芒果视频下载

人物簡介

陳(chen)獨秀（1879年10月(yue)9日(ri)-1942年5月(yue)27日(ri)），原名慶同，官名乾(qian)生(sheng)，字仲甫，號(hao)實庵，安徽懷寧（今安慶）人。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)近現代(dai)(dai)史上偉大(da)的(de)愛國(guo)(guo)(guo)者、偉大(da)的(de)革(ge)命家(jia)與改革(ge)家(jia)、偉大(da)的(de)民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)者、偉大(da)的(de)啟蒙思(si)想(xiang)家(jia)。他是(shi)新文(wen)化運動(dong)的(de)發起者，是(shi)20世紀(ji)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)第一(yi)次思(si)想(xiang)解放運動(dong)的(de)倡(chang)導(dao)者；是(shi)五四(si)運動(dong)的(de)總(zong)司(si)令，是(shi)五四(si)運動(dong)的(de)思(si)想(xiang)指導(dao)者；是(shi)馬克思(si)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)的(de)積(ji)極傳播(bo)者；是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)產黨重要(yao)的(de)創(chuang)始人；是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)產黨第一(yi)代(dai)(dai)領(ling)導(dao)集體(ti)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)的(de)領(ling)導(dao)人；是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)近現代(dai)(dai)歷史上第一(yi)個深刻(ke)總(zong)結(jie)、反思(si)蘇聯和社會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政治建設(she)經驗、教(jiao)訓的(de)人。

主要經歷

個人經歷

陳獨秀于1879年10月9日（清光緒五年）出生在安徽省安慶市城(cheng)北的一間別墅里。

1896年(nian)考中秀才。1897年(nian)入杭(hang)州求(qiu)是書(shu)院（浙江大(da)學前身）學習(xi)，開始接(jie)受近代西方思想文化。1899年(nian)因有(you)反清(qing)言論被書(shu)院開除。

1901年(nian)因(yin)為進行反(fan)清(qing)(qing)宣(xuan)傳活動，受清(qing)(qing)政(zheng)府通緝，從安(an)慶逃亡日本(ben)，入(ru)東(dong)京高等師范學(xue)校速成(cheng)科學(xue)習(xi)。1903年(nian)7月在上海協助章士(shi)釗主(zhu)編《國民日報(bao)(bao)》。1904年(nian)初在蕪湖(hu)創辦《安(an)徽俗(su)話(hua)報(bao)(bao)》，宣(xuan)傳革(ge)命思想。1905年(nian)組織反(fan)清(qing)(qing)秘密革(ge)命組織岳王會，任總會長。1907年(nian)入(ru)東(dong)京正則(ze)英語學(xue)校，后(hou)轉入(ru)早稻田大學(xue)。1909年(nian)冬去浙江陸軍(jun)學(xue)堂任教。1911年(nian)辛亥革(ge)命后(hou)不久，任安(an)徽省都督府秘書長。1913年(nian)參加討伐袁(yuan)世凱的(de)“二次革(ge)命”，失敗后(hou)被(bei)捕入(ru)獄(yu)，出獄(yu)后(hou)于(yu)1914年(nian)到日本(ben)，幫(bang)助章士(shi)釗創辦《甲寅》雜志。

1916年任(ren)北京大學文科學長（相當于系主任(ren)）。

1918年和李(li)大釗創辦《每周評(ping)論(lun)》，提倡新(xin)文化，宣傳馬克思主義，俗稱(cheng)“南陳北李(li)”。是(shi)“五(wu)·四(si)”“新(xin)文化運動”的主要領導(dao)人之一。

1919年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)11日，陳(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)在北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)街頭親自散發(fa)《北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)市民宣言(yan)》時被捕入獄。消(xiao)息迅速傳遍全國，各界(jie)、各省函(han)電交馳，要求釋(shi)放(fang)陳(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)。學界(jie)有69名署名保釋(shi)陳(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)，其中(zhong)有著名的教授(shou)，也(ye)有普通的中(zhong)學教員；有新派人物(wu)，也(ye)有舊(jiu)派人物(wu)。對(dui)五四運動持反對(dui)態度的田桐(tong)，也(ye)發(fa)表函(han)電，要求立即(ji)釋(shi)放(fang)陳(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)。在各方的壓力下，陳(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)恢復了自由。胡適在6年(nian)(nian)后還念念不忘這件事(shi)。1925年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)，他(ta)在“北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)群眾燒毀(hui)晨報館事(shi)件”發(fa)生后寫給陳(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)的信中(zhong)提及此(ci)事(shi)。

1920年，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)幫助下，首先在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)海建(jian)立(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)發起(qi)組織，進行(xing)(xing)(xing)建(jian)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)活(huo)動。1921年3月24日，陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀受陳(chen)(chen)炯明(ming)之邀在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)廣東(dong)建(jian)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)。7月，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)海舉行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)代(dai)表大會上(shang)(shang)，被選(xuan)(xuan)為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央局書(shu)記：陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀（1921年7月，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)大選(xuan)(xuan)舉產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生）。后被選(xuan)(xuan)為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)第(di)(di)二、第(di)(di)三屆中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)長，第(di)(di)四、第(di)(di)五屆中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會總書(shu)記。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)大革命中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀多次(ci)(ci)反對共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合作(zuo)指(zhi)(zhi)示（為了(le)保證合作(zuo)，共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)要求共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)留(liu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)內(nei)(nei)）。但(dan)是(shi)由于缺乏有系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、獨(du)(du)(du)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)級綱(gang)(gang)領(ling)指(zhi)(zhi)導，使得陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀等(deng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)次(ci)(ci)被共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)領(ling)導層(ceng)錯誤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)指(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)壓下去。激(ji)烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)1926年中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)艦事(shi)件后，陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)報上(shang)(shang)發表公開信，單方面宣布退出國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)，引(yin)起(qi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)內(nei)(nei)外(wai)轟動。因(yin)(yin)為共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)留(liu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)內(nei)(nei)服從后者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紀律，是(shi)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)為確保國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)既定戰略路線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心政(zheng)策(ce)（共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)為何執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)原因(yin)(yin)參見百度百科(ke)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)建(jian)成社(she)會主(zhu)義論”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詞(ci)條）。但(dan)不久后共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)領(ling)導層(ceng)發來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)，使大多數中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)繼續堅持舊政(zheng)策(ce)，而(er)包括陳(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)秀在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)異議分(fen)子(zi)無(wu)論如(ru)何也想不到要與這(zhe)種(zhong)路線徹(che)底決裂(lie)，另立(li)獨(du)(du)(du)立(li)路線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)階(jie)級政(zheng)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)，因(yin)(yin)為他(ta)們并沒有形成完全(quan)有別于共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)革命綱(gang)(gang)領(ling)，更不了(le)解(jie)當時國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)領(ling)導層(ceng)內(nei)(nei)部托洛(luo)茨(ci)基(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)派與斯大林一(yi)(yi)(yi)派正在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)就同一(yi)(yi)(yi)個中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)革命問題進行(xing)(xing)(xing)激(ji)烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綱(gang)(gang)領(ling)斗爭。

大(da)革命(ming)(ming)失敗(bai)(bai)對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨造成了(le)(le)(le)強烈沖擊，大(da)批(pi)優秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)干部（包括陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個(ge)(ge)兒子(zi)）在(zai)(zai)反(fan)革命(ming)(ming)屠(tu)殺中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)喪(sang)生，1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)到30年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代初的(de)(de)(de)(de)失敗(bai)(bai)浪潮使中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)城市工人(ren)(ren)(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響力嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)削(xue)弱(ruo).。大(da)革命(ming)(ming)失敗(bai)(bai)后，共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)失誤是導(dao)致大(da)革命(ming)(ming)失敗(bai)(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)原(yuan)因。陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)不(bu)(bu)服，他(ta)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，大(da)革命(ming)(ming)失敗(bai)(bai)了(le)(le)(le)，作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)總書(shu)記是要(yao)(yao)負責(ze)任(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，但共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)更有責(ze)任(ren)，自己只是共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)忠實的(de)(de)(de)(de)執行(xing)者而已，由他(ta)來承(cheng)擔全部的(de)(de)(de)(de)責(ze)任(ren)，于情于理都(dou)說不(bu)(bu)通。陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)被指犯了(le)(le)(le)“右傾機會(hui)主(zhu)義”錯誤，在(zai)(zai)1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)八·七會(hui)議(yi)(yi)上(shang)撤銷陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)總書(shu)記職務。這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)栽贓陷(xian)害也(ye)是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)黨史(shi)上(shang)最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冤案。其后，陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)在(zai)(zai)苦悶中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)反(fan)思，開(kai)(kai)始接(jie)受國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)托(tuo)(tuo)洛(luo)茨基派(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點，要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)接(jie)受托(tuo)(tuo)派(pai)(pai)路線，即反(fan)對(dui)(dui)斯大(da)林主(zhu)義荒(huang)唐透頂的(de)(de)(de)(de)左傾暴動路線，同時(shi)(shi)也(ye)反(fan)對(dui)(dui)盲目向農(nong)村發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)力量(liang)甚(shen)至把游擊隊(dui)高抬(tai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紅(hong)軍(jun)（誠然，不(bu)(bu)僅陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)而且當時(shi)(shi)相(xiang)當多(duo)數國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨人(ren)(ren)(ren)都(dou)低(di)估了(le)(le)(le)農(nong)民(min)(min)運動），而主(zhu)張以(yi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)會(hui)議(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心，主(zhu)張從(cong)民(min)(min)權(quan)民(min)(min)主(zhu)斗爭開(kai)(kai)始重(zhong)(zhong)新聚集(ji)力量(liang)。1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)東路事件，共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)遠東局從(cong)一(yi)開(kai)(kai)始就明(ming)確要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)要(yao)(yao)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)“武(wu)裝保衛蘇(su)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)口(kou)號，并組織大(da)規模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)對(dui)(dui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨和擁(yong)(yong)護蘇(su)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)群(qun)眾(zhong)示(shi)威。對(dui)(dui)此，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)毫不(bu)(bu)猶豫地(di)做出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)積(ji)極的(de)(de)(de)(de)響應(ying)。他(ta)們(men)召(zhao)開(kai)(kai)政(zheng)治局會(hui)議(yi)(yi)，決(jue)(jue)定開(kai)(kai)動一(yi)切宣傳機器，并在(zai)(zai)8月(yue)(yue)1日(ri)(ri)(ri)“反(fan)帝日(ri)(ri)(ri)”舉行(xing)示(shi)威，而且爭取發(fa)(fa)動上(shang)海工人(ren)(ren)(ren)總罷工。對(dui)(dui)于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)做法，陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)專(zhuan)門致信中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)批(pi)評(ping)(ping)，主(zhu)張在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)時(shi)(shi)候片面宣傳“擁(yong)(yong)護蘇(su)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)”“于我(wo)(wo)們(men)不(bu)(bu)利”，絕不(bu)(bu)能簡單地(di)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“廣(guang)大(da)群(qun)眾(zhong)都(dou)認(ren)同蘇(su)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)解放的(de)(de)(de)(de)朋友(you)”（《陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)給中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信》，1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)(yue)28日(ri)(ri)(ri)，8月(yue)(yue)11日(ri)(ri)(ri)）為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此，并鑒(jian)于陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)等人(ren)(ren)(ren)事實上(shang)根本反(fan)對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治路線，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)很快正(zheng)式決(jue)(jue)議(yi)(yi)將陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)等人(ren)(ren)(ren)開(kai)(kai)除(chu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)黨。（《江蘇(su)省(sheng)委為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)開(kai)(kai)除(chu)彭述之(zhi)、汪澤(ze)凱、馬玉(yu)夫、蔡(cai)(cai)振德及反(fan)對(dui)(dui)黨內(nei)機會(hui)主(zhu)義與托(tuo)(tuo)洛(luo)斯基反(fan)對(dui)(dui)派(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)(jue)議(yi)(yi)》，1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)20日(ri)(ri)(ri)；《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)政(zheng)治局關(guan)于開(kai)(kai)除(chu)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)黨籍并批(pi)準江蘇(su)省(sheng)委開(kai)(kai)除(chu)彭述之(zhi)、汪澤(ze)凱、馬玉(yu)夫、蔡(cai)(cai)振德四人(ren)(ren)(ren)決(jue)(jue)議(yi)(yi)案》，1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)15日(ri)(ri)(ri)，《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)文(wen)件選集(ji)》第5冊，第549－555頁。）中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)確認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)等人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)東路問題上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意見，“是黨內(nei)一(yi)些動搖的(de)(de)(de)(de)機會(hui)主(zhu)義分(fen)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)立場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)露骨的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)現。（《評(ping)(ping)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信件》）”，陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)被開(kai)(kai)除(chu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨。12月(yue)(yue)，與彭述之(zhi)等81人(ren)(ren)(ren)發(fa)(fa)表(biao)《我(wo)(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治意見書(shu)》，攻擊中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)機會(hui)主(zhu)義領(ling)導(dao)層。同時(shi)(shi)，在(zai)(zai)上(shang)海建立托(tuo)(tuo)派(pai)(pai)組織“無(wu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者社”，出(chu)(chu)(chu)版《無(wu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者》刊物(wu)，宣傳托(tuo)(tuo)派(pai)(pai)觀點。1932年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，在(zai)(zai)上(shang)海淞(song)滬抗(kang)會(hui)戰中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，支持抗(kang)戰，譴責(ze)蔣介石賣國(guo)(guo)(guo)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)裁(cai)，而后被國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨政(zheng)府逮捕。1937年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)(yue)出(chu)(chu)(chu)獄(yu)，擁(yong)(yong)護國(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)作(zuo)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨領(ling)導(dao)抗(kang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)，在(zai)(zai)武(wu)漢聯(lian)(lian)(lian)絡民(min)(min)主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)士和抗(kang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)軍(jun)隊(dui)，試圖組織“不(bu)(bu)擁(yong)(yong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)、不(bu)(bu)阿共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)第三勢力。此時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)已偏離了(le)(le)(le)托(tuo)(tuo)派(pai)(pai)綱領(ling)，并遭到多(duo)數中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)托(tuo)(tuo)派(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)對(dui)(dui)，但仍與托(tuo)(tuo)派(pai)(pai)組織保持關(guan)系(xi)——直至逝世也(ye)未曾脫離過(guo)這(zhe)種組織和思想、政(zheng)治關(guan)系(xi)。1938年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，被王明(ming)、康生誣陷(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)本間諜，從(cong)此與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)徹底(di)決(jue)(jue)裂。晚年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)獨(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)最終的(de)(de)(de)(de)立場(chang)是要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)建立民(min)(min)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)權(quan)，開(kai)(kai)始對(dui)(dui)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)主(zhu)義理論進行(xing)反(fan)思。

1942年(nian)5月(yue)27日，陳獨秀作為二十多年(nian)來一直為無產階級解放事業而奮斗的革命(ming)戰士于四川江(jiang)津病逝。主要著(zhu)作收入《獨秀文(wen)存》、《陳獨秀文(wen)章選編》等。

革命后期

放棄對農(nong)民(min)(min)、城市小(xiao)資(zi)產(chan)階級(ji)和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)資(zi)產(chan)階級(ji)的領(ling)導權(quan)，尤(you)其是放棄對武裝力量的領(ling)導權(quan)，對國民(min)(min)黨右派的進攻，采取(qu)妥協投降的政(zheng)策。1927年(nian)(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國大(da)革命遭到失敗，除了來自共(gong)產(chan)國際指導上(shang)的原因，他的右傾錯誤也是重要(yao)的原因。1927年(nian)(nian)7月中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央政(zheng)治局改組(zu)，他離(li)開(kai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央領(ling)導崗位。此(ci)后(hou)，他接受托(tuo)派觀點，以在黨內成立小(xiao)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)的方式進行活(huo)動(dong)。1929年(nian)(nian)11月，因為他在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)東路(lu)問題上(shang)發(fa)表對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央的公開(kai)信，而(er)被(bei)開(kai)除黨籍。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)12月發(fa)表由81人署名的作為托(tuo)陳取(qu)消(xiao)派綱領(ling)的《我們的政(zheng)治意見書》。同(tong)時，在上(shang)海組(zu)成托(tuo)派小(xiao)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)無產(chan)者社，出(chu)版刊物《無產(chan)者》。1931年(nian)(nian)5月，出(chu)席中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國各托(tuo)派小(xiao)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)的“統一大(da)會(hui)”，被(bei)推選(xuan)為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國托(tuo)派組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央書記。1932年(nian)(nian)10月，在上(shang)海被(bei)國民(min)(min)黨政(zheng)府逮捕，判刑(xing)后(hou)囚禁(jin)于南京模范監獄(yu)。

抗戰時期

抗戰全面爆(bao)發后(hou)，他于(yu)1937年8月(yue)出獄(yu)，先(xian)后(hou)住在(zai)武漢、重慶(qing)，最后(hou)長期(qi)居住于(yu)四川江(jiang)津（今重慶(qing)市(shi)江(jiang)津區）。1942年5月(yue)在(zai)貧病(bing)交加中逝(shi)世。

主要作品

文選

主(zhu)要(yao)著作收入(ru)《獨秀(xiu)(xiu)文存》、《陳(chen)獨秀(xiu)(xiu)文章選編(bian)》、《陳(chen)獨秀(xiu)(xiu)思想論稿(gao)》、《陳(chen)獨秀(xiu)(xiu)著作選編(bian)》等。

1984-1993年間，三卷本(ben)《陳獨秀著作(zuo)選》相繼由上海人民出(chu)版(ban)社出(chu)版(ban)。編者(zhe)寫(xie)于(yu)(yu)1991年12月的(de)“編輯(ji)說明”中(zhong)說：“對于(yu)(yu)陳獨秀詆毀中(zhong)國(guo)共產黨(dang)，誣蔑工農(nong)紅軍和(he)(he)反對農(nong)村(cun)包圍城市革命道路(lu)的(de)錯誤言論(lun)，本(ben)書全文(wen)照(zhao)錄，不予刪節，以供(gong)讀者(zhe)研究和(he)(he)批判(pan)”。字里(li)行(xing)間，“批判(pan)”遺風猶在，且不無防身自(zi)保之(zhi)慮。

2009年1月上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海人(ren)民出(chu)版社推(tui)出(chu)《陳獨(du)秀著作(zuo)(zuo)選編》六卷本(ben)，輯文(wen)(wen)890篇，272萬(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)。較(jiao)原三卷本(ben)600多篇、162萬(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)，多出(chu)200多篇、115萬(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)。校正舊編中(zhong)錯、別、漏(lou)字(zi)(zi)句上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)千(qian)處。新(xin)輯作(zuo)(zuo)品主要(yao)是檔案文(wen)(wen)件、新(xin)發(fa)現的文(wen)(wen)章(zhang)書信，以及音韻(yun)學(xue)、文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)學(xue)方面的著作(zuo)(zuo)。其中(zhong)有陳獨(du)秀在上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海工人(ren)第(di)三次武裝(zhuang)起(qi)義前后(hou)主持特別委員會的發(fa)言(yan)，五(wu)卅(sa)運動中(zhong)在《熱血日報(bao)》上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)發(fa)表的文(wen)(wen)章(zhang)，在南京獄中(zhong)寫給(gei)(gei)汪原放(fang)的54封書信，入川后(hou)寫給(gei)(gei)臺靜(jing)農等(deng)(deng)人(ren)的近百封書信，等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。

《陳(chen)獨秀著作(zuo)選》第六卷，收入陳(chen)獨秀音韻學著作(zuo)《古音陰陽(yang)入互用例(li)表》、《連語類(lei)編》以及與他的學生、語言學家魏建功來往書(shu)信(xin)。文字(zi)學著作(zuo)，收入《小學識字(zi)教本(ben)》、致(zhi)臺靜農、陳(chen)立夫、陳(chen)可忠等人書(shu)信(xin)。

《小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)識字(zi)(zi)(zi)教本(ben)》，是陳獨(du)(du)秀文(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)學(xue)(xue)研(yan)究集大(da)成(cheng)之作(zuo)。1929年(nian)寫成(cheng)《中(zhong)國拼音文(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)草案(an)》，售(shou)予商(shang)務印(yin)書(shu)館。當時，陳獨(du)(du)秀是當局通(tong)緝的(de)“共黨首領”，自然不能出(chu)版(ban)，書(shu)稿(gao)(gao)亦杳無下落。居川期間(jian)，陳獨(du)(du)秀在《實庵字(zi)(zi)(zi)說(shuo)》《識字(zi)(zi)(zi)初階》基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)，寫《小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)識字(zi)(zi)(zi)教本(ben)》。原定(ding)由國民(min)政府教育(yu)(yu)部出(chu)版(ban)，并兩(liang)次預支(zhi)稿(gao)(gao)酬一萬元。教育(yu)(yu)部長陳立夫(fu)認為“小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)”二字(zi)(zi)(zi)不妥，建議改書(shu)名為《中(zhong)國文(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)說(shuo)明》。陳獨(du)(du)秀以(yi)“小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)”乃音韻字(zi)(zi)(zi)、文(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)學(xue)(xue)綜合之古稱，也(ye)是他研(yan)究文(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)、聲、義(yi)三(san)(san)者統一而非(fei)三(san)(san)者分(fen)立的(de)特點，拒(ju)改書(shu)名。此書(shu)不能出(chu)版(ban)，他令家人(ren)不得(de)動(dong)用(yong)稿(gao)(gao)酬。《小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)識字(zi)(zi)(zi)教本(ben)》書(shu)稿(gao)(gao)由國立編譯館油印(yin)50冊(ce)分(fen)贈(zeng)專家。梁實秋分(fen)得(de)一冊(ce)，十分(fen)珍(zhen)愛(ai)，日(ri)后帶往臺灣，請(qing)專人(ren)描清字(zi)(zi)(zi)跡不清處，影(ying)印(yin)500冊(ce)，仍(reng)感不佳。再(zai)請(qing)人(ren)費時十月，將全稿(gao)(gao)重(zhong)描無誤(wu)，書(shu)名改作(zuo)《文(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)新詮(quan)》，隱去作(zuo)者姓名與《自敘(xu)》，代之以(yi)梁序，于1971年(nian)由臺灣語文(wen)研(yan)究中(zhong)心影(ying)印(yin)出(chu)版(ban)。梁私下告友人(ren)，此為陳獨(du)(du)秀遺作(zuo)。《小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)識字(zi)(zi)(zi)教本(ben)》得(de)以(yi)傳(chuan)世，梁氏功莫(mo)大(da)焉。

在(zai)獄(yu)中(zhong)，陳獨秀寫了《荀子韻表(biao)及考(kao)釋》、《實庵字(zi)說》、《老子考(kao)略(lve)》、《中(zhong)國古代(dai)語(yu)音有復聲母說》、《古音陰陽入互用(yong)例表(biao)》、《連語(yu)類編》、《屈(qu)宋韻表(biao)及考(kao)釋》、《晉呂靜韻集目》、《戊寅年登石筍(sun)山》《干支為字(zi)母說》等(deng)音韻訓詁學著(zhu)作。

書法

陳(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)論(lun)書(shu)(shu)法(fa)，有(you)一(yi)則(ze)(ze)佳話流傳甚廣(guang)。即(ji)我們都(dou)(dou)知道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)法(fa)家沈(shen)(shen)尹(yin)(yin)默先(xian)生，早年就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)受了陳(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)語“刺激”，而(er)發憤(fen)練字(zi)(zi)(zi)，終成一(yi)代(dai)大師的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。當時(shi)陳(chen)與沈(shen)(shen)還不(bu)熟悉，但性格率(lv)直、快(kuai)人快(kuai)語的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陳(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)初次相見，就(jiu)當面(mian)說：“昨在(zai)(zai)(zai)劉三(san)壁上(shang)見了你(ni)寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詩(shi)，詩(shi)很好，而(er)字(zi)(zi)(zi)則(ze)(ze)其(qi)俗在(zai)(zai)(zai)骨。可(ke)(ke)謂詩(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)天上(shang)，字(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)地下！”劉三(san)則(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)江南(nan)名士(shi)劉季平也(ye)(ye)，其(qi)時(shi)劉三(san)和蘇曼殊以及陳(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)、沈(shen)(shen)尹(yin)(yin)默等(deng)，都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)東瀛留學(xue)歸來(lai)常在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)起詩(shi)酒風流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名士(shi)。沈(shen)(shen)尹(yin)(yin)默并不(bu)因陳(chen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)批(pi)評為忤，相反(fan)后(hou)來(lai)沈(shen)(shen)入北大任教，還把陳(chen)推薦給(gei)了蔡元(yuan)培(pei)校長(chang)，并委以文科學(xue)長(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)職，足(zu)見舊時(shi)學(xue)人謙虛寬(kuan)博之(zhi)(zhi)胸(xiong)懷。陳(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)批(pi)評沈(shen)(shen)尹(yin)(yin)默的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)字(zi)(zi)(zi)“俗在(zai)(zai)(zai)骨”，實際(ji)上(shang)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)透露了他自(zi)(zi)己書(shu)(shu)法(fa)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審美(mei)觀(guan)(guan)。一(yi)般以帖(tie)學(xue)為宗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)法(fa)，若無(wu)(wu)厚(hou)實的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北碑(bei)為底(di)，用(yong)筆(bi)單調柔(rou)弱，則(ze)(ze)容易(yi)滑向(xiang)“媚俗”一(yi)路。這(zhe)一(yi)觀(guan)(guan)點也(ye)(ye)和清代(dai)末期由尊帖(tie)轉而(er)尊碑(bei)風尚是(shi)(shi)一(yi)致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。不(bu)過(guo)后(hou)來(lai)即(ji)便是(shi)(shi)沈(shen)(shen)尹(yin)(yin)默的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)法(fa)已經達到(dao)很高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)境界了，但陳(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)肯(ken)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)，依舊保(bao)留了自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨(du)到(dao)見解，他在(zai)(zai)(zai)1941年給(gei)臺靜(jing)農的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信中(zhong)說：“尹(yin)(yin)默字(zi)(zi)(zi)素來(lai)工力(li)甚深，非眼面(mian)朋友所可(ke)(ke)及，然(ran)其(qi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)外(wai)無(wu)(wu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)，視三(san)十年前無(wu)(wu)大異也(ye)(ye)。存世二王(wang)字(zi)(zi)(zi)，獻之(zhi)(zhi)數種近真，羲(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)多為米南(nan)宮臨(lin)本，神韻猶在(zai)(zai)(zai)歐褚所臨(lin)蘭亭之(zhi)(zhi)下，即(ji)刻意學(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)，字(zi)(zi)(zi)品終在(zai)(zai)(zai)唐賢以下也(ye)(ye)。”反(fan)觀(guan)(guan)陳(chen)獨(du)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)法(fa)則(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)碑(bei)帖(tie)結合，寫得(de)汪(wang)洋閎肆、兼備眾(zhong)體。

貢獻影響

第一，他是新文化運動的發起者，是20世紀中國第一次思想解放運動的(de)(de)倡導者。他在中(zhong)國歷史上第一(yi)個(ge)舉起了民主、科(ke)學兩(liang)面(mian)大(da)旗，對于中(zhong)國近(jin)現(xian)代(dai)歷史的(de)(de)發展產生了巨大(da)的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，至今還在影(ying)響(xiang)著中(zhong)國歷史的(de)(de)進程(cheng)。他創辦的(de)(de)《新青年》雜志，是(shi)中(zhong)國近(jin)現(xian)代(dai)歷史上影(ying)響(xiang)最大(da)的(de)(de)刊物，教育、引(yin)導了整(zheng)整(zheng)一(yi)代(dai)人。

第二，他是(shi)五四(si)運動的(de)(de)總司令(ling)，是(shi)五四(si)運動思(si)想指(zhi)導者。五四(si)運動能(neng)夠在中國近(jin)現代歷史上發生那么(me)大的(de)(de)影響，與他的(de)(de)活動、指(zhi)導、影響是(shi)分不(bu)開(kai)的(de)(de)。在高(gao)度(du)評價五四(si)運動歷史功績的(de)(de)同時，不(bu)能(neng)忘記陳(chen)獨秀在其中的(de)(de)巨大歷史功勞。

第三，他是馬(ma)克(ke)思主義(yi)的(de)積極(ji)傳(chuan)(chuan)播(bo)者。他傳(chuan)(chuan)播(bo)馬(ma)克(ke)思主義(yi)雖然(ran)沒(mei)有李大釗早(zao)，但他創辦的(de)《新(xin)青年》雜志是當時傳(chuan)(chuan)播(bo)馬(ma)克(ke)思主義(yi)的(de)主要(yao)陣(zhen)地，其重要(yao)作用(yong)是任何別(bie)的(de)報刊不能替代的(de)。

第四，他是中國(guo)(guo)共產黨(dang)(dang)主(zhu)要的(de)創(chuang)始(shi)人(ren)。陳獨(du)秀(xiu)是中國(guo)(guo)共產黨(dang)(dang)創(chuang)始(shi)人(ren)之一(yi)的(de)說法不準確。如果沒有陳獨(du)秀(xiu)，就(jiu)沒有中國(guo)(guo)共產黨(dang)(dang)在1921年的(de)成立。僅(jin)僅(jin)這一(yi)條，他就(jiu)可以(yi)名垂千古，光照千秋。

第五，他是(shi)中國(guo)共(gong)產(chan)黨第一代領導集體的主要(yao)的領導人。

第六，他是中國近現代歷史上第一個深刻(ke)總結、反思蘇(su)聯(lian)和社會(hui)主義(yi)民主政治建設經驗教訓的(de)人。與孫中山(shan)共事。