生長與分布

分布范圍

由于(yu)原產(chan)地(di)(di)地(di)(di)理分(fen)布的(de)差(cha)異，在原產(chan)中國的(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹中，樟子(zi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)、新疆五針松(song)(song)(song)(song)、偃松(song)(song)(song)(song)最耐寒，對(dui)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求最低。紅(hong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)對(dui)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求也(ye)較(jiao)低。赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)、油松(song)(song)(song)(song)、白皮(pi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)、華山松(song)(song)(song)(song)、高(gao)(gao)山松(song)(song)(song)(song)、黃山松(song)(song)(song)(song)、巴山松(song)(song)(song)(song)為(wei)暖溫帶(dai)和(he)亞熱(re)(re)(re)帶(dai)高(gao)(gao)海拔地(di)(di)區樹種，對(dui)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求中等。馬尾松(song)(song)(song)(song)、云南(nan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)、喬松(song)(song)(song)(song)和(he)思茅松(song)(song)(song)(song)分(fen)布于(yu)更靠南(nan)的(de)地(di)(di)區，要(yao)(yao)(yao)求較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)。

南亞(ya)松(song)(song)是熱(re)帶松(song)(song)樹，對(dui)熱(re)量的(de)(de)要求最高(gao)。對(dui)濕潤(run)條件的(de)(de)要求，五(wu)針(zhen)松(song)(song)一般高(gao)于二針(zhen)松(song)(song)，但也(ye)因種而異。例如同為五(wu)針(zhen)松(song)(song)的(de)(de)紅松(song)(song)和(he)(he)(he)華山松(song)(song)，前者(zhe)比后者(zhe)要求更濕潤(run)的(de)(de)條件；同為二針(zhen)松(song)(song)的(de)(de)赤(chi)松(song)(song)和(he)(he)(he)馬尾松(song)(song)對(dui)濕潤(run)狀(zhuang)況的(de)(de)要求高(gao)于油松(song)(song)和(he)(he)(he)云南松(song)(song)。這與地理分布上隨經度(du)而發生的(de)(de)替代現象有關。

生長環境

土壤要求

松(song)樹本身(shen)適應(ying)力(li)較強，因而(er)能夠在(zai)各種(zhong)類型土(tu)壤(rang)中生(sheng)長，但土(tu)壤(rang)仍(reng)會(hui)對松(song)樹生(sheng)長的(de)態(tai)勢產生(sheng)直接的(de)影(ying)響，所(suo)以(yi)應(ying)盡量選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)肥(fei)沃土(tu)壤(rang)區域種(zhong)植(zhi)，才能夠保證松(song)樹的(de)健(jian)康(kang)生(sheng)長。如果是水分(fen)相對充足的(de)區域，盡可能選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)酸性土(tu)壤(rang)種(zhong)植(zhi)松(song)樹，但仍(reng)存在(zai)部分(fen)品(pin)種(zhong)更適宜種(zhong)植(zhi)在(zai)堿性土(tu)壤(rang)中。

耐陰性

絕大多數(shu)松樹(shu)(shu)(shu)喜歡(huan)光照，其(qi)(qi)外形(xing)具體表現在樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)分(fen)布稀(xi)疏，自(zi)然整枝(zhi)能(neng)力(li)極強，所以在生理(li)方面，其(qi)(qi)補償點就(jiu)不會(hui)與其(qi)(qi)他樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種高(gao)度相(xiang)同。在成林過程當中(zhong)，通常都(dou)會(hui)形(xing)成先鋒(feng)(feng)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種。一旦原始(shi)森林受到外力(li)傷害，先鋒(feng)(feng)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種就(jiu)會(hui)迅速發(fa)展，替(ti)代原有(you)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種位置，但其(qi)(qi)自(zi)身(shen)的穩定性并(bing)不理(li)想(xiang)。若松樹(shu)(shu)(shu)能(neng)夠形(xing)成特(te)定環境，耐陰性較強且長壽的樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種就(jiu)會(hui)替(ti)代，最終(zhong)使其(qi)(qi)喪失(shi)自(zi)身(shen)獨特(te)優(you)勢。對(dui)于松樹(shu)(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種而言，大部分(fen)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種都(dou)能(neng)夠互相(xiang)進(jin)行替(ti)代，特(te)別是耐陰性理(li)想(xiang)的樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種，優(you)勢顯著。

抗旱性

在(zai)(zai)(zai)松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)(de)整(zheng)個過(guo)程中，其(qi)抗旱(han)(han)性(xing)能(neng)極強，受(shou)其(qi)抗旱(han)(han)結構(gou)的(de)(de)影響，這種類型的(de)(de)松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)，其(qi)葉(xie)(xie)子狹(xia)窄而(er)且角(jiao)質層較為發(fa)達，葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)表面積與(yu)(yu)(yu)體積都相對(dui)較小，而(er)且氣孔(kong)通常(chang)都會(hui)出現下陷情況。但是，在(zai)(zai)(zai)組(zu)織發(fa)育(yu)方面相對(dui)理想(xiang)，站在(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)理角(jiao)度分析(xi)，耐(nai)寒(han)性(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)耐(nai)旱(han)(han)性(xing)很強，所以并不(bu)會(hui)受(shou)到缺(que)水影響而(er)受(shou)到損(sun)傷(shang)。而(er)站在(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)態角(jiao)度分析(xi)，松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)屬于(yu)最常(chang)見的(de)(de)一種旱(han)(han)生(sheng)(sheng)植物，，即便(bian)氣候條件差(cha)異(yi)較大的(de)(de)區域，同樣能(neng)夠使松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)健(jian)康(kang)地生(sheng)(sheng)存”。絕(jue)大多數松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)都在(zai)(zai)(zai)干旱(han)(han)條件且土(tu)壤(rang)稀薄區域生(sheng)(sheng)長，其(qi)中，二針松(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)(yu)五針松(song)(song)相比，其(qi)抗旱(han)(han)能(neng)力更強。由此可(ke)見，若土(tu)壤(rang)當中的(de)(de)含水量過(guo)大，會(hui)嚴(yan)重影響松(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)正(zheng)常(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)長。

生長氣候

松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)的(de)(de)(de)原產(chan)地(di)分布具有(you)顯著的(de)(de)(de)不同之(zhi)處(chu)(chu)，一(yi)般情況下，樟子(zi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)五(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)等(deng)(deng)具有(you)極強的(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)寒性，所以在(zai)(zai)(zai)種植(zhi)方面對于(yu)熱量(liang)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)并不高(gao)。而油松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、白皮松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)等(deng)(deng)屬于(yu)暖溫帶(dai)與(yu)(yu)亞熱帶(dai)高(gao)海拔區(qu)域所特有(you)的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)種，因而對于(yu)熱量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)要(yao)遠遠高(gao)于(yu)五(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。馬(ma)尾松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、喬(qiao)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)以及云(yun)南松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)等(deng)(deng)主要(yao)分布于(yu)南方區(qu)域，其對于(yu)熱量(liang)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)會更高(gao)-一(yi)些(xie)。而南亞松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)在(zai)(zai)(zai)所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)樹(shu)種當中，其對于(yu)熱量(liang)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)最高(gao)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)濕潤條件(jian)方面，五(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)和(he)二針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)相(xiang)比(bi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)濕度(du)方面的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)更高(gao)，但同樣與(yu)(yu)樹(shu)種存在(zai)(zai)(zai)緊密的(de)(de)(de)聯(lian)(lian)系。雖然(ran)(ran)華山松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)都是五(wu)針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)種，但濕度(du)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)卻存在(zai)(zai)(zai)不同之(zhi)處(chu)(chu)，紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)所需濕度(du)更高(gao)。另外，五(wu)尾松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)與(yu)(yu)赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)都是二針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)濕潤條件(jian)方面的(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)(qiu)仍然(ran)(ran)不同，與(yu)(yu)植(zhi)物分布的(de)(de)(de)地(di)理位置也存在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)關聯(lian)(lian)。

形態及特征

松樹(shu)較幼(you)時的(de)樹(shu)冠呈金字塔形，樹(shu)枝多呈輪狀(zhuang)著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。幼(you)苗出土、子(zi)葉展開以(yi)后，首先著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)為(wei)初生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉，單(dan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，螺旋(xuan)狀(zhuang)排列(lie)，線狀(zhuang)披針形，葉緣具齒。初生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉行使葉的(de)功能(neng)1～3年后，才出現(xian)針葉，通常2、3、5枚成束，著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于短枝的(de)頂端。每束針葉基部有葉鞘，早期脫落或(huo)宿(su)存(cun)。葉肉組織中的(de)樹(shu)脂道的(de)位置在成年植株比(bi)較恒定，可分為(wei)外生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、中生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、內生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)3種類型。

松樹針(zhen)葉(xie)橫切(qie)面中(zhong)可(ke)見1或(huo)2個(ge)維管(guan)束，特(te)殊環(huan)境下可(ke)在雙維管(guan)束松樹中(zhong)出(chu)現維管(guan)束合并的(de)情況。球(qiu)(qiu)花單性(xing)，雌雄同(tong)株。球(qiu)(qiu)果多數由(you)種(zhong)鱗(lin)組成，成熟(shu)后木質化(hua)。種(zhong)鱗(lin)的(de)裸露增厚部分稱鱗(lin)盾，鱗(lin)盾先端的(de)瘤狀突起稱鱗(lin)臍(qi)。有的(de)樹種(zhong)鱗(lin)臍(qi)具(ju)刺，有的(de)無。球(qiu)(qiu)果成熟(shu)時種(zhong)鱗(lin)張開，種(zhong)子(zi)脫落；但少數樹種(zhong)種(zhong)鱗(lin)則長期保持關閉狀態。每個(ge)種(zhong)鱗(lin)具(ju)種(zhong)子(zi)2粒，種(zhong)子(zi)上部具(ju)一長翅，少數具(ju)短翅或(huo)無翅。

松(song)(song)樹(shu)最明顯的(de)特征是(shi)葉(xie)成(cheng)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)狀(zhuang)，常2針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、3針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)或(huo)(huo)(huo)5針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)一(yi)(yi)束。如油松(song)(song)、馬尾(wei)松(song)(song)、黃山松(song)(song)的(de)葉(xie)2針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)一(yi)(yi)束，白皮松(song)(song)的(de)葉(xie)3針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)一(yi)(yi)束，紅松(song)(song)、華山松(song)(song)、五針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)的(de)葉(xie)5針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)一(yi)(yi)束。松(song)(song)樹(shu)為雌雄(xiong)同(tong)株植物，而且孢子(zi)葉(xie)成(cheng)球果狀(zhuang)排(pai)列，形成(cheng)雌、雄(xiong)球花(hua)(hua)。雌球花(hua)(hua)單個或(huo)(huo)(huo)2一(yi)(yi)4個著生(sheng)于(yu)新枝(zhi)頂端，雄(xiong)球花(hua)(hua)多數聚集于(yu)新枝(zhi)下部。松(song)(song)樹(shu)的(de)球花(hua)(hua)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)于(yu)春夏季開放(fang)，但花(hua)(hua)粉(fen)傳到(dao)雌球花(hua)(hua)上后(hou)(hou)，要到(dao)第(di)二(er)年初(chu)夏才萌發，使雌花(hua)(hua)受精，發育成(cheng)球果（俗稱松(song)(song)塔或(huo)(huo)(huo)松(song)(song)球，不是(shi)果實）。球果于(yu)秋后(hou)(hou)成(cheng)熟，種(zhong)鱗張開，每個種(zhong)鱗具兩粒種(zhong)子(zi)。

松(song)屬植(zhi)物中的多數種類是高大挺拔(ba)的喬木，而且材(cai)質好，不乏棟梁之(zhi)材(cai)。中國(guo)東北的“木材(cai)之(zhi)王”——紅松(song)、北美西(xi)部廣(guang)為分布的高大樹(shu)種（高達75米(mi)）—西(xi)黃松(song)、原(yuan)產于美國(guo)加(jia)州沿海生長(chang)速度最快(kuai)的松(song)樹(shu)——輻射松(song)、原(yuan)產于美國(guo)東南部的濕地(di)松(song)、美洲(zhou)加(jia)勒比海地(di)區原(yuan)產的加(jia)勒比松(song)、廣(guang)布于歐(ou)亞大陸西(xi)部和北部的歐(ou)洲(zhou)赤松(song)等(deng)等(deng)，都是著名的用材(cai)樹(shu)種。

松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀賞(shang)價值也是(shi)有目共睹的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。在中國，從皇家古(gu)典(dian)園林(lin)到(dao)現代居民家中都能(neng)見到(dao)松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倩(qian)影，例如北京(jing)北海、頤和園中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油松(song)(song)(song)、白(bai)皮(pi)松(song)(song)(song)，樹(shu)(shu)(shu)樁盆景中廣泛使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五(wu)針松(song)(song)(song)等(deng)，一些名山(shan)勝(sheng)地，更是(shi)山(shan)以(yi)松(song)(song)(song)壯(zhuang)勢、松(song)(song)(song)以(yi)山(shan)出名。黃山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)迎客(ke)松(song)(song)(song)、華(hua)(hua)山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)華(hua)(hua)山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)、長白(bai)山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)人(ren)松(song)(song)(song)……無一不(bu)(bu)令游人(ren)贊嘆(tan)。另(ling)外，松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)根部(bu)位常常會有大型(xing)真菌(jun)生長。它們(men)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)木腐菌(jun)，可以(yi)對松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)進行分解，造成(cheng)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)木根腐；有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)外生菌(jun)根菌(jun)，可以(yi)與松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)互換營(ying)養(yang)(yang)，防(fang)止樹(shu)(shu)(shu)木營(ying)養(yang)(yang)缺乏，從而導致影響生長。成(cheng)熟后高達45米，胸(xiong)徑1.5米；樹(shu)(shu)(shu)皮(pi)紅褐色，下部(bu)灰褐色，裂成(cheng)不(bu)(bu)規則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鱗(lin)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)塊片；枝平展或斜展，樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠寬塔形(xing)或傘(san)形(xing)，枝條每年生長一輪，但(dan)在廣東(dong)南(nan)部(bu)則(ze)通常生長兩輪，淡黃褐色，無白(bai)粉，稀有白(bai)粉，無毛(mao)；冬芽(ya)(ya)卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)圓柱(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)或圓柱(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)，褐色，頂端尖(jian)(jian)，芽(ya)(ya)鱗(lin)邊(bian)緣絲(si)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，先端尖(jian)(jian)或成(cheng)漸尖(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長尖(jian)(jian)頭，微反曲。

繁殖方式

松(song)樹的(de)苗木(mu)繁育主要(yao)采(cai)用種子育苗或者用枝(zhi)條進行(xing)扦插，此外，另有由我國(guo)研(yan)究人員創立的(de)直接用松(song)樹的(de)針葉(xie)束(shu)進行(xing)無性系，苗木(mu)繁育的(de)方(fang)法，即：針葉(xie)束(shu)育苗。

價值及其他

觀賞

松(song)樹(shu)除(chu)經濟用途外，由于(yu)其樹(shu)姿雄偉、蒼勁，樹(shu)體高大、長(chang)(chang)壽，還具有重要(yao)的(de)觀賞價值。它(ta)是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)很(hen)多風(feng)景區的(de)重要(yao)景觀成分。如遼(liao)寧(ning)千山(shan)、山(shan)東泰(tai)山(shan)、江西廬山(shan)都以(yi)松(song)樹(shu)景色而馳名(ming)。尤其是安徽的(de)黃山(shan)，松(song)、云、石號稱“三絕(jue)”，而以(yi)松(song)為(wei)(wei)首(shou)。各地不少古松(song)與中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)悠久的(de)歷(li)史文化有密切聯(lian)系。如北京北海團城有一株(zhu)800年(nian)生的(de)古松(song)，傳說曾被清乾隆(long)封為(wei)(wei)“遮陰侯(hou)”；泰(tai)山(shan)“五大夫(fu)松(song)”傳說是秦始皇登(deng)山(shan)在此避雨而被封以(yi)官爵的(de)。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人民把(ba)松(song)樹(shu)作為(wei)(wei)堅(jian)定、貞潔、長(chang)(chang)壽的(de)象征。松(song)、竹、梅世(shi)稱“歲寒三友”，喻不畏逆境(jing)、戰勝困難的(de)堅(jian)韌精神。

工業

按照結構特征和材(cai)(cai)(cai)性，一般將松(song)(song)樹分為軟(ruan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)和硬(ying)木(mu)(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)。軟(ruan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)（即單維管(guan)(guan)束亞(ya)屬(shu)）比(bi)較(jiao)輕軟(ruan)，紋(wen)理(li)均勻，強度小，加工(gong)容易，早材(cai)(cai)(cai)至晚材(cai)(cai)(cai)漸變(bian)，少(shao)翅裂。硬(ying)木(mu)(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)（即雙維管(guan)(guan)束亞(ya)屬(shu)）比(bi)較(jiao)重(zhong)(zhong)硬(ying)，紋(wen)理(li)不均勻，強度較(jiao)大，加工(gong)較(jiao)難，早材(cai)(cai)(cai)至晚材(cai)(cai)(cai)急變(bian)，松(song)(song)脂含量(liang)高。但屬(shu)于軟(ruan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)中的海南五針松(song)(song)和華(hua)南五針松(song)(song)在強度和容重(zhong)(zhong)上接近(jin)于硬(ying)木(mu)(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)。松(song)(song)樹木(mu)(mu)(mu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)可供建(jian)筑、電桿、枕(zhen)木(mu)(mu)(mu)、礦柱、橋梁、農具(ju)、器(qi)具(ju)、家具(ju)等(deng)多種(zhong)用途。各(ge)種(zhong)松(song)(song)木(mu)(mu)(mu)的纖維素含量(liang)約(yue)為50～60%，木(mu)(mu)(mu)質素為25～30%，為制漿造紙工(gong)業重(zhong)(zhong)要的原(yuan)料之一。松(song)(song)樹也可用作薪炭材(cai)(cai)(cai)。

從松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)干割取(qu)(qu)(qu)松(song)(song)(song)脂可(ke)(ke)(ke)以提(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)松(song)(song)(song)香(xiang)和松(song)(song)(song)節油。松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)種子(zi)(zi)富(fu)含(han)蛋白(bai)質(zhi)和油脂，含(han)油量(liang)都在30%以上，其中(zhong)具食用價值的(de)有(you)20種，如產于中(zhong)國的(de)有(you)紅松(song)(song)(song)、偃松(song)(song)(song)、華(hua)山松(song)(song)(song)等。紅松(song)(song)(song)的(de)種子(zi)(zi)還可(ke)(ke)(ke)入藥(yao)(yao)，藥(yao)(yao)名“海松(song)(song)(song)子(zi)(zi)”，是一種滋養強(qiang)壯劑。松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)樹(shu)(shu)皮、種皮富(fu)含(han)單寧，可(ke)(ke)(ke)浸水提(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)栲膠。樹(shu)(shu)皮經(jing)粉碎(sui)后，與其他原料混合，加(jia)壓(ya)可(ke)(ke)(ke)制(zhi)(zhi)成硬纖(xian)維板。此外(wai)還可(ke)(ke)(ke)從松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)針(zhen)葉(xie)中(zhong)提(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)松(song)(song)(song)針(zhen)揮發油。針(zhen)葉(xie)中(zhong)含(han)有(you)較豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)胡蘿卜素、維生素、脂肪、蛋白(bai)質(zhi)以及鈣、磷等多種礦(kuang)質(zhi)元素，可(ke)(ke)(ke)加(jia)工成飼料添加(jia)劑，用來(lai)飼養家禽、家畜。利用松(song)(song)(song)枝、松(song)(song)(song)根(gen)在窯(yao)內進行(xing)不完全(quan)的(de)燃燒，可(ke)(ke)(ke)制(zhi)(zhi)得松(song)(song)(song)煙（見木材干餾），用于制(zhi)(zhi)造墨、油墨和黑色涂(tu)料。松(song)(song)(song)枝和松(song)(song)(song)根(gen)還是培養名貴藥(yao)(yao)材茯苓的(de)原料。

綜上所(suo)述(shu)，松針以其鮮為人知的(de)驚(jing)人功效(xiao)和覆蓋全國的(de)豐富資源，必將成(cheng)保健產(chan)業革命(ming)的(de)標志性(xing)產(chan)品。

馬尾松的葉——松針有(you)極大的藥用價值，最早由孫思邈(miao)發現(xian)，主要(yao)是(shi)清除人體自由基，可(ke)(ke)防暈(yun)車(che)，可(ke)(ke)煨水、泡酒，延年益壽。

藥用

松(song)(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)是(shi)(shi)松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)藥用(yong)的(de)(de)代表部位，味苦、無(wu)毒、藥性(xing)溫和(he)，它(ta)的(de)(de)提(ti)取物中含(han)(han)有(you)植(zhi)物酵素、植(zhi)物纖維(wei)(wei)、生長激(ji)松(song)(song)(song) 針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)素、蛋白(bai)質、脂(zhi)肪和(he) 2 4種(zhong)氨基酸，松(song)(song)(song) 針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)具 有(you)降(jiang)血(xue)壓的(de)(de)作用(yong)。松(song)(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)中含(han)(han)有(you)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)β-胡蘿卜素、維(wei)(wei)生素C、維(wei)(wei)生素E，這(zhe)三種(zhong)物質被稱為抗氧(yang)化(hua)的(de)(de)“金三角(jiao)”，三者共同保(bao)護(hu)人體組織細(xi)胞(bao)免受氧(yang)化(hua)，延長細(xi)胞(bao)的(de)(de)壽命。松(song)(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)提(ti)取物前(qian)(qian)花(hua)(hua)青(qing)素 (PCA)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)能力(li)超強的(de)(de)天然抗氧(yang)化(hua)劑(ji)，前(qian)(qian)花(hua)(hua)青(qing)素是(shi)(shi)世界上迄今為止文(wen)獻記載和(he)實驗室(shi)發現最強的(de)(de)天然抗氧(yang)化(hua)(抗衰老)物質!它(ta)有(you)優異的(de)(de)清除多(duo)種(zhong)有(you)害自由基的(de)(de)功效，與其他(ta)植(zhi)物抗氧(yang)化(hua)劑(ji)相比，前(qian)(qian)花(hua)(hua)青(qing)素對超氧(yang)化(hua)物陰離子(zi)自由基和(he)羥自由基的(de)(de)清除能力(li)更(geng)勝(sheng)一(yi)籌(chou)；松(song)(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)精油(you)和(he)松(song)(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)黃酮有(you)獨特的(de)(de)水溶性(xing)，能和(he)松(song)(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)所含(han)(han)的(de)(de)不飽和(he)脂(zhi)肪酸透過(guo)(guo)血(xue)管壁(bi)進入(ru)血(xue)液(ye)：通過(guo)(guo)增加膽(dan)汁分泌，減(jian)少膽(dan)固醇(chun)的(de)(de)積(ji)累，通過(guo)(guo)清除膽(dan)固醇(chun)，預(yu)防動脈硬化(hua)、擴張末梢血(xue)管、改善紅細(xi)胞(bao)攜(xie)氧(yang)能力(li)，促進人的(de)(de)血(xue)液(ye)循環。人類心(xin)(xin)腦血(xue)管疾病的(de)(de)幾大癥狀：心(xin)(xin)絞痛、心(xin)(xin)悸(ji)、喘(chuan)息(xi)、浮腫、暈眩、呼吸困難，飲(yin)用(yong)松(song)(song)(song)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)茶后(hou)，都得到(dao)了改善多(duo)種(zhong)實驗證(zheng)明。