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生長與分布

分布范圍

由于原產地地理分布的差異，在原產中(zhong)國的松(song)樹中(zhong)，樟子松(song)、新疆五(wu)針松(song)、偃松(song)最耐(nai)寒，對熱量(liang)(liang)(liang)要求(qiu)(qiu)最低。紅(hong)松(song)對熱量(liang)(liang)(liang)要求(qiu)(qiu)也較低。赤松(song)、油(you)松(song)、白皮松(song)、華山(shan)松(song)、高(gao)山(shan)松(song)、黃(huang)山(shan)松(song)、巴山(shan)松(song)為暖(nuan)溫帶和亞(ya)熱帶高(gao)海拔地區樹種(zhong)，對熱量(liang)(liang)(liang)要求(qiu)(qiu)中(zhong)等。馬(ma)尾松(song)、云南松(song)、喬松(song)和思茅松(song)分布于更靠南的地區，要求(qiu)(qiu)較高(gao)的熱量(liang)(liang)(liang)。

南亞松(song)(song)是熱(re)帶(dai)松(song)(song)樹(shu)，對(dui)熱(re)量的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)最高。對(dui)濕(shi)潤(run)條件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，五(wu)針松(song)(song)一般高于二針松(song)(song)，但也因種(zhong)而(er)異。例如同為(wei)五(wu)針松(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)紅松(song)(song)和華山松(song)(song)，前者(zhe)比后者(zhe)要(yao)求(qiu)更(geng)濕(shi)潤(run)的(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)；同為(wei)二針松(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)赤松(song)(song)和馬尾松(song)(song)對(dui)濕(shi)潤(run)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)高于油松(song)(song)和云南松(song)(song)。這與地理(li)分布上隨經度而(er)發生的(de)(de)(de)替代現象有關。

生長環境

土壤要求

松樹(shu)本身適應力較強，因而能夠在各(ge)種(zhong)類型土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)，但土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)仍(reng)會對松樹(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)的態(tai)勢產生(sheng)(sheng)直接的影(ying)響，所以應盡量選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)肥沃土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)區(qu)域(yu)種(zhong)植(zhi)，才(cai)能夠保證松樹(shu)的健康生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。如果是水(shui)分(fen)相對充(chong)足的區(qu)域(yu)，盡可能選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)酸(suan)性土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)種(zhong)植(zhi)松樹(shu)，但仍(reng)存在部(bu)分(fen)品種(zhong)更適宜(yi)種(zhong)植(zhi)在堿性土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中。

耐陰性

絕大(da)多數松(song)樹喜歡光照，其外形(xing)具體(ti)表現在樹冠分布稀疏，自然整枝(zhi)能力(li)極(ji)強，所以在生理(li)方(fang)面，其補償點就(jiu)不會(hui)(hui)與(yu)其他樹種(zhong)高度相(xiang)同(tong)。在成(cheng)林過程當中，通常都(dou)會(hui)(hui)形(xing)成(cheng)先(xian)鋒樹種(zhong)。一旦(dan)原始森林受到外力(li)傷(shang)害，先(xian)鋒樹種(zhong)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)迅速發展，替代(dai)原有樹種(zhong)位置，但(dan)其自身的(de)穩定(ding)性并(bing)不理(li)想(xiang)。若松(song)樹能夠形(xing)成(cheng)特定(ding)環(huan)境，耐陰(yin)性較強且長壽的(de)樹種(zhong)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)替代(dai)，最終使其喪失(shi)自身獨特優勢。對于松(song)樹樹種(zhong)而言，大(da)部分樹種(zhong)都(dou)能夠互(hu)相(xiang)進行替代(dai)，特別是耐陰(yin)性理(li)想(xiang)的(de)樹種(zhong)，優勢顯著(zhu)。

抗旱性

在松(song)(song)樹生(sheng)長的(de)整個過程中(zhong)，其抗旱(han)性能(neng)(neng)極強(qiang)，受(shou)其抗旱(han)結構的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，這種類(lei)型(xing)的(de)松(song)(song)樹，其葉子(zi)狹窄而(er)且(qie)角(jiao)質(zhi)層較(jiao)為(wei)發(fa)達，葉片(pian)表面積與(yu)體積都相對較(jiao)小，而(er)且(qie)氣孔通常都會(hui)(hui)出現(xian)下陷情況。但(dan)是(shi)，在組織發(fa)育方面相對理想(xiang)，站在生(sheng)理角(jiao)度分析(xi)，耐寒性與(yu)耐旱(han)性很強(qiang)，所以并不會(hui)(hui)受(shou)到(dao)缺水影(ying)響(xiang)而(er)受(shou)到(dao)損(sun)傷。而(er)站在生(sheng)態角(jiao)度分析(xi)，松(song)(song)樹屬于最常見(jian)的(de)一(yi)種旱(han)生(sheng)植物(wu)，，即(ji)便氣候(hou)條件差異較(jiao)大(da)的(de)區域，同樣能(neng)(neng)夠使(shi)松(song)(song)樹健康地生(sheng)存”。絕大(da)多數松(song)(song)樹都在干旱(han)條件且(qie)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)稀薄(bo)區域生(sheng)長，其中(zhong)，二針松(song)(song)與(yu)五針松(song)(song)相比，其抗旱(han)能(neng)(neng)力(li)更強(qiang)。由此可見(jian)，若土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)當中(zhong)的(de)含(han)水量過大(da)，會(hui)(hui)嚴重影(ying)響(xiang)松(song)(song)樹的(de)正(zheng)常生(sheng)長。

生長氣候

松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)原產地(di)分(fen)布具(ju)有(you)(you)顯(xian)著的(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同之處，一般情況(kuang)下，樟子(zi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)五針松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)等具(ju)有(you)(you)極強(qiang)的(de)耐(nai)寒(han)性，所以在(zai)種植方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)對于(yu)熱(re)(re)量要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao)。而(er)油松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、白皮松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)等屬于(yu)暖溫帶與(yu)(yu)亞(ya)熱(re)(re)帶高(gao)海拔區(qu)域(yu)(yu)所特(te)有(you)(you)的(de)樹(shu)(shu)種，因(yin)而(er)對于(yu)熱(re)(re)量的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)遠遠高(gao)于(yu)五針松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。馬尾(wei)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、喬松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)以及云南松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)等主要(yao)(yao)(yao)分(fen)布于(yu)南方(fang)(fang)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)，其對于(yu)熱(re)(re)量要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)會更(geng)高(gao)-一些。而(er)南亞(ya)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)在(zai)所有(you)(you)的(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)種當中，其對于(yu)熱(re)(re)量要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)最高(gao)。在(zai)濕(shi)潤條件方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)，五針松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)和二針松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)相(xiang)比，在(zai)濕(shi)度方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)更(geng)高(gao)，但同樣與(yu)(yu)樹(shu)(shu)種存在(zai)緊密的(de)聯系。雖然(ran)華山松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)都是五針松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)樹(shu)(shu)種，但濕(shi)度要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)卻存在(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同之處，紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)所需濕(shi)度更(geng)高(gao)。另外，五尾(wei)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)都是二針松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)，在(zai)濕(shi)潤條件方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)需求(qiu)仍(reng)然(ran)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同，與(yu)(yu)植物分(fen)布的(de)地(di)理位置也存在(zai)一定的(de)關(guan)聯。

形態及特征

松樹(shu)較(jiao)幼(you)時的(de)樹(shu)冠呈(cheng)金字塔形，樹(shu)枝(zhi)多呈(cheng)輪(lun)狀(zhuang)著生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。幼(you)苗出(chu)土、子葉(xie)展(zhan)開(kai)以后(hou)(hou)，首(shou)先著生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)為初生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)，單生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，螺(luo)旋狀(zhuang)排列(lie)，線狀(zhuang)披針(zhen)形，葉(xie)緣具齒。初生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)行使葉(xie)的(de)功能1～3年后(hou)(hou)，才出(chu)現針(zhen)葉(xie)，通(tong)常(chang)2、3、5枚成(cheng)束，著生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)短枝(zhi)的(de)頂端。每束針(zhen)葉(xie)基部有(you)葉(xie)鞘，早期脫落或宿存。葉(xie)肉組織中的(de)樹(shu)脂道的(de)位置在成(cheng)年植株(zhu)比(bi)較(jiao)恒定，可分為外生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、中生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、內生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)3種(zhong)類型。

松樹針葉橫切面中可見1或(huo)2個維管束(shu)，特殊環境下(xia)可在雙(shuang)維管束(shu)松樹中出現(xian)維管束(shu)合(he)并的(de)(de)情(qing)況。球花單性，雌雄同(tong)株。球果多(duo)數(shu)(shu)由種(zhong)(zhong)鱗組(zu)成，成熟(shu)后木質化。種(zhong)(zhong)鱗的(de)(de)裸露(lu)增厚部分稱鱗盾，鱗盾先端的(de)(de)瘤狀(zhuang)突(tu)起(qi)稱鱗臍。有的(de)(de)樹種(zhong)(zhong)鱗臍具(ju)刺，有的(de)(de)無。球果成熟(shu)時種(zhong)(zhong)鱗張開，種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)脫落；但少(shao)數(shu)(shu)樹種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)鱗則長(chang)期保(bao)持關閉狀(zhuang)態。每個種(zhong)(zhong)鱗具(ju)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)2粒，種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)上部具(ju)一長(chang)翅，少(shao)數(shu)(shu)具(ju)短翅或(huo)無翅。

松(song)(song)樹(shu)最明顯(xian)的(de)(de)特征是葉(xie)(xie)成(cheng)(cheng)針(zhen)(zhen)狀，常(chang)2針(zhen)(zhen)、3針(zhen)(zhen)或5針(zhen)(zhen)一束(shu)。如油松(song)(song)、馬尾松(song)(song)、黃山松(song)(song)的(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)2針(zhen)(zhen)一束(shu)，白皮松(song)(song)的(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)3針(zhen)(zhen)一束(shu)，紅松(song)(song)、華(hua)山松(song)(song)、五(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)的(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)5針(zhen)(zhen)一束(shu)。松(song)(song)樹(shu)為雌(ci)雄同株植物，而且孢(bao)子葉(xie)(xie)成(cheng)(cheng)球(qiu)果狀排列(lie)，形成(cheng)(cheng)雌(ci)、雄球(qiu)花(hua)(hua)。雌(ci)球(qiu)花(hua)(hua)單個(ge)(ge)或2一4個(ge)(ge)著生于(yu)新枝頂端，雄球(qiu)花(hua)(hua)多數聚集于(yu)新枝下部。松(song)(song)樹(shu)的(de)(de)球(qiu)花(hua)(hua)一般(ban)于(yu)春夏季開放，但(dan)花(hua)(hua)粉傳到雌(ci)球(qiu)花(hua)(hua)上后，要到第二(er)年初夏才萌發，使雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)受精，發育(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)球(qiu)果（俗(su)稱松(song)(song)塔(ta)或松(song)(song)球(qiu)，不是果實）。球(qiu)果于(yu)秋后成(cheng)(cheng)熟，種(zhong)鱗張開，每個(ge)(ge)種(zhong)鱗具兩粒種(zhong)子。

松(song)屬植物中的(de)(de)多數種類(lei)是高大(da)挺拔的(de)(de)喬木，而且材質好(hao)，不乏棟梁之(zhi)材。中國(guo)東北(bei)的(de)(de)“木材之(zhi)王”——紅松(song)、北(bei)美西(xi)部廣為(wei)分布(bu)的(de)(de)高大(da)樹種（高達(da)75米(mi)）—西(xi)黃松(song)、原(yuan)產(chan)于(yu)美國(guo)加(jia)州沿(yan)海生長速度最快的(de)(de)松(song)樹——輻射(she)松(song)、原(yuan)產(chan)于(yu)美國(guo)東南部的(de)(de)濕(shi)地(di)松(song)、美洲加(jia)勒(le)比海地(di)區原(yuan)產(chan)的(de)(de)加(jia)勒(le)比松(song)、廣布(bu)于(yu)歐(ou)亞大(da)陸西(xi)部和北(bei)部的(de)(de)歐(ou)洲赤(chi)松(song)等等，都是著名的(de)(de)用材樹種。

松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)賞(shang)價值也(ye)是有(you)(you)目共睹(du)的(de)(de)(de)。在中國，從皇家古典園林到現代居民家中都(dou)能(neng)見到松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)倩(qian)影(ying)，例如北京北海、頤和園中的(de)(de)(de)油松(song)(song)(song)(song)、白皮松(song)(song)(song)(song)，樹(shu)(shu)(shu)樁盆景中廣泛使用的(de)(de)(de)五針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)等，一些名山(shan)勝地，更(geng)是山(shan)以松(song)(song)(song)(song)壯勢(shi)、松(song)(song)(song)(song)以山(shan)出名。黃山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)迎客松(song)(song)(song)(song)、華山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)華山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)、長(chang)白山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)美人松(song)(song)(song)(song)……無一不令游(you)人贊嘆。另外，松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)根部(bu)位常常會(hui)有(you)(you)大型(xing)真菌(jun)(jun)生(sheng)長(chang)。它們有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)是木(mu)腐菌(jun)(jun)，可以對松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)行分解(jie)，造成樹(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu)根腐；有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)是外生(sheng)菌(jun)(jun)根菌(jun)(jun)，可以與松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)互換營養(yang)，防(fang)止(zhi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu)營養(yang)缺乏，從而導致影(ying)響生(sheng)長(chang)。成熟后(hou)高(gao)達45米，胸徑1.5米；樹(shu)(shu)(shu)皮紅褐色，下部(bu)灰褐色，裂成不規則的(de)(de)(de)鱗狀塊(kuai)片；枝(zhi)平展或(huo)斜展，樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠寬塔形或(huo)傘形，枝(zhi)條每年生(sheng)長(chang)一輪(lun)(lun)，但在廣東南部(bu)則通(tong)常生(sheng)長(chang)兩輪(lun)(lun)，淡黃褐色，無白粉，稀(xi)有(you)(you)白粉，無毛；冬(dong)芽(ya)卵狀圓柱(zhu)(zhu)形或(huo)圓柱(zhu)(zhu)形，褐色，頂(ding)端尖(jian)(jian)，芽(ya)鱗邊(bian)緣(yuan)絲狀，先端尖(jian)(jian)或(huo)成漸(jian)尖(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)尖(jian)(jian)頭，微反曲。

繁殖方式

松(song)樹的(de)苗木繁育(yu)(yu)(yu)主要采用種(zhong)子育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗或(huo)者(zhe)用枝條進(jin)(jin)行扦插，此外，另有由(you)我國研(yan)究(jiu)人員創立的(de)直接用松(song)樹的(de)針葉(xie)束進(jin)(jin)行無性系，苗木繁育(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)方法(fa)，即：針葉(xie)束育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗。

價值及其他

觀賞

松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)除經濟(ji)用途外，由于其(qi)樹(shu)(shu)姿雄偉、蒼(cang)勁，樹(shu)(shu)體(ti)高大、長壽，還具有(you)(you)重要的(de)(de)(de)觀賞價值。它是(shi)(shi)中國(guo)很多風(feng)景(jing)(jing)區的(de)(de)(de)重要景(jing)(jing)觀成分。如(ru)遼寧(ning)千山(shan)(shan)、山(shan)(shan)東(dong)泰山(shan)(shan)、江西廬山(shan)(shan)都(dou)以(yi)(yi)松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)景(jing)(jing)色而馳(chi)名(ming)。尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)(shi)安徽(hui)的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)，松(song)(song)(song)、云(yun)、石號(hao)稱(cheng)“三絕”，而以(yi)(yi)松(song)(song)(song)為(wei)(wei)首。各地(di)不少古松(song)(song)(song)與中國(guo)悠久的(de)(de)(de)歷史文化有(you)(you)密切聯(lian)系(xi)。如(ru)北京北海團(tuan)城(cheng)有(you)(you)一株800年生的(de)(de)(de)古松(song)(song)(song)，傳說曾被清乾(qian)隆封為(wei)(wei)“遮陰侯(hou)”；泰山(shan)(shan)“五(wu)大夫松(song)(song)(song)”傳說是(shi)(shi)秦始皇登山(shan)(shan)在此避(bi)雨(yu)而被封以(yi)(yi)官(guan)爵的(de)(de)(de)。中國(guo)人(ren)民把松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)堅定、貞潔、長壽的(de)(de)(de)象征。松(song)(song)(song)、竹、梅(mei)世(shi)稱(cheng)“歲寒三友(you)”，喻(yu)不畏逆(ni)境(jing)、戰勝(sheng)困難的(de)(de)(de)堅韌(ren)精神。

工業

按照結構(gou)特征和(he)材(cai)(cai)(cai)性，一(yi)般(ban)將松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)分為(wei)軟木(mu)(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)和(he)硬木(mu)(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)。軟木(mu)(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)（即單維(wei)管(guan)束亞屬(shu)）比(bi)較(jiao)輕軟，紋(wen)理均勻，強(qiang)(qiang)度小，加(jia)工(gong)容(rong)易，早(zao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)至(zhi)晚材(cai)(cai)(cai)漸變，少翅裂。硬木(mu)(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)（即雙(shuang)維(wei)管(guan)束亞屬(shu)）比(bi)較(jiao)重硬，紋(wen)理不均勻，強(qiang)(qiang)度較(jiao)大，加(jia)工(gong)較(jiao)難，早(zao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)至(zhi)晚材(cai)(cai)(cai)急(ji)變，松(song)(song)(song)脂含量高。但屬(shu)于軟木(mu)(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)中的海南五針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)和(he)華南五針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)在強(qiang)(qiang)度和(he)容(rong)重上接近于硬木(mu)(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)。松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)可供建(jian)筑、電桿、枕木(mu)(mu)(mu)、礦柱(zhu)、橋梁、農具、器(qi)具、家具等多種用(yong)途。各種松(song)(song)(song)木(mu)(mu)(mu)的纖維(wei)素(su)含量約為(wei)50～60%，木(mu)(mu)(mu)質素(su)為(wei)25～30%，為(wei)制(zhi)漿造(zao)紙工(gong)業(ye)重要的原料之一(yi)。松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)也可用(yong)作薪炭材(cai)(cai)(cai)。

從(cong)松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)干割(ge)取(qu)松(song)(song)脂可(ke)以提取(qu)松(song)(song)香和(he)松(song)(song)節(jie)油。松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)種子(zi)富(fu)含(han)蛋(dan)白質(zhi)和(he)油脂，含(han)油量(liang)都在30%以上，其中具食用價(jia)值的(de)有(you)(you)20種，如產于(yu)中國的(de)有(you)(you)紅松(song)(song)、偃松(song)(song)、華山松(song)(song)等。紅松(song)(song)的(de)種子(zi)還(huan)可(ke)入藥(yao)，藥(yao)名(ming)(ming)“海松(song)(song)子(zi)”，是一種滋養(yang)強壯劑(ji)。松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)樹(shu)(shu)皮、種皮富(fu)含(han)單(dan)寧，可(ke)浸(jin)水提取(qu)栲膠。樹(shu)(shu)皮經粉碎后，與(yu)其他原料(liao)(liao)混合，加(jia)(jia)壓可(ke)制成硬纖(xian)維(wei)板。此外(wai)還(huan)可(ke)從(cong)松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)針葉中提取(qu)松(song)(song)針揮發油。針葉中含(han)有(you)(you)較(jiao)豐富(fu)的(de)胡蘿卜素(su)、維(wei)生素(su)、脂肪、蛋(dan)白質(zhi)以及鈣、磷等多種礦質(zhi)元素(su)，可(ke)加(jia)(jia)工成飼料(liao)(liao)添加(jia)(jia)劑(ji)，用來飼養(yang)家禽、家畜(chu)。利(li)用松(song)(song)枝、松(song)(song)根在窯內(nei)進行不完全(quan)的(de)燃燒，可(ke)制得(de)松(song)(song)煙（見(jian)木材(cai)干餾），用于(yu)制造墨(mo)、油墨(mo)和(he)黑(hei)色涂料(liao)(liao)。松(song)(song)枝和(he)松(song)(song)根還(huan)是培養(yang)名(ming)(ming)貴藥(yao)材(cai)茯苓的(de)原料(liao)(liao)。

綜上所述，松針以其鮮為人知的驚人功效和覆蓋全國的豐(feng)富(fu)資源(yuan)，必將(jiang)成(cheng)保健產業革(ge)命的標志性產品。

馬尾松的葉——松針(zhen)有極(ji)大(da)的藥用(yong)價值，最早由(you)孫思(si)邈發現，主要(yao)是清除人(ren)體自由(you)基，可防暈車，可煨水(shui)、泡酒，延(yan)年益壽。

藥用

松針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)是松樹藥(yao)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)表部位，味苦、無(wu)毒、藥(yao)性(xing)溫和(he)(he)，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提取物(wu)中(zhong)含有(you)植物(wu)酵素(su)(su)、植物(wu)纖維(wei)、生(sheng)長(chang)激(ji)松 針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)素(su)(su)、蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)、脂肪和(he)(he) 2 4種(zhong)氨基(ji)(ji)酸(suan)，松 針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)具(ju) 有(you)降血(xue)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。松針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)中(zhong)含有(you)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)β-胡蘿卜素(su)(su)、維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)(su)C、維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)(su)E，這三(san)種(zhong)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)被稱為抗氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“金(jin)三(san)角”，三(san)者(zhe)共同保護(hu)人(ren)體組織細(xi)胞免受氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)，延長(chang)細(xi)胞的(de)(de)(de)(de)壽(shou)命。松針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)提取物(wu)前(qian)花青(qing)素(su)(su) (PCA)是一種(zhong)能(neng)力(li)(li)超強的(de)(de)(de)(de)天然抗氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)劑，前(qian)花青(qing)素(su)(su)是世界(jie)上迄今為止(zhi)文獻記載(zai)和(he)(he)實(shi)驗(yan)室發現最強的(de)(de)(de)(de)天然抗氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(抗衰老(lao))物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)!它(ta)有(you)優異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)除多(duo)種(zhong)有(you)害自(zi)由基(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)效，與其(qi)他植物(wu)抗氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)劑相比，前(qian)花青(qing)素(su)(su)對超氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)物(wu)陰離(li)子自(zi)由基(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)羥自(zi)由基(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)除能(neng)力(li)(li)更勝一籌；松針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)精(jing)油和(he)(he)松針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)黃酮(tong)有(you)獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)水溶性(xing)，能(neng)和(he)(he)松針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)所含的(de)(de)(de)(de)不飽和(he)(he)脂肪酸(suan)透過血(xue)管壁進(jin)入血(xue)液(ye)：通(tong)過增加膽(dan)汁(zhi)分泌，減少膽(dan)固醇的(de)(de)(de)(de)積累，通(tong)過清(qing)除膽(dan)固醇，預防動脈(mo)硬化(hua)(hua)、擴張末(mo)梢血(xue)管、改善紅細(xi)胞攜氧(yang)能(neng)力(li)(li)，促進(jin)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)血(xue)液(ye)循環。人(ren)類心(xin)(xin)腦血(xue)管疾病(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾大(da)癥狀：心(xin)(xin)絞痛、心(xin)(xin)悸、喘息、浮腫(zhong)、暈眩、呼吸困(kun)難(nan)，飲用(yong)松針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)茶后，都得到了改善多(duo)種(zhong)實(shi)驗(yan)證明。