該圖片由注冊用戶""提供， 反饋黃蜂(feng)的(de)口器為(wei)咀嚼式(shi)，觸角具12或13節(jie)。通常有(you)翅，胸腹之(zhi)間以(yi)纖(xian)細的(de)“腰(yao)”相(xiang)連(lian)，腹部具可怕的(de)螫(shi)刺。成蟲(chong)主要以(yi)花蜜為(wei)食(shi)(shi)，但幼蟲(chong)以(yi)母(mu)體提供的(de)昆蟲(chong)為(wei)食(shi)(shi)。已知(zhi)有(you)20000多(duo)種(zhong)，絕大部分(fen)為(wei)獨棲(qi)，社會性的(de)黃蜂(feng)僅(jin)限于胡(hu)蜂(feng)超科(ke)（Vespoidea）胡(hu)蜂(feng)科(ke)（Vespidae）的(de)約1000種(zhong)，還(huan)包括大胡(hu)蜂(feng)及黃衣小胡(hu)蜂(feng)類(lei)。這些種(zhong)類(lei)與(yu)蛛蜂(feng)科(ke)（Pompilidae，同(tong)屬胡(hu)蜂(feng)超科(ke)）種(zhong)類(lei)和其他(ta)黃蜂(feng)類(lei)的(de)不同(tong)之(zhi)處是休息時其翅縱(zong)向折疊。
黃蜂(feng)(feng)成蟲(chong)時期(qi)的身體(ti)(ti)外觀亦(yi)具有(you)昆(kun)蟲(chong)的標準特征(zheng)，包括頭部、胸(xiong)部、腹(fu)部、三對腳(jiao)和(he)一(yi)對觸角；同時，它的單(dan)眼、復眼與翅膀(bang)，也是多數昆(kun)蟲(chong)共有(you)的特征(zheng)；此(ci)外，腹(fu)部尾端內隱(yin)藏了(le)一(yi)支退化的輸(shu)卵管，即有(you)毒蜂(feng)(feng)針。成蟲(chong)體(ti)(ti)多呈(cheng)黑、黃、棕三色相間(jian)，或為單(dan)一(yi)色。具大小不同的刻點(dian)或光滑(hua)。茸毛一(yi)般較(jiao)短。足較(jiao)長。翅發達，飛翔迅(xun)速(su)。靜(jing)止前翅縱折，覆蓋身體(ti)(ti)背面。
口器(qi)發達，上顎較粗壯。雄蜂(feng)腹部(bu)7節(jie)，無螫針。雌(ci)蜂(feng)腹部(bu)6節(jie)，末端有由產卵器(qi)形成的螫針，上連(lian)毒(du)囊，分(fen)泌毒(du)液，毒(du)力較強。蛹(yong)為離蛹(yong)，黃白色，顏色隨齡期而加(jia)深。頭、胸、腹分(fen)明，主要(yao)器(qi)官均明顯可見。很多蜾蠃以蛹(yong)越冬。幼蟲(chong)梭形，白色，無足。體分(fen)13節(jie)。
毒素和螫針：胡蜂的(de)(de)毒素分溶血毒和神經(jing)毒2類，可引起人(ren)的(de)(de)肝、腎等(deng)臟器的(de)(de)功能(neng)衰竭，特別是蜇(zhe)到人(ren)血管上有生命之憂，對(dui)(dui)過敏體質的(de)(de)人(ren)尤其危險。胡蜂毒刺上無毒腺(xian)蓋，可對(dui)(dui)人(ren)發(fa)動多次襲擊或蜇(zhe)刺人(ren)。
黃蜂(feng)也(ye)叫胡(hu)蜂(feng)，養殖胡(hu)蜂(feng)具有較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)經濟效益(yi)和廣(guang)闊(kuo)的(de)開(kai)發(fa)前景。胡(hu)蜂(feng)一生包(bao)括(kuo)卵、幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、蛹(yong)和成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)四個(ge)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)態(tai)，1年發(fa)生3代(dai)，第(di)1代(dai)成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)6月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)羽化，第(di)2代(dai)一般6月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)7月(yue)上旬(xun)發(fa)生，第(di)3代(dai)7月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)8月(yue)上中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)羽化，10月(yue)下旬(xun)交配，開(kai)始(shi)越冬(dong)(dong)。雄蜂(feng)多在第(di)3代(dai)出現，交配后死亡，壽命較(jiao)(jiao)短。越冬(dong)(dong)雄蜂(feng)有群集性(xing)，常抱(bao)團(tuan)越冬(dong)(dong)，抵御寒氣。春季(ji)雌蜂(feng)單(dan)獨(du)覓食(shi)(shi)筑(zhu)巢(chao)，一般將巢(chao)筑(zhu)于樹(shu)(shu)上或樹(shu)(shu)洞中(zhong)(zhong)。成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)捕食(shi)(shi)鱗翅目幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，并取(qu)食(shi)(shi)果(guo)汁(zhi)及嫩葉。
（1）蜂籠。木制(zhi)或用鐵紗(sha)網(wang)制(zhi)成，體積約為0.03～0.04立方米，使其(qi)有充分活動的(de)余地。
（2）蜂(feng)(feng)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)。大小視采收(shou)蜂(feng)(feng)巢(chao)的(de)(de)多少而定，可利用大型玻璃溫室、大型廠房或建(jian)立專(zhuan)用育蜂(feng)(feng)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)。蜂(feng)(feng)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)用鐵、木作(zuo)支架，鐵窗紗作(zuo)圍網，一般面積在(zai)100平方米左右，高2m，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內種(zhong)植(zhi)玉米、大豆、棉花等易(yi)接入昆(kun)蟲生存(cun)的(de)(de)作(zuo)物(wu)，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)的(de)(de)一面留有(you)紗門(men)。棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內要懸掛盛(sheng)有(you)蜜水、水果、瓜皮等飼料的(de)(de)小盤，使蜂(feng)(feng)能在(zai)放入后取(qu)食并自(zi)由(you)活動(dong)。
（3）蜂箱。用木材做成(cheng)，邊(bian)長15～20cm，上下用薄木板做成(cheng)蓋(gai)和底。蓋(gai)上裝有(you)(you)掛鉤(gou)，四周掛有(you)(you)紗窗，一側留有(you)(you)活門。
飼料水果，如熟透的蘋果、桃等(deng)；水分(fen)較多的青菜；糖蜜；瓜皮等(deng)。
飼養管(guan)理飼養胡蜂的(de)關(guan)鍵問(wen)題是：冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)保護雌種蜂安全度過冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)，春季(ji)(ji)引(yin)導早筑(zhu)巢、多筑(zhu)巢。
（1）采集(ji)(ji)。每年9月(yue)底(di)10月(yue)初(chu)，胡蜂(feng)開始(shi)脫(tuo)離(li)舊巢(chao)(chao)，遷移(yi)到適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)場所(suo)群(qun)集(ji)(ji)越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬(dong)，此時收集(ji)(ji)群(qun)蜂(feng)最為適宜。夜間(jian)用捕(bu)蟲網在(zai)(zai)群(qun)蜂(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬(dong)處收集(ji)(ji)，養殖在(zai)(zai)蜂(feng)籠(long)中。每個蜂(feng)籠(long)放(fang)入300～500頭，并用黑布遮(zhe)(zhe)光，放(fang)在(zai)(zai)干(gan)燥通風、不受干(gan)擾(rao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空室內，減少活動量，促(cu)使其(qi)(qi)提前進入冬(dong)眠狀態(tai)。為避免(mian)蜂(feng)群(qun)脫(tuo)巢(chao)(chao)后不易尋(xun)找，也可于9月(yue)中旬(xun)在(zai)(zai)原巢(chao)(chao)上采收，放(fang)入籠(long)或箱(xiang)中，利用群(qun)蜂(feng)向上習性，在(zai)(zai)籠(long)底(di)投放(fang)熟透(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蘋果、桃和水分較多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)青菜。中午氣(qi)溫(wen)高(gao)時，在(zai)(zai)陽光下曬3～4h，使其(qi)(qi)活動并取食，推遲休眠期(qi)，不但補充了營養，仍(reng)能使其(qi)(qi)安全(quan)越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬(dong)。胡蜂(feng)為半(ban)冬(dong)眠昆蟲，氣(qi)溫(wen)降(jiang)(jiang)至5℃開始(shi)抱(bao)團(tuan)(tuan)，氣(qi)溫(wen)越(yue)(yue)(yue)低(di)，抱(bao)團(tuan)(tuan)越(yue)(yue)(yue)緊；氣(qi)溫(wen)稍高(gao)，則抱(bao)團(tuan)(tuan)松散；溫(wen)度高(gao)于7℃時，便開始(shi)散團(tuan)(tuan)，越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬(dong)后成活率的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)低(di)主要與(yu)抱(bao)團(tuan)(tuan)好壞(huai)有關，所(suo)以，在(zai)(zai)越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬(dong)期(qi)間(jian)，要經常檢查，箱(xiang)籠(long)10～15日進行1次抱(bao)團(tuan)(tuan)情(qing)況檢查。如果發(fa)現散團(tuan)(tuan)，應及(ji)時降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)，加厚遮(zhe)(zhe)光外套。
（2）飼(si)(si)養(yang)管理(li)。第2年3月(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬氣溫(wen)(wen)回升到10℃以上(shang)(shang)(shang)，越冬(dong)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)開(kai)始(shi)(shi)散團，在(zai)(zai)(zai)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)壁活(huo)(huo)動(dong)。此(ci)時(shi)(shi)，應(ying)立(li)即(ji)投入蘋果、糖蜜、糖拌饃(mo)等飼(si)(si)料進行人(ren)工飼(si)(si)養(yang)，喂養(yang)至(zhi)4月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬，籠(long)(long)(long)(long)內蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)振翅活(huo)(huo)動(dong)一(yi)段時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)，才可(ke)(ke)(ke)放蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)出籠(long)(long)(long)(long)，回歸大自(zi)然筑(zhu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)。人(ren)工輔助筑(zhu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)自(zi)然條件(jian)下建(jian)筑(zhu)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)。春(chun)季(ji)氣溫(wen)(wen)恒定(ding)在(zai)(zai)(zai)13℃時(shi)(shi)，越冬(dong)胡蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)開(kai)始(shi)(shi)散團活(huo)(huo)動(dong)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)夜間(jian)(jian)移入大棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)中(zhong)(zhong)，輕(qing)開(kai)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)門或箱(xiang)蓋，來日胡蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)即(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內飛(fei)翔。氣溫(wen)(wen)恒定(ding)在(zai)(zai)(zai)17℃以上(shang)(shang)(shang)時(shi)(shi)，蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)開(kai)始(shi)(shi)進入筑(zhu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)產(chan)(chan)卵階(jie)段，應(ying)隨時(shi)(shi)觀察，見有蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)頂及(ji)四周(zhou)紗網上(shang)(shang)(shang)時(shi)(shi)飛(fei)時(shi)(shi)停，應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)將(jiang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)掛在(zai)(zai)(zai)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內各處(chu)，將(jiang)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)開(kai)啟一(yi)半而拴牢。于(yu)育蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)中(zhong)(zhong)僅有人(ren)工設(she)置的(de)(de)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)是(shi)遮光避雨、擋風的(de)(de)適(shi)宜筑(zhu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)地點，蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)很(hen)自(zi)然地飛(fei)入籠(long)(long)(long)(long)中(zhong)(zhong)。只要(yao)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)短暫的(de)(de)適(shi)應(ying)，用(yong)(yong)足(zu)及(ji)口器在(zai)(zai)(zai)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)頂清理(li)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)基(ji)，這時(shi)(shi)飼(si)(si)料盤中(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)添加糖蜜成分，以利(li)于(yu)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)建(jian)造牢固的(de)(de)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)柄(bing)(bing)。然后建(jian)立(li)第1個巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)室(shi)。巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)室(shi)是(shi)胡蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)將(jiang)口器啃嚼后的(de)(de)朽木及(ji)紙(zhi)張等糊狀(zhuang)纖維物(wu)質銜入籠(long)(long)(long)(long)中(zhong)(zhong)，粘(zhan)連在(zai)(zai)(zai)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)柄(bing)(bing)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，再稍(shao)修砌而成的(de)(de)，因此(ci)，要(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內放上(shang)(shang)(shang)腐朽木材，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)壁紗網上(shang)(shang)(shang)掛些(xie)廢紙(zhi)條，備蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)取(qu)用(yong)(yong)。第1個巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)室(shi)建(jian)好后，后蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)便在(zai)(zai)(zai)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)室(shi)近底部側(ce)壁產(chan)(chan)下1粒帶短柄(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)卵。蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)卵孵化(hua)(hua)前，后蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)會很(hen)快(kuai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)位(wei)于(yu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)柄(bing)(bing)下第1巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)室(shi)側(ce)面接圓周(zhou)狀(zhuang)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)室(shi)，邊建(jian)邊產(chan)(chan)卵，直至(zhi)卵粒依次(ci)孵化(hua)(hua)。后蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)不(bu)斷產(chan)(chan)卵，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)擔負外(wai)出覓食和(he)飼(si)(si)育幼蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)任務。巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)體不(bu)斷擴大，幼蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)隨之增加，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)特別注意(yi)飼(si)(si)料的(de)(de)供應(ying)。經(jing)過(guo)(guo)5個月(yue)的(de)(de)飼(si)(si)養(yang)管理(li)，蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)中(zhong)(zhong)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)直徑可(ke)(ke)(ke)達10CM以上(shang)(shang)(shang)，有百余只成蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。天氣漸冷，雌蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產(chan)(chan)卵停止。雌蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)內的(de)(de)蛹(yong)(yong)將(jiang)要(yao)羽化(hua)(hua)完時(shi)(shi)，宜關閉籠(long)(long)(long)(long)門，防(fang)成蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)離巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)。收回蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)，利(li)用(yong)(yong)夜間(jian)(jian)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)群(qun)(qun)安靜時(shi)(shi)，將(jiang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)倒放，待蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)群(qun)(qun)爬向上(shang)(shang)(shang)方離開(kai)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)時(shi)(shi)，摘(zhai)取(qu)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)房，取(qu)出尚未羽化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)殘蛹(yong)(yong)，掛在(zai)(zai)(zai)通風、干燥、無鼠、無蟲處(chu)晾干，備作(zuo)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)。蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)群(qun)(qun)旺盛時(shi)(shi)，還可(ke)(ke)(ke)提取(qu)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)毒(du)，藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)價(jia)值更高。
危(wei)害(hai)胡(hu)(hu)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)天敵種類很多，包(bao)括(kuo)昆蟲(chong)、蜘蛛(zhu)、鳥類及老鼠(shu)等，還有病(bing)原(yuan)微生(sheng)物引起的(de)病(bing)害(hai)。危(wei)害(hai)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)巢最(zui)嚴(yan)(yan)重的(de)是(shi)鱗翅目瞑蛾科的(de)黃尾巢螟(ming)，其成(cheng)蟲(chong)夜(ye)間在(zai)(zai)(zai)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)巢上(shang)(shang)(shang)產(chan)卵(luan)(luan)，4～5D后孵(fu)化出幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)。幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)穿行于蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)巢內(nei)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)室中(zhong)，咬(yao)食(shi)(shi)胡(hu)(hu)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)，造成(cheng)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)巢解體，且巢螟(ming)喜夜(ye)間活動(dong)(dong)，而胡(hu)(hu)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)白天活動(dong)(dong)，晚上(shang)(shang)(shang)伏于巢上(shang)(shang)(shang)不動(dong)(dong)，任巢螟(ming)將(jiang)其卵(luan)(luan)產(chan)于蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)巢上(shang)(shang)(shang)而無(wu)動(dong)(dong)于衷。一(yi)旦巢螟(ming)入侵(qin)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)巢，可使大(da)量胡(hu)(hu)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)死亡。對巢螟(ming)的(de)預防(fang)，一(yi)是(shi)讓胡(hu)(hu)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)將(jiang)巢建(jian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)離地面較遠的(de)位置，因為(wei)自然界的(de)胡(hu)(hu)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，一(yi)般距(ju)地面近的(de)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)巢受巢螟(ming)危(wei)害(hai)嚴(yan)(yan)重，距(ju)地面遠的(de)較輕；二是(shi)人工飼養箱(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)的(de)胡(hu)(hu)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)巢螟(ming)產(chan)卵(luan)(luan)的(de)2～3D內(nei)，每晚將(jiang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)箱(xiang)(xiang)門關上(shang)(shang)(shang)，可避免巢螟(ming)在(zai)(zai)(zai)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)箱(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)產(chan)卵(luan)(luan)。幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)溫多雨季節易得(de)腐臭病(bing)，感染后會很快(kuai)發病(bing)死亡。可以將(jiang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)箱(xiang)(xiang)疏散，在(zai)(zai)(zai)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)巢上(shang)(shang)(shang)用噴(pen)霧器(qi)噴(pen)灑抗生(sheng)素進行預防(fang)。此外，危(wei)害(hai)胡(hu)(hu)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)動(dong)(dong)物還有烏(wu)鴉、喜鵲、螞蟻、蜘蛛(zhu)、壁虎等。在(zai)(zai)(zai)冬季越(yue)冬時，老鼠(shu)也(ye)會咬(yao)食(shi)(shi)成(cheng)群越(yue)冬的(de)胡(hu)(hu)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，這些(xie)都需(xu)要(yao)加強防(fang)范(fan)。
