生長環境
白星(xing)海芋(yu)會釋放出一(yi)種難聞的腐肉味(wei)道。這種氣味(wei)可以(yi)吸引雌性大(da)蒼蠅為其(qi)傳粉(fen)。當大(da)蒼蠅飛到它們(men)身(shen)上時,它們(men)就(jiu)用自(zi)己巨(ju)大(da)的花(hua)(hua)朵將(jiang)其(qi)捕獲(huo)并困于花(hua)(hua)朵之中一(yi)整夜。第二天,白星(xing)海芋(yu)才會張開(kai)花(hua)(hua)朵,將(jiang)粘滿(man)花(hua)(hua)粉(fen)的大(da)蒼蠅釋放。當大(da)蒼蠅飛臨第二株白星(xing)海芋(yu)花(hua)(hua)朵之上時,傳粉(fen)任務就(jiu)完(wan)成(cheng)了。
分布范圍
原產(chan)于歐洲以及西(xi)亞地區(qu)。
多(duo)(duo)年生(sheng)(sheng)熱帶草(cao)本。莖粗(cu)厚,短(duan)(duan)(duan)縮,大(da)(da)都(dou)為(wei)地下莖,稀上升或(huo)為(wei)直(zhi)(zhi)立(li)地上莖,密布葉柄(bing)(bing)痕。葉具(ju)(ju)長(chang)柄(bing)(bing),下部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)多(duo)(duo)少具(ju)(ju)長(chang)鞘;葉片幼時通常(chang)(chang)(chang)盾(dun)狀(zhuang)(zhuang),成年植株的(de)多(duo)(duo)為(wei)箭狀(zhuang)(zhuang)心(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),邊緣(yuan)全緣(yuan)或(huo)淺波狀(zhuang)(zhuang),有(you)的(de)羽狀(zhuang)(zhuang)分裂(lie)幾(ji)達中(zhong)肋(lei)(我國不(bu)產),后(hou)裂(lie)片卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),常(chang)(chang)(chang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分聯合(he)(he)(he);下部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)I級側(ce)(ce)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)向下彎(wan),稀輻射狀(zhuang)(zhuang),大(da)(da)都(dou)與(yu)后(hou)裂(lie)片基脈(mo)(mo)(mo)成直(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)或(huo)銳角(jiao),稀遠離而成鈍角(jiao);由(you)中(zhong)肋(lei)中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)伸出的(de)I級側(ce)(ce)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)多(duo)(duo)對(dui),斜舉,集合(he)(he)(he)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)2-3,極(ji)(ji)接近葉緣(yuan),II、III級脈(mo)(mo)(mo)由(you)I級側(ce)(ce)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)伸出,纖(xian)細,在I級側(ce)(ce)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)之間匯(hui)合(he)(he)(he)為(wei)細集合(he)(he)(he)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)。花(hua)(hua)序柄(bing)(bing)后(hou)葉抽出,常(chang)(chang)(chang)多(duo)(duo)數集成短(duan)(duan)(duan)縮的(de)、具(ju)(ju)苞片的(de)合(he)(he)(he)軸。佛焰苞管部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),席卷(juan),宿存(cun),果(guo)期逐漸(jian)不(bu)整齊(qi)地撕裂(lie);檐部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),通常(chang)(chang)(chang)舟狀(zhuang)(zhuang),后(hou)期后(hou)翻,從管部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)上緣(yuan)脫(tuo)落。肉穗花(hua)(hua)序短(duan)(duan)(duan)于佛焰苞,粗(cu)厚,圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直(zhi)(zhi)立(li),雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)序短(duan)(duan)(duan),錐狀(zhuang)(zhuang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),不(bu)育雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)序(中(zhong)性花(hua)(hua)序)通常(chang)(chang)(chang)明(ming)(ming)顯變狹;能(neng)育雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)序圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);附屬器圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)不(bu)規(gui)則的(de)槽紋。花(hua)(hua)單(dan)性,無花(hua)(hua)被(bei)。能(neng)育雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)為(wei)合(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)雄(xiong)蕊柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),倒(dao)(dao)金字(zi)塔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),頂部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)截平,近六角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)雄(xiong)蕊3-8,花(hua)(hua)藥(yao)線狀(zhuang)(zhuang)長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),具(ju)(ju)藥(yao)隔,緊靠,通常(chang)(chang)(chang)延長(chang)幾(ji)達雄(xiong)蕊基部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu),裂(lie)縫短(duan)(duan)(duan),上部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),花(hua)(hua)粉粉末狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。不(bu)育雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)為(wei)合(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)假(jia)雄(xiong)蕊,扁平,倒(dao)(dao)金字(zi)塔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),頂部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)截平。雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)有(you)心(xin)皮(pi)3-4,子(zi)房卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),花(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)開始短(duan)(duan)(duan),后(hou)來不(bu)明(ming)(ming)顯,柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭扁頭狀(zhuang)(zhuang),先端(duan)多(duo)(duo)少3-4裂(lie);1室(shi),但(dan)有(you)時最上端(duan)為(wei)3-4室(shi);胚(pei)珠少數,直(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng),直(zhi)(zhi)立(li)、半倒(dao)(dao)生(sheng)(sheng);珠柄(bing)(bing)極(ji)(ji)短(duan)(duan)(duan),基底(di)胎座。漿果(guo)大(da)(da)都(dou)紅色,橢圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),倒(dao)(dao)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐狀(zhuang)(zhuang)橢圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)近球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),冠(guan)以宿存(cun)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭,1室(shi),種(zhong)子(zi)少數或(huo)單(dan)1;種(zhong)子(zi)近球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直(zhi)(zhi)立(li),有(you)不(bu)明(ming)(ming)顯的(de)種(zhong)阜,表皮(pi)薄,種(zhong)皮(pi)厚,光滑,內種(zhong)皮(pi)薄,光滑,珠柄(bing)(bing)短(duan)(duan)(duan)。胚(pei)乳豐富。胚(pei)在種(zhong),子(zi)頂端(duan)彎(wan)向子(zi)房室(shi)頂。