生長在(zai)山谷闊(kuo)(kuo)葉林中(zhong),分(fen)布(bu)區年(nian)平(ping)均溫(wen)18.1-21.3℃,最(zui)(zui)冷月(yue)(1月(yue))平(ping)均溫(wen)8.1-12.6℃,最(zui)(zui)熱(re)(re)月(yue)(7月(yue))平(ping)均溫(wen)24.6-28.4℃,極(ji)端最(zui)(zui)低溫(wen)-2.4至5.2℃,極(ji)端最(zui)(zui)高溫(wen)35.5-39.5℃,年(nian)降水量1200-2000毫米;相對濕(shi)度79-82%。土壤(rang)(rang)為酸性紅壤(rang)(rang)、黃壤(rang)(rang)或棕色石(shi)灰土。多見于北(bei)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)地區,向北(bei)可延伸(shen)至中(zhong)亞熱(re)(re)帶(dai)的山谷或河(he)流兩(liang)岸的闊(kuo)(kuo)葉林內。
分布(bu)(bu)于中(zhong)(zhong)國貴州(zhou)南部、廣西(xi)、云(yun)南東(dong)南部,中(zhong)(zhong)國臺灣有栽培。越(yue)南也有分布(bu)(bu)。
落葉喬木,高約(yue)(yue)(yue)10-15米,胸(xiong)徑(jing)達60-80厘(li)(li)米,樹皮灰(hui)白色(se)至(zhi)(zhi)灰(hui)褐色(se),常(chang)不開裂;幼(you)嫩部(bu)(bu)分被有(you)短柔毛及星芒狀(zhuang)毛以(yi)及橙黃(huang)色(se)腺體。幼(you)枝粗壯,顯著具棱(leng),一年生(sheng)(sheng)及二年生(sheng)(sheng)枝、則具不顯明的(de)棱(leng),紫褐色(se)至(zhi)(zhi)灰(hui)褐色(se),無(wu)(wu)毛,具黃(huang)褐色(se)皮孔(kong)。奇數羽(yu)狀(zhuang)復葉長(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)30-40厘(li)(li)米,葉柄3棱(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),上面(mian)具1溝,基部(bu)(bu)膨大(da)(da),長(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)5-7厘(li)(li)米,葉軸圓柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),無(wu)(wu)棱(leng);小(xiao)葉通(tong)常(chang)7-9(稀達11)枚,成長(chang)(chang)后(hou)近革質,全緣,上面(mian)深綠色(se),無(wu)(wu)毛,具光澤,下面(mian)淡綠色(se),無(wu)(wu)毛,中脈(mo)及側脈(mo)顯著凸起;側生(sheng)(sheng)小(xiao)葉對生(sheng)(sheng),具3-5毫米長(chang)(chang)的(de)小(xiao)葉柄,生(sheng)(sheng)于上端(duan)者較(jiao)大(da)(da),長(chang)(chang)橢圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)橢圓狀(zhuang)披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)12-15厘(li)(li)米,寬(kuan)(kuan)約(yue)(yue)(yue)4-5厘(li)(li)米,頂(ding)端(duan)漸(jian)(jian)尖(jian),基部(bu)(bu)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或鈍(dun),生(sheng)(sheng)于下端(duan)者較(jiao)小(xiao),通(tong)常(chang)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)6-9厘(li)(li)米,寬(kuan)(kuan)約(yue)(yue)(yue)3-4厘(li)(li)米,頂(ding)端(duan)漸(jian)(jian)尖(jian),基部(bu)(bu)歪斜,圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);頂(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)小(xiao)葉倒(dao)卵(luan)狀(zhuang)披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)12-15厘(li)(li)米,寬(kuan)(kuan)約(yue)(yue)(yue)4-6厘(li)(li)米,具側脈(mo)17-20對,頂(ding)端(duan)漸(jian)(jian)尖(jian),基部(bu)(bu)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),具長(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)10-15毫米的(de)小(xiao)葉柄。
雄(xiong)性葇荑花(hua)序(xu)長(chang)13-15厘(li)(li)米(mi),通常(chang)5(稀3-9)條成一(yi)束,生(sheng)于長(chang)約(yue)(yue)3-6厘(li)(li)米(mi)的(de)(de)花(hua)序(xu)總(zong)梗上;總(zong)梗圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing),向上端(duan)逐漸具(ju)(ju)(ju)棱,自當年生(sheng)小枝(zhi)葉腋2-3個重疊生(sheng)出(chu)。雄(xiong)花(hua)的(de)(de)苞片(pian)及小苞片(pian)愈(yu)合,被(bei)(bei)(bei)有(you)(you)短(duan)柔(rou)毛及腺體,雄(xiong)蕊5-15枚(mei),花(hua)藥闊橢圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing),被(bei)(bei)(bei)極短(duan)柔(rou)毛。雌(ci)性穗狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)序(xu)直立(li),頂生(sheng),具(ju)(ju)(ju)3-5雌(ci)花(hua)。雌(ci)花(hua)的(de)(de)總(zong)苞被(bei)(bei)(bei)有(you)(you)短(duan)柔(rou)毛、星芒狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)毛及腺體。果(guo)實近球(qiu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)或卵(luan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)橢圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)6-8厘(li)(li)米(mi),直徑5-6厘(li)(li)米(mi),頂端(duan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)漸尖頭;外(wai)果(guo)皮(pi)厚(hou),干(gan)燥后(hou)木質,厚(hou)約(yue)(yue)5-9毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),外(wai)表面黑(hei)褐色(se),密被(bei)(bei)(bei)灰黃褐色(se)的(de)(de)皮(pi)孔,4瓣(ban)以上至9瓣(ban)裂(lie)開(有(you)(you)時(shi)由于總(zong)苞裂(lie)片(pian)愈(yu)合,因而(er)(er)成假的(de)(de)4瓣(ban)),裂(lie)瓣(ban)中央具(ju)(ju)(ju)1-2縱(zong)肋,頂端(duan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)鳥喙狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)漸尖頭;果(guo)核(he)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)或卵(luan)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing),有(you)(you)時(shi)略成背腹(fu)壓扁狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),頂端(duan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)1鳥喙狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)漸尖頭,并具(ju)(ju)(ju)6-8條不明顯的(de)(de)細縱(zong)棱,連喙長(chang)約(yue)(yue)6-8厘(li)(li)米(mi),徑4-5厘(li)(li)米(mi),基部圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)而(er)(er)微凸(tu)出(chu),常(chang)具(ju)(ju)(ju)1線形(xing)(xing)而(er)(er)稍凸(tu)出(chu)的(de)(de)痕(hen),痕(hen)長(chang)約(yue)(yue)15毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),寬2-3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi);內果(guo)皮(pi)骨質,厚(hou)1.5-2毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),外(wai)表略具(ju)(ju)(ju)不顯著的(de)(de)網紋及皺(zhou)曲,內面平滑。
種子繁殖。果(guo)實成(cheng)熟(shu)時,外果(guo)皮自行裂開(kai),必須及(ji)時采(cai)種,如不能(neng)冬播,可在室內(nei)用(yong)濕沙貯藏,使內(nei)果(guo)皮開(kai)裂,待翌(yi)年春季(ji)播種。苗圃(pu)地宜選擇土(tu)壤肥沃(wo)、土(tu)層深厚(hou)、排水良好山坡下部(bu),開(kai)溝條播或點(dian)播。也可試驗用(yong)扦播繁殖。
喙核(he)桃(tao)是(shi)胡桃(tao)科單(dan)種屬植(zhi)物。是(shi)第三紀古老植(zhi)物,其種仁含油率高,可(ke)榨油作為(wei)食用和工業用;木材(cai)質地堅(jian)韌,是(shi)優良的軍(jun)工、樂器(qi)用材(cai)。