生于海拔2600-3750米高山(shan)流石(shi)坡。
中國臺灣特有種,產宜蘭、臺中和花蓮。分布(bu)區非常狹窄(zhai),僅產臺(tai)灣中央山(shan)脈(mo)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)宜蘭、臺(tai)中與花蓮三縣交界(jie)的南湖(hu)大山(shan),約位(wei)于北(bei)(bei)緯24°23′東經121°25′之范圍(wei)。生于海拔3680-*3740米的冰(bing)谷四周(zhou)及山(shan)頂。
多年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)矮小草本(ben),幾成(cheng)蓮(lian)座狀(zhuang),莖極短,高(gao)(gao)3-8厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。葉(xie)(xie)(xie)密生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)莖上(shang),近對生(sheng)(sheng),頂端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)互生(sheng)(sheng),橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)近圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),全緣(yuan),先(xian)端(duan)(duan)圓(yuan)(yuan),基(ji)部楔(xie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)高(gao)(gao)山多年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)輔地草本(ben),根(gen)狀(zhuang)莖在地下伸展長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)達10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),自節上(shang)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)出(chu)地下的(de)(de)肉質根(gen)出(chu)苗,在近地面(mian)密生(sheng)(sheng)小鱗葉(xie)(xie)(xie)。地上(shang)莖長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3-18厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),粗0.5-1毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),在上(shang)部常(chang)分枝,周圍被(bei)(bei)曲(qu)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),有時(shi)混(hun)生(sheng)(sheng)腺毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。葉(xie)(xie)(xie)對生(sheng)(sheng),在花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序部互生(sheng)(sheng),常(chang)密集生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)莖上(shang)部,近革(ge)質,鮮時(shi)近肉質,寬橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至倒卵(luan)(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),稀近圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.8-2.1厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬0.5-1.2厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端(duan)(duan)鈍(dun),基(ji)部近楔(xie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),稀近截形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),邊緣(yuan)每(mei)(mei)側(ce)具(ju)3-7枚(mei)淺齒,側(ce)脈(mo)每(mei)(mei)側(ce)3-5條,不(bu)明(ming)(ming)顯,僅(jin)脈(mo)上(shang)與(yu)邊緣(yuan)疏(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)曲(qu)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),常(chang)有稀疏(shu)的(de)(de)桿狀(zhuang)鐘乳體;葉(xie)(xie)(xie)柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序近直立至上(shang)升(sheng)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)在芽(ya)時(shi)稍(shao)下垂(chui),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)蕾(lei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)狀(zhuang)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)10-12毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),徑(jing)5-7毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);子房長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-1.8厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),被(bei)(bei)曲(qu)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)與(yu)腺毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.3-0.8厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.2-2.8厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),徑(jing)1.6-2.6毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),喉(hou)部有一(yi)(yi)環毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);萼片狹(xia)披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)11-17厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬2-3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)玫(mei)瑰色(se)(se)或(huo)紫(zi)紅色(se)(se),狹(xia)倒卵(luan)(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至倒卵(luan)(luan)(luan)狀(zhuang)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.6-3.3厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬0.8-1.7厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),基(ji)部聚縮(suo)成(cheng)爪(zhua),先(xian)端(duan)(duan)凹缺深3-10毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)藥長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.8-3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),徑(jing)0.5-0.6毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)絲(si)外(wai)輪的(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)7.5-14毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),內(nei)輪的(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4.5-9毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱直立,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.3-2.3厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),近基(ji)部有伸展的(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);柱頭近球(qiu)狀(zhuang),4淺裂(lie),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.5-2.2毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),徑(jing)1.2-2毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),裂(lie)片三角狀(zhuang)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.6-1.2毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端(duan)(duan)鈍(dun),開花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)展開,明(ming)(ming)顯高(gao)(gao)出(chu)雄蕊。蒴果褐(he)色(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2-4.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),徑(jing)3-4毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),疏(shu)被(bei)(bei)曲(qu)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)與(yu)腺毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);果梗長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.4-0.7厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。種(zhong)子狹(xia)倒卵(luan)(luan)(luan)狀(zhuang),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.6-1.8毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),具(ju)短喙,表面(mian)細網狀(zhuang)紋飾(shi);種(zhong)纓灰白色(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)6-9毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),宿(su)存。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期7-8月,果期8-9月。染色(se)(se)體數(shu)n=18。,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.6-2.1厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬0.3一(yi)(yi)1.4厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);葉(xie)(xie)(xie)柄(bing)不(bu)明(ming)(ming)顯,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-2毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)兩(liang)性,生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)莖上(shang)部葉(xie)(xie)(xie)腋內(nei),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)托(tuo)延(yan)伸于(yu)子房之上(shang)呈萼管(guan)狀(zhuang),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼裂(lie)片4,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)4,玫(mei)瑰紫(zi)色(se)(se);雄蕊8,不(bu)等長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),4長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4短;子房下位,4室,柱頭4裂(lie)。蒴果長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)而(er)狹(xia),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2.5一(yi)(yi)3.1厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);種(zhong)于(yu)多數(shu),有束毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),褐(he)色(se)(se),倒卵(luan)(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.2一(yi)(yi)1.3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),種(zhong)翅(chi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5一(yi)(yi)6毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),白褐(he)色(se)(se),宿(su)存。
南湖柳葉(xie)(xie)菜的生境很特殊(shu),處(chu)于高山(shan)頂(ding)部,氣溫(wen)低,熱量小(xiao),輻(fu)射強,風(feng)速大(da)(da),礫(li)石極多(duo)的自然立地(di)(di)條(tiao)件。年(nian)平均溫(wen)4.7℃,最高月平均溫(wen)10.6℃,最低月平均溫(wen)-2.8℃,年(nian)降水(shui)量3000毫米左右;由于產(chan)地(di)(di)面臨(lin)太洋,因(yin)(yin)而風(feng)速較(jiao)大(da)(da),日(ri)照時數達(da)2076小(xiao)時。土壤(rang)為山(shan)地(di)(di)礫(li)石土,土層較(jiao)薄,礫(li)石極多(duo)。生于斜坡與(yu)冰谷間(jian)的巖屑碎石中。主要伴(ban)生植物有北方蒿ArtenusuabireakusPallas、高山(shan)毛蓮(lian)草PecrisohwianaKitamura、玉(yu)山(shan)景天SedummorrisonenseHayata、臺灣地(di)(di)楊梅(mei)LuzulataiwanianaSakate等。南湖大(da)(da)山(shan)柳葉(xie)(xie)菜因(yin)(yin)根(gen)系發達(da),植株密(mi)生茸毛,葉(xie)(xie)面向里卷曲,表皮細胞(bao)(bao)肥厚而角質化,花葉(xie)(xie)細胞(bao)(bao)內花青素多(duo),能吸收強烈的紫(zi)外光(guang),所以在(zai)狹小(xiao)地(di)(di)段上成群聚生長。花期(qi)7-8月,果期(qi)8-9月。
該植(zhi)物不能無性繁(fan)殖,宜用種子繁(fan)殖,栽培法可參考同屬的其(qi)它種類,亦(yi)可試(shi)用組織培養法繁(fan)殖。
南(nan)湖柳葉菜分布極窄,為臺(tai)灣特有的珍貴稀有植(zhi)物(wu)。花大,色彩(cai)鮮艷(yan)美麗,可供觀賞與(yu)育種。