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基本介紹

金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)北山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)名(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勝地(di)。位于(yu)浙(zhe)江省(sheng)金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)市境內北部。為金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、赤松(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之合(he)稱。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)層巒疊嶂，清泉(quan)潺(chan)流，洞穴四布，怪石林立，主(zhu)峰海(hai)拔 1300 余米(mi)，最(zui)高峰為大盤(pan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)1314米(mi)，面積約(yue) 2.5 平方公里。金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)又名(ming)長山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、常山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)間雙龍、冰壺、朝(chao)真三洞合(he)稱“金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)洞”，為道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)第三十六小洞天(tian)(tian)(tian)，名(ming)曰“金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)洞元(yuan)洞天(tian)(tian)(tian)”；赤松(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)傳為古仙人赤松(song)子于(yu)此引牧羊少年黃初平修道(dao)(dao)成(cheng)仙之地(di)，故名(ming)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上有金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)觀(guan)、赤松(song)亭、“五洞十景”等自然景觀(guan)及道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)古跡。為浙(zhe)江道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)名(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之一。據清康(kang)熙二十二年（1683年）《金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)府(fu)志》記(ji)載：“黃帝分星次，斗十一度(du)(du)至婺女(nv)七度(du)(du)，曰須女(nv)，又曰星紀(ji)于(yu)辰(chen)在丑”。明一統志金(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)天(tian)(tian)(tian)文牛女(nv)分野。

金(jin)華(hua)東(dong)(dong)鄰(lin)臺州、南(nan)毗(pi)麗水,西(xi)連(lian)衢州，北(bei)接紹興，杭州。境(jing)內的東(dong)(dong)、東(dong)(dong)北(bei)連(lian)大盤山(shan)(shan)、會稽山(shan)(shan)；南(nan)屬仙(xian)霞嶺(ling)；北(bei)、西(xi)北(bei)：接龍門山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈。 仙(xian)霞嶺(ling)山(shan)(shan)脈從閩、贛交界(jie)的武(wu)夷(yi)山(shan)(shan)延伸(shen)入境(jing)，至武(wu)義縣、婺城區南(nan)部和永康市，向東(dong)(dong)北(bei)延續(xu)為大盤山(shan)(shan)和天臺山(shan)(shan)脈。

大盤(pan)山(shan)(shan)是錢(qian)塘江(jiang)、曹(cao)娥江(jiang)、椒江(jiang)和(he)甌(ou)江(jiang)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)支流的源地和(he)分(fen)(fen)水嶺，西南段位于(yu)(yu)磐安、東(dong)(dong)陽(yang)、永康和(he)義(yi)烏(wu)，主(zhu)峰在磐安縣安文鎮東(dong)(dong)南。會稽山(shan)(shan)為天臺山(shan)(shan)支脈，主(zhu)體朝(chao)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)方(fang)向伸展(zhan)，西南段延伸至東(dong)(dong)陽(yang)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)和(he)義(yi)烏(wu)，主(zhu)峰東(dong)(dong)白山(shan)(shan)位于(yu)(yu)東(dong)(dong)陽(yang)、諸暨、嵊州交(jiao)界處。龍門(men)山(shan)(shan)界于(yu)(yu)富春江(jiang)與浦(pu)陽(yang)江(jiang)之間，分(fen)(fen)布在浦(pu)江(jiang)、婺城區和(he)金東(dong)(dong)區北(bei)(bei)部(bu)、蘭(lan)溪及義(yi)烏(wu)，其(qi)余脈金華北(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)呈塊(kuai)狀(zhuang)山(shan)(shan)地。

景點景觀

金(jin)華(hua)北(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，位(wei)(wei)于(yu)(yu)金(jin)華(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)。蜿(wan)蜒起伏，勢如游(you)龍(long)(long)(long)，雄壓(ya)萬峰，左右分支(zhi)回巒，連屏拱(gong)衛(wei)，面南(nan)(nan)，諸峰數重(zhong)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺雙巒對矗，一曰玉壺、一曰金(jin)盆，壺中(zhong)有湖，名(ming)曰徐(xu)公湖。水分兩(liang)派而(er)下，瀉乎(hu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)之陽者(zhe)由山(shan)(shan)(shan)橋(qiao)而(er)達于(yu)(yu)溪；而(er)注于(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)之陰者(zhe)由鹿田(tian)而(er)入于(yu)(yu)洞盆之中(zhong)飛瀑瀉出(chu)，為赤(chi)松澗，即黃初平（大仙）登仙處。整個北(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)周三百六十里，宛如一道(dao)(dao)天然屏障。 北(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)20里設金(jin)華(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)，位(wei)(wei)于(yu)(yu)東(dong)(dong)陽江(jiang)(jiang)、武義江(jiang)(jiang)和金(jin)華(hua)江(jiang)(jiang)交(jiao)匯處。北(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)（玄武、坎位(wei)(wei)）是金(jin)華(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)太祖(zu)少祖(zu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，龍(long)(long)(long)脈所含蘊的(de)精氣凝(ning)重(zhong)，芙蓉(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)收(shou)納(na)精氣，結斂山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢過脈，是強大的(de)靠山(shan)(shan)(shan)；東(dong)(dong)側（青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)、震位(wei)(wei)）的(de)積道(dao)(dao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，為一淺山(shan)(shan)(shan)；西（白虎(hu)、兌位(wei)(wei)）是綿(mian)綿(mian)南(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)延伸，青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)白虎(hu)有侍衛(wei)護持(chi)著；正南(nan)(nan)方（朱雀(que)、離位(wei)(wei)）低矮的(de)淺山(shan)(shan)(shan)為砂，相(xiang)互纏綿(mian)，可謂(wei)托(tuo)多、護多、纏多，為龍(long)(long)(long)神大貴。婺江(jiang)(jiang)由東(dong)(dong)而(er)西，至蘭(lan)溪匯衢(qu)江(jiang)(jiang)而(er)入浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)。該城(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)水、北(bei)(bei)高南(nan)(nan)低、左右有侍衛(wei)，符合把城(cheng)(cheng)郭建在(zai)巨(ju)型“沙發”里的(de)理念，是個不錯的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)郭。

北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)南坡西南側過脈(mo)至芙(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)峰，芙(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)峰騰空駕(jia)云(yun)，高(gao)為潛岳。《方輿記(ji)》云(yun)：“孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)獨秀(xiu)，狀(zhuang)若芙(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)，故名，郡縣來脈(mo)，皆本此山(shan)(shan)(shan)”。芙(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)體(ti)比較尖(jian)(jian)，又俗稱(cheng)(cheng)尖(jian)(jian)峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)，所(suo)以人們就習(xi)慣叫(jiao)尖(jian)(jian)峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)了，而原來的(de)(de)(de)美名慢慢被(bei)遺忘(wang)。芙(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、尖(jian)(jian)峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)同一座山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰，不同的(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)呼，可有不同的(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)最早叫(jiao)“長山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣”東漢初平三年(nian)(nian)(nian)（192年(nian)(nian)(nian)）、“東陽郡”三國吳寶(bao)鼎元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(266)置郡名東陽，隋開皇十八年(nian)(nian)(nian)（597年(nian)(nian)(nian)）改稱(cheng)(cheng)金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。尖(jian)(jian)峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)體(ti)是尖(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)，五行屬(shu)(shu)火(huo)，該火(huo)克著金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)“金(jin)(jin)(jin)”，也許對(dui)金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)有一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)制約。 在(zai)(zai)眾多的(de)(de)(de)典籍中(zhong)，對(dui)金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)謂有：長山(shan)(shan)(shan)、常山(shan)(shan)(shan)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)。在(zai)(zai)綿(mian)綿(mian)北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)中(zhong)還有不同的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)名稱(cheng)(cheng)，如：芙(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、赤松山(shan)(shan)(shan)、煉丹山(shan)(shan)(shan)、乾峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)等(deng)等(deng)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)乃有其小(xiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，在(zai)(zai)今付村鎮之(zhi)北(bei)，過去這里屬(shu)(shu)于金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鄉（包括今付村、源東），金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)畈延稱(cheng)(cheng)至今。稱(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)為金(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)。

歷史沿革

東(dong)漢初平三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)（192）析烏傷(shang)（義烏前身）西(xi)南地(di)(di)置(zhi)長山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，因縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境內長山(shan)(shan)（又名(ming)常山(shan)(shan)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)）（注：公元(yuan)562年(nian)(nian)才置(zhi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)，在此之前注解金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)是欠妥的）得名(ming)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)會稽(ji)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)西(xi)部都尉治(zhi)所；三(san)(san)國吳(wu)寶(bao)鼎元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)（266）分會稽(ji)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)立(li)東(dong)陽(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)，郡(jun)(jun)(jun)治(zhi)長山(shan)(shan)（以(yi)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)在瀫(hu)水（即衢江與蘭江之交的一段(duan)）之東(dong)、長山(shan)(shan)之陽(yang)得名(ming)）；陳天嘉三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)（563）撤(che)縉州(zhou)(zhou)、東(dong)陽(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)改名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)；隋開皇九年(nian)(nian)（589）置(zhi)吳(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)廢(fei)建德(de)、太末、豐安三(san)(san)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)入長安，更名(ming)吳(wu)寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；開皇十二年(nian)(nian)（592）改吳(wu)寧為(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；開皇十三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)（593）設置(zhi)婺州(zhou)(zhou)；開皇十八年(nian)(nian)（598）改東(dong)陽(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；隋大(da)業三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)（607）復(fu)置(zhi)東(dong)陽(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)；唐武(wu)德(de)四年(nian)(nian)（621）復(fu)改東(dong)陽(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)婺州(zhou)(zhou)、析建德(de)、太末地(di)(di)復(fu)置(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、分金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、長山(shan)(shan)兩(liang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；武(wu)德(de)八年(nian)(nian)（625）廢(fei)長山(shan)(shan)入金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；垂拱四年(nian)(nian)（688）改金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；神龍(long)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)（705）復(fu)名(ming)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，沿用到2001年(nian)(nian)。 從郡(jun)(jun)(jun)名(ming)來看自會稽(ji)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)--東(dong)陽(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)—吳(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)—婺州(zhou)(zhou)—東(dong)陽(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)—婺州(zhou)(zhou)--東(dong)陽(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)--婺州(zhou)(zhou)—婺州(zhou)(zhou)武(wu)勝軍(jun)--婺州(zhou)(zhou)保寧軍(jun)--婺州(zhou)(zhou)路(lu)—寧越府—金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)府—浙江省(sheng)—金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)道—浙江省(sheng)—第八縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)行政督察區—第六行政督察區—蘭溪區—四、五、三(san)(san)、八行政督察區--第八行政區—金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)專(zhuan)區—金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)區—金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)專(zhuan)區—金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)地(di)(di)區—金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)華(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)市到至今,易名(ming)27次。

而金(jin)(jin)華(hua)縣(xian)則由：長(chang)山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)—吳寧(ning)縣(xian)—東陽縣(xian)—金(jin)(jin)華(hua)縣(xian)，數易其名(ming)。在(zai)(zai)唐武德四年（621）分金(jin)(jin)華(hua)為(wei)金(jin)(jin)華(hua)、長(chang)山(shan)(shan)兩縣(xian)，那就是(shi)(shi)說，在(zai)(zai)金(jin)(jin)華(hua)同(tong)時(shi)存在(zai)(zai)過(guo)兩個(ge)縣(xian)，必須弄清(qing)楚(chu)兩個(ge)縣(xian)的(de)遺址(zhi)，才能有(you)更確(que)切的(de)表述(shu)。 北山(shan)(shan)因雙龍洞的(de)名(ming)聲在(zai)(zai)外，現在(zai)(zai)是(shi)(shi)AAAA級風景(jing)(jing)名(ming)勝區(qu)(qu)。北山(shan)(shan)頂是(shi)(shi)大(da)盤天(tian)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)，浙中(zhong)涼都所在(zai)(zai)，金(jin)(jin)華(hua)山(shan)(shan)頂盤前(qian)農(nong)家樂(le)有(you)：芳園(yuan)山(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、涼都山(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、美樂(le)山(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、諸葛山(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)等山(shan)(shan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)共二(er)百多個(ge)床位，同(tong)時(shi)可容納400多人用餐，是(shi)(shi)避暑、休閑(xian)、登山(shan)(shan)、聚會(hui)的(de)樂(le)園(yuan)。為(wei)了便于(yu)管理，將(jiang)羅店、新獅兩個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)的(de)部(bu)分村規劃其中(zhong)，因此，我(wo)們(men)(men)把(ba)這里放到最后來普(pu)查。雙龍景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)管委(wei)會(hui)許光(guang)明主任高度重(zhong)視這次文(wen)物普(pu)查工作(zuo)，全方(fang)位的(de)給于(yu)支(zhi)持，并且派出了兩名(ming)精兵強將(jiang)全程陪同(tong)我(wo)們(men)(men)。邢小(xiao)平先生是(shi)(shi)管委(wei)會(hui)的(de)得力干(gan)將(jiang)，馬水根(gen)先生是(shi)(shi)某(mou)藝術館的(de)退休干(gan)部(bu)、北山(shan)(shan)歷史文(wen)化遺存研究專(zhuan)家、《雙龍景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)志》主要參與(yu)者，有(you)他們(men)(men)兩人陪同(tong)，真可謂“老馬識途(tu)”，使我(wo)們(men)(men)的(de)普(pu)查工作(zuo)“一帆風順”。

從出(chu)土文(wen)物來看，早(zao)在(zai)(zai)新(xin)石器時(shi)期，就有人類在(zai)(zai)北(bei)山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)雙龍洞(dong)(dong)內(nei)活動、東(dong)晉葛(ge)洪《神仙(xian)傳》所描述的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)初平，十五歲時(shi)在(zai)(zai)金(jin)華赤(chi)松(song)山(shan)遇仙(xian)人，得道成(cheng)仙(xian)。因他(ta)居于(yu)赤(chi)松(song)山(shan)，所以(yi)人稱赤(chi)松(song)黃(huang)大仙(xian)、雙龍洞(dong)(dong)和朝真洞(dong)(dong)成(cheng)為道教的(de)(de)(de)三十六(liu)洞(dong)(dong)天、歷史上曾經有數位(wei)皇帝在(zai)(zai)此祭天、新(xin)中國(guo)成(cheng)立以(yi)后，有多位(wei)國(guo)家領導人在(zai)(zai)此駐足、歷代文(wen)人騷(sao)客留下了足跡(ji)、一個(ge)個(ge)溶洞(dong)(dong)形成(cheng)了奇(qi)特(te)仙(xian)境，葉圣(sheng)陶先生的(de)(de)(de)《記(ji)金(jin)華的(de)(de)(de)兩個(ge)溶洞(dong)(dong)》拉(la)近了讀者(zhe)與北(bei)山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)距離，最近又發現了還無法(fa)破解的(de)(de)(de)神秘符號。