紫丁香,中(zhong)藥名。為(wei)木犀(xi)科植物紫丁香SyringaoblataLindl.的(de)葉及樹皮。分布于(yu)東北、華北、西北以至西南(nan)達(da)四(si)川西北部。具有清熱,解(jie)毒,利濕,退(tui)黃之功效(xiao)。用于(yu)急(ji)性瀉痢,黃疸型肝炎(yan),火眼,瘡瘍。
生于山谷溪邊、山坡叢林或(huo)灘地水邊。分布于東北(bei)、華北(bei)、西(xi)北(bei)以至西(xi)南四(si)川西(xi)北(bei)部。
紫(zi)丁香又(you)名:華北紫(zi)丁香,紫(zi)丁白(bai)。灌木(mu)或(huo)(huo)小(xiao)喬(qiao)木(mu),高(gao)可達5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);樹皮灰褐(he)色或(huo)(huo)灰色。小(xiao)枝、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)軸、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗、苞(bao)片(pian)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼、幼(you)葉兩面(mian)以及葉柄均無毛而(er)密(mi)被(bei)腺毛。小(xiao)枝較粗(cu),疏生皮孔。葉片(pian)革質(zhi)或(huo)(huo)厚紙質(zhi),卵(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)腎(shen)形(xing)(xing)(xing),寬常大于長(chang),長(chang)2-14厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬2-15厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)(xian)端短(duan)凸尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)至(zhi)長(chang)漸尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)或(huo)(huo)銳尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),基部(bu)心形(xing)(xing)(xing)、截形(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)近圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),或(huo)(huo)寬楔形(xing)(xing)(xing),上(shang)面(mian)深綠色,下面(mian)淡綠色;萌枝上(shang)葉片(pian)常呈長(chang)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)(xian)端漸尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),基部(bu)截形(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)寬楔形(xing)(xing)(xing);葉柄長(chang)1-3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。圓(yuan)(yuan)錐花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)直立,由側(ce)芽抽生,近球形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)4-16(-20)厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬3-7(-10)厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)0.5-3毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼長(chang)約(yue)3毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),萼齒(chi)漸尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、銳尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)或(huo)(huo)鈍;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠紫(zi)色,長(chang)1.1-2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠管(guan)圓(yuan)(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)0.8-1.7厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),裂片(pian)呈直角開(kai)展,卵(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)倒卵(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)3-6毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬3-5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)(xian)端內彎(wan)略(lve)呈兜狀或(huo)(huo)不內彎(wan);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)藥黃(huang)色,位于距花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠管(guan)喉部(bu)0-4毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處。果倒卵(luan)(luan)狀橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)長(chang)橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)1-1.5(-2)厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬4-8毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)(xian)端長(chang)漸尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),光滑。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)4-5月,果期(qi)6-10月。
1、對心血(xue)管作用。隨著(zhu)血(xue)藥(yao)濃度的增加,心率(lv)逐漸減慢,放(fang)室傳導阻斷,甚至形成室性自搏擊性節律(lv),血(xue)壓逐漸下降,最后發生傳導阻滯,心跳,呼吸停止(zhi)。
2、抗(kang)驚厥作用。
3、抗菌作用。
4、其他作(zuo)用,具(ju)有(you)鎮(zhen)咳作(zuo)用,利膽作(zuo)用。
功效
清熱,解毒,利(li)濕,退黃(huang)。
主治
用于(yu)急性瀉痢(li),黃疸(dan)型(xing)肝炎(yan),火眼,瘡瘍。