(shang)端(duan)(duan)有(you)1短齒,上(shang)顎布有(you)刻(ke)點(dian)和極短的毛(mao)。頰(jia)(jia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明顯超過復(fu)限寬(kuan)。
胸(xiong)部:前(qian)胸(xiong)背(bei)(bei)板前(qian)緣中(zhong)央略(lve)隆(long)起,被中(zhong)胸(xiong)背(bei)(bei)板端(duan)部分(fen)開,肩角明顯,前(qian)緣兩側(ce)(ce)黃棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se),其余均(jun)呈(cheng)(cheng)黑褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se),但(dan)有(you)的(de)個體肩角處各(ge)(ge)(ge)有(you)1棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)斑,刻(ke)點(dian)(dian)(dian)幾無,但(dan)布(bu)有(you)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。中(zhong)胸(xiong)背(bei)(bei)板略(lve)隆(long)起,中(zhong)央有(you)細縱隆(long)線,刻(ke)點(dian)(dian)(dian)細淺(qian)而稀(xi)(xi)(xi),布(bu)有(you)稀(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),全(quan)呈(cheng)(cheng)黑褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se),但(dan)有(you)些個體于前(qian)緣兩側(ce)(ce)及(ji)近翅(chi)基片(pian)(pian)處各(ge)(ge)(ge)有(you)l條狀(zhuang)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)斑。小(xiao)盾片(pian)(pian)矩形,略(lve)隆(long)起,光滑,稀(xi)(xi)(xi)布(bu)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),全(quan)呈(cheng)(cheng)黑褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se),或棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。后小(xiao)盾片(pian)(pian)向下垂直,五邊(bian)形,端(duan)部突出,光滑、無刻(ke)點(dian)(dian)(dian),稀(xi)(xi)(xi)布(bu)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),全(quan)呈(cheng)(cheng)黑褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se),有(you)時于兩側(ce)(ce)各(ge)(ge)(ge)有(you)1點(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)斑。并胸(xiong)腹節全(quan)呈(cheng)(cheng)黑褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se),稀(xi)(xi)(xi)布(bu)淺(qian)刻(ke)點(dian)(dian)(dian),布(bu)有(you)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),中(zhong)央自淺(qian)溝,背(bei)(bei)面平(ping)。中(zhong)胸(xiong)側(ce)(ce)板黑褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se),布(bu)有(you)淺(qian)刻(ke)點(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。后胸(xiong)側(ce)(ce)板黑褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se),光滑、無毛(mao)(mao)(mao)及(ji)刻(ke)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。翅(chi)基片(pian)(pian)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se),內緣色(se)(se)(se)(se)暗,光滑,后緣稀(xi)(xi)(xi)布(bu)短毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。翅(chi)呈(cheng)(cheng)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se),前(qian)翅(chi)前(qian)緣色(se)(se)(se)(se)略(lve)深。前(qian)、中(zhong)、后足之各(ge)(ge)(ge)節均(jun)呈(cheng)(cheng)黑褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se),僅膝(xi)部及(ji)前(qian)足脛節背(bei)(bei)面呈(cheng)(cheng)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。爪光滑無齒。
腹部(bu)(bu):除第6節(jie)背、腹板(ban)(ban)(ban)全呈橙黃(huang)色外,其余各節(jie)背板(ban)(ban)(ban)均(jun)為(wei)棕(zong)黃(huang)色與(yu)黑褐(he)(he)色相(xiang)間。第1節(jie)腹板(ban)(ban)(ban)全呈黑褐(he)(he)色,第2至5節(jie)腹板(ban)(ban)(ban)均(jun)為(wei)黑褐(he)(he)色,僅于端(duan)部(bu)(bu)確1棕(zong)黃(huang)色窄(zhai)帶。第1節(jie)背板(ban)(ban)(ban)與(yu)第2節(jie)背板(ban)(ban)(ban)兩(liang)端(duan)橙色,中間黑褐(he)(he)色。第3至5節(jie)背板(ban)(ban)(ban)僅于端(duan)部(bu)(bu)邊緣為(wei)橙色,基(ji)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)黑褐(he)(he)色,兩(liang)色橫(heng)帶相(xiang)間之寬窄(zhai),個(ge)體間常略有差異。各節(jie)均(jun)較(jiao)光滑,僅能略見淺細(xi)的刻點(dian),均(jun)布有棕(zong)色毛。
體長約30至40毫米。職蜂較小(xiao)。
近(jin)似于雌蜂。棕色毛較(jiao)密,體上常有些棕色斑。
體長34毫米。
捕(bu)食(shi)多種昆蟲,在生(sheng)物防治上有較大利用價值,同時(shi)亦會吸(xi)食(shi)成熟水果,帶(dai)來一定害處。
鱗翅目幼蟲。