生長環境
白(bai)星海(hai)芋會(hui)釋放出一(yi)種難聞(wen)的腐肉味道。這(zhe)種氣味可以吸引(yin)雌性大(da)蒼蠅為其(qi)傳粉(fen)。當(dang)大(da)蒼蠅飛到它們(men)身(shen)上(shang)時,它們(men)就用自(zi)己巨大(da)的花(hua)朵將(jiang)(jiang)其(qi)捕獲并(bing)困于(yu)花(hua)朵之中一(yi)整夜。第二天,白(bai)星海(hai)芋才會(hui)張開花(hua)朵,將(jiang)(jiang)粘滿花(hua)粉(fen)的大(da)蒼蠅釋放。當(dang)大(da)蒼蠅飛臨第二株白(bai)星海(hai)芋花(hua)朵之上(shang)時,傳粉(fen)任務(wu)就完成了。
分布范圍
原產(chan)于歐洲以及西亞地(di)區。
多(duo)年生熱帶草本。莖粗厚(hou),短(duan)縮,大(da)都(dou)為(wei)地下莖,稀(xi)上(shang)升(sheng)或(huo)為(wei)直(zhi)立(li)地上(shang)莖,密布葉柄痕。葉具(ju)(ju)(ju)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)柄,下部(bu)(bu)多(duo)少具(ju)(ju)(ju)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)鞘;葉片(pian)幼時(shi)通(tong)常(chang)盾狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),成年植株的(de)(de)多(duo)為(wei)箭狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)心(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),邊緣全緣或(huo)淺波狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),有(you)(you)的(de)(de)羽狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)分裂(lie)幾(ji)達(da)中(zhong)(zhong)肋(我國不產),后(hou)(hou)裂(lie)片(pian)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)三角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),常(chang)部(bu)(bu)分聯合(he)(he)(he);下部(bu)(bu)I級(ji)側(ce)脈向下彎,稀(xi)輻射狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),大(da)都(dou)與后(hou)(hou)裂(lie)片(pian)基(ji)脈成直(zhi)角(jiao)(jiao)或(huo)銳(rui)角(jiao)(jiao),稀(xi)遠離而成鈍角(jiao)(jiao);由(you)中(zhong)(zhong)肋中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)伸(shen)出的(de)(de)I級(ji)側(ce)脈多(duo)對(dui),斜舉,集合(he)(he)(he)脈2-3,極(ji)接近(jin)葉緣,II、III級(ji)脈由(you)I級(ji)側(ce)脈伸(shen)出,纖細,在(zai)I級(ji)側(ce)脈之間匯合(he)(he)(he)為(wei)細集合(he)(he)(he)脈。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)柄后(hou)(hou)葉抽出,常(chang)多(duo)數(shu)集成短(duan)縮的(de)(de)、具(ju)(ju)(ju)苞(bao)片(pian)的(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)軸。佛焰苞(bao)管(guan)(guan)部(bu)(bu)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),席卷,宿存,果(guo)期逐漸不整齊(qi)地撕(si)裂(lie);檐部(bu)(bu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),通(tong)常(chang)舟(zhou)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),后(hou)(hou)期后(hou)(hou)翻,從管(guan)(guan)部(bu)(bu)上(shang)緣脫落。肉(rou)穗(sui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)短(duan)于佛焰苞(bao),粗厚(hou),圓柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直(zhi)立(li),雌花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)短(duan),錐狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)圓柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),不育(yu)(yu)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu))通(tong)常(chang)明(ming)顯變狹;能育(yu)(yu)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)圓柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);附屬器圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)(you)不規則的(de)(de)槽紋。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)單性(xing),無花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被。能育(yu)(yu)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)合(he)(he)(he)生雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)蕊(rui)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),倒(dao)(dao)(dao)金字塔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),頂部(bu)(bu)截(jie)平(ping),近(jin)六角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)(you)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)蕊(rui)3-8,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)藥(yao)線(xian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),具(ju)(ju)(ju)藥(yao)隔(ge),緊靠,通(tong)常(chang)延長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)幾(ji)達(da)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)蕊(rui)基(ji)部(bu)(bu),裂(lie)縫(feng)短(duan),上(shang)部(bu)(bu)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)粉(fen)末狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。不育(yu)(yu)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)合(he)(he)(he)生假雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)蕊(rui),扁平(ping),倒(dao)(dao)(dao)金字塔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),頂部(bu)(bu)截(jie)平(ping)。雌花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)有(you)(you)心(xin)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)3-4,子房卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)開(kai)始短(duan),后(hou)(hou)來不明(ming)顯,柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)扁頭(tou)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),先端(duan)(duan)多(duo)少3-4裂(lie);1室(shi),但有(you)(you)時(shi)最上(shang)端(duan)(duan)為(wei)3-4室(shi);胚珠少數(shu),直(zhi)生,直(zhi)立(li)、半(ban)倒(dao)(dao)(dao)生;珠柄極(ji)短(duan),基(ji)底胎座。漿果(guo)大(da)都(dou)紅色(se),橢(tuo)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),倒(dao)(dao)(dao)圓錐狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)橢(tuo)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)近(jin)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),冠以宿存柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou),1室(shi),種(zhong)子少數(shu)或(huo)單1;種(zhong)子近(jin)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直(zhi)立(li),有(you)(you)不明(ming)顯的(de)(de)種(zhong)阜,表皮(pi)(pi)(pi)薄,種(zhong)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)厚(hou),光滑,內種(zhong)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)薄,光滑,珠柄短(duan)。胚乳豐(feng)富(fu)。胚在(zai)種(zhong),子頂端(duan)(duan)彎向子房室(shi)頂。