成(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)至(zhi)貴陽(yang)高(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)是(shi)(shi)我(wo)國西北(bei)、西南(nan)至(zhi)華南(nan)的區際快速(su)(su)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)新通道,全長(chang)515公里,總投資646億元,沿線(xian)多(duo)處于(yu)高(gao)(gao)山河(he)(he)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)(di)帶,地(di)(di)(di)質情況差。整條(tiao)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)將跨(kua)越大(da)(da)渡(du)河(he)(he)、岷江(jiang)、金沙江(jiang)三(san)大(da)(da)河(he)(he)流,線(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)79%為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)橋(qiao)(qiao)隧,其中(zhong)(zhong)正線(xian)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)總計365座(zuo)。因(yin)此(ci),成(cheng)(cheng)貴鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)被(bei)(bei)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“世界第一條(tiao)山區高(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)”。建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)后,貴陽(yang)至(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)的火車(che)時間將由現在(zai)的12小時左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)縮短至(zhi)3小時。鴨(ya)池河(he)(he)特(te)大(da)(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)貴高(gao)(gao)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)6座(zuo)重點橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)之(zhi)一,大(da)(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)全長(chang)971米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),建(jian)(jian)造(zao)地(di)(di)(di)址構(gou)(gou)造(zao)復(fu)雜,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)典型的喀(ka)斯(si)特(te)高(gao)(gao)原、峽谷(gu)(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)(di)貌類型。全長(chang)971米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的成(cheng)(cheng)貴鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)鴨(ya)池河(he)(he)特(te)大(da)(da)橋(qiao)(qiao),拱(gong)(gong)(gong)肋(lei)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)砼結(jie)合(he)(he)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)方案,拱(gong)(gong)(gong)上(shang)(shang)部分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雙柱式(shi)(shi)(shi)框(kuang)架墩(dun)(dun),主(zhu)(zhu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)單箱(xiang)三(san)室預應力(li)(li)混凝(ning)土(tu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。拱(gong)(gong)(gong)座(zuo)開挖深(shen)(shen)度(du)44米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),挖方量7.54萬立(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);單個拱(gong)(gong)(gong)座(zuo)混凝(ning)土(tu)體積(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2.31萬立(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),過渡(du)橋(qiao)(qiao)墩(dun)(dun)墩(dun)(dun)身(shen)(shen)高(gao)(gao)度(du)最高(gao)(gao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)67.52米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),橋(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)(mian)至(zhi)水(shui)面(mian)(mian)244米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。全橋(qiao)(qiao)需用(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)筋9900噸,鋼(gang)(gang)材12000噸,預應力(li)(li)鋼(gang)(gang)索780噸。峽谷(gu)(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)(di)區(鴨(ya)池河(he)(he)河(he)(he)谷(gu)(gu)(gu))基本為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陡峻的斜坡(po)及峭壁地(di)(di)(di)形(xing),谷(gu)(gu)(gu)頂高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)致在(zai)1000~1100米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),其中(zhong)(zhong)1100~1000米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)斜坡(po)地(di)(di)(di)形(xing),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)寬谷(gu)(gu)(gu)期地(di)(di)(di)貌。1000米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)以下以陡壁地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)峽谷(gu)(gu)(gu)期地(di)(di)(di)貌,切深(shen)(shen)達170~300米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),河(he)(he)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)狹窄、岸坡(po)陡峻,巖(yan)(yan)溶(rong)形(xing)態(tai)以巖(yan)(yan)溶(rong)洞穴為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),兩岸溶(rong)洞及巖(yan)(yan)溶(rong)地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)具成(cheng)(cheng)層性分布(bu)(bu)特(te)點。大(da)(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)全長(chang)971米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),跨(kua)徑布(bu)(bu)置為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei):8×32.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)簡(jian)(jian)支(zhi)箱(xiang)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)+(32.7+2×61.75)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi) T構(gou)(gou)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)+(1-436)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)中(zhong)(zhong)承(cheng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)-砼結(jie)合(he)(he)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao)+(2×61.75+32.7)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi) T構(gou)(gou)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)+2×24.7 米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)簡(jian)(jian)支(zhi)箱(xiang)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。主(zhu)(zhu)橋(qiao)(qiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(1-436)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)中(zhong)(zhong)承(cheng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)-砼結(jie)合(he)(he)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao),拱(gong)(gong)(gong)肋(lei)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)-砼結(jie)合(he)(he)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)方案,拱(gong)(gong)(gong)上(shang)(shang)立(li)(li)柱采(cai)用(yong)(yong)雙柱式(shi)(shi)(shi)框(kuang)架墩(dun)(dun),主(zhu)(zhu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)單箱(xiang)三(san)室預應力(li)(li)混凝(ning)土(tu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。主(zhu)(zhu)橋(qiao)(qiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)座(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)整體嵌巖(yan)(yan)基礎,拱(gong)(gong)(gong)座(zuo)基礎尺寸分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)60.0×28.5m×高(gao)(gao)30.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(成(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)側)、50.0×28.5m×高(gao)(gao)26.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(貴陽(yang)側)。主(zhu)(zhu)橋(qiao)(qiao)過渡(du)墩(dun)(dun)直(zhi)接支(zhi)承(cheng)在(zai)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)座(zuo)基礎上(shang)(shang),墩(dun)(dun)身(shen)(shen)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)薄壁空心墩(dun)(dun),圓端(duan)形(xing)截面(mian)(mian),四向變坡(po),坡(po)度(du)1:40(橫向)、1:35(縱向),墩(dun)(dun)身(shen)(shen)高(gao)(gao)度(du)67.526米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。引橋(qiao)(qiao)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(2×61.75+32.7)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)預應力(li)(li)混凝(ning)土(tu)T構(gou)(gou)和32.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、24.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)跨(kua)預應力(li)(li)混凝(ning)土(tu)簡(jian)(jian)支(zhi)箱(xiang)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。如果只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)長(chang)和跨(kua)度(du),無(wu)論說起(qi)(qi)來、聽起(qi)(qi)來、看(kan)起(qi)(qi)來,規模都(dou)算(suan)不上(shang)(shang)太大(da)(da)。之(zhi)所以被(bei)(bei)冠以“特(te)大(da)(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)”之(zhi)名,是(shi)(shi)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)它(ta)(ta)的主(zhu)(zhu)橋(qiao)(qiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)跨(kua)徑436米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的中(zhong)(zhong)承(cheng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)混結(jie)合(he)(he)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao),這種橋(qiao)(qiao)型和跨(kua)度(du),在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)承(cheng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)雙線(xian)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)中(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)首例,讓(rang)它(ta)(ta)當之(zhi)無(wu)愧地(di)(di)(di)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了成(cheng)(cheng)貴鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)全線(xian)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)工程(cheng)(cheng)僅有的兩個控制性工程(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)一。
鴨(ya)池河特大(da)橋(qiao)之特,在(zai)于無先例可以參考,難(nan)(nan)在(zai)無經驗可以借鑒,難(nan)(nan)在(zai)桁(heng)架提籃拱拱肋結構復(fu)雜,拱肋制造、拼裝精度(du)要求高(gao),拱肋外包混凝土(tu)技術(shu)要求高(gao),線形(xing)控制難(nan)(nan)度(du)大(da)。
由于技術含(han)量(liang)太高(gao),相關(guan)部門專門開(kai)展了主橋抗風性能、鋼砼(tong)結合(he)拱肋(lei)構(gou)造、拱座大(da)體積混凝(ning)土施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)技術、拱肋(lei)鋼結構(gou)預埋件(jian)安裝及定位(wei)(wei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)技術、大(da)跨大(da)噸位(wei)(wei)纜索設計及扣掛施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)技術、吊掛法現(xian)澆拱圈內主梁施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)技術、大(da)跨度拱橋吊桿安裝及張拉控制(zhi)技術等多項(xiang)專題研究(jiu),全方位(wei)(wei)確保大(da)橋的順利施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)。
鴨池河特大橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)10號、11號橋(qiao)(qiao)墩是制(zhi)約(yue)全橋(qiao)(qiao)工程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)度的(de)關(guan)鍵控制(zhi)點。為確保(bao)全橋(qiao)(qiao)總體(ti)工程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)度,負(fu)責施工的(de)中鐵大橋(qiao)(qiao)局成(cheng)(cheng)貴鐵路5標第三項目分部(bu),從今年3月14日開始,組織了大干(gan)100天暨“六比六創”大橋(qiao)(qiao)杯勞動(dong)(dong)競(jing)賽(sai)活動(dong)(dong)。擬通過勞動(dong)(dong)競(jing)賽(sai)的(de)形式,全面調動(dong)(dong)干(gan)部(bu)職工的(de)積極性,確保(bao)5月25日前完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)扣塔拼裝,6月25日前完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)纜塔拼裝。
據(ju)中鐵大(da)橋局(ju)施工(gong)負(fu)責人介(jie)紹,目前大(da)橋拱(gong)肋首節定位支(zhi)架已經完成(cheng),預計5月25日(ri)完成(cheng)拱(gong)座(zuo)預留槽(cao)及拱(gong)腳混凝土施工(gong),6月17日(ri)前完成(cheng)墩身工(gong)程。
這是(shi)一個不一樣的(de)地方(fang),山(shan)美(mei),水美(mei),人更美(mei)!山(shan)會讓(rang)你嘆,水會讓(rang)你醉,人會讓(rang)你戀(lian)!鴨池(chi)河的(de)景(jing)致會讓(rang)你難忘:山(shan)勝似(si)三(san)峽,水勝似(si)漓江!在索風(feng)營電站上游(you)大約(yue)8公里的(de)地方(fang),黔西縣鐵石(shi)鄉米新寨村與清鎮(zhen)市暗流(liu)鎮(zhen)沙(sha)男村隔(ge)河相(xiang)望,陡峭的(de)山(shan)勢和(he)深切的(de)峽谷,既為兩岸帶來(lai)(lai)了美(mei)麗的(de)風(feng)光,也帶來(lai)(lai)了諸多的(de)不便,比如(ru)交通。
當然,不(bu)便都(dou)是(shi)過去(qu)的事。現在,因為成貴鐵路鴨池河特大橋的存在,這(zhe)里的風光(guang)更(geng)加瑰(gui)麗,交通狀況也(ye)正在改變。
事實上,建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)者們燦爛笑(xiao)容的(de)(de)背后,也意(yi)味著這條(tiao)拱(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)修建(jian)(jian)克服了種種困難(nan)。一座承載高(gao)速鐵(tie)(tie)路的(de)(de)山區(qu)拱(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao),鋼拱(gong)肋(lei)的(de)(de)架設(she)(she)必須采用纜(lan)索吊(diao)(diao)機“斜拉扣掛(gua)”法(fa)施工,需要(yao)一邊(bian)安(an)裝拱(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)拱(gong)肋(lei),一邊(bian)建(jian)(jian)一座斜拉橋(qiao)(qiao)。這種施工方(fang)法(fa)要(yao)求纜(lan)索吊(diao)(diao)機必須足(zu)夠(gou)(gou)大(da),足(zu)夠(gou)(gou)高(gao)。“這是我們中鐵(tie)(tie)大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)局為大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)自主研(yan)發、設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)大(da)型起(qi)重(zhong)裝備纜(lan)索吊(diao)(diao),目前是我國同類型中最(zui)大(da)規模的(de)(de)橫移式纜(lan)索吊(diao)(diao),其(qi)單(dan)次吊(diao)(diao)重(zhong)最(zui)大(da)單(dan)件(jian)吊(diao)(diao)裝重(zhong)量270噸,也刷新了國內(nei)同類起(qi)重(zhong)設(she)(she)備施工紀錄。”施工現場相關(guan)負(fu)責人介紹。
建設的(de)難度(du)和技術的(de)先進(jin),從另一(yi)組數據就(jiu)可以看得出,纜索吊機(ji)跨徑460米、吊重240噸,相當于同(tong)時吊起70頭(tou)成(cheng)年大象;吊機(ji)塔(ta)架184米,吊機(ji)頂距(ju)水(shui)面(mian)344米,相當于115層樓高。拱肋(lei)一(yi)節(jie)節(jie)越架越高,最后高度(du)距(ju)水(shui)面(mian)270米。也就(jiu)是說(shuo),施工面(mian)基本都(dou)在(zai)300米左右(you)的(de)高空(kong)。
實際上(shang),這(zhe)座(zuo)橋梁創下的紀錄遠不止這(zhe)些。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)橋址處地質情況為(wei)(wei)典型的喀斯特高原(yuan)、峽谷地貌類型,河道(dao)兩(liang)岸巖崖(ya)陡峭,地勢險峻,有部分巖崖(ya)與河面夾角甚至達到90度。為(wei)(wei)了(le)解決這(zhe)一難題,設計方經過科學(xue)計算和反復論(lun)證,創新地提(ti)出了(le)中承式(shi)空腹鋼(gang)混(hun)結合提(ti)籃拱(gong)橋的橋型方案,是世界上(shang)首座(zuo)用(yong)于雙線(xian)高速(su)鐵路(lu)上(shang)的中承式(shi)空腹鋼(gang)混(hun)結合提(ti)籃拱(gong)橋。