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人物簡介

陳獨秀（1879年(nian)(nian)10月9日(ri)-1942年(nian)(nian)5月27日(ri)），原名慶(qing)同，官名乾(qian)生(sheng)，字仲甫(fu)，號(hao)實庵，安(an)(an)徽(hui)懷寧（今安(an)(an)慶(qing)）人。中國(guo)近現(xian)代史上偉(wei)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)愛國(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)、偉(wei)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)革命(ming)家(jia)與改革家(jia)、偉(wei)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)民(min)主(zhu)主(zhu)義者(zhe)(zhe)、偉(wei)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)啟蒙思(si)想(xiang)家(jia)。他是(shi)新(xin)文化運動(dong)的(de)(de)發起者(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)20世紀中國(guo)第一(yi)次思(si)想(xiang)解放(fang)運動(dong)的(de)(de)倡導者(zhe)(zhe)；是(shi)五四運動(dong)的(de)(de)總(zong)司令，是(shi)五四運動(dong)的(de)(de)思(si)想(xiang)指導者(zhe)(zhe)；是(shi)馬克思(si)主(zhu)義的(de)(de)積極傳播(bo)者(zhe)(zhe)；是(shi)中國(guo)共產黨重要(yao)的(de)(de)創始(shi)人；是(shi)中國(guo)共產黨第一(yi)代領導集(ji)體的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)領導人；是(shi)中國(guo)近現(xian)代歷(li)史上第一(yi)個(ge)深刻總(zong)結、反(fan)思(si)蘇聯和社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)義民(min)主(zhu)政(zheng)治建(jian)設經驗、教訓(xun)的(de)(de)人。

主要經歷

個人經歷

陳獨秀于1879年(nian)10月(yue)9日（清光緒五年(nian)）出生在安徽(hui)省安慶市城北的一間別墅里。

1896年考中秀才(cai)。1897年入杭州求是(shi)書院（浙江(jiang)大學(xue)(xue)前身）學(xue)(xue)習，開(kai)始接受近代(dai)西(xi)方思(si)想文化。1899年因有(you)反清言論被書院開(kai)除。

1901年(nian)因為進行反清(qing)宣傳活(huo)動，受清(qing)政府通緝，從(cong)安慶逃亡(wang)日本(ben)(ben)，入東(dong)京高等師范學校速成科學習。1903年(nian)7月在上海(hai)協助(zhu)章士釗主編(bian)《國(guo)民日報》。1904年(nian)初在蕪湖創辦(ban)《安徽(hui)俗(su)話(hua)報》，宣傳革命(ming)思想。1905年(nian)組(zu)織反清(qing)秘(mi)密革命(ming)組(zu)織岳王(wang)會(hui)(hui)，任(ren)總會(hui)(hui)長。1907年(nian)入東(dong)京正則英語(yu)學校，后(hou)轉入早稻田大學。1909年(nian)冬去浙江陸軍(jun)學堂(tang)任(ren)教。1911年(nian)辛亥(hai)革命(ming)后(hou)不久，任(ren)安徽(hui)省都督府秘(mi)書長。1913年(nian)參加討伐(fa)袁世凱的(de)“二(er)次革命(ming)”，失敗(bai)后(hou)被捕入獄，出獄后(hou)于1914年(nian)到日本(ben)(ben)，幫助(zhu)章士釗創辦(ban)《甲(jia)寅》雜志。

1916年任北(bei)京大學文科學長（相當于系主(zhu)任）。

1918年和李大釗創辦《每周(zhou)評論》，提倡(chang)新文化(hua)，宣傳馬(ma)克思主義，俗稱“南陳(chen)北李”。是“五(wu)·四”“新文化(hua)運動”的主要(yao)領導(dao)人之一(yi)。

1919年(nian)6月11日(ri)，陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀在(zai)(zai)北京(jing)街頭親自散發(fa)《北京(jing)市(shi)民(min)宣言》時被捕入獄。消息迅(xun)速(su)傳遍全國，各(ge)界、各(ge)省(sheng)函電交馳，要求(qiu)釋(shi)放陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀。學界有(you)(you)(you)69名署(shu)名保(bao)釋(shi)陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀，其中有(you)(you)(you)著(zhu)名的(de)(de)教授(shou)，也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)普通的(de)(de)中學教員(yuan)；有(you)(you)(you)新(xin)派人(ren)物，也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)舊派人(ren)物。對五四運動(dong)持(chi)反對態度的(de)(de)田桐，也(ye)發(fa)表(biao)函電，要求(qiu)立即釋(shi)放陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀。在(zai)(zai)各(ge)方的(de)(de)壓力下，陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀恢復了(le)自由。胡適在(zai)(zai)6年(nian)后還念念不忘這件(jian)事(shi)。1925年(nian)12月，他在(zai)(zai)“北京(jing)群眾燒(shao)毀晨報館(guan)事(shi)件(jian)”發(fa)生后寫給陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀的(de)(de)信中提及此事(shi)。

1920年，在(zai)(zai)(zai)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)幫助下(xia)，首先(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)海(hai)(hai)建立(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)發起組織，進行(xing)(xing)建黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)活動(dong)。1921年3月(yue)24日，陳(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)受陳(chen)炯明之邀在(zai)(zai)(zai)廣東(dong)建黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)。7月(yue)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)海(hai)(hai)舉(ju)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)第(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)代表大會(hui)上(shang)，被選為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央局書記：陳(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)（1921年7月(yue)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)大選舉(ju)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生）。后(hou)被選為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)第(di)二、第(di)三屆(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央執行(xing)(xing)委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)長，第(di)四、第(di)五屆(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)總(zong)書記。在(zai)(zai)(zai)大革(ge)命中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，陳(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)多(duo)次(ci)反對共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)作(zuo)指示(shi)（為(wei)了保(bao)證合(he)作(zuo)，共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)要求共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)留在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)）。但是(shi)由于缺乏有系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、獨(du)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)級(ji)綱(gang)領指導(dao)，使得陳(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)等一(yi)(yi)次(ci)次(ci)被共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)領導(dao)層錯誤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)指令(ling)壓下(xia)去(qu)。激烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)1926年中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山艦事件后(hou)，陳(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)報上(shang)發表公(gong)開信，單方面宣(xuan)布退出國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)，引(yin)起黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)轟動(dong)。因為(wei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)留在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)服(fu)從后(hou)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紀律，是(shi)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)為(wei)確保(bao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)既定戰略路(lu)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心政(zheng)策（共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)為(wei)何(he)執行(xing)(xing)這一(yi)(yi)政(zheng)策的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分原因參(can)見(jian)百度百科“一(yi)(yi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)建成社會(hui)主義(yi)論”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詞(ci)條）。但不久后(hou)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)領導(dao)層發來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指令(ling)，使大多(duo)數中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)繼續堅持舊政(zheng)策，而包括陳(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)異(yi)議(yi)分子(zi)無論如何(he)也想不到要與這種路(lu)線徹(che)底(di)決(jue)裂，另(ling)立(li)獨(du)立(li)路(lu)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)階(jie)級(ji)政(zheng)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)，因為(wei)他們并沒有形(xing)成完(wan)全有別于共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)種國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)革(ge)命綱(gang)領，更不了解當時國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)領導(dao)層內(nei)(nei)(nei)部托洛茨基一(yi)(yi)派與斯(si)大林一(yi)(yi)派正在(zai)(zai)(zai)就同一(yi)(yi)個(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)革(ge)命問題進行(xing)(xing)激烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綱(gang)領斗爭(zheng)。

大(da)(da)(da)革(ge)命(ming)失(shi)(shi)敗(bai)對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)造成了(le)(le)強烈沖(chong)擊(ji)，大(da)(da)(da)批優(you)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)干部（包(bao)括陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個兒(er)子）在(zai)(zai)(zai)反(fan)(fan)革(ge)命(ming)屠殺中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)喪生(sheng)，1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)到(dao)30年(nian)(nian)(nian)代初的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失(shi)(shi)敗(bai)浪潮(chao)使(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)城市(shi)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)力嚴重削弱.。大(da)(da)(da)革(ge)命(ming)失(shi)(shi)敗(bai)后(hou)，共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)，陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重大(da)(da)(da)失(shi)(shi)誤(wu)是導致(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)革(ge)命(ming)失(shi)(shi)敗(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要原因(yin)。陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)不(bu)服，他認(ren)(ren)為(wei)，大(da)(da)(da)革(ge)命(ming)失(shi)(shi)敗(bai)了(le)(le)，作為(wei)總書(shu)記(ji)是要負責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)更有責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)，自己只是共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個忠實的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)執行(xing)(xing)者而已，由他來承擔全部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)，于情(qing)于理都(dou)說不(bu)通。陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)被(bei)(bei)指犯了(le)(le)“右傾(qing)機會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)”錯(cuo)誤(wu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)八·七會(hui)議(yi)(yi)上撤銷(xiao)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總書(shu)記(ji)職務(wu)。這(zhe)個栽贓陷害(hai)也是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)史上最大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冤案。其后(hou)，陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)苦悶中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)反(fan)(fan)思(si)，開(kai)(kai)(kai)始接受國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)托(tuo)(tuo)洛茨基派(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點(dian)(dian)，要求(qiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)接受托(tuo)(tuo)派(pai)路線，即反(fan)(fan)對(dui)斯大(da)(da)(da)林主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)荒唐透(tou)頂(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)左傾(qing)暴動(dong)(dong)路線，同時也反(fan)(fan)對(dui)盲目向農(nong)村發(fa)展(zhan)力量(liang)甚(shen)至把游擊(ji)隊(dui)高(gao)抬為(wei)紅(hong)軍(jun)（誠然，不(bu)僅陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)而且當時相當多(duo)數(shu)(shu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)都(dou)低估了(le)(le)農(nong)民(min)運動(dong)(dong)），而主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)張以(yi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)會(hui)議(yi)(yi)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)張從(cong)民(min)權(quan)民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)斗爭開(kai)(kai)(kai)始重新聚集力量(liang)。1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)，因(yin)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)東路事(shi)件(jian)(jian)，共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)遠(yuan)東局(ju)(ju)從(cong)一(yi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始就明(ming)確要求(qiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)要提出(chu)(chu)“武(wu)裝(zhuang)保衛蘇(su)(su)(su)聯”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)口號，并組(zu)織大(da)(da)(da)規模的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)對(dui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)和(he)(he)擁(yong)(yong)護(hu)蘇(su)(su)(su)聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)群(qun)眾示威。對(dui)此，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)毫不(bu)猶豫地做出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)積極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)響(xiang)應。他們召(zhao)開(kai)(kai)(kai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治局(ju)(ju)會(hui)議(yi)(yi)，決(jue)(jue)定(ding)開(kai)(kai)(kai)動(dong)(dong)一(yi)切宣(xuan)傳機器(qi)，并在(zai)(zai)(zai)8月(yue)1日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)“反(fan)(fan)帝日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)”舉行(xing)(xing)示威，而且爭取發(fa)動(dong)(dong)上海(hai)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)總罷(ba)工(gong)。對(dui)于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做法，陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)專(zhuan)門(men)致(zhi)信中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)提出(chu)(chu)批評(ping)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)張在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)個時候片面宣(xuan)傳“擁(yong)(yong)護(hu)蘇(su)(su)(su)聯”“于我(wo)們不(bu)利”，絕不(bu)能簡單地認(ren)(ren)為(wei)“廣大(da)(da)(da)群(qun)眾都(dou)認(ren)(ren)同蘇(su)(su)(su)聯是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)解放的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)朋友”（《陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)給中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信》，1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)28日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，8月(yue)11日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)）為(wei)此，并鑒于陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)等人(ren)(ren)(ren)事(shi)實上根本反(fan)(fan)對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治路線，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)很快正式決(jue)(jue)議(yi)(yi)將(jiang)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)等人(ren)(ren)(ren)開(kai)(kai)(kai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)出(chu)(chu)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)。（《江(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)(su)(su)省委為(wei)開(kai)(kai)(kai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)彭(peng)述(shu)之、汪澤(ze)凱(kai)(kai)、馬玉夫、蔡(cai)振德及反(fan)(fan)對(dui)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)內(nei)機會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)與(yu)托(tuo)(tuo)洛斯基反(fan)(fan)對(dui)派(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)(jue)議(yi)(yi)》，1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)20日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)；《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治局(ju)(ju)關于開(kai)(kai)(kai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)籍并批準(zhun)江(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)(su)(su)省委開(kai)(kai)(kai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)彭(peng)述(shu)之、汪澤(ze)凱(kai)(kai)、馬玉夫、蔡(cai)振德四人(ren)(ren)(ren)決(jue)(jue)議(yi)(yi)案》，1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)15日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)文件(jian)(jian)選集》第(di)(di)5冊，第(di)(di)549－555頁。）中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)明(ming)確認(ren)(ren)為(wei)，陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)等人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)東路問題上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見，“是黨(dang)(dang)(dang)內(nei)一(yi)些動(dong)(dong)搖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)分子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)露骨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表現。（《評(ping)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信件(jian)(jian)》）”，陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)被(bei)(bei)開(kai)(kai)(kai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)出(chu)(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)。12月(yue)，與(yu)彭(peng)述(shu)之等81人(ren)(ren)(ren)發(fa)表《我(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治意見書(shu)》，攻擊(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)領導層。同時，在(zai)(zai)(zai)上海(hai)建立托(tuo)(tuo)派(pai)組(zu)織“無產(chan)(chan)者社”，出(chu)(chu)版《無產(chan)(chan)者》刊物(wu)，宣(xuan)傳托(tuo)(tuo)派(pai)觀點(dian)(dian)。1932年(nian)(nian)(nian)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)上海(hai)淞滬抗會(hui)戰中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，支持(chi)抗戰，譴責(ze)(ze)(ze)蔣(jiang)介石(shi)賣國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)裁，而后(hou)被(bei)(bei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府逮捕(bu)。1937年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)出(chu)(chu)獄，擁(yong)(yong)護(hu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)作和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)領導抗日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)武(wu)漢聯絡民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)士和(he)(he)抗日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)軍(jun)隊(dui)，試圖組(zu)織“不(bu)擁(yong)(yong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、不(bu)阿(a)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)三勢力。此時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)已偏(pian)離了(le)(le)托(tuo)(tuo)派(pai)綱領，并遭到(dao)多(duo)數(shu)(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)托(tuo)(tuo)派(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)對(dui)，但仍與(yu)托(tuo)(tuo)派(pai)組(zu)織保持(chi)關系——直(zhi)至逝世(shi)也未(wei)曾(ceng)脫離過這(zhe)種組(zu)織和(he)(he)思(si)想、政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治關系。1938年(nian)(nian)(nian)，被(bei)(bei)王明(ming)、康生(sheng)誣(wu)陷為(wei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)本間(jian)諜，從(cong)此與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)徹(che)底決(jue)(jue)裂(lie)。晚(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)最終的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立場是要求(qiu)建立民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)，開(kai)(kai)(kai)始對(dui)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)理論進行(xing)(xing)反(fan)(fan)思(si)。

1942年5月(yue)27日，陳(chen)獨秀(xiu)作(zuo)為(wei)二十多年來(lai)一直為(wei)無產階級解放事(shi)業而奮斗的革命戰士于四(si)川(chuan)江津病逝。主要著作(zuo)收入《獨秀(xiu)文(wen)(wen)存》、《陳(chen)獨秀(xiu)文(wen)(wen)章選編》等。

革命后期

放棄對(dui)農民、城市小資產階(jie)級和(he)中(zhong)等資產階(jie)級的(de)(de)(de)領(ling)導(dao)權(quan)，尤其是放棄對(dui)武裝力量的(de)(de)(de)領(ling)導(dao)權(quan)，對(dui)國民黨(dang)右派(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)(de)進攻，采取妥(tuo)協(xie)投降的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)。1927年中(zhong)國大(da)革(ge)命(ming)遭到失(shi)敗，除(chu)了來自共產國際指導(dao)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)原因，他的(de)(de)(de)右傾錯誤也是重要的(de)(de)(de)原因。1927年7月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)，中(zhong)央(yang)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)局改(gai)組，他離開中(zhong)央(yang)領(ling)導(dao)崗(gang)位(wei)。此(ci)后(hou)，他接受托(tuo)派(pai)(pai)觀點，以在黨(dang)內成立小組織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)方式進行(xing)活(huo)動。1929年11月(yue)(yue)，因為(wei)他在中(zhong)東(dong)路問題(ti)上(shang)發表對(dui)中(zhong)共中(zhong)央(yang)的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)開信(xin)，而被(bei)開除(chu)黨(dang)籍。同(tong)年12月(yue)(yue)發表由81人署名的(de)(de)(de)作為(wei)托(tuo)陳取消派(pai)(pai)綱領(ling)的(de)(de)(de)《我們(men)的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)意見書(shu)》。同(tong)時，在上(shang)海(hai)組成托(tuo)派(pai)(pai)小組織(zhi)無(wu)產者社(she)，出版刊物《無(wu)產者》。1931年5月(yue)(yue)，出席中(zhong)國各托(tuo)派(pai)(pai)小組織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)“統一(yi)大(da)會”，被(bei)推選為(wei)中(zhong)國托(tuo)派(pai)(pai)組織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)央(yang)書(shu)記。1932年10月(yue)(yue)，在上(shang)海(hai)被(bei)國民黨(dang)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)逮捕，判刑(xing)后(hou)囚禁于(yu)南京(jing)模(mo)范監獄。

抗戰時期

抗戰全面爆發后，他于(yu)1937年(nian)8月出獄(yu)，先后住在武漢(han)、重慶(qing)，最后長期居住于(yu)四川(chuan)江津(jin)（今重慶(qing)市江津(jin)區）。1942年(nian)5月在貧病(bing)交加中逝(shi)世。

主要作品

文選

主要著作收入(ru)《獨(du)秀(xiu)文存》、《陳(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)文章(zhang)選編》、《陳(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)思想論稿》、《陳(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)著作選編》等。

1984-1993年(nian)間，三卷本《陳獨(du)秀著作選》相繼(ji)由上海人民(min)出版社(she)出版。編者(zhe)(zhe)寫于1991年(nian)12月的“編輯說(shuo)明(ming)”中說(shuo)：“對于陳獨(du)秀詆毀中國共(gong)產黨，誣蔑工農紅軍和反對農村包圍城(cheng)市革命道路(lu)的錯誤(wu)言論，本書全文照錄，不(bu)予刪節，以供讀(du)者(zhe)(zhe)研究和批判(pan)”。字里行(xing)間，“批判(pan)”遺風猶(you)在，且不(bu)無(wu)防(fang)身自(zi)保之慮。

2009年1月(yue)上海人民出(chu)版社推出(chu)《陳獨秀著(zhu)作(zuo)選編》六卷本(ben)，輯(ji)文(wen)890篇，272萬字(zi)(zi)(zi)。較(jiao)原(yuan)三卷本(ben)600多(duo)篇、162萬字(zi)(zi)(zi)，多(duo)出(chu)200多(duo)篇、115萬字(zi)(zi)(zi)。校正舊編中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)錯、別(bie)、漏字(zi)(zi)(zi)句上千處。新輯(ji)作(zuo)品主(zhu)要是檔案(an)文(wen)件、新發(fa)現的(de)文(wen)章書(shu)(shu)信(xin)，以及音(yin)韻學、文(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)學方面的(de)著(zhu)作(zuo)。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有陳獨秀在上海工人第(di)三次武裝起義前后主(zhu)持特別(bie)委員會(hui)的(de)發(fa)言(yan)，五卅運動中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在《熱血日報(bao)》上發(fa)表(biao)的(de)文(wen)章，在南京(jing)獄中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寫給汪原(yuan)放的(de)54封書(shu)(shu)信(xin)，入川后寫給臺靜農等人的(de)近百(bai)封書(shu)(shu)信(xin)，等等。

《陳獨秀著作選》第六(liu)卷，收(shou)入陳獨秀音韻學(xue)(xue)著作《古音陰陽入互用例表》、《連(lian)語類編》以及與他的學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)、語言學(xue)(xue)家魏建功來往書信。文字學(xue)(xue)著作，收(shou)入《小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)識(shi)字教本》、致(zhi)臺(tai)靜農、陳立(li)夫、陳可忠等人書信。

《小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)識字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)教(jiao)(jiao)本》，是陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)學(xue)(xue)研究集大成之(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)。1929年寫成《中國拼音(yin)文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)草案》，售予商務印(yin)書(shu)館(guan)。當時(shi)，陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)是當局通緝的(de)“共黨首領”，自然不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)出版(ban)，書(shu)稿亦杳無(wu)下(xia)落(luo)。居川期間，陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)在《實庵字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)說》《識字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)初階》基礎上(shang)，寫《小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)識字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)教(jiao)(jiao)本》。原(yuan)定(ding)由國民政府教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)部出版(ban)，并(bing)兩次預支稿酬(chou)一(yi)萬元。教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)部長陳(chen)(chen)立(li)夫認(ren)為“小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)”二字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)妥，建(jian)議(yi)改(gai)書(shu)名(ming)(ming)為《中國文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)說明》。陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)以“小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)”乃音(yin)韻字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)學(xue)(xue)綜合之(zhi)(zhi)古稱，也(ye)是他研究文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)、聲、義(yi)三(san)(san)者(zhe)統一(yi)而非三(san)(san)者(zhe)分立(li)的(de)特(te)點，拒改(gai)書(shu)名(ming)(ming)。此書(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)出版(ban)，他令(ling)家(jia)人(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得動(dong)用稿酬(chou)。《小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)識字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)教(jiao)(jiao)本》書(shu)稿由國立(li)編譯(yi)館(guan)油印(yin)50冊(ce)分贈專家(jia)。梁(liang)實秋分得一(yi)冊(ce)，十(shi)分珍愛，日后帶(dai)往(wang)臺灣(wan)，請專人(ren)描清(qing)(qing)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)跡不(bu)(bu)(bu)清(qing)(qing)處，影(ying)印(yin)500冊(ce)，仍感不(bu)(bu)(bu)佳。再請人(ren)費時(shi)十(shi)月，將全稿重(zhong)描無(wu)誤，書(shu)名(ming)(ming)改(gai)作(zuo)(zuo)《文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)新詮》，隱去(qu)作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)姓(xing)名(ming)(ming)與《自敘》，代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)以梁(liang)序，于(yu)1971年由臺灣(wan)語文(wen)(wen)研究中心影(ying)印(yin)出版(ban)。梁(liang)私下(xia)告友(you)人(ren)，此為陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)遺作(zuo)(zuo)。《小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)識字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)教(jiao)(jiao)本》得以傳世(shi)，梁(liang)氏功莫(mo)大焉。

在獄中(zhong)，陳(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)寫了《荀子韻表及考釋》、《實庵字說》、《老子考略》、《中(zhong)國古代語音(yin)有(you)復(fu)聲母(mu)說》、《古音(yin)陰陽入(ru)互用例(li)表》、《連(lian)語類編(bian)》、《屈宋韻表及考釋》、《晉呂(lv)靜(jing)韻集目》、《戊寅年登石筍(sun)山》《干支為字母(mu)說》等音(yin)韻訓(xun)詁學著作(zuo)。

書法

陳獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)論書(shu)法(fa)，有一則佳(jia)話(hua)流(liu)傳甚廣(guang)。即(ji)我(wo)們都知道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書(shu)法(fa)家沈(shen)尹默(mo)先(xian)生，早年就(jiu)是(shi)受了(le)陳獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一語“刺(ci)激”，而發憤(fen)練字(zi)(zi)(zi)，終(zhong)成一代(dai)大(da)師的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。當時(shi)陳與沈(shen)還(huan)不熟悉，但(dan)性格率直、快人(ren)快語的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陳獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)初(chu)次相(xiang)見(jian)，就(jiu)當面說(shuo)：“昨(zuo)在(zai)(zai)劉(liu)三(san)壁(bi)上見(jian)了(le)你寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詩(shi)，詩(shi)很(hen)好，而字(zi)(zi)(zi)則其(qi)俗(su)在(zai)(zai)骨(gu)。可謂詩(shi)在(zai)(zai)天上，字(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)地下！”劉(liu)三(san)則是(shi)江南名(ming)士劉(liu)季平也(ye)，其(qi)時(shi)劉(liu)三(san)和(he)蘇曼殊以(yi)及(ji)陳獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)、沈(shen)尹默(mo)等，都是(shi)東瀛留學歸來常(chang)在(zai)(zai)一起詩(shi)酒風流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)士。沈(shen)尹默(mo)并不因(yin)陳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)批評(ping)為(wei)忤，相(xiang)反后(hou)來沈(shen)入北大(da)任教，還(huan)把陳推薦(jian)給(gei)了(le)蔡(cai)元培(pei)校長，并委以(yi)文科學長之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)職，足見(jian)舊時(shi)學人(ren)謙(qian)虛寬博之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)胸懷。陳獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)批評(ping)沈(shen)尹默(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)字(zi)(zi)(zi)“俗(su)在(zai)(zai)骨(gu)”，實際上也(ye)是(shi)透露了(le)他自己書(shu)法(fa)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)美(mei)觀。一般(ban)以(yi)帖學為(wei)宗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書(shu)法(fa)，若無厚實的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北碑(bei)(bei)為(wei)底，用筆單調柔弱(ruo)，則容易滑向(xiang)“媚俗(su)”一路。這一觀點也(ye)和(he)清代(dai)末期(qi)由尊帖轉(zhuan)而尊碑(bei)(bei)風尚是(shi)一致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。不過后(hou)來即(ji)便是(shi)沈(shen)尹默(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書(shu)法(fa)已(yi)經達到(dao)很(hen)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)境界了(le)，但(dan)陳獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)在(zai)(zai)肯定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)，依舊保(bao)留了(le)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨(du)(du)到(dao)見(jian)解，他在(zai)(zai)1941年給(gei)臺(tai)靜農的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信中(zhong)說(shuo)：“尹默(mo)字(zi)(zi)(zi)素來工(gong)力(li)甚深，非眼面朋友所(suo)可及(ji)，然其(qi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)外(wai)無字(zi)(zi)(zi)，視三(san)十年前無大(da)異(yi)也(ye)。存世二王(wang)字(zi)(zi)(zi)，獻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)種近真(zhen)，羲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)多為(wei)米(mi)南宮臨本，神韻猶在(zai)(zai)歐褚所(suo)臨蘭亭(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下，即(ji)刻(ke)意學之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，字(zi)(zi)(zi)品終(zhong)在(zai)(zai)唐賢(xian)以(yi)下也(ye)。”反觀陳獨(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書(shu)法(fa)則是(shi)碑(bei)(bei)帖結合，寫(xie)得汪洋閎肆、兼(jian)備眾(zhong)體。

貢獻影響

第一，他是新文化運動的發起者，是20世紀中國第一次思想解放運動的(de)倡導者。他在中(zhong)(zhong)國歷史上(shang)第(di)一(yi)個舉起了民主、科(ke)學兩面大旗(qi)，對于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)國近現(xian)代歷史的(de)發展產生了巨大的(de)影(ying)響，至今還在影(ying)響著中(zhong)(zhong)國歷史的(de)進(jin)程。他創辦的(de)《新青(qing)年》雜志，是中(zhong)(zhong)國近現(xian)代歷史上(shang)影(ying)響最大的(de)刊物，教育、引(yin)導了整整一(yi)代人。

第二(er)，他(ta)是五(wu)四(si)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)總司(si)令，是五(wu)四(si)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)思(si)想指(zhi)導者。五(wu)四(si)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)能夠在(zai)中(zhong)國近現(xian)代歷史上發(fa)生那么大(da)(da)的(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)，與他(ta)的(de)(de)活動(dong)(dong)(dong)、指(zhi)導、影響(xiang)(xiang)是分(fen)不開的(de)(de)。在(zai)高度評價五(wu)四(si)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)歷史功(gong)績的(de)(de)同(tong)時，不能忘記陳(chen)獨(du)秀在(zai)其中(zhong)的(de)(de)巨大(da)(da)歷史功(gong)勞。

第三，他(ta)是馬(ma)克思(si)主義(yi)(yi)的積極傳(chuan)播者。他(ta)傳(chuan)播馬(ma)克思(si)主義(yi)(yi)雖然沒有李大(da)釗(zhao)早(zao)，但(dan)他(ta)創辦的《新(xin)青(qing)年》雜志是當(dang)時傳(chuan)播馬(ma)克思(si)主義(yi)(yi)的主要(yao)陣地，其重(zhong)要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)是任(ren)何別的報刊不(bu)能替代的。

第四，他是中國(guo)(guo)共產(chan)(chan)黨主要的創(chuang)始人。陳(chen)(chen)獨秀(xiu)是中國(guo)(guo)共產(chan)(chan)黨創(chuang)始人之一的說法不準確。如果沒(mei)有(you)陳(chen)(chen)獨秀(xiu)，就沒(mei)有(you)中國(guo)(guo)共產(chan)(chan)黨在1921年的成立。僅僅這一條，他就可以(yi)名垂千(qian)古，光(guang)照千(qian)秋。

第五，他是中國共(gong)產黨第一代領導(dao)(dao)集體的主要(yao)的領導(dao)(dao)人。

第六(liu)，他是中國近現代歷史上第一(yi)個(ge)深刻總結(jie)、反思蘇聯和社會主義民主政治建設經(jing)驗教訓的(de)人。與(yu)孫中山共事(shi)。