生于海拔2600-3750米高山(shan)流石坡。
中國臺灣特有種,產宜蘭、臺中和花蓮。分布區非(fei)常狹窄(zhai),僅產(chan)臺灣中央(yang)山脈北部宜(yi)蘭、臺中與(yu)花蓮三縣交界的(de)南湖大(da)山,約位于(yu)北緯24°23′東經121°25′之范圍。生于(yu)海拔3680-*3740米的(de)冰谷四(si)周及山頂。
多年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)矮小草(cao)本,幾(ji)成(cheng)蓮(lian)座狀(zhuang),莖(jing)(jing)(jing)極短(duan)(duan),高3-8厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。葉(xie)(xie)密(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)上(shang)(shang),近(jin)(jin)(jin)對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),頂端的(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)互生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或近(jin)(jin)(jin)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),全緣,先端圓(yuan),基(ji)部(bu)(bu)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)高山多年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)輔地(di)草(cao)本,根狀(zhuang)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)在地(di)下伸(shen)展長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)達10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),自節(jie)上(shang)(shang)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)出(chu)地(di)下的(de)(de)肉質(zhi)(zhi)根出(chu)苗,在近(jin)(jin)(jin)地(di)面密(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)小鱗葉(xie)(xie)。地(di)上(shang)(shang)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3-18厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),粗(cu)0.5-1毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),在上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)常(chang)分(fen)枝,周圍被(bei)曲柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao),有(you)(you)時(shi)混(hun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)腺毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。葉(xie)(xie)對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),在花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)部(bu)(bu)互生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),常(chang)密(mi)集生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu),近(jin)(jin)(jin)革質(zhi)(zhi),鮮時(shi)近(jin)(jin)(jin)肉質(zhi)(zhi),寬(kuan)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至倒卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),稀(xi)近(jin)(jin)(jin)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.8-2.1厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)0.5-1.2厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先端鈍,基(ji)部(bu)(bu)近(jin)(jin)(jin)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),稀(xi)近(jin)(jin)(jin)截形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),邊(bian)緣每側具(ju)3-7枚淺(qian)(qian)齒(chi),側脈每側3-5條(tiao),不明顯(xian),僅脈上(shang)(shang)與邊(bian)緣疏(shu)(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)曲柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao),常(chang)有(you)(you)稀(xi)疏(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)桿狀(zhuang)鐘乳(ru)體(ti);葉(xie)(xie)柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)近(jin)(jin)(jin)直(zhi)立(li)至上(shang)(shang)升。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)在芽時(shi)稍下垂,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)蕾長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)狀(zhuang)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)10-12毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),徑(jing)5-7毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);子(zi)房長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-1.8厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),被(bei)曲柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao)與腺毛(mao)(mao)(mao);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.3-0.8厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)管長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.2-2.8厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),徑(jing)1.6-2.6毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),喉(hou)部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)一環毛(mao)(mao)(mao);萼片狹(xia)披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)11-17厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)2-3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣玫瑰(gui)色(se)(se)(se)或紫(zi)(zi)紅色(se)(se)(se),狹(xia)倒卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至倒卵(luan)狀(zhuang)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.6-3.3厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)0.8-1.7厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),基(ji)部(bu)(bu)聚縮(suo)成(cheng)爪,先端凹缺(que)深3-10毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)藥長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.8-3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),徑(jing)0.5-0.6毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)絲外(wai)輪的(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)7.5-14毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),內(nei)(nei)輪的(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4.5-9毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱直(zhi)立(li),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.3-2.3厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),近(jin)(jin)(jin)基(ji)部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)伸(shen)展的(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);柱頭近(jin)(jin)(jin)球狀(zhuang),4淺(qian)(qian)裂,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.5-2.2毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),徑(jing)1.2-2毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),裂片三角狀(zhuang)卵(luan)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.6-1.2毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先端鈍,開花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)展開,明顯(xian)高出(chu)雄蕊(rui)。蒴(shuo)果(guo)褐色(se)(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2-4.5厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),徑(jing)3-4毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),疏(shu)(shu)被(bei)曲柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao)與腺毛(mao)(mao)(mao);果(guo)梗(geng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.4-0.7厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。種(zhong)子(zi)狹(xia)倒卵(luan)狀(zhuang),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.6-1.8毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),具(ju)短(duan)(duan)喙,表面細網狀(zhuang)紋飾;種(zhong)纓灰白(bai)(bai)色(se)(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)6-9毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),宿存。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)7-8月(yue),果(guo)期(qi)8-9月(yue)。染色(se)(se)(se)體(ti)數n=18。,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.6-2.1厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)0.3一1.4厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);葉(xie)(xie)柄(bing)不明顯(xian),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-2毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)兩性,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)葉(xie)(xie)腋內(nei)(nei),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)托(tuo)延伸(shen)于(yu)子(zi)房之上(shang)(shang)呈萼管狀(zhuang),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼裂片4,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣4,玫瑰(gui)紫(zi)(zi)色(se)(se)(se);雄蕊(rui)8,不等長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),4長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4短(duan)(duan);子(zi)房下位,4室,柱頭4裂。蒴(shuo)果(guo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)而狹(xia),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2.5一3.1厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);種(zhong)于(yu)多數,有(you)(you)束毛(mao)(mao)(mao),褐色(se)(se)(se),倒卵(luan)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.2一1.3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),種(zhong)翅(chi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5一6毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),白(bai)(bai)褐色(se)(se)(se),宿存。
南(nan)湖(hu)柳葉(xie)菜(cai)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)境很特殊,處于(yu)高山(shan)頂部,氣溫低(di),熱量小,輻(fu)射強,風速(su)大(da),礫石(shi)極多的(de)自然立地條件(jian)。年平均(jun)溫4.7℃,最(zui)高月平均(jun)溫10.6℃,最(zui)低(di)月平均(jun)溫-2.8℃,年降水量3000毫米左(zuo)右;由于(yu)產地面臨太洋(yang),因而風速(su)較大(da),日(ri)照時數達2076小時。土壤為山(shan)地礫石(shi)土,土層較薄(bo),礫石(shi)極多。生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)斜坡(po)與冰谷(gu)間的(de)巖(yan)屑碎石(shi)中(zhong)。主要伴生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)有北方蒿ArtenusuabireakusPallas、高山(shan)毛蓮(lian)草(cao)PecrisohwianaKitamura、玉山(shan)景天SedummorrisonenseHayata、臺灣地楊梅LuzulataiwanianaSakate等(deng)。南(nan)湖(hu)大(da)山(shan)柳葉(xie)菜(cai)因根系(xi)發達,植(zhi)株密生(sheng)(sheng)茸(rong)毛,葉(xie)面向(xiang)里(li)卷曲,表皮細胞(bao)肥(fei)厚(hou)而角質化,花(hua)葉(xie)細胞(bao)內花(hua)青素多,能吸收強烈的(de)紫外(wai)光(guang),所以在狹小地段上成群聚生(sheng)(sheng)長。花(hua)期7-8月,果(guo)期8-9月。
該(gai)植(zhi)物(wu)不能無(wu)性繁殖(zhi),宜用(yong)種子繁殖(zhi),栽培法(fa)可參考同(tong)屬的其(qi)它種類(lei),亦可試(shi)用(yong)組織培養法(fa)繁殖(zhi)。
南湖柳葉菜(cai)分布極(ji)窄,為臺(tai)灣特有的珍(zhen)貴(gui)稀有植物。花大,色彩鮮艷美麗(li),可供觀賞(shang)與育種。