劉秉璋(1826~1905),晚(wan)清重臣,淮軍名(ming)將。字仲良,安徽廬(lu)江(jiang)人(ren)。胸懷大(da)志,青年(nian)中(zhong)舉成名(ming),由于國家(jia)動亂,由翰林院編修而入(ru)軍幕,投筆從戎,平(ping)吳剿(jiao)捻后逐步成長(chang)為一(yi)名(ming)封(feng)建官吏。中(zhong)法戰(zhan)爭期間(jian),力抗外侮,指揮了(le)著名(ming)的“鎮海之(zhi)役(yi)”,維護了(le)國家(jia)尊嚴。督蜀(shu)十(shi)年(nian),勤(qin)政廉潔,用竹籠古法維修都江(jiang)堰(yan)水(shui)利(li)工程,造(zao)福百姓。在“成都教(jiao)(jiao)案”中(zhong)維護民族利(li)益,清廷(ting)罷(ba)其(qi)職。一(yi)生(sheng)淡(dan)泊名(ming)利(li),卻十(shi)分重視教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu),為家(jia)鄉捐(juan)建了(le)三樂堂書(shu)院、南京廬(lu)江(jiang)試館,培養(yang)了(le)一(yi)大(da)批有用之(zhi)材。
劉(liu)(liu)秉璋(1826~1905),字仲良(liang),安(an)徽省廬江縣礬(fan)山鎮劉(liu)(liu)墩村人(明永樂間劉(liu)(liu)秉璋祖先遷此(ci)定居,改(gai)此(ci)地為劉(liu)(liu)家墩,后1983年地名普(pu)查時(shi)改(gai)名劉(liu)(liu)墩),農民(min)家庭,自幼讀書(shu)。咸(xian)豐十年(1860年),中進(jin)士,選為庶吉士,授編修。
同治(zhi)(zhi)元年(nian)(nian)(1862年(nian)(nian)),太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)占據江(jiang)(jiang)寧,劉(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)隨欽差大(da)(da)臣張芾軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)至(zhi)皖(wan)南(nan)(nan),常(chang)(chang)為其籌劃進(jin)(jin)(jin)剿之(zhi)(zhi)策,深得李鴻(hong)章(zhang)贊賞(shang)。李鴻(hong)章(zhang)任江(jiang)(jiang)蘇巡(xun)撫(fu),移軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)上海,鎮壓(ya)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)時,即奏調劉(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)于(yu)帳下。劉(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)遂入淮(huai)(huai)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。時上海駐有英(ying)人戈登訓(xun)練的常(chang)(chang)勝軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),見淮(huai)(huai)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)裝備低劣,服飾又差,皆笑而(er)(er)(er)侮之(zhi)(zhi)。劉(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)對諸(zhu)將士說:“此不(bu)足病(bing)也,顧吾曹能戰(zhan)(zhan)否耳(er)!”后經數戰(zhan)(zhan),淮(huai)(huai)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)作戰(zhan)(zhan)勇敢,常(chang)(chang)獲大(da)(da)捷(jie),深得常(chang)(chang)勝軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)飲(yin)佩,并(bing)積極配合淮(huai)(huai)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)鎮壓(ya)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。同治(zhi)(zhi)二(er)年(nian)(nian),太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)占福(fu)山,進(jin)(jin)(jin)圍常(chang)(chang)熟(shu),形(xing)勢危急。劉(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)會同潘鼎(ding)新、劉(liu)銘傳(chuan)諸(zhu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)進(jin)(jin)(jin)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)福(fu)山,以(yi)(yi)救(jiu)常(chang)(chang)熟(shu),并(bing)約常(chang)(chang)勝軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)炮轟擊太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)營。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)遂解常(chang)(chang)熟(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)圍,回軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)福(fu)山。不(bu)久太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)占浙西各郡,危及江(jiang)(jiang)蘇,李鴻(hong)章(zhang)急令劉(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)自募(mu)一軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),進(jin)(jin)(jin)圍嘉(jia)善(shan)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)在水陸(lu)要(yao)沖(chong)的楓涇(jing)、西塘筑石為壘(lei)(lei),遣數萬人防(fang)守,與(yu)嘉(jia)善(shan)成犄(ji)角之(zhi)(zhi)勢,構成嚴密防(fang)御陣勢。劉(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)率(lv)6000余人,以(yi)(yi)吳長慶、況文榜、王占魁為將,逼壘(lei)(lei)而(er)(er)(er)營。先集(ji)中兵(bing)力攻(gong)(gong)(gong)破(po)西塘,而(er)(er)(er)后乘(cheng)勢前進(jin)(jin)(jin),攻(gong)(gong)(gong)占楓涇(jing),并(bing)擊敗太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)從嘉(jia)興(xing)、平(ping)(ping)湖(hu)、乍浦等(deng)地(di)前來的數萬援軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。因鎮壓(ya)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)有功(gong)(gong),清(qing)廷降旨(zhi)嘉(jia)獎(jiang),以(yi)(yi)侍(shi)講(jiang)遇缺題(ti)奏。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)雖累(lei)敗,但仍(reng)以(yi)(yi)張涇(jing)匯為護(hu)衛,據守嘉(jia)善(shan)。劉(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)約太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)師船,水陸(lu)夾擊張涇(jing)匯。嘉(jia)善(shan)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)來援,劉(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)憑河督戰(zhan)(zhan),腿受槍(qiang)傷,不(bu)后退。士卒鳧(fu)濠直進(jin)(jin)(jin),將張涇(jing)匯攻(gong)(gong)(gong)破(po)。嘉(jia)善(shan)及平(ping)(ping)湖(hu)、乍浦等(deng)地(di)亦被克復(fu)。同治(zhi)(zhi)三年(nian)(nian)七月(yue),劉(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)會同總兵(bing)程(cheng)啟(qi)學進(jin)(jin)(jin)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)嘉(jia)興(xing),盡毀城外太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)營壘(lei)(lei)。他肉搏(bo)登城,晝夜仰攻(gong)(gong)(gong),擲火(huo)焚城中火(huo)藥庫,將城攻(gong)(gong)(gong)破(po),殺害榮王廖發壽、挺(ting)王劉(liu)德功(gong)(gong),清(qing)廷降旨(zhi)賞(shang)戴花翎。繼而(er)(er)(er)進(jin)(jin)(jin)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)湖(hu)州,攻(gong)(gong)(gong)占吳溇(lou)、南(nan)(nan)澤,連戰(zhan)(zhan)皆捷(jie),將浙西太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)肅清(qing)。因劉(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)治(zhi)(zhi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)嚴整,親冒矢石,清(qing)廷降旨(zhi)賞(shang)振勇巴(ba)圖魯名號,遇有應升(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)缺,開列在前。十(shi)月(yue),補(bu)右春坊右庶子,旋轉正庶子。復(fu)升(sheng)侍(shi)講(jiang)學士。
同治(zhi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)二月(yue)(yue)(yue),捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)復(fu)熾(chi)。清(qing)(qing)廷命(ming)曾(ceng)(ceng)國藩為(wei)(wei)(wei)欽(qin)差(cha)大(da)(da)臣,前往(wang)督(du)剿(jiao)(jiao)。曾(ceng)(ceng)國藩即奏(zou)調劉(liu)(liu)秉(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)襄辦軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)務。四(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue),授(shou)劉(liu)(liu)秉(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)江(jiang)蘇(su)按察使(shi)(shi),統軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)駐(zhu)徐州。時捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)轉戰(zhan)(zhan)無定,忽東(dong)(dong)忽西(xi)(xi)難以(yi)(yi)(yi)剿(jiao)(jiao)捕。曾(ceng)(ceng)國藩、李(li)鴻章(zhang)(zhang)皆主張將(jiang)(jiang)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)驅之(zhi)一(yi)隅(yu),聚而(er)殲之(zhi)。眾認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)此法(fa)不切實(shi)際,唯劉(liu)(liu)秉(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)“獨(du)深贊之(zhi)”。五月(yue)(yue)(yue),捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)進攻宿遷埠了鎮(zhen)、洋河(he)(he)集,徑趨(qu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)河(he)(he)。劉(liu)(liu)秉(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)遣吳(wu)長慶、王占魁夜(ye)襲其營,循舊堤(di)追擊(ji),大(da)(da)敗(bai)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)首領(ling)任(ren)柱、賴(lai)(lai)文光(guang)(guang)(guang)與張宗(zong)禹(yu)(yu)(yu)失散,復(fu)折(zhe)而(er)南(nan),渡澮、渦(wo)兩河(he)(he),入懷遠、鳳臺境(jing)。劉(liu)(liu)秉(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)率軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)追至蒙城(cheng)(cheng),會(hui)盛軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)共剿(jiao)(jiao)。七(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue),任(ren)柱、賴(lai)(lai)文光(guang)(guang)(guang)與張宗(zong)禹(yu)(yu)(yu)會(hui)合于(yu)(yu)河(he)(he)南(nan)石固鎮(zhen),將(jiang)(jiang)攻山(shan)東(dong)(dong)。劉(liu)(liu)秉(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)率軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)追至禹(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)寨,以(yi)(yi)(yi)馬隊進擊(ji),又(you)大(da)(da)破捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)擺脫困境(jing),免遭(zao)全殲,分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩部。張宗(zong)禹(yu)(yu)(yu)率一(yi)部西(xi)(xi)往(wang),是為(wei)(wei)(wei)西(xi)(xi)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。任(ren)柱、賴(lai)(lai)文光(guang)(guang)(guang)率一(yi)部東(dong)(dong)往(wang),是為(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。曾(ceng)(ceng)國藩將(jiang)(jiang)進剿(jiao)(jiao)西(xi)(xi)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)任(ren),委于(yu)(yu)總兵(bing)(bing)(bing)劉(liu)(liu)松(song)山(shan),命(ming)劉(liu)(liu)秉(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)與提督(du)楊鼎勛等(deng)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)于(yu)(yu)豫西(xi)(xi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)圍(wei)東(dong)(dong)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。十二月(yue)(yue)(yue),東(dong)(dong)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)轉戰(zhan)(zhan)入湖(hu)北,劉(liu)(liu)秉(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)率軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)追擊(ji),敗(bai)東(dong)(dong)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)于(yu)(yu)德安(an)(an)。同治(zhi)六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)二月(yue)(yue)(yue),功(gong)授(shou)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)布政使(shi)(shi),因剿(jiao)(jiao)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)在急,未(wei)能(neng)到任(ren)。東(dong)(dong)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)德安(an)(an)之(zhi)敗(bai)后,折(zhe)入安(an)(an)徽(hui)霍(huo)山(shan)、太(tai)湖(hu)間(jian)。劉(liu)(liu)秉(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)日(ri)夜(ye)疾馳宿松(song),迎頭將(jiang)(jiang)其擊(ji)敗(bai)。東(dong)(dong)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)復(fu)走(zou)(zou)湖(hu)北,自孝感小河(he)(he)溪徑趨(qu)河(he)(he)口鎮(zhen)。劉(liu)(liu)秉(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)會(hui)勛軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)進擊(ji),勛軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)先至遇伏(fu),總兵(bing)(bing)(bing)張遵道遭(zao)擊(ji)斃。東(dong)(dong)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)乘勝而(er)下(xia),勢(shi)不可(ke)遏。劉(liu)(liu)秉(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)率軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)予以(yi)(yi)(yi)橫擊(ji),吳(wu)長慶、況文榜等(deng)各殊死戰(zhan)(zhan),東(dong)(dong)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)始潰走(zou)(zou)豫。六(liu)(liu)月(yue)(yue)(yue),李(li)鴻章(zhang)(zhang)奉旨(zhi)代曾(ceng)(ceng)國藩督(du)師,自歸德移駐(zhu)濟寧,擬(ni)采取“圍(wei)制”之(zhi)策(ce),扼守運(yun)(yun)(yun)河(he)(he),蹙東(dong)(dong)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)于(yu)(yu)海(hai)隅(yu),進行聚殲。檄劉(liu)(liu)秉(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)速赴濟寧,布置(zhi)運(yun)(yun)(yun)防。劉(liu)(liu)秉(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)得令(ling)(ling),即率部屯駐(zhu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)西(xi)(xi),會(hui)魯、豫、皖(wan)3省兵(bing)(bing)(bing),并(bing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)合剿(jiao)(jiao)。七(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue),東(dong)(dong)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)敗(bai)魯軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)于(yu)(yu)濰河(he)(he),自安(an)(an)邱、臨朐(qu)南(nan)走(zou)(zou),以(yi)(yi)(yi)規江(jiang)淮。李(li)鴻章(zhang)(zhang)急令(ling)(ling)劉(liu)(liu)秉(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)由臺莊過河(he)(he),會(hui)浙(zhe)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)防守清(qing)(qing)江(jiang)。八(ba)至十一(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue),提督(du)劉(liu)(liu)銘傳、郭松(song)林等(deng)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)累獲大(da)(da)捷,任(ren)柱戰(zhan)(zhan)歿,賴(lai)(lai)文光(guang)(guang)(guang)率余騎千余,南(nan)走(zou)(zou)清(qing)(qing)江(jiang)。十二月(yue)(yue)(yue),劉(liu)(liu)秉(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)與道員李(li)昭慶,大(da)(da)敗(bai)東(dong)(dong)捻(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)于(yu)(yu)淮城(cheng)(cheng)。賴(lai)(lai)文光(guang)(guang)(guang)率部退走(zou)(zou)高寶(bao)水鄉,遭(zao)吳(wu)毓蘭(lan)華字營襲擊(ji),全軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)覆沒。同治(zhi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian),劉(liu)(liu)秉(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)家父(fu)病逝,乞(qi)歸守孝3年(nian)(nian)。十一(yi)年(nian)(nian),服闋入都(dou),詔授(shou)江(jiang)西(xi)(xi)布政使(shi)(shi)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)緒元年(nian)(nian)(1875年(nian)(nian)),升江(jiang)西(xi)(xi)巡(xun)撫(fu)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)緒六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian),因劉(liu)(liu)秉(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)任(ren)江(jiang)西(xi)(xi)巡(xun)撫(fu)期(qi)間(jian),在平(ping)息新(xin)疆事(shi)件中(zhong),籌解甘餉,予以(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)力支持,賞(shang)頭品頂帶。八(ba)年(nian)(nian),授(shou)浙(zhe)江(jiang)巡(xun)撫(fu)。此間(jian),臺灣黃(huang)金(jin)滿(man)(man)嘯聚海(hai)濱,結伙為(wei)(wei)(wei)匪,官(guan)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)清(qing)(qing)剿(jiao)(jiao),他遠逃重(zhong)洋,官(guan)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)撤走(zou)(zou),則又(you)復(fu)出。劉(liu)(liu)秉(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)到任(ren)后,經(jing)過詳細偵察,發現(xian)內(nei)地(di)多有間(jian)諜,故兵(bing)(bing)(bing)機(ji)泄露。他采取嚴(yan)辦保甲的(de)(de)辦法(fa),割(ge)斷其與內(nei)地(di)的(de)(de)聯系。黃(huang)金(jin)滿(man)(man)因內(nei)地(di)坐探(tan)被除,兵(bing)(bing)(bing)機(ji)莫測(ce),窮(qiong)蹙就撫(fu)。
光(guang)(guang)緒十(shi)(shi)(shi)年,法(fa)(fa)軍侵(qin)(qin)略越南(nan)事起,劉秉(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)為防御法(fa)(fa)軍入侵(qin)(qin)中國,遂親巡海口(kou)沿岸,筑(zhu)長墻綿亙數(shu)(shu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里,置地雷,封海口(kou),令(ling)(ling)(ling)所有兵(bing)輪(lun)加強戒備(bei)。光(guang)(guang)緒十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)年一(yi)月(yue),法(fa)(fa)軍果(guo)突入蛟門,劉秉(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)令(ling)(ling)(ling)炮(pao)臺守(shou)將(jiang)(jiang)守(shou)備(bei)吳(wu)杰,發(fa)巨炮(pao)將(jiang)(jiang)法(fa)(fa)艦(jian)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)退。越數(shu)(shu)日,法(fa)(fa)艦(jian)復入虎蹲山北,劉秉(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)令(ling)(ling)(ling)守(shou)軍迎擊(ji)(ji)(ji),發(fa)炮(pao)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)中法(fa)(fa)艦(jian)煙(yan)筒和(he)(he)后艄,法(fa)(fa)將(jiang)(jiang)迷祿(lu)中炮(pao)身(shen)亡,大(da)敗而(er)(er)逃。法(fa)(fa)軍大(da)艦(jian)進攻受(shou)挫(cuo),則放小(xiao)輪(lun)潛(qian)(qian)窺南(nan)岸,竄犯寶山口(kou),劉秉(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)令(ling)(ling)(ling)總(zong)(zong)兵(bing)錢(qian)玉(yu)興(xing)挑選驍勇(yong)之(zhi)士,組成(cheng)敢(gan)死(si)隊潛(qian)(qian)伏清(qing)泉嶺下(xia),突而(er)(er)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi),將(jiang)(jiang)法(fa)(fa)軍打得(de)大(da)敗,擊(ji)(ji)(ji)斃和(he)(he)落(luo)水死(si)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)計其(qi)(qi)數(shu)(shu)。鎮海之(zhi)役,計擊(ji)(ji)(ji)沉(chen)法(fa)(fa)艦(jian)一(yi)艘,重(zhong)創三(san)艘,火(huo)輪(lun)、小(xiao)船多(duo)只(zhi),給侵(qin)(qin)略者(zhe)以(yi)沉(chen)重(zhong)的打擊(ji)(ji)(ji)。自(zi)此(ci),法(fa)(fa)軍不(bu)(bu)敢(gan)再(zai)犯。事畢,劉秉(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)具疏,力諫擴充(chong)海防,以(yi)備(bei)不(bu)(bu)虞。光(guang)(guang)緒十(shi)(shi)(shi)二年,劉秉(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)升四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)總(zong)(zong)督。川(chuan)(chuan)省(sheng)幅員遼闊(kuo),外接少數(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)族地區,內(nei)多(duo)匪盜(dao),社會極不(bu)(bu)穩(wen)定(ding)。劉秉(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)到任(ren)后,先后將(jiang)(jiang)萬縣崔英河、茂州何三(san)木匠,川(chuan)(chuan)北陳坤(kun)山,秀(xiu)山姚(yao)復乾等勢力平定(ding)。繼而(er)(er)采取屯田之(zhi)策,安(an)撫(fu)少數(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)族,大(da)小(xiao)涼山拉布浪蟾對等少數(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)族皆請服(fu)。光(guang)(guang)緒二十(shi)(shi)(shi)年元月(yue),奉懿(yi)旨賞加太(tai)子少保銜并御書長壽字(zi)(zi)、福壽字(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)如意蟒(mang)袍等件。劉秉(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)剛任(ren)四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)總(zong)(zong)督時,即奏(zou)調(diao)試用(yong)道葉毓榮、總(zong)(zong)兵(bing)錢(qian)玉(yu)興(xing)等至蜀,對其(qi)(qi)非常(chang)信任(ren)。御史(shi)鐘德祥對劉秉(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)璋(zhang)(zhang)此(ci)舉(ju),進行強烈彈(dan)劾。清(qing)廷(ting)以(yi)濫舉(ju)非人,照(zhao)溺(ni)職(zhi)例,降旨革職(zhi)留任(ren)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue),奉旨開(kai)缺至京,令(ling)(ling)(ling)其(qi)(qi)俟新督到任(ren),再(zai)行交卸。
光緒(xu)十二年(nian)(1886),劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)任(ren)四(si)川(chuan)總(zong)督,在川(chuan)先后派兵(bing)鎮(zhen)壓(ya)萬縣、川(chuan)北、酉(you)陽(yang)等地農民起(qi)義(yi),剿滅(mie)西昌地區彝民起(qi)義(yi)和(he)藏(zang)民起(qi)事(shi),又一再增兵(bing)屯駐西南邊(bian)陲(chui),以(yi)(yi)(yi)資鎮(zhen)懾。查辦遺留的(de)“重慶(qing)教案(an)”。因(yin)美、英教會強行(xing)占(zhan)地建教堂(tang),民眾(zhong)反對,教會組(zu)織武裝殺傷30余(yu)(yu)人,激(ji)起(qi)公憤(fen)(fen)反教會,焚毀教學,散發傳單(dan),揭(jie)露美、英幫助日本(ben)侵略中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)罪行(xing),使(shi)美、英教會更為不(bu)(bu)滿(man),關殺兒童和(he)民眾(zhong)。洋(yang)人踐踏中(zhong)國(guo)主權,激(ji)起(qi)川(chuan)西11縣民眾(zhong)起(qi)來(lai)反教會。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)在查處(chu)中(zhong),他只(zhi)是逮捕亂民石匯(hui)等,繩(sheng)之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)法,并殺教紳羅(luo)元(yuan)義(yi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)泄民憤(fen)(fen)。至是省城(cheng)民教構釁(xin),各屬繼起(qi)。旬日間,教堂(tang)被燒10余(yu)(yu)處(chu),且蔓延到省外。對外國(guo)在中(zhong)國(guo)設立的(de)教堂(tang),清(qing)(qing)廷(ting)早(zao)有(you)(you)旨(zhi)諭(yu),令“各省督撫,嚴飭地方官(guan)(guan)加意保(bao)護(hu)”。御史吳光奎奏(zou)參:“省城(cheng)滋事(shi)之(zhi)始,劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)堅(jian)置不(bu)(bu)理,并未(wei)(wei)派兵(bing)彈(dan)壓(ya),無業游民愈(yu)聚愈(yu)多,以(yi)(yi)(yi)致省外教案(an)層見累(lei)出(chu)”,加之(zhi)在處(chu)理“重慶(qing)教案(an)”中(zhong),僅處(chu)死(si)殺人兇(xiong)手和(he)鬧事(shi)首(shou)領,未(wei)(wei)鎮(zhen)壓(ya)群(qun)眾(zhong),美、英教士不(bu)(bu)滿(man),紛紛致電總(zong)署(shu),要求懲(cheng)(cheng)辦秉(bing)璋(zhang),清(qing)(qing)廷(ting)據此,并迫于英、美、法公使(shi)要挾,將(jiang)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)罷官(guan)(guan)歸里,以(yi)(yi)(yi)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)“任(ren)意廢弛,有(you)(you)負委任(ren)”,“著行(xing)革職,永不(bu)(bu)敘用,以(yi)(yi)(yi)示懲(cheng)(cheng)儆(jing)”。光緒(xu)二十五年(nian),清(qing)(qing)廷(ting)復(fu)用劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang),“詔(zhao)再征之(zhi)”。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秉(bing)璋(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)疾不(bu)(bu)能赴。光緒(xu)三十一年(nian)(1905)病逝(shi)。逝(shi)后,由于兩(liang)江總(zong)督周馥的(de)疏奏(zou),清(qing)(qing)廷(ting)準(zhun)其“復(fu)官(guan)(guan),予優恤,建祠”。
閱兵松潘(pan)道(dao)中(zhong)作(zuo)鈴轅小隊(dui)擁旌(jing)旗,嘉命恭承遠視師。馬齒六旬吾老矣,羊腸九折命驅之(zhi)。層巒細入龍眠(mian)畫,秀嶺(ling)雄于太(tai)白詩。匹(pi)練懸(xuan)流(liu)三(san)百(bai)里,匡廬(lu)瀑布未云奇。
舊院(yuan)習已荒,榛蕪翳眾綠(lv)。命匠(jiang)稍經(jing)營,累石間疏竹。習靜亦(yi)偶然,為(wei)迓高賢躅。詼詭(gui)語驚人,嘯(xiao)歌聲滿屋(wu)。賓朋亦(yi)既(ji)醉,主(zhu)人請繼燭。官樣與儒風,一(yi)齊高閣束。歡笑忽(hu)欷歔,驚心羲馭速。皓(hao)首(shou)百無成,終須同(tong)草木。蓬蓽多窮(qiong)黎,眾樂慚于獨。寵(chong)命忝纓組,幽懷寄泉谷。《道德》五千言(yan),止足義已熟(shu)。欲乞衰朽身(shen),鄉關馳夢轂(gu)。一(yi)壑猶能專,生平愿已足。此如傳舍然,徒(tu)爾勞板筑。新(xin)詩惠袞褒,盥手百回讀(du)。
元龍意(yi)氣(qi)昔何如,荏苒光陰付(fu)子虛。政績不(bu)登循吏(li)傳,文章(zhang)豈有(you)茂陵書。死(si)猶(you)腐草螢光點,生比寒花蝶(die)夢蘇(su)。壯不(bu)如人(ren)今老矣,片帆東去啖鰣魚(yu)。
望見蓬(peng)廬喜欲顛,弟(di)兄慰問笑喧闐。豪(hao)貲富擁書千卷,醉態狂歌詩一(yi)篇。清白(bai)差堪貽子姓,燒丹何(he)必學神仙(xian)。興來沽酒招朋好,斫膾烹雌足俸錢。
劉(liu)家(jia)第(di)(di)二代(dai)五(wu)兄弟(di),子承父志,后來(lai)也都曾(ceng)風云過一(yi)時(shi)。老(lao)大劉(liu)體(ti)(ti)乾(qian),在袁世凱(kai)當(dang)政時(shi)官(guan)至四川省省長(宣慰使),所謂(wei)兩代(dai)人(ren)先后督蜀,一(yi)時(shi)傳為(wei)美談;老(lao)二劉(liu)體(ti)(ti)仁是舉人(ren),原在京城為(wei)官(guan),因不愿與袁世凱(kai)合(he)作(zuo),遂棄官(guan)回(hui)家(jia);老(lao)三劉(liu)體(ti)(ti)信(聲(sheng)木)成為(wei)著名(ming)的(de)(de)學者、藏(zang)書(shu)家(jia),他的(de)(de)關于(yu)楚辭類的(de)(de)藏(zang)書(shu),被郭沫若稱為(wei)海內第(di)(di)一(yi)。五(wu)兄弟(di)中最負盛名(ming)者,是后來(lai)出任(ren)中國實業銀行(xing)總經理的(de)(de)劉(liu)體(ti)(ti)智(即老(lao)四晦之)。
劉晦之
劉(liu)(liu)晦之(1879~1962年(nian))名(ming)體(ti)智,晚號善齋老(lao)(lao)人(ren),安徽廬江(jiang)縣礬山鎮(zhen)(zhen)劉(liu)(liu)墩村人(ren),晚清(qing)重臣四(si)(si)川總督劉(liu)(liu)秉璋(zhang)之子。劉(liu)(liu)秉璋(zhang)在浙江(jiang)巡(xun)撫任上時(shi),正值中(zhong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)戰爭(zheng)爆(bao)發。他率(lv)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)坐鎮(zhen)(zhen)杭州。在戰爭(zheng)的關鍵(jian)時(shi)刻,他對(dui)家人(ren)說:“萬一戰場失利,吾(wu)得對(dui)國盡忠,夫人(ren)要盡節,三(san)個兒子(指老(lao)(lao)大劉(liu)(liu)體(ti)乾、老(lao)(lao)二劉(liu)(liu)體(ti)仁(ren)、老(lao)(lao)三(san)劉(liu)(liu)體(ti)信)要盡孝,小(xiao)四(si)(si)、小(xiao)五尚小(xiao),送(song)給李鴻章(zhang)了。”此言一出,軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)中(zhong)將士無不鐵(tie)心(xin)報國。中(zhong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)之戰鎮(zhen)(zhen)海(hai)一役(yi)歷時(shi)103天,空前酷(ku)烈,全憑浙江(jiang)一省的財(cai)力和兵力支持,最終(zhong)戰勝法(fa)(fa)(fa)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。法(fa)(fa)(fa)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)艦(jian)隊司令孤拔受重傷,不久死在澎湖列島。劉(liu)(liu)秉璋(zhang)因此戰獲勝而擢升為四(si)(si)川總督。
劉(liu)晦(hui)之(zhi)正是劉(liu)秉璋(zhang)的“小四”,自(zi)幼(you)聰(cong)慧好讀。因劉(liu)秉璋(zhang)是李(li)鴻章的至交,兩(liang)家又(you)是姻親,故(gu)劉(liu)晦(hui)之(zhi)從(cong)(cong)小就(jiu)得(de)以(yi)進入天津李(li)鴻章的家塾,與(yu)李(li)氏(shi)諸(zhu)子(zi)(zi)弟一起讀書(shu),中西文(wen)俱佳,又(you)得(de)以(yi)與(yu)李(li)氏(shi)門生故(gu)吏及其子(zi)(zi)弟朝夕(xi)相處(chu),過從(cong)(cong)無間,還飽覽了(le)故(gu)家舊族多年秘(mi)示人的典籍(ji)和收藏(zang),這(zhe)都為他后來從(cong)(cong)事銀行業和收藏(zang)事業打下了(le)基礎。
劉晦之的文物收藏(zang)堪稱海內一流,尤其(qi)是(shi)龜甲骨片(pian)和青銅(tong)器的收藏(zang),世間罕(han)有(you)其(qi)比(bi)。
其甲(jia)(jia)骨(gu)文(wen)的收(shou)藏(zang)(zang)在戰(zhan)前就達28000余片(pian),1953年全部出讓給國(guo)家(jia)。據文(wen)物部門統計,現存(cun)我國(guo)大陸的龜(gui)甲(jia)(jia)骨(gu)片(pian),總共9萬余片(pian),分布(bu)在95個機關單位和44位私人(ren)收(shou)藏(zang)(zang)家(jia)手里(li),而劉晦之的28000片(pian),差不(bu)多就占(zhan)了三分之一(yi),是私人(ren)收(shou)藏(zang)(zang)甲(jia)(jia)骨(gu)最大的一(yi)宗(zong)。
1936年郭(guo)(guo)沫若(ruo)(ruo)亡命(ming)日(ri)本(ben)時,日(ri)子過得很(hen)困(kun)窘,有時連毛筆也買不起(qi)。劉晦之(zhi)(zhi)知其(qi)博學多才,就(jiu)將自(zi)己歷年所收集的龜甲(jia)骨片(pian),請人拓(tuo)出文(wen)字,集為(wei)《書(shu)(shu)契叢(cong)編(bian)》,分裝(zhuang)成(cheng)20冊,托(tuo)中(zhong)國(guo)書(shu)(shu)店(dian)的金祖同(tong)帶(dai)到日(ri)本(ben),親手交給(gei)郭(guo)(guo)沫若(ruo)(ruo),供其(qi)研(yan)究、著(zhu)書(shu)(shu)。郭(guo)(guo)沫若(ruo)(ruo)見后嘆為(wei)觀止,從中(zhong)挑選了(le)1595片(pian),先期研(yan)讀考(kao)釋,并據(ju)此(ci)(ci)著(zhu)成(cheng)了(le)甲(jia)骨學上具有重要意(yi)義的巨著(zhu)《殷契粹編(bian)》,在日(ri)本(ben)出版。郭(guo)(guo)沫若(ruo)(ruo)在書(shu)(shu)序中(zhong)一(yi)再感嘆道:“劉氏體智所藏(zang)甲(jia)骨之(zhi)(zhi)多而(er)未見,殆(dai)為(wei)海內外之(zhi)(zhi)冠(guan)。已(yi)盡(jin)拓(tuo)出其(qi)文(wen)字,集為(wei)《書(shu)(shu)契叢(cong)編(bian)》,冊凡二十,去歲夏(xia)間,蒙(meng)托(tuo)金祖同(tong)君遠道見示,更允其(qi)選輯(ji)若(ruo)(ruo)干,先行景布(bu),如此(ci)(ci)高誼,世(shi)所罕遘。余即深受感發,不揣(chuai)谫陋,取其(qi)1595片(pian)而(er)成(cheng)茲編(bian),視諸原著(zhu)雖僅(jin)略當十之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),然其(qi)精(jing)華大率(lv)已(yi)萃于是(shi)矣。”“……然此(ci)(ci)均(jun)賴劉氏搜集椎拓(tuo)之(zhi)(zhi)力,得以幸(xing)存。余僅(jin)坐享其(qi)成(cheng)者,自(zi)無(wu)待論。”(郭(guo)(guo)沫若(ruo)(ruo)《殷契粹編(bian)·序》)感激(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)情,溢于言表。
抗日(ri)戰爭結束后(hou),復旦大(da)學胡厚宣教授從大(da)后(hou)方(fang)返回滬(hu),即常往市(shi)區新閘路上的小(xiao)校經(jing)閣拜訪劉(liu)晦之(zhi)先生,與之(zhi)訂交,參觀過他的藏品,并專(zhuan)門安(an)排學生們(men)前(qian)去參觀他收藏的甲骨。那(nei)是用楠木盒子規規整(zheng)整(zheng)分(fen)裝起(qi)來(lai)的100盒甲骨。打(da)開盒蓋,滿目粲然(ran)。
另有(you)甲(jia)骨(gu)拓(tuo)本《書(shu)契叢(cong)編》20冊,每冊后附(fu)簡單釋文。這套(tao)拓(tuo)本,與盒內的甲(jia)骨(gu)實物先(xian)后次序正相對照(zhao)。胡(hu)厚宣曾(ceng)查(cha)其(qi)甲(jia)骨(gu)實數(shu),實為28192片。著名學者陳(chen)夢家還考證(zheng)過,其(qi)中有(you)300余片為徐乃昌隨庵的舊藏。
1953年,劉氏甲(jia)骨出(chu)讓國(guo)家,由中央文(wen)化部文(wen)物局接收,中國(guo)科學(xue)院考古研(yan)究所(suo)(suo)將其又(you)重(zhong)新墨(mo)拓(tuo)了一遍,拓(tuo)本題名《善齋所(suo)(suo)藏甲(jia)骨拓(tuo)本》。
對于劉氏所藏(zang)甲骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),前些年中國臺灣學(xue)者董作賓不(bu)知何故,認為(wei)(wei)“劉晦之所藏(zang)甲骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)號稱二(er)萬(wan)片(pian),但大者多是(shi)偽刻(ke)”(《甲骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)五(wu)十(shi)年》)。解放后,中科院考(kao)古所主持甲骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)學(xue)史上最權威的(de)著錄《甲骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文合(he)集》時,認真考(kao)證(zheng)過一遍,認為(wei)(wei)劉氏所捐獻的(de)甲骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)中,偽刻(ke)只(zhi)有112片(pian),還不(bu)到1/250,這(zhe)就不(bu)能算是(shi)“多”。董作賓還說:“他(劉氏)的(de)精品,已選入《殷(yin)契粹編》,共1595片(pian),真是(shi)其余不(bu)足(zu)觀也(ye)已。”而事實是(shi),郭沫(mo)若、胡厚(hou)宣在(zai)編《甲骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文合(he)集》時,經詳加考(kao)證(zheng),證(zheng)明郭氏當年編的(de)《殷(yin)契粹編》所收(shou),固然都是(shi)精品,但精品并沒有收(shou)完(wan),如(ru)四方風名刻(ke)辭和(he)一些特大的(de)牛胛(jia)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)卜辭,就沒有收(shou)進。
而《甲骨文合集》在編(bian)輯過(guo)程中,就從(cong)善齋拓本中又(you)選錄了不少精品,而且(qie)有的還很(hen)重要,并非“其余(yu)不足觀也已”。董氏(shi)所說,不知何據?
除去(qu)甲骨和青銅器的收藏之外(wai),小校(xiao)經閣(ge)內還(huan)以藏書(shu)著名(ming)。劉(liu)氏藏書(shu)達10萬(wan)冊之巨。
1934年(nian)他(ta)的(de)(de)住宅里(li)實在容納不下日益增多的(de)(de)藏(zang)書(shu)(shu)了,只(zhi)好專門造一藏(zang)書(shu)(shu)樓,取名小校經閣(ge)。他(ta)的(de)(de)藏(zang)書(shu)(shu)以明(ming)清精刻為主,亦不乏宋(song)元(yuan)古本。至解放時,尚有宋(song)版(ban)9部、各地方(fang)志1000余部,善本達1928冊(此為解放初(chu)上(shang)海市文管會接收時考訂(ding)的(de)(de)結果(guo))。這些(xie)書(shu)(shu)籍(ji)分裝(zhuang)在500只(zhi)特(te)制的(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)箱(xiang)里(li),打開書(shu)(shu)箱(xiang)箱(xiang)蓋,上(shang)面罩(zhao)了一層細細的(de)(de)鐵絲網,這是為了在曝曬時防止(zhi)老鼠鉆進去而特(te)設的(de)(de)。
劉(liu)氏藏書(shu)(shu)還有一個與(yu)眾不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)特點,就(jiu)是《四庫(ku)全書(shu)(shu)》中(zhong)(zhong)被當時(shi)四庫(ku)館臣(chen)們刪改(gai)過的(de)(de)(de)書(shu)(shu),他必須收(shou)(shou)得原來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)舊(jiu)本(ben)。他立志要(yao)把《四庫(ku)》中(zhong)(zhong)“存目(mu)”之書(shu)(shu),依目(mu)錄統(tong)統(tong)收(shou)(shou)齊,收(shou)(shou)不(bu)齊就(jiu)借來(lai)抄錄副本(ben)。他要(yao)以一己之力,收(shou)(shou)齊《四庫(ku)全書(shu)(shu)》所(suo)收(shou)(shou)書(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)原刻本(ben),統(tong)統(tong)恢復(fu)舊(jiu)貌,因(yin)此這小校經閣,長年雇著十幾名抄書(shu)(shu)、校書(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)匠,書(shu)(shu)山書(shu)(shu)海,忙得不(bu)停(ting)。
解放后,劉氏所有的藏書(shu)(shu)連同那500只(zhi)箱(xiang)子,全部捐(juan)(juan)給上海市文(wen)管(guan)會,后又(you)轉入(ru)上海圖書(shu)(shu)館。第一(yi)批捐(juan)(juan)書(shu)(shu)326箱(xiang),67873冊;第二批捐(juan)(juan)歷(li)代(dai)碑刻(ke)拓(tuo)本282種(zhong)(zhong),共436冊,其(qi)中有漢魏(wei)名碑50種(zhong)(zhong);晉至隋79種(zhong)(zhong)、唐185種(zhong)(zhong)、宋金元(yuan)明122種(zhong)(zhong)、雜帖36種(zhong)(zhong);第三批捐(juan)(juan)書(shu)(shu)34箱(xiang)。
1951年9月,還捐(juan)獻了上古三代及秦漢(han)時(shi)期的(de)兵(bing)器(qi)130件,分裝二十(shi)個箱子里,后(hou)由(you)上海市文管(guan)會轉交上海博物(wu)館(guan)保存。為此,陳毅市長曾頒發(fa)嘉獎令,表彰(zhang)他的(de)愛國精神。
劉晦之逝(shi)于1962年(nian),在(zai)(zai)生前已把所有藏品(pin)捐獻(xian)殆盡(還有一大批古(gu)墨、古(gu)硯捐獻(xian)給安徽省博物館,該館為(wei)之特辟(pi)“中國歷代(dai)古(gu)墨陳列(lie)室”),身后不留一石一木,這在(zai)(zai)私(si)家收藏史(shi)上(shang),亦是為(wei)數不多的。