《西游記》第(di)五十八回(hui) 二心攪亂大乾坤 一體難(nan)修真寂滅我(wo)佛合掌道(dao)(dao):“觀音尊者(zhe),你看那兩個行者(zhe),誰是(shi)(shi)(shi)真假?”菩薩(sa)道(dao)(dao):“前(qian)日在弟子荒(huang)境(jing),委不(bu)能(neng)(neng)辨(bian)(bian)。他又至天(tian)(tian)(tian)宮(gong)、地府,亦(yi)俱難(nan)認(ren)。特來(lai)(lai)(lai)拜(bai)告如(ru)來(lai)(lai)(lai),千(qian)萬(wan)與(yu)他辨(bian)(bian)明(ming)(ming)(ming)辨(bian)(bian)明(ming)(ming)(ming)。”如(ru)來(lai)(lai)(lai)笑道(dao)(dao):“汝等法(fa)力廣大,只能(neng)(neng)普閱周(zhou)(zhou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)事,不(bu)能(neng)(neng)遍識(shi)周(zhou)(zhou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu),亦(yi)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)廣會周(zhou)(zhou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)也(ye)。”菩薩(sa)又請示周(zhou)(zhou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei),如(ru)來(lai)(lai)(lai)才道(dao)(dao):“周(zhou)(zhou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)有五仙,乃天(tian)(tian)(tian)地神人鬼;有五蟲,乃蠃鱗毛羽昆(kun)。這廝非(fei)(fei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)非(fei)(fei)地非(fei)(fei)神非(fei)(fei)人非(fei)(fei)鬼,亦(yi)非(fei)(fei)蠃非(fei)(fei)鱗非(fei)(fei)毛非(fei)(fei)羽非(fei)(fei)昆(kun)。又有四(si)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)混世,不(bu)入(ru)十類(lei)(lei)之(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)。”菩薩(sa)道(dao)(dao):“敢問(wen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)那四(si)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)?”如(ru)來(lai)(lai)(lai)道(dao)(dao):“第(di)一是(shi)(shi)(shi)靈明(ming)(ming)(ming)石猴(hou)(hou)(hou),通(tong)變化,識(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)時,知(zhi)地利(li),移星換斗。第(di)二是(shi)(shi)(shi)赤尻馬猴(hou)(hou)(hou),曉(xiao)陰陽,會人事,善出入(ru),避(bi)死(si)延生。第(di)三是(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)臂猿猴(hou)(hou)(hou),拿日月,縮千(qian)山(shan),辨(bian)(bian)休咎,乾坤摩弄(nong)。第(di)四(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)六耳獼(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou),善聆音,能(neng)(neng)察理,知(zhi)前(qian)后,萬(wan)物(wu)(wu)皆明(ming)(ming)(ming)。此(ci)(ci)四(si)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe),不(bu)入(ru)十類(lei)(lei)之(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong),不(bu)達兩間之(zhi)(zhi)名。我(wo)觀假悟(wu)空乃六耳獼(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye)。此(ci)(ci)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)若立一處(chu),能(neng)(neng)知(zhi)千(qian)里外之(zhi)(zhi)事,凡人說話,亦(yi)能(neng)(neng)知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi),故此(ci)(ci)善聆音,能(neng)(neng)察理,知(zhi)前(qian)后,萬(wan)物(wu)(wu)皆明(ming)(ming)(ming)。與(yu)真悟(wu)空同象同音者(zhe),六耳獼(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye)。”
在網上,對靈明(ming)石猴最大爭論莫過(guo)于(yu)關于(yu)孫悟空是否為靈明(ming)石猴爭論最大。
觀點一:原著《西(xi)游記》對(dui)「靈明(ming)石猴(hou)(hou)(hou)」的(de)描述是(shi)(shi):“通變(bian)化,識天時,知地利(li),移(yi)星換斗" 。雖然(ran),四大(da)靈猴(hou)(hou)(hou)均不在三界之內,但(dan)不代表他們沒有陽壽。而(er)且,全(quan)(quan)書對(dui)另(ling)外三種猴(hou)(hou)(hou)類(lei)用了不少筆墨進行交代,為什么獨(du)獨(du)沒有「靈明(ming)石猴(hou)(hou)(hou)」?筆者認為吳承恩應該不會犯這樣的(de)低級錯(cuo)誤(wu)。首先,《西(xi)游記》全(quan)(quan)篇(pian)花了大(da)量(liang)筆墨描寫(xie)「石猴(hou)(hou)(hou)」孫(sun)(sun)悟空(kong),而(er)對(dui)「靈明(ming)石猴(hou)(hou)(hou)」未作一文(wen)一字(zi)的(de)交代,其次,「靈明(ming)」二字(zi)只是(shi)(shi)形容詞,而(er)「石猴(hou)(hou)(hou)」是(shi)(shi)屬性詞,孫(sun)(sun)悟空(kong)既已(yi)是(shi)(shi)石猴(hou)(hou)(hou),至于「靈不靈明(ming)」,無須多言。
觀(guan)點(dian)二:靈(ling)明石猴四(si)字中最(zui)重要的(de)屬性是什(shen)么?當然(ran)是石猴二字,從石頭蹦出來的(de)猴子。既然(ran)都是石猴,只(zhi)是沒(mei)有(you)提(ti)及(ji)靈(ling)明二字罷了。
觀(guan)點(dian)三:全文(wen)通篇只有孫悟空一個石猴,故(gu)孫悟空是靈明石猴。
觀點一:靈(ling)明(ming)(ming)(ming)石猴(hou)(hou)是(shi)(shi)孫(sun)(sun)悟空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),靈(ling)指(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)地(di)靈(ling)氣(qi),聰明(ming)(ming)(ming),王者之(zhi)氣(qi),明(ming)(ming)(ming)在古(gu)代(dai)指(zhi)(zhi)日月合一,而孫(sun)(sun)悟空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)吸(xi)收(shou)天(tian)(tian)地(di)日月靈(ling)氣(qi),而花果山是(shi)(shi)十(shi)州祖脈(mo),靈(ling)明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)石指(zhi)(zhi)的就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)孫(sun)(sun)悟空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。二天(tian)(tian)產的意思是(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)生地(di)長(chang),靈(ling)明(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)指(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)地(di)日月靈(ling)氣(qi),不(bu)覺得相(xiang)同嗎?而且(qie)陰陽之(zhi)外也(ye)許(xu)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)孫(sun)(sun)悟空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)強(qiang)消生死簿之(zhi)后呢?妖猴(hou)(hou)指(zhi)(zhi)孫(sun)(sun)悟空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)未入仙籍(ji),通也(ye)許(xu)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)通學呢?從孫(sun)(sun)悟空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)敢去水簾洞就(jiu)知道他知天(tian)(tian)時,識地(di)利,指(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)時,識地(di)利指(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)眼而不(bu)是(shi)(shi)火眼金睛。
《西游記》 第三回 四海千山皆拱伏 九幽十類盡除(chu)名
悟空執著(zhu)如意棒(bang),徑(jing)登森羅(luo)殿上,正中間南(nan)面坐下。十王即命掌(zhang)案的判(pan)官(guan)取出(chu)文簿(bu)來查(cha)(cha)。那(nei)判(pan)官(guan)不(bu)敢怠慢,便到(dao)司房里,捧出(chu)五六簿(bu)文書并十類簿(bu)子,逐一(yi)(yi)查(cha)(cha)看。裸蟲(chong)、毛蟲(chong)、羽蟲(chong)、昆蟲(chong)。鱗介之(zhi)屬,俱無(wu)他名. 又看到(dao)猴屬之(zhi)類,原來這猴似人(ren)相,不(bu)入人(ren)名;似裸蟲(chong),不(bu)居國(guo)界;似走獸,不(bu)伏麒(qi)麟管(guan);似飛(fei)禽,不(bu)受鳳凰(huang)轄,另有個簿(bu)子。悟空親(qin)自檢閱,直到(dao)那(nei)魂字一(yi)(yi)千三(san)百五十號上,方注著(zhu)孫(sun)悟空名字,乃天產(chan)石(shi)猴,該壽三(san)百四十二歲......
原著中,十類簿子之外(wai)的猴(hou)屬生死簿記載(zai)為天產石(shi)(shi)猴(hou),而非靈明石(shi)(shi)猴(hou)。
觀點二:
《西游(you)記(ji)》第八回 我佛造(zao)經傳極樂 觀音奉(feng)旨上長安(an)
那三千諸佛、五(wu)百羅(luo)漢、八(ba)金(jin)剛、四菩(pu)薩(sa),合(he)掌近前(qian)禮畢(bi),問曰:“鬧天宮攪(jiao)亂蟠桃者,何(he)也?”如(ru)來道(dao):“那廝乃(nai)花果山產的(de)一(yi)妖猴,罪惡滔天,不可(ke)名(ming)狀,概天神將,俱(ju)莫能降(jiang)伏;雖(sui)二郎捉獲,老(lao)君用火鍛煉,亦莫能傷損。我(wo)(wo)去(qu)時,正在雷將中間(jian),揚威耀武(wu),賣(mai)弄精(jing)神,被我(wo)(wo)止住兵(bing)戈,問他(ta)(ta)來歷(li),他(ta)(ta)言有神通,會(hui)變化(hua),又駕筋斗云,一(yi)去(qu)十萬八(ba)千里(li)。我(wo)(wo)與他(ta)(ta)打了個賭賽,他(ta)(ta)出(chu)不得我(wo)(wo)手,卻將他(ta)(ta)一(yi)把(ba)抓(zhua)住,指化(hua)五(wu)行山,封(feng)壓他(ta)(ta)在那里(li)。玉帝(di)大開金(jin)闕瑤宮,請我(wo)(wo)坐了首席,立安天大會(hui)謝我(wo)(wo),卻方辭(ci)駕而回。”
西游記中(zhong)如來(lai)是認(ren)得混世(shi)四猴的(de),但此處卻只說是一(yi)妖猴。
觀點三:全篇之中并未提到(dao)或者暗(an)示孫悟(wu)空(kong)為靈明石猴(hou),故孫悟(wu)空(kong)當不是靈明石猴(hou)。
觀點四:孫悟空是靈明石(shi)猴(hou)的猜想主(zhu)要起源于現(xian)代網(wang)絡小說(shuo)中(zhong)的洪(hong)荒文類別中(zhong),主(zhu)要是為了小說(shuo)的可讀性(xing)、娛樂性(xing)和寫作性(xing)。
觀點五:原文第三回和第五十八回結合判(pan)斷
1,在第三回中,孫悟空的(de)(de)名字在生死(si)簿上的(de)(de)“猴屬”中魂字一千三百五(wu)十(shi)號(hao),種(zhong)類是“天產石(shi)猴”(而(er)不是靈明石(shi)猴)。
2,在第(di)五(wu)十八(ba)回中,如來介紹周天(tian)(tian)種類,將周天(tian)(tian)種類分(fen)成(cheng)“”天(tian)(tian)地(di)神人鬼(gui)蠃鱗(lin)毛羽昆“十類和不(bu)入十類的”混(hun)世四猴“。
猴(hou)(hou)屬應該是(shi)分在”周天(tian)十類“中還(huan)是(shi)”混(hun)世四猴(hou)(hou)“中?
很(hen)明顯,不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)所有的猴子都(dou)是混世四猴,因此猴屬理應(ying)屬于周(zhou)天(tian)十(shi)類。
這在(zai)第五十八(ba)回同樣有佐(zuo)證,地府(fu)將猴屬劃(hua)分在(zai)”毛蟲文薄。“
那么,既(ji)然猴(hou)屬屬于(yu)周(zhou)天十類,那么猴(hou)屬中(zhong)的(de)(de)孫悟空就不(bu)可能屬于(yu)周(zhou)天十類之外的(de)(de)混世四猴(hou)。
同時(shi)還有(you)第三個證據:
3,在第五十八(ba)回(hui)中,如來稱混世(shi)四猴“不入十類之種(zhong),不達兩間之名”
不入(ru)十類(lei)之(zhi)種上面(mian)已經說過。“不達(da)兩(liang)(liang)間(jian)之(zhi)名”,兩(liang)(liang)間(jian)為陰(yin)(yin)間(jian)和陽間(jian),這句話(hua)說的(de)是(shi),混世四猴在陰(yin)(yin)陽兩(liang)(liang)間(jian)是(shi)查不到(dao)名字(zi)(zi)的(de)。因此,在陰(yin)(yin)間(jian)的(de)生死簿上查到(dao)了名字(zi)(zi)的(de)孫悟(wu)空就更不可能是(shi)靈明石猴了。
觀點六(liu):靈明石猴和(he)天產石猴(孫(sun)悟(wu)空)的屬性(xing)對比:
1,靈(ling)明石猴的先(xian)天(tian)技能:“通(tong)變(bian)化,識(shi)天(tian)時知地利,移星換斗(dou)”。全作(zuo)終(zhong)了,也沒有孫悟空具有這(zhe)三項天(tian)賦的表述,尤其是“通(tong)變(bian)化”一條,悟空的七(qi)十二(er)變(bian)是菩提祖師(shi)所授而非先(xian)天(tian)就會,直接否定了孫悟空是靈(ling)明石猴的可能性(xing)。
2,天(tian)產石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)猴(hou)(hou)(孫悟空)的(de)先天(tian)技能,雙目發光直沖斗(dou)府靈(ling)(ling)(ling),如(ru)(ru)來未說靈(ling)(ling)(ling)明(ming)(ming)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)猴(hou)(hou)有;生(sheng)而知禮 ,如(ru)(ru)來也未說靈(ling)(ling)(ling)明(ming)(ming)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)猴(hou)(hou)有;生(sheng)而識,如(ru)(ru)來未說靈(ling)(ling)(ling)明(ming)(ming)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)猴(hou)(hou)有;能學人言 ,如(ru)(ru)來還未說靈(ling)(ling)(ling)明(ming)(ming)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)猴(hou)(hou)有。這(zhe)也可證(zheng)明(ming)(ming),孫悟空絕非(fei)是靈(ling)(ling)(ling)明(ming)(ming)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)猴(hou)(hou)。
天(tian)產石(shi)(shi)猴(hou)(hou)(孫悟(wu)空)的(de)天(tian)賦(fu)靈明石(shi)(shi)猴(hou)(hou)沒有(you),靈明石(shi)(shi)猴(hou)(hou)的(de)天(tian)賦(fu)天(tian)產石(shi)(shi)猴(hou)(hou)(孫悟(wu)空)沒有(you),因(yin)此靈明石(shi)(shi)猴(hou)(hou)和天(tian)產石(shi)(shi)猴(hou)(hou)不是同一類,孫悟(wu)空也(ye)不是靈明石(shi)(shi)猴(hou)(hou)。