成(cheng)都(dou)(dou)至(zhi)貴(gui)(gui)陽高速(su)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)是我國(guo)西北、西南(nan)至(zhi)華南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)際快速(su)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)新(xin)通道,全長(chang)(chang)515公里,總投資646億(yi)元,沿(yan)線多處于高山(shan)河(he)(he)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)帶,地(di)(di)質情(qing)況差。整條鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)將跨越大(da)(da)(da)渡河(he)(he)、岷(min)江、金沙江三(san)大(da)(da)(da)河(he)(he)流,線路(lu)(lu)(lu)79%為(wei)(wei)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)隧(sui),其(qi)(qi)中正(zheng)線橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)總計365座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。因此,成(cheng)貴(gui)(gui)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)被(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“世界第(di)一(yi)條山(shan)區(qu)(qu)高速(su)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)”。建(jian)成(cheng)后(hou),貴(gui)(gui)陽至(zhi)成(cheng)都(dou)(dou)的(de)(de)(de)火車時間將由現在的(de)(de)(de)12小(xiao)(xiao)時左(zuo)右縮短至(zhi)3小(xiao)(xiao)時。鴨(ya)池河(he)(he)特(te)(te)(te)(te)大(da)(da)(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)為(wei)(wei)成(cheng)貴(gui)(gui)高鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)6座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)重點橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)之一(yi),大(da)(da)(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)全長(chang)(chang)971米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),建(jian)造(zao)(zao)地(di)(di)址構(gou)造(zao)(zao)復(fu)雜,為(wei)(wei)典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)喀(ka)斯特(te)(te)(te)(te)高原(yuan)、峽(xia)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)貌類型(xing)。全長(chang)(chang)971米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)貴(gui)(gui)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)鴨(ya)池河(he)(he)特(te)(te)(te)(te)大(da)(da)(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)肋(lei)采(cai)用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)砼(tong)(tong)結(jie)合拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an),拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)上(shang)部分為(wei)(wei)雙(shuang)柱(zhu)式(shi)框架(jia)墩,主(zhu)(zhu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)單箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)三(san)室(shi)預(yu)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)。拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)開挖深(shen)度44米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),挖方量(liang)7.54萬(wan)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);單個拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)體積為(wei)(wei)2.31萬(wan)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),過渡橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)墩墩身(shen)高度最高為(wei)(wei)67.52米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面至(zhi)水面244米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。全橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)需用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)筋9900噸(dun),鋼(gang)(gang)材12000噸(dun),預(yu)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)鋼(gang)(gang)索780噸(dun)。峽(xia)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(鴨(ya)池河(he)(he)河(he)(he)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu))基(ji)(ji)本為(wei)(wei)陡(dou)峻的(de)(de)(de)斜坡及峭(qiao)壁(bi)地(di)(di)形(xing)(xing),谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)頂高程大(da)(da)(da)致(zhi)在1000~1100米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右,其(qi)(qi)中1100~1000米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)為(wei)(wei)斜坡地(di)(di)形(xing)(xing),為(wei)(wei)寬谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)期地(di)(di)貌。1000米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)高程以(yi)(yi)(yi)下以(yi)(yi)(yi)陡(dou)壁(bi)地(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),為(wei)(wei)峽(xia)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)期地(di)(di)貌,切(qie)深(shen)達(da)170~300米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),河(he)(he)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)狹(xia)窄、岸(an)坡陡(dou)峻,巖(yan)溶形(xing)(xing)態(tai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)巖(yan)溶洞穴為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),兩(liang)岸(an)溶洞及巖(yan)溶地(di)(di)下水具成(cheng)層性分布特(te)(te)(te)(te)點。大(da)(da)(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)全長(chang)(chang)971米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),跨徑布置為(wei)(wei):8×32.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)簡支箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)+(32.7+2×61.75)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi) T構(gou)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)+(1-436)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)中承式(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)-砼(tong)(tong)結(jie)合拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)+(2×61.75+32.7)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi) T構(gou)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)+2×24.7 米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)簡支箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)。主(zhu)(zhu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)為(wei)(wei)(1-436)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)中承式(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)-砼(tong)(tong)結(jie)合拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)肋(lei)采(cai)用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)-砼(tong)(tong)結(jie)合拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an),拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)上(shang)立(li)柱(zhu)采(cai)用(yong)雙(shuang)柱(zhu)式(shi)框架(jia)墩,主(zhu)(zhu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)采(cai)用(yong)單箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)三(san)室(shi)預(yu)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)。主(zhu)(zhu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)整體嵌巖(yan)基(ji)(ji)礎,拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)基(ji)(ji)礎尺寸分別為(wei)(wei)60.0×28.5m×高30.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(成(cheng)都(dou)(dou)側)、50.0×28.5m×高26.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(貴(gui)(gui)陽側)。主(zhu)(zhu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)過渡墩直接支承在拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)基(ji)(ji)礎上(shang),墩身(shen)采(cai)用(yong)薄壁(bi)空心墩,圓端(duan)形(xing)(xing)截面,四向變坡,坡度1:40(橫向)、1:35(縱向),墩身(shen)高度67.526米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。引橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)結(jie)構(gou)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)采(cai)用(yong)(2×61.75+32.7)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)預(yu)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)T構(gou)和32.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、24.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)跨預(yu)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)簡支箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)。如果(guo)只是橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)長(chang)(chang)和跨度,無(wu)論說起來(lai)、聽起來(lai)、看起來(lai),規模都(dou)(dou)算不上(shang)太大(da)(da)(da)。之所以(yi)(yi)(yi)被(bei)冠(guan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)“特(te)(te)(te)(te)大(da)(da)(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)”之名,是因為(wei)(wei)它的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)為(wei)(wei)跨徑436米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)中承式(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)混(hun)(hun)(hun)結(jie)合拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),這種橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)型(xing)和跨度,在中承式(shi)雙(shuang)線鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)中是首例,讓它當之無(wu)愧地(di)(di)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)了成(cheng)貴(gui)(gui)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)全線橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)工程僅有的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)個控制(zhi)性工程之一(yi)。
鴨池河特大橋(qiao)之特,在(zai)于無先例可以參考(kao),難(nan)在(zai)無經驗可以借鑒,難(nan)在(zai)桁(heng)架(jia)提(ti)籃拱(gong)(gong)(gong)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)肋(lei)結構復雜,拱(gong)(gong)(gong)肋(lei)制(zhi)造、拼裝精度要(yao)求(qiu)高,拱(gong)(gong)(gong)肋(lei)外包(bao)混凝(ning)土技(ji)術要(yao)求(qiu)高,線形控制(zhi)難(nan)度大。
由于技術(shu)(shu)(shu)含量太(tai)高(gao),相關部門專門開展了主橋抗風性(xing)能、鋼砼結(jie)合拱(gong)(gong)肋構(gou)造、拱(gong)(gong)座大體積混凝土(tu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)、拱(gong)(gong)肋鋼結(jie)構(gou)預埋件(jian)安(an)裝(zhuang)及定位施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)、大跨大噸位纜索設計及扣(kou)掛(gua)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)、吊(diao)掛(gua)法(fa)現澆拱(gong)(gong)圈(quan)內主梁(liang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)、大跨度(du)拱(gong)(gong)橋吊(diao)桿安(an)裝(zhuang)及張(zhang)拉控(kong)制(zhi)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)等多項專題研究,全方位確保(bao)大橋的順利施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。
鴨池河特大橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)10號(hao)、11號(hao)橋(qiao)(qiao)墩是制約(yue)全橋(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進度的(de)關鍵控制點。為確(que)保全橋(qiao)(qiao)總體工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進度,負責施工(gong)(gong)的(de)中鐵(tie)大橋(qiao)(qiao)局成(cheng)貴鐵(tie)路5標第三(san)項(xiang)目(mu)分部(bu),從今年3月14日開始(shi),組(zu)織了大干100天(tian)暨“六(liu)比六(liu)創”大橋(qiao)(qiao)杯勞(lao)動競賽活動。擬通過(guo)勞(lao)動競賽的(de)形式,全面(mian)調動干部(bu)職工(gong)(gong)的(de)積極性,確(que)保5月25日前完成(cheng)扣塔拼(pin)裝(zhuang),6月25日前完成(cheng)纜塔拼(pin)裝(zhuang)。
據中鐵大橋局施工負(fu)責人(ren)介紹(shao),目前(qian)大橋拱(gong)肋首節定位支架已經(jing)完成,預計5月25日(ri)完成拱(gong)座預留槽及拱(gong)腳混凝土施工,6月17日(ri)前(qian)完成墩身工程。
這是一個不一樣的(de)(de)(de)地方,山(shan)美,水(shui)(shui)美,人更美!山(shan)會讓(rang)(rang)你(ni)(ni)嘆,水(shui)(shui)會讓(rang)(rang)你(ni)(ni)醉,人會讓(rang)(rang)你(ni)(ni)戀!鴨池河(he)的(de)(de)(de)景致(zhi)會讓(rang)(rang)你(ni)(ni)難忘:山(shan)勝似三峽,水(shui)(shui)勝似漓江!在索風營電站上游大約8公里(li)的(de)(de)(de)地方,黔(qian)西縣鐵石(shi)鄉米新寨村(cun)與清(qing)鎮市(shi)暗流鎮沙男村(cun)隔河(he)相望,陡峭的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)勢和深切的(de)(de)(de)峽谷,既為兩(liang)岸帶來(lai)了美麗的(de)(de)(de)風光,也帶來(lai)了諸(zhu)多的(de)(de)(de)不便,比如交通(tong)。
當然,不便都是(shi)過(guo)去的事。現(xian)在(zai),因(yin)為成貴鐵路鴨池河特大橋的存在(zai),這里的風光更加瑰(gui)麗,交(jiao)通狀況也(ye)正在(zai)改變(bian)。
事(shi)實(shi)上,建(jian)設者們燦爛笑容的(de)背后,也(ye)意味著這條拱橋(qiao)的(de)修建(jian)克服了(le)種(zhong)種(zhong)困難。一(yi)座(zuo)承載高速(su)鐵路的(de)山區(qu)拱橋(qiao),鋼拱肋(lei)的(de)架設必須(xu)采用纜(lan)索(suo)(suo)(suo)吊(diao)(diao)機“斜(xie)拉扣(kou)掛”法(fa)施(shi)(shi)工(gong),需要(yao)(yao)一(yi)邊(bian)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)拱橋(qiao)的(de)拱肋(lei),一(yi)邊(bian)建(jian)一(yi)座(zuo)斜(xie)拉橋(qiao)。這種(zhong)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)方法(fa)要(yao)(yao)求纜(lan)索(suo)(suo)(suo)吊(diao)(diao)機必須(xu)足夠大(da)(da),足夠高。“這是我們中鐵大(da)(da)橋(qiao)局為大(da)(da)橋(qiao)建(jian)設自主研發、設計的(de)大(da)(da)型起(qi)重裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備纜(lan)索(suo)(suo)(suo)吊(diao)(diao),目前是我國同類型中最(zui)大(da)(da)規模的(de)橫(heng)移式(shi)纜(lan)索(suo)(suo)(suo)吊(diao)(diao),其單(dan)次(ci)吊(diao)(diao)重最(zui)大(da)(da)單(dan)件吊(diao)(diao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)重量270噸(dun),也(ye)刷新(xin)了(le)國內(nei)同類起(qi)重設備施(shi)(shi)工(gong)紀錄。”施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場相關負責人介紹。
建設的(de)(de)難度和技術(shu)的(de)(de)先進(jin),從另(ling)一組(zu)數據就可以看得出,纜索吊機跨徑460米、吊重240噸,相當于(yu)同時(shi)吊起70頭成(cheng)年大象;吊機塔(ta)架184米,吊機頂距水面(mian)344米,相當于(yu)115層樓高(gao)。拱肋一節(jie)(jie)節(jie)(jie)越架越高(gao),最后高(gao)度距水面(mian)270米。也就是說(shuo),施工面(mian)基本都在300米左右的(de)(de)高(gao)空。
實(shi)際上,這座橋梁創下(xia)的紀(ji)錄遠不(bu)止這些。因為橋址處地質情況(kuang)為典型(xing)的喀斯特高原、峽谷地貌類(lei)型(xing),河道兩岸(an)巖(yan)崖陡(dou)峭,地勢險峻,有部(bu)分(fen)巖(yan)崖與河面夾角甚至達到90度(du)。為了解(jie)決這一(yi)難題(ti),設計方(fang)經(jing)過(guo)科學計算(suan)和反(fan)復論證,創新地提出了中承式空(kong)(kong)腹鋼(gang)(gang)混結合(he)提籃拱橋的橋型(xing)方(fang)案,是世界上首座用(yong)于雙線高速鐵路上的中承式空(kong)(kong)腹鋼(gang)(gang)混結合(he)提籃拱橋。