由于原產地(di)(di)地(di)(di)理分布(bu)的(de)差異,在原產中(zhong)國的(de)松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)中(zhong),樟(zhang)子松(song)(song)(song)、新疆五針松(song)(song)(song)、偃松(song)(song)(song)最耐寒,對(dui)熱(re)量要求最低。紅松(song)(song)(song)對(dui)熱(re)量要求也(ye)較低。赤松(song)(song)(song)、油松(song)(song)(song)、白皮(pi)松(song)(song)(song)、華(hua)山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)、高山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)、黃山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)、巴山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)為暖(nuan)溫帶和亞熱(re)帶高海拔地(di)(di)區樹(shu)種,對(dui)熱(re)量要求中(zhong)等。馬尾松(song)(song)(song)、云南松(song)(song)(song)、喬松(song)(song)(song)和思茅松(song)(song)(song)分布(bu)于更靠南的(de)地(di)(di)區,要求較高的(de)熱(re)量。
南亞松(song)(song)(song)是熱帶松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu),對熱量的(de)(de)要求最(zui)高(gao)。對濕(shi)潤條(tiao)件的(de)(de)要求,五針松(song)(song)(song)一般高(gao)于二針松(song)(song)(song),但也(ye)因種(zhong)而異。例如同為五針松(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)紅松(song)(song)(song)和華山松(song)(song)(song),前者比后者要求更(geng)濕(shi)潤的(de)(de)條(tiao)件;同為二針松(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)赤松(song)(song)(song)和馬尾松(song)(song)(song)對濕(shi)潤狀況的(de)(de)要求高(gao)于油松(song)(song)(song)和云南松(song)(song)(song)。這與地理分布(bu)上(shang)隨經度(du)而發生的(de)(de)替(ti)代現(xian)象有關。
土壤要求
松樹(shu)(shu)本(ben)身適(shi)應(ying)力較強,因而能(neng)夠(gou)在(zai)各種類型(xing)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)生長(chang),但(dan)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)仍(reng)會對松樹(shu)(shu)生長(chang)的態勢(shi)產生直(zhi)接的影響,所以應(ying)盡(jin)量選(xuan)擇肥沃土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)區域種植,才能(neng)夠(gou)保證(zheng)松樹(shu)(shu)的健(jian)康生長(chang)。如(ru)果(guo)是水分相對充足的區域,盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)選(xuan)擇酸性土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)種植松樹(shu)(shu),但(dan)仍(reng)存在(zai)部分品種更適(shi)宜種植在(zai)堿性土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)。
耐陰性
絕大多數松(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)喜歡光照(zhao),其(qi)外形具體表(biao)現在(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠分(fen)布稀疏,自(zi)然(ran)整(zheng)枝能(neng)(neng)力極(ji)強(qiang),所以在(zai)生(sheng)理(li)方面,其(qi)補(bu)償點(dian)就不會與其(qi)他樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)高度相(xiang)同。在(zai)成(cheng)林(lin)過程(cheng)當中(zhong),通常(chang)都會形成(cheng)先鋒(feng)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。一旦原(yuan)始森林(lin)受到外力傷(shang)害(hai),先鋒(feng)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就會迅(xun)速(su)發展,替代(dai)(dai)原(yuan)有樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)位置(zhi),但其(qi)自(zi)身的穩定性并不理(li)想(xiang)。若松(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)能(neng)(neng)夠形成(cheng)特(te)(te)定環境,耐陰性較強(qiang)且長(chang)壽的樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就會替代(dai)(dai),最終使其(qi)喪失自(zi)身獨特(te)(te)優(you)勢。對于松(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)而(er)言(yan),大部分(fen)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都能(neng)(neng)夠互相(xiang)進行(xing)替代(dai)(dai),特(te)(te)別是(shi)耐陰性理(li)想(xiang)的樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),優(you)勢顯著(zhu)。
抗旱性
在(zai)松(song)(song)樹(shu)生(sheng)長(chang)的整個過程中(zhong),其(qi)抗旱性能(neng)極強,受(shou)其(qi)抗旱結構的影響(xiang),這種類(lei)型的松(song)(song)樹(shu),其(qi)葉子狹窄而且角(jiao)質層較(jiao)為(wei)發達,葉片表(biao)面(mian)積與(yu)體積都(dou)相(xiang)對較(jiao)小,而且氣孔通常都(dou)會(hui)出現下陷情況。但是,在(zai)組織(zhi)發育方面(mian)相(xiang)對理(li)想(xiang),站(zhan)在(zai)生(sheng)理(li)角(jiao)度(du)(du)分析,耐寒性與(yu)耐旱性很強,所以并不會(hui)受(shou)到缺(que)水(shui)影響(xiang)而受(shou)到損傷。而站(zhan)在(zai)生(sheng)態角(jiao)度(du)(du)分析,松(song)(song)樹(shu)屬(shu)于最常見的一種旱生(sheng)植物,,即便氣候條件差(cha)異較(jiao)大(da)的區域(yu),同樣能(neng)夠使松(song)(song)樹(shu)健康地生(sheng)存”。絕(jue)大(da)多數(shu)松(song)(song)樹(shu)都(dou)在(zai)干旱條件且土壤稀薄區域(yu)生(sheng)長(chang),其(qi)中(zhong),二(er)針松(song)(song)與(yu)五針松(song)(song)相(xiang)比(bi),其(qi)抗旱能(neng)力更強。由此可見,若(ruo)土壤當(dang)中(zhong)的含(han)水(shui)量(liang)過大(da),會(hui)嚴重影響(xiang)松(song)(song)樹(shu)的正常生(sheng)長(chang)。
生長氣候
松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)的(de)(de)原(yuan)產地分布(bu)具有顯著(zhu)的(de)(de)不同(tong)之處,一(yi)般(ban)情(qing)況下(xia),樟子松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)五(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)等具有極(ji)強(qiang)的(de)(de)耐寒性,所以(yi)在(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)植方面(mian)對(dui)于(yu)熱(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)并不高(gao)(gao)(gao)。而(er)(er)油松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、白皮松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)赤(chi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)等屬于(yu)暖(nuan)溫(wen)帶與(yu)亞熱(re)(re)帶高(gao)(gao)(gao)海拔區域所特有的(de)(de)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong),因而(er)(er)對(dui)于(yu)熱(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)遠遠高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)五(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。馬(ma)尾松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、喬松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)以(yi)及(ji)云南松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)等主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)分布(bu)于(yu)南方區域,其(qi)對(dui)于(yu)熱(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)會(hui)更高(gao)(gao)(gao)-一(yi)些。而(er)(er)南亞松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)在(zai)所有的(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)當中,其(qi)對(dui)于(yu)熱(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)最高(gao)(gao)(gao)。在(zai)濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)條件方面(mian),五(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)和二(er)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)相比,在(zai)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)方面(mian)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)更高(gao)(gao)(gao),但同(tong)樣與(yu)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)存在(zai)緊密的(de)(de)聯(lian)系。雖(sui)然華(hua)山松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)都是(shi)五(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong),但濕(shi)(shi)度(du)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)卻(que)存在(zai)不同(tong)之處,紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)所需濕(shi)(shi)度(du)更高(gao)(gao)(gao)。另外,五(wu)尾松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)赤(chi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)都是(shi)二(er)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song),在(zai)濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)條件方面(mian)的(de)(de)需求(qiu)(qiu)仍(reng)然不同(tong),與(yu)植物(wu)分布(bu)的(de)(de)地理位置也存在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)關聯(lian)。
松樹(shu)較(jiao)幼時的樹(shu)冠呈金字塔形,樹(shu)枝多(duo)呈輪狀(zhuang)著生(sheng)(sheng)。幼苗(miao)出土、子葉(xie)(xie)(xie)展開以后,首(shou)先著生(sheng)(sheng)的為(wei)初生(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)(xie),單生(sheng)(sheng),螺旋狀(zhuang)排(pai)列,線狀(zhuang)披針(zhen)形,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)緣具(ju)齒。初生(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)行使葉(xie)(xie)(xie)的功能1~3年后,才出現針(zhen)葉(xie)(xie)(xie),通(tong)常2、3、5枚成束,著生(sheng)(sheng)于短枝的頂端。每束針(zhen)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)基部有葉(xie)(xie)(xie)鞘,早期脫落或宿存。葉(xie)(xie)(xie)肉組織中(zhong)的樹(shu)脂道的位置在(zai)成年植株比(bi)較(jiao)恒(heng)定,可(ke)分為(wei)外生(sheng)(sheng)、中(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)、內生(sheng)(sheng)3種(zhong)類型(xing)。
松(song)樹針(zhen)葉橫切面中(zhong)可(ke)見1或2個維管束(shu)(shu),特殊環境下可(ke)在雙維管束(shu)(shu)松(song)樹中(zhong)出現維管束(shu)(shu)合并的(de)(de)情況。球花單性(xing),雌(ci)雄同(tong)株。球果多數由種鱗(lin)組成,成熟后木質化(hua)。種鱗(lin)的(de)(de)裸露增(zeng)厚(hou)部(bu)(bu)分稱(cheng)鱗(lin)盾(dun),鱗(lin)盾(dun)先端的(de)(de)瘤狀(zhuang)突起稱(cheng)鱗(lin)臍。有的(de)(de)樹種鱗(lin)臍具(ju)刺,有的(de)(de)無。球果成熟時(shi)種鱗(lin)張開,種子(zi)脫落;但少數樹種種鱗(lin)則長(chang)期(qi)保持關(guan)閉(bi)狀(zhuang)態。每(mei)個種鱗(lin)具(ju)種子(zi)2粒(li),種子(zi)上部(bu)(bu)具(ju)一長(chang)翅,少數具(ju)短翅或無翅。
松(song)(song)樹最明(ming)顯的(de)(de)特征是(shi)葉(xie)(xie)成針(zhen)狀(zhuang),常2針(zhen)、3針(zhen)或(huo)(huo)(huo)5針(zhen)一束(shu)。如油松(song)(song)、馬尾松(song)(song)、黃(huang)山松(song)(song)的(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)2針(zhen)一束(shu),白皮(pi)松(song)(song)的(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)3針(zhen)一束(shu),紅松(song)(song)、華山松(song)(song)、五針(zhen)松(song)(song)的(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)5針(zhen)一束(shu)。松(song)(song)樹為雌(ci)(ci)(ci)雄同(tong)株植物,而且(qie)孢子(zi)葉(xie)(xie)成球果(guo)(guo)(guo)狀(zhuang)排列,形成雌(ci)(ci)(ci)、雄球花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。雌(ci)(ci)(ci)球花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)單(dan)個或(huo)(huo)(huo)2一4個著生于(yu)新枝頂端,雄球花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)多數聚集于(yu)新枝下(xia)部。松(song)(song)樹的(de)(de)球花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)一般于(yu)春(chun)夏季(ji)開放,但花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)傳(chuan)到(dao)雌(ci)(ci)(ci)球花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)上(shang)后,要到(dao)第二年初夏才萌發(fa),使雌(ci)(ci)(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)受(shou)精,發(fa)育成球果(guo)(guo)(guo)(俗稱松(song)(song)塔或(huo)(huo)(huo)松(song)(song)球,不是(shi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi))。球果(guo)(guo)(guo)于(yu)秋(qiu)后成熟(shu),種鱗張(zhang)開,每個種鱗具兩(liang)粒種子(zi)。
松(song)(song)(song)屬植物中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)多數種(zhong)類是(shi)高大挺拔的(de)喬木,而且材(cai)(cai)(cai)質好,不乏(fa)棟梁之材(cai)(cai)(cai)。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)東(dong)北的(de)“木材(cai)(cai)(cai)之王(wang)”——紅松(song)(song)(song)、北美(mei)西部(bu)廣為分布的(de)高大樹種(zhong)(高達(da)75米)—西黃松(song)(song)(song)、原產于美(mei)國(guo)(guo)加(jia)州沿海生長(chang)速度最(zui)快的(de)松(song)(song)(song)樹——輻(fu)射松(song)(song)(song)、原產于美(mei)國(guo)(guo)東(dong)南(nan)部(bu)的(de)濕地松(song)(song)(song)、美(mei)洲加(jia)勒(le)(le)比海地區原產的(de)加(jia)勒(le)(le)比松(song)(song)(song)、廣布于歐(ou)亞大陸西部(bu)和北部(bu)的(de)歐(ou)洲赤(chi)松(song)(song)(song)等(deng)等(deng),都(dou)是(shi)著(zhu)名的(de)用(yong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)樹種(zhong)。
松(song)(song)樹(shu)的觀賞(shang)價值也是(shi)有(you)目共睹的。在中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo),從皇家古(gu)典(dian)園(yuan)林到(dao)現代(dai)居民(min)家中(zhong)(zhong)都能見到(dao)松(song)(song)樹(shu)的倩影(ying),例如(ru)北(bei)京北(bei)海、頤和園(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)的油松(song)(song)、白皮(pi)松(song)(song),樹(shu)樁盆景中(zhong)(zhong)廣(guang)泛使用(yong)的五針松(song)(song)等,一些(xie)名山勝地,更是(shi)山以(yi)松(song)(song)壯勢(shi)、松(song)(song)以(yi)山出(chu)名。黃(huang)山的迎客(ke)松(song)(song)、華山的華山松(song)(song)、長白山的美(mei)人(ren)松(song)(song)……無(wu)(wu)一不(bu)令游(you)人(ren)贊嘆。另外(wai),松(song)(song)樹(shu)的樹(shu)根部位常常會(hui)有(you)大型真菌(jun)生(sheng)長。它們有(you)的是(shi)木腐(fu)菌(jun),可(ke)以(yi)對松(song)(song)樹(shu)進行分解,造成樹(shu)木根腐(fu);有(you)的是(shi)外(wai)生(sheng)菌(jun)根菌(jun),可(ke)以(yi)與松(song)(song)樹(shu)互換營養,防止樹(shu)木營養缺乏,從而導(dao)致影(ying)響生(sheng)長。成熟后高(gao)達45米,胸徑(jing)1.5米;樹(shu)皮(pi)紅褐色,下部灰褐色,裂成不(bu)規則的鱗狀塊片;枝(zhi)平展(zhan)(zhan)或(huo)(huo)斜展(zhan)(zhan),樹(shu)冠寬(kuan)塔形(xing)或(huo)(huo)傘(san)形(xing),枝(zhi)條(tiao)每年生(sheng)長一輪,但在廣(guang)東南部則通常生(sheng)長兩(liang)輪,淡(dan)黃(huang)褐色,無(wu)(wu)白粉,稀有(you)白粉,無(wu)(wu)毛;冬芽卵狀圓柱(zhu)形(xing)或(huo)(huo)圓柱(zhu)形(xing),褐色,頂(ding)端尖,芽鱗邊緣絲狀,先端尖或(huo)(huo)成漸尖的長尖頭,微反(fan)曲。
松樹(shu)的苗(miao)(miao)木繁(fan)育(yu)主(zhu)要采用(yong)種(zhong)子育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)或(huo)者用(yong)枝條進行扦插(cha),此外(wai),另有由我國研究人員創立的直接用(yong)松樹(shu)的針葉(xie)束進行無性系(xi),苗(miao)(miao)木繁(fan)育(yu)的方法(fa),即:針葉(xie)束育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)。
松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)除經濟用途(tu)外,由(you)于其(qi)(qi)樹(shu)(shu)姿雄(xiong)偉、蒼勁(jing),樹(shu)(shu)體高(gao)大、長(chang)壽,還具有(you)重(zhong)要的觀(guan)賞價值。它是中(zhong)國(guo)很多風(feng)景區的重(zhong)要景觀(guan)成(cheng)分。如遼寧千山(shan)(shan)、山(shan)(shan)東泰山(shan)(shan)、江西廬山(shan)(shan)都(dou)以松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)景色而馳名。尤其(qi)(qi)是安徽(hui)的黃山(shan)(shan),松(song)(song)、云、石(shi)號稱(cheng)“三絕”,而以松(song)(song)為(wei)首。各地不(bu)少古(gu)松(song)(song)與中(zhong)國(guo)悠久的歷史文化有(you)密切聯系(xi)。如北京北海團(tuan)城有(you)一(yi)株800年(nian)生的古(gu)松(song)(song),傳說曾被(bei)清(qing)乾隆(long)封(feng)為(wei)“遮陰侯”;泰山(shan)(shan)“五(wu)大夫(fu)松(song)(song)”傳說是秦始皇登(deng)山(shan)(shan)在此避雨而被(bei)封(feng)以官爵的。中(zhong)國(guo)人民把松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)作為(wei)堅定、貞(zhen)潔、長(chang)壽的象征。松(song)(song)、竹、梅世稱(cheng)“歲寒(han)三友”,喻不(bu)畏逆境、戰勝(sheng)困難的堅韌精神(shen)。
按照結構(gou)特征和材性,一般將松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹分為軟木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)和硬木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。軟木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(即單維(wei)管(guan)束亞屬)比(bi)(bi)較輕軟,紋理均勻(yun),強(qiang)度(du)小,加工(gong)容易,早材至晚材漸變(bian),少翅(chi)裂。硬木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(即雙維(wei)管(guan)束亞屬)比(bi)(bi)較重硬,紋理不均勻(yun),強(qiang)度(du)較大(da),加工(gong)較難,早材至晚材急變(bian),松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)脂含量(liang)高(gao)。但屬于軟木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)中的海南(nan)(nan)五針松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)和華南(nan)(nan)五針松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)在強(qiang)度(du)和容重上接近于硬木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹木(mu)(mu)材可供建筑(zhu)、電(dian)桿、枕木(mu)(mu)、礦柱、橋梁、農具、器(qi)具、家(jia)具等(deng)多種用(yong)途。各種松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)木(mu)(mu)的纖維(wei)素(su)含量(liang)約(yue)為50~60%,木(mu)(mu)質素(su)為25~30%,為制(zhi)漿造紙工(gong)業重要的原料(liao)之一。松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹也可用(yong)作(zuo)薪炭材。
從松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹樹干割取(qu)(qu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)脂(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)以(yi)提取(qu)(qu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)香(xiang)和(he)(he)松(song)(song)(song)(song)節(jie)油(you)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹種子富(fu)含蛋白質(zhi)和(he)(he)油(you)脂(zhi)(zhi),含油(you)量都在(zai)30%以(yi)上,其中(zhong)(zhong)具(ju)食用(yong)(yong)價值的(de)(de)(de)有20種,如(ru)產(chan)于中(zhong)(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)有紅(hong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)、偃松(song)(song)(song)(song)、華山松(song)(song)(song)(song)等(deng)。紅(hong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)種子還(huan)可(ke)入藥,藥名“海松(song)(song)(song)(song)子”,是(shi)一種滋養(yang)(yang)強壯劑(ji)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹的(de)(de)(de)樹皮(pi)、種皮(pi)富(fu)含單寧,可(ke)浸水提取(qu)(qu)栲膠(jiao)。樹皮(pi)經粉碎后,與其他原料混合,加壓可(ke)制成(cheng)硬纖維板。此外還(huan)可(ke)從松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹針葉中(zhong)(zhong)提取(qu)(qu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)針揮(hui)發油(you)。針葉中(zhong)(zhong)含有較豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)胡蘿卜素、維生(sheng)素、脂(zhi)(zhi)肪、蛋白質(zhi)以(yi)及鈣、磷等(deng)多(duo)種礦質(zhi)元素,可(ke)加工成(cheng)飼(si)料添加劑(ji),用(yong)(yong)來飼(si)養(yang)(yang)家禽、家畜。利用(yong)(yong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)枝、松(song)(song)(song)(song)根(gen)在(zai)窯內(nei)進(jin)行不完全的(de)(de)(de)燃燒,可(ke)制得(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)煙(見木(mu)材干餾),用(yong)(yong)于制造墨(mo)、油(you)墨(mo)和(he)(he)黑色涂(tu)料。松(song)(song)(song)(song)枝和(he)(he)松(song)(song)(song)(song)根(gen)還(huan)是(shi)培養(yang)(yang)名貴藥材茯(fu)苓的(de)(de)(de)原料。
綜(zong)上所述,松(song)針以其鮮(xian)為人知的驚(jing)人功效和覆(fu)蓋全國的豐富資源(yuan),必(bi)將成保健產業(ye)革命的標志性產品。
馬尾松(song)的葉——松(song)針有(you)極大的藥用價值(zhi),最早(zao)由孫思邈發現,主要是清除人體自(zi)由基,可防暈車,可煨水、泡酒,延年益(yi)壽。
松(song)(song)(song)(song)針(zhen)是松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹藥用的(de)(de)(de)代(dai)表(biao)部位,味苦(ku)、無毒、藥性溫和(he),它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)取物中含有植(zhi)物酵素(su)(su)(su)(su)、植(zhi)物纖(xian)維(wei)、生(sheng)長(chang)激松(song)(song)(song)(song) 針(zhen)素(su)(su)(su)(su)、蛋白質、脂(zhi)肪(fang)和(he) 2 4種(zhong)氨(an)基(ji)酸,松(song)(song)(song)(song) 針(zhen)具(ju) 有降(jiang)血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓的(de)(de)(de)作用。松(song)(song)(song)(song)針(zhen)中含有豐富的(de)(de)(de)β-胡蘿卜素(su)(su)(su)(su)、維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)(su)(su)(su)C、維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)(su)(su)(su)E,這三(san)種(zhong)物質被稱為(wei)抗氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)“金三(san)角(jiao)”,三(san)者共(gong)同保護人(ren)體組織細(xi)(xi)胞免受氧(yang)化(hua)(hua),延長(chang)細(xi)(xi)胞的(de)(de)(de)壽(shou)命。松(song)(song)(song)(song)針(zhen)提(ti)取物前(qian)花(hua)(hua)青(qing)素(su)(su)(su)(su) (PCA)是一種(zhong)能力(li)超強的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)然(ran)抗氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)劑,前(qian)花(hua)(hua)青(qing)素(su)(su)(su)(su)是世界上迄今為(wei)止文獻記(ji)載和(he)實驗室發現(xian)最強的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)然(ran)抗氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(抗衰(shuai)老)物質!它(ta)有優(you)異的(de)(de)(de)清除多種(zhong)有害自由基(ji)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)效,與其(qi)他植(zhi)物抗氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)劑相(xiang)比,前(qian)花(hua)(hua)青(qing)素(su)(su)(su)(su)對超氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)物陰(yin)離子自由基(ji)和(he)羥自由基(ji)的(de)(de)(de)清除能力(li)更勝一籌;松(song)(song)(song)(song)針(zhen)精(jing)油和(he)松(song)(song)(song)(song)針(zhen)黃(huang)酮有獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)水溶性,能和(he)松(song)(song)(song)(song)針(zhen)所含的(de)(de)(de)不飽和(he)脂(zhi)肪(fang)酸透過血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)壁(bi)進入血(xue)(xue)(xue)液:通過增加(jia)膽汁分泌,減少膽固醇(chun)的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)累,通過清除膽固醇(chun),預(yu)防動脈硬化(hua)(hua)、擴張末梢血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)、改善紅細(xi)(xi)胞攜氧(yang)能力(li),促進人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)液循環。人(ren)類心腦血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病的(de)(de)(de)幾大癥(zheng)狀(zhuang):心絞痛、心悸、喘(chuan)息、浮腫、暈眩、呼吸困難,飲用松(song)(song)(song)(song)針(zhen)茶(cha)后,都得到了(le)改善多種(zhong)實驗證明。