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生長與分布

生長環境

白(bai)星(xing)海(hai)(hai)芋會釋(shi)放出一種難(nan)聞的(de)腐肉味道。這種氣(qi)味可以吸引雌性(xing)大(da)蒼蠅(ying)為(wei)其傳粉(fen)(fen)。當(dang)大(da)蒼蠅(ying)飛到它們身上時，它們就用自己(ji)巨(ju)大(da)的(de)花朵將其捕(bu)獲并(bing)困(kun)于花朵之中(zhong)一整夜(ye)。第二(er)(er)天，白(bai)星(xing)海(hai)(hai)芋才(cai)會張(zhang)開(kai)花朵，將粘滿花粉(fen)(fen)的(de)大(da)蒼蠅(ying)釋(shi)放。當(dang)大(da)蒼蠅(ying)飛臨第二(er)(er)株(zhu)白(bai)星(xing)海(hai)(hai)芋花朵之上時，傳粉(fen)(fen)任務就完成了。

分布范圍

原產(chan)于歐(ou)洲以及(ji)西亞地(di)區。

形態及特征

多年生(sheng)熱帶草本(ben)。莖粗厚，短(duan)縮(suo)，大(da)都(dou)(dou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)下(xia)莖，稀上(shang)升或(huo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)直(zhi)立(li)(li)地(di)(di)上(shang)莖，密布(bu)葉柄(bing)痕。葉具長(chang)柄(bing)，下(xia)部(bu)多少具長(chang)鞘；葉片幼(you)時通(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)(chang)盾狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，成(cheng)年植株的(de)(de)(de)多為(wei)(wei)(wei)箭(jian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)心(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，邊緣(yuan)全緣(yuan)或(huo)淺(qian)波狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，有的(de)(de)(de)羽狀(zhuang)(zhuang)分裂幾達中(zhong)肋(lei)（我國不(bu)(bu)產(chan)），后(hou)裂片卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，常(chang)(chang)(chang)部(bu)分聯(lian)合(he)；下(xia)部(bu)I級(ji)(ji)側脈向下(xia)彎，稀輻射狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，大(da)都(dou)(dou)與(yu)后(hou)裂片基脈成(cheng)直(zhi)角(jiao)或(huo)銳角(jiao)，稀遠離而(er)成(cheng)鈍角(jiao)；由中(zhong)肋(lei)中(zhong)部(bu)伸出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)I級(ji)(ji)側脈多對(dui)，斜(xie)舉，集(ji)合(he)脈2-3，極(ji)接(jie)近葉緣(yuan)，II、III級(ji)(ji)脈由I級(ji)(ji)側脈伸出(chu)，纖細(xi)(xi)，在I級(ji)(ji)側脈之間匯合(he)為(wei)(wei)(wei)細(xi)(xi)集(ji)合(he)脈。花(hua)(hua)(hua)序柄(bing)后(hou)葉抽出(chu)，常(chang)(chang)(chang)多數(shu)集(ji)成(cheng)短(duan)縮(suo)的(de)(de)(de)、具苞(bao)片的(de)(de)(de)合(he)軸。佛焰苞(bao)管部(bu)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、長(chang)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，席卷，宿存，果(guo)期逐漸(jian)不(bu)(bu)整齊地(di)(di)撕裂；檐部(bu)長(chang)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，通(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)(chang)舟狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，后(hou)期后(hou)翻，從管部(bu)上(shang)緣(yuan)脫落。肉穗花(hua)(hua)(hua)序短(duan)于佛焰苞(bao)，粗厚，圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，直(zhi)立(li)(li)，雌花(hua)(hua)(hua)序短(duan)，錐(zhui)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，不(bu)(bu)育(yu)雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序（中(zhong)性花(hua)(hua)(hua)序）通(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)(chang)明(ming)顯(xian)變狹；能育(yu)雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；附屬器圓(yuan)錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，有不(bu)(bu)規則的(de)(de)(de)槽紋。花(hua)(hua)(hua)單性，無花(hua)(hua)(hua)被。能育(yu)雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)合(he)生(sheng)雄(xiong)蕊柱(zhu)，倒(dao)金字塔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，頂部(bu)截(jie)(jie)平(ping)，近六角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，有雄(xiong)蕊3-8，花(hua)(hua)(hua)藥線狀(zhuang)(zhuang)長(chang)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，具藥隔，緊靠，通(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)(chang)延長(chang)幾達雄(xiong)蕊基部(bu)，裂縫短(duan)，上(shang)部(bu)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)粉(fen)末狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。不(bu)(bu)育(yu)雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)合(he)生(sheng)假雄(xiong)蕊，扁平(ping)，倒(dao)金字塔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，頂部(bu)截(jie)(jie)平(ping)。雌花(hua)(hua)(hua)有心(xin)皮(pi)3-4，子(zi)(zi)(zi)房卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)長(chang)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)開始短(duan)，后(hou)來不(bu)(bu)明(ming)顯(xian)，柱(zhu)頭扁頭狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，先端(duan)多少3-4裂；1室，但有時最上(shang)端(duan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)3-4室；胚珠(zhu)(zhu)少數(shu)，直(zhi)生(sheng)，直(zhi)立(li)(li)、半倒(dao)生(sheng)；珠(zhu)(zhu)柄(bing)極(ji)短(duan)，基底胎座(zuo)。漿果(guo)大(da)都(dou)(dou)紅色，橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，倒(dao)圓(yuan)錐(zhui)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)近球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，冠以宿存柱(zhu)頭，1室，種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)少數(shu)或(huo)單1；種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)近球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，直(zhi)立(li)(li)，有不(bu)(bu)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)阜，表皮(pi)薄，種(zhong)(zhong)皮(pi)厚，光滑，內種(zhong)(zhong)皮(pi)薄，光滑，珠(zhu)(zhu)柄(bing)短(duan)。胚乳豐富。胚在種(zhong)(zhong)，子(zi)(zi)(zi)頂端(duan)彎向子(zi)(zi)(zi)房室頂。