由于(yu)原產地(di)(di)地(di)(di)理分布的差異,在原產中國的松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹中,樟子松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、新疆五針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、偃松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)最耐寒,對熱量(liang)要(yao)求(qiu)最低。紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)對熱量(liang)要(yao)求(qiu)也較低。赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、油松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、白皮松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、華(hua)山松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、高(gao)(gao)山松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、黃山松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、巴山松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)為(wei)暖(nuan)溫帶和(he)亞熱帶高(gao)(gao)海拔地(di)(di)區(qu)樹種,對熱量(liang)要(yao)求(qiu)中等。馬(ma)尾松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、云南松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、喬松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)和(he)思茅(mao)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)分布于(yu)更靠南的地(di)(di)區(qu),要(yao)求(qiu)較高(gao)(gao)的熱量(liang)。
南亞松(song)(song)(song)(song)是熱帶松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹,對熱量的(de)要求最高(gao)。對濕潤條(tiao)件的(de)要求,五針松(song)(song)(song)(song)一般高(gao)于二針松(song)(song)(song)(song),但也因種而異。例如同為(wei)五針松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)和華山松(song)(song)(song)(song),前者(zhe)比后(hou)者(zhe)要求更(geng)濕潤的(de)條(tiao)件;同為(wei)二針松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)和馬尾松(song)(song)(song)(song)對濕潤狀況的(de)要求高(gao)于油松(song)(song)(song)(song)和云南松(song)(song)(song)(song)。這(zhe)與地理分(fen)布(bu)上隨經度而發生的(de)替代現象有關。
土壤要求
松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)本(ben)身(shen)適(shi)應力(li)較(jiao)強,因而能夠在(zai)各種(zhong)類型(xing)土(tu)(tu)壤中(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)長,但土(tu)(tu)壤仍(reng)會(hui)對松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)態(tai)勢產生(sheng)(sheng)直接的(de)影響,所(suo)以應盡量選擇肥(fei)沃土(tu)(tu)壤區域(yu)種(zhong)植(zhi),才能夠保(bao)證松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)的(de)健康(kang)生(sheng)(sheng)長。如(ru)果(guo)是水分相對充足的(de)區域(yu),盡可能選擇酸性土(tu)(tu)壤種(zhong)植(zhi)松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu),但仍(reng)存在(zai)部分品種(zhong)更適(shi)宜種(zhong)植(zhi)在(zai)堿性土(tu)(tu)壤中(zhong)。
耐陰性
絕大多數松樹(shu)(shu)(shu)喜歡光照,其(qi)外(wai)形具體表現在(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠分布稀疏,自(zi)然整(zheng)枝能力(li)(li)極強,所以在(zai)(zai)生理(li)方(fang)面(mian),其(qi)補償點就(jiu)不會(hui)(hui)與其(qi)他樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)高度相同。在(zai)(zai)成(cheng)林(lin)過程當中,通常都會(hui)(hui)形成(cheng)先(xian)(xian)鋒樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)。一旦原始森(sen)林(lin)受(shou)到外(wai)力(li)(li)傷害,先(xian)(xian)鋒樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)迅(xun)速發展,替代(dai)原有樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)位置,但其(qi)自(zi)身(shen)的(de)穩定(ding)性(xing)并(bing)不理(li)想(xiang)。若松樹(shu)(shu)(shu)能夠形成(cheng)特(te)定(ding)環境,耐陰(yin)性(xing)較強且長壽的(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)替代(dai),最終(zhong)使其(qi)喪失自(zi)身(shen)獨特(te)優(you)勢(shi)。對于松樹(shu)(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)而(er)言(yan),大部分樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)都能夠互相進行替代(dai),特(te)別是耐陰(yin)性(xing)理(li)想(xiang)的(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong),優(you)勢(shi)顯(xian)著。
抗旱性
在(zai)松(song)樹(shu)(shu)生(sheng)長的(de)整(zheng)個(ge)過(guo)程中,其抗(kang)(kang)旱(han)性(xing)能極強,受(shou)(shou)其抗(kang)(kang)旱(han)結構的(de)影(ying)響(xiang),這(zhe)種(zhong)類型(xing)的(de)松(song)樹(shu)(shu),其葉(xie)子狹窄而(er)且(qie)角質層較為發(fa)達,葉(xie)片(pian)表面積(ji)與體積(ji)都相(xiang)對較小,而(er)且(qie)氣孔通(tong)常(chang)都會(hui)出現下(xia)陷(xian)情況。但是,在(zai)組(zu)織發(fa)育方面相(xiang)對理(li)想,站在(zai)生(sheng)理(li)角度分析(xi),耐寒性(xing)與耐旱(han)性(xing)很強,所(suo)以并不會(hui)受(shou)(shou)到缺水影(ying)響(xiang)而(er)受(shou)(shou)到損傷(shang)。而(er)站在(zai)生(sheng)態角度分析(xi),松(song)樹(shu)(shu)屬于最(zui)常(chang)見的(de)一種(zhong)旱(han)生(sheng)植物,,即便氣候條件(jian)差異(yi)較大(da)的(de)區(qu)(qu)域,同樣(yang)能夠使松(song)樹(shu)(shu)健康地生(sheng)存”。絕(jue)大(da)多數松(song)樹(shu)(shu)都在(zai)干旱(han)條件(jian)且(qie)土(tu)壤(rang)稀薄區(qu)(qu)域生(sheng)長,其中,二針松(song)與五針松(song)相(xiang)比,其抗(kang)(kang)旱(han)能力更強。由此(ci)可見,若土(tu)壤(rang)當中的(de)含水量過(guo)大(da),會(hui)嚴重影(ying)響(xiang)松(song)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)正常(chang)生(sheng)長。
生長氣候
松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹的(de)(de)原產地(di)分布(bu)具有顯(xian)著的(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)之處,一般(ban)情況(kuang)下,樟子松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)五針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)等具有極強(qiang)的(de)(de)耐(nai)寒性,所(suo)(suo)以在(zai)(zai)(zai)種(zhong)植(zhi)方面對(dui)于熱(re)量要(yao)(yao)求并不(bu)高(gao)。而油松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、白(bai)皮松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)等屬于暖溫帶(dai)(dai)與(yu)(yu)亞熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)高(gao)海拔區域(yu)(yu)所(suo)(suo)特(te)有的(de)(de)樹種(zhong),因而對(dui)于熱(re)量的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求要(yao)(yao)遠(yuan)遠(yuan)高(gao)于五針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。馬尾松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、喬松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)以及云(yun)南松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)等主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)分布(bu)于南方區域(yu)(yu),其對(dui)于熱(re)量要(yao)(yao)求會更(geng)高(gao)-一些(xie)。而南亞松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)在(zai)(zai)(zai)所(suo)(suo)有的(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹樹種(zhong)當中,其對(dui)于熱(re)量要(yao)(yao)求最高(gao)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)濕(shi)潤條件方面,五針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)和二針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)相比(bi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)濕(shi)度(du)方面的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求更(geng)高(gao),但同(tong)(tong)樣與(yu)(yu)樹種(zhong)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)緊密的(de)(de)聯(lian)系。雖然(ran)華山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)都(dou)是(shi)五針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)樹種(zhong),但濕(shi)度(du)要(yao)(yao)求卻存在(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)之處,紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)所(suo)(suo)需濕(shi)度(du)更(geng)高(gao)。另外,五尾松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)都(dou)是(shi)二針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song),在(zai)(zai)(zai)濕(shi)潤條件方面的(de)(de)需求仍然(ran)不(bu)同(tong)(tong),與(yu)(yu)植(zhi)物分布(bu)的(de)(de)地(di)理位(wei)置也(ye)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)一定的(de)(de)關聯(lian)。
松樹(shu)較幼時(shi)的樹(shu)冠呈金(jin)字塔形(xing),樹(shu)枝多呈輪(lun)狀著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)。幼苗出土、子葉(xie)(xie)展開以后(hou),首先著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)的為(wei)初生(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)(xie),單生(sheng)(sheng),螺(luo)旋狀排列,線狀披針(zhen)形(xing),葉(xie)(xie)緣具齒。初生(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)行使葉(xie)(xie)的功能1~3年后(hou),才出現針(zhen)葉(xie)(xie),通(tong)常2、3、5枚成(cheng)束,著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)于短枝的頂端。每束針(zhen)葉(xie)(xie)基部有葉(xie)(xie)鞘(qiao),早期脫落或宿存。葉(xie)(xie)肉(rou)組織中的樹(shu)脂道的位(wei)置在(zai)成(cheng)年植株(zhu)比較恒定,可分為(wei)外生(sheng)(sheng)、中生(sheng)(sheng)、內生(sheng)(sheng)3種類(lei)型(xing)。
松樹(shu)針葉(xie)橫(heng)切面中可見1或2個維(wei)(wei)管(guan)束,特殊環境(jing)下可在雙維(wei)(wei)管(guan)束松樹(shu)中出現維(wei)(wei)管(guan)束合并的(de)情況(kuang)。球花單性,雌雄同株。球果(guo)(guo)多(duo)數(shu)(shu)由種(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)組成,成熟后木質(zhi)化(hua)。種(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)裸露增厚部(bu)分(fen)稱鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)盾(dun),鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)盾(dun)先端的(de)瘤狀(zhuang)突起(qi)稱鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)臍。有(you)的(de)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)臍具(ju)刺,有(you)的(de)無。球果(guo)(guo)成熟時(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)張開,種(zhong)(zhong)子脫落;但少數(shu)(shu)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)則長(chang)(chang)期保持關閉狀(zhuang)態。每個種(zhong)(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)(lin)具(ju)種(zhong)(zhong)子2粒(li),種(zhong)(zhong)子上(shang)部(bu)具(ju)一長(chang)(chang)翅(chi),少數(shu)(shu)具(ju)短翅(chi)或無翅(chi)。
松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)最(zui)明顯(xian)的特征(zheng)是(shi)葉(xie)(xie)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)針(zhen)狀,常2針(zhen)、3針(zhen)或5針(zhen)一束(shu)。如(ru)油(you)松(song)(song)(song)、馬尾(wei)松(song)(song)(song)、黃(huang)山松(song)(song)(song)的葉(xie)(xie)2針(zhen)一束(shu),白皮松(song)(song)(song)的葉(xie)(xie)3針(zhen)一束(shu),紅(hong)松(song)(song)(song)、華山松(song)(song)(song)、五(wu)針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)的葉(xie)(xie)5針(zhen)一束(shu)。松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)為雌(ci)雄(xiong)同(tong)株植物,而(er)且孢子葉(xie)(xie)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)果(guo)(guo)狀排列(lie),形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)雌(ci)、雄(xiong)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。雌(ci)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)單個或2一4個著(zhu)生于(yu)(yu)新(xin)枝頂端,雄(xiong)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)多數聚集于(yu)(yu)新(xin)枝下部。松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)的球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)一般于(yu)(yu)春(chun)夏(xia)季開(kai)(kai)放,但花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)傳到雌(ci)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)上后,要到第(di)二(er)年初(chu)夏(xia)才萌發,使雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)受精,發育成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)果(guo)(guo)(俗稱松(song)(song)(song)塔或松(song)(song)(song)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),不是(shi)果(guo)(guo)實)。球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)果(guo)(guo)于(yu)(yu)秋后成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟,種(zhong)鱗張(zhang)開(kai)(kai),每個種(zhong)鱗具(ju)兩粒種(zhong)子。
松(song)(song)屬植(zhi)物中(zhong)的(de)多數種(zhong)(zhong)類是(shi)高大挺拔的(de)喬木,而且材質(zhi)好(hao),不乏棟梁(liang)之材。中(zhong)國東北的(de)“木材之王”——紅松(song)(song)、北美西部廣(guang)為分布的(de)高大樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(高達75米)—西黃松(song)(song)、原產(chan)于(yu)美國加(jia)(jia)州沿(yan)海(hai)生(sheng)長(chang)速度最快的(de)松(song)(song)樹(shu)——輻射松(song)(song)、原產(chan)于(yu)美國東南部的(de)濕地(di)松(song)(song)、美洲加(jia)(jia)勒比海(hai)地(di)區原產(chan)的(de)加(jia)(jia)勒比松(song)(song)、廣(guang)布于(yu)歐亞大陸西部和北部的(de)歐洲赤松(song)(song)等等,都是(shi)著名的(de)用材樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)。
松(song)(song)樹(shu)的(de)觀賞價值也是(shi)有目(mu)共睹(du)的(de)。在(zai)中國,從皇家古典(dian)園林到現代(dai)居民(min)家中都(dou)能見到松(song)(song)樹(shu)的(de)倩(qian)影(ying),例如北京北海、頤和(he)園中的(de)油(you)松(song)(song)、白(bai)(bai)皮松(song)(song),樹(shu)樁(zhuang)盆景中廣(guang)泛(fan)使用的(de)五針松(song)(song)等,一些名山(shan)(shan)(shan)勝地,更是(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)以(yi)(yi)松(song)(song)壯勢、松(song)(song)以(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)出名。黃山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)迎客松(song)(song)、華山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)華山(shan)(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)、長(chang)白(bai)(bai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)美(mei)人松(song)(song)……無一不(bu)令游人贊嘆。另外,松(song)(song)樹(shu)的(de)樹(shu)根(gen)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)常常會(hui)有大型真菌(jun)(jun)(jun)生長(chang)。它(ta)們有的(de)是(shi)木(mu)腐(fu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun),可以(yi)(yi)對(dui)松(song)(song)樹(shu)進(jin)行(xing)分解,造成(cheng)(cheng)樹(shu)木(mu)根(gen)腐(fu);有的(de)是(shi)外生菌(jun)(jun)(jun)根(gen)菌(jun)(jun)(jun),可以(yi)(yi)與松(song)(song)樹(shu)互(hu)換營(ying)養(yang)(yang),防止樹(shu)木(mu)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)缺乏,從而導致(zhi)影(ying)響生長(chang)。成(cheng)(cheng)熟后高達45米,胸徑1.5米;樹(shu)皮紅褐色(se),下部(bu)(bu)灰褐色(se),裂成(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)規則的(de)鱗狀(zhuang)(zhuang)塊片;枝(zhi)平展或斜(xie)展,樹(shu)冠寬塔形或傘形,枝(zhi)條(tiao)每年生長(chang)一輪,但(dan)在(zai)廣(guang)東南部(bu)(bu)則通常生長(chang)兩(liang)輪,淡黃褐色(se),無白(bai)(bai)粉(fen),稀有白(bai)(bai)粉(fen),無毛(mao);冬(dong)芽卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)圓柱形或圓柱形,褐色(se),頂端(duan)尖(jian),芽鱗邊緣絲狀(zhuang)(zhuang),先端(duan)尖(jian)或成(cheng)(cheng)漸(jian)尖(jian)的(de)長(chang)尖(jian)頭,微反曲。
松樹的苗(miao)木繁育(yu)主要采用(yong)種子(zi)育(yu)苗(miao)或者用(yong)枝條(tiao)進行扦插,此外(wai),另有由我(wo)國研(yan)究(jiu)人員創立的直接用(yong)松樹的針葉束進行無性系,苗(miao)木繁育(yu)的方法(fa),即:針葉束育(yu)苗(miao)。
松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)除經濟用途外,由于其(qi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)姿(zi)雄偉、蒼勁(jing),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)體高大(da)、長壽,還具(ju)有(you)重要的(de)(de)(de)觀賞價值(zhi)。它是中國很多(duo)風景(jing)區的(de)(de)(de)重要景(jing)觀成分。如遼(liao)寧千山(shan)(shan)、山(shan)(shan)東泰(tai)山(shan)(shan)、江西廬山(shan)(shan)都以松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)景(jing)色而(er)馳(chi)名。尤(you)其(qi)是安徽的(de)(de)(de)黃山(shan)(shan),松(song)(song)(song)、云、石號稱“三絕”,而(er)以松(song)(song)(song)為首。各地不(bu)少(shao)古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)(song)與中國悠久的(de)(de)(de)歷史文化有(you)密切聯系。如北京北海團城(cheng)有(you)一株800年(nian)生的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)(song),傳說曾(ceng)被清乾隆封為“遮陰侯(hou)”;泰(tai)山(shan)(shan)“五大(da)夫松(song)(song)(song)”傳說是秦始皇登山(shan)(shan)在(zai)此避雨而(er)被封以官爵的(de)(de)(de)。中國人民把(ba)松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)作(zuo)為堅(jian)定、貞潔、長壽的(de)(de)(de)象征。松(song)(song)(song)、竹、梅世稱“歲寒三友(you)”,喻(yu)不(bu)畏逆境、戰勝(sheng)困難的(de)(de)(de)堅(jian)韌精(jing)神(shen)。
按照結(jie)構特征和(he)(he)(he)材(cai)性,一般將(jiang)松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹分為軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)和(he)(he)(he)硬(ying)(ying)木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)。軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(即(ji)單(dan)維(wei)管束(shu)(shu)亞(ya)屬(shu))比(bi)較輕軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan),紋理均勻(yun),強度小,加(jia)工(gong)容(rong)易,早(zao)材(cai)至晚材(cai)漸變(bian),少(shao)翅裂(lie)。硬(ying)(ying)木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(即(ji)雙維(wei)管束(shu)(shu)亞(ya)屬(shu))比(bi)較重(zhong)硬(ying)(ying),紋理不均勻(yun),強度較大,加(jia)工(gong)較難(nan),早(zao)材(cai)至晚材(cai)急變(bian),松(song)(song)(song)(song)脂含(han)量高(gao)。但屬(shu)于軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)中的(de)(de)海南五針松(song)(song)(song)(song)和(he)(he)(he)華南五針松(song)(song)(song)(song)在強度和(he)(he)(he)容(rong)重(zhong)上接近于硬(ying)(ying)木(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹木(mu)(mu)材(cai)可供建筑(zhu)、電桿、枕木(mu)(mu)、礦柱、橋梁、農(nong)具、器具、家具等多種用途。各種松(song)(song)(song)(song)木(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)纖維(wei)素含(han)量約(yue)為50~60%,木(mu)(mu)質素為25~30%,為制(zhi)漿造紙工(gong)業重(zhong)要的(de)(de)原(yuan)料之一。松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹也(ye)可用作薪炭材(cai)。
從(cong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹樹干(gan)割取松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)脂(zhi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)提(ti)取松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)香和(he)(he)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)節(jie)油。松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹種(zhong)(zhong)子富含蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)油脂(zhi),含油量都在(zai)30%以(yi)上,其(qi)中具食用(yong)價(jia)值的(de)(de)有(you)20種(zhong)(zhong),如產于(yu)中國的(de)(de)有(you)紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、偃松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、華(hua)山松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)等。紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子還可(ke)(ke)入藥,藥名“海(hai)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)子”,是一種(zhong)(zhong)滋養強壯劑(ji)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹的(de)(de)樹皮(pi)(pi)、種(zhong)(zhong)皮(pi)(pi)富含單寧,可(ke)(ke)浸水提(ti)取栲膠。樹皮(pi)(pi)經粉(fen)碎(sui)后,與其(qi)他(ta)原料(liao)混合,加(jia)壓可(ke)(ke)制(zhi)成硬纖維板(ban)。此外還可(ke)(ke)從(cong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹針(zhen)葉(xie)中提(ti)取松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)針(zhen)揮發油。針(zhen)葉(xie)中含有(you)較豐富的(de)(de)胡蘿(luo)卜素、維生素、脂(zhi)肪、蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)及鈣、磷(lin)等多種(zhong)(zhong)礦質(zhi)(zhi)元素,可(ke)(ke)加(jia)工成飼(si)(si)料(liao)添加(jia)劑(ji),用(yong)來(lai)飼(si)(si)養家禽、家畜(chu)。利用(yong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)枝、松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)根在(zai)窯內進行不(bu)完(wan)全的(de)(de)燃燒,可(ke)(ke)制(zhi)得(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)煙(見木(mu)材干(gan)餾),用(yong)于(yu)制(zhi)造墨、油墨和(he)(he)黑色涂料(liao)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)枝和(he)(he)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)根還是培(pei)養名貴藥材茯苓的(de)(de)原料(liao)。
綜上(shang)所述,松針以其鮮為人(ren)知的驚人(ren)功效和覆蓋全國的豐(feng)富資源(yuan),必將成保健產(chan)業革(ge)命的標志(zhi)性產(chan)品。
馬(ma)尾松的(de)葉——松針有極大(da)的(de)藥用價(jia)值,最早由孫思邈發現,主要(yao)是清除人體自由基,可防暈(yun)車,可煨水、泡酒,延(yan)年益壽。
松(song)針(zhen)(zhen)是(shi)(shi)松(song)樹藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)表(biao)部位(wei),味苦、無毒、藥(yao)(yao)性(xing)溫和(he)(he)(he),它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提取物(wu)中含(han)有(you)植(zhi)物(wu)酵素(su)、植(zhi)物(wu)纖(xian)維、生長(chang)激(ji)松(song) 針(zhen)(zhen)素(su)、蛋白質(zhi)、脂肪和(he)(he)(he) 2 4種(zhong)氨(an)基酸(suan),松(song) 針(zhen)(zhen)具 有(you)降血(xue)(xue)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。松(song)針(zhen)(zhen)中含(han)有(you)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)β-胡蘿(luo)卜素(su)、維生素(su)C、維生素(su)E,這三(san)種(zhong)物(wu)質(zhi)被稱為抗(kang)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“金三(san)角”,三(san)者共同(tong)保護人體組(zu)織細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)免受氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua),延(yan)長(chang)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壽命。松(song)針(zhen)(zhen)提取物(wu)前花(hua)青(qing)素(su) (PCA)是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)能力超(chao)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天然(ran)抗(kang)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)劑,前花(hua)青(qing)素(su)是(shi)(shi)世界上(shang)迄今為止(zhi)文獻記載和(he)(he)(he)實驗(yan)室發現最(zui)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天然(ran)抗(kang)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(抗(kang)衰(shuai)老)物(wu)質(zhi)!它(ta)有(you)優(you)異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)除(chu)(chu)多種(zhong)有(you)害自由基的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)效,與其他植(zhi)物(wu)抗(kang)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)劑相比,前花(hua)青(qing)素(su)對超(chao)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)物(wu)陰離(li)子自由基和(he)(he)(he)羥自由基的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)除(chu)(chu)能力更勝一籌;松(song)針(zhen)(zhen)精油(you)和(he)(he)(he)松(song)針(zhen)(zhen)黃酮有(you)獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)溶性(xing),能和(he)(he)(he)松(song)針(zhen)(zhen)所(suo)含(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不飽和(he)(he)(he)脂肪酸(suan)透(tou)過血(xue)(xue)管壁進(jin)入血(xue)(xue)液:通過增加膽(dan)汁分泌,減(jian)少(shao)膽(dan)固(gu)醇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積累,通過清(qing)除(chu)(chu)膽(dan)固(gu)醇,預防動脈硬化(hua)(hua)、擴(kuo)張末梢血(xue)(xue)管、改善紅細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)攜氧(yang)(yang)(yang)能力,促進(jin)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)液循環。人類(lei)心腦血(xue)(xue)管疾病的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾(ji)大癥(zheng)狀(zhuang):心絞(jiao)痛、心悸(ji)、喘息(xi)、浮腫、暈眩、呼吸(xi)困難,飲用(yong)松(song)針(zhen)(zhen)茶后,都得到了改善多種(zhong)實驗(yan)證明。