生平及(ji)著(zhu)述：唐甄原名大陶，字鑄(zhu)萬；後更名甄，號圃亭，四(si)川達州人(ren)，生於(wu)(wu)明(ming)崇(chong)禎(zhen)三(san)年(nian)，卒於(wu)(wu)清康熙四(si)十(shi)三(san)年(nian)，得年(nian)七十(shi)五(wu)歲(sui)。生平事跡頗隱晦(hui)，《四(si)庫總目(mu)》至將《衡書(shu)》著(zhu)者「唐大陶」及(ji)《潛(qian)書(shu)》著(zhu)者唐甄別(bie)為(wei)二人(ren)。幼年(nian)隨父宦游，歷吳(wu)江(jiang)、北京、南(nan)京。順(shun)治(zhi)二年(nian)南(nan)京城破，父子避(bi)難浙江(jiang)紹興(xing)。順(shun)治(zhi)十(shi)四(si)年(nian)丁酉（1657）舉人(ren)，曾(ceng)任(ren)山(shan)西(xi)長子縣(xian)知縣(xian)十(shi)月，遍游河北、河南(nan)、湖北、浙江(jiang)、江(jiang)蘇等(deng)地(di)二十(shi)馀年(nian)，後困於(wu)(wu)江(jiang)蘇，仍志在(zai)天下(xia)，冀(ji)為(wei)王者師，著(zhu)述不輟。1962年(nian)北京中華書(shu)局出(chu)版《潛(qian)書(shu)》，後附(fu)編者李之勤〈唐甄事跡叢考〉一文(wen)，最(zui)稱詳實。
這表現(xian)(xian).在(zai)(zai)(zai)，第(di)一，封(feng)建(jian)君主(zhu)(zhu)沒有(you)(you)(you)推行(xing)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策，而實(shi)(shi)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)是忘民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)、虐發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、害(hai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)而“四(si)(si)(si)海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內，日(ri)益困窮(qiong)(qiong)，農(nong)空(kong)、工(gong)空(kong)、市空(kong)、仕(shi)空(kong)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·存(cun)言》）。第(di)二，封(feng)建(jian)官(guan)吏(li)橫行(xing)掠奪(duo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)財(cai)(cai)(cai)產，他(ta)(ta)們坐視民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疾(ji)苦不(bu)(bu)(bu)救，貪(tan)婪謀取一己私利(li)。第(di)三，沉重繁多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)賦稅，加重了(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)困苦。第(di)四(si)(si)(si)，財(cai)(cai)(cai)源枯竭(jie)，貸(dai)(dai)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)量少，導致(zhi)(zhi)了(le)財(cai)(cai)(cai)貸(dai)(dai)無(wu)(wu)法流(liu)(liu)通，“當(dang)(dang)今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世，無(wu)(wu)人不(bu)(bu)(bu)窮(qiong)(qiong)，非窮(qiong)(qiong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)財(cai)(cai)(cai)，窮(qiong)(qiong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)銀(yin)(yin)也”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·更(geng)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)》）。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)探討(tao)了(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)窮(qiong)(qiong)困的(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，提(ti)出(chu)了(le)致(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)改措施(shi)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)指(zhi)出(chu)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)邦本，為(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)首在(zai)(zai)(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。“國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)無(wu)(wu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，豈有(you)(you)(you)四(si)(si)(si)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)！封(feng)建(jian)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)固之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；府庫，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)充之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；朝廷，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；官(guan)職(zhi)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)養(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·明(ming)鑒》）只有(you)(you)(you)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豐衣(yi)足食，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)才(cai)(cai)(cai)能興旺發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)達；如果民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)貧窮(qiong)(qiong)困苦，必(bi)(bi)將導致(zhi)(zhi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)滅亡。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：立(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)無(wu)(wu)他(ta)(ta)，惟(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。自(zi)(zi)(zi)古未有(you)(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)貧而可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)者(zhe)。夫(fu)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)編戶(hu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)府庫。若編戶(hu)空(kong)虛，雖(sui)(sui)(sui)府庫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)(cai)(cai)積如丘山(shan)，實(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)貧國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)矣(yi)。（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·存(cun)言》）因(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)，立(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)庫財(cai)(cai)(cai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充盈(ying)(ying)，而在(zai)(zai)(zai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)活富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)(yu)(yu)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)強調(diao)，“治(zhi)道(dao)(dao)貴(gui)致(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)實(shi)(shi)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·權實(shi)(shi)》），實(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)致(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“財(cai)(cai)(cai)者(zhe)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)也，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)也，寶(bao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可竊(qie)，命(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可攘。”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)》）財(cai)(cai)(cai)用是生(sheng)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)立(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)惟(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)具體提(ti)出(chu)了(le)致(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)了(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)措施(shi)。首先(xian)，為(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)當(dang)(dang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為(wei)(wei)功(gong)(gong)，力(li)除(chu)(chu)(chu)棄(qi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)虐民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。他(ta)(ta)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)因(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)，立(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)庫財(cai)(cai)(cai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充盈(ying)(ying)，而在(zai)(zai)(zai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)活富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)(yu)(yu)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)強調(diao)，“治(zhi)道(dao)(dao)貴(gui)致(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)實(shi)(shi)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·權實(shi)(shi)》），實(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)致(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“財(cai)(cai)(cai)者(zhe)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)也，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)也，寶(bao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可竊(qie)，命(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可攘。”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)》）財(cai)(cai)(cai)用是生(sheng)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)立(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)惟(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)具體提(ti)出(chu)了(le)致(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)了(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)措施(shi)。首先(xian)，為(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)當(dang)(dang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為(wei)(wei)功(gong)(gong)，力(li)除(chu)(chu)(chu)棄(qi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)虐民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。他(ta)(ta)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)方針當(dang)(dang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為(wei)(wei)宗旨，“其(qi)舉(ju)事(shi)任職(zhi)雖(sui)(sui)(sui)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)過(guo)使不(bu)(bu)(bu)困窮(qiong)(qiong)而已”，“雖(sui)(sui)(sui)官(guan)有(you)(you)(you)百(bai)(bai)職(zhi)，職(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)百(bai)(bai)務，要(yao)(yao)歸(gui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)養(yang)(yang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·考功(gong)(gong)》）故唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)特別強調(diao)致(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)治(zhi)實(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)，指(zhi)出(chu)“為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圖(tu)治(zhi)，論功(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)舉(ju)賢，善(shan)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)論功(gong)(gong)，足食以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)養(yang)(yang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)”，“養(yang)(yang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)，必(bi)(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)省(sheng)官(guan)為(wei)(wei)先(xian)務”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·省(sheng)官(guan)》），卻除(chu)(chu)(chu)暴(bao)虐于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)官(guan)，重用養(yang)(yang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)廉能賢才(cai)(cai)(cai)，“廉者(zhe)必(bi)(bi)使民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)儉(jian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)豐財(cai)(cai)(cai)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)者(zhe)必(bi)(bi)使民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)勤以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厚利(li)。舉(ju)廉舉(ju)才(cai)(cai)(cai)，必(bi)(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)豐財(cai)(cai)(cai)厚利(li)為(wei)(wei)征”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·考功(gong)(gong)》）只有(you)(you)(you)君主(zhu)(zhu)官(guan)吏(li)皆去推行(xing)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)實(shi)(shi)治(zhi)實(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活才(cai)(cai)(cai)能富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)(yu)(yu)。其(qi)次，唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)提(ti)出(chu)了(le)因(yin)(yin)(yin)其(qi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)張。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“海內之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才(cai)(cai)(cai)，無(wu)(wu)土不(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)，無(wu)(wu)人不(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)”，只要(yao)(yao)“因(yin)(yin)(yin)其(qi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)而無(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)擾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而才(cai)(cai)(cai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可勝(sheng)用矣(yi)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)》）唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)否定(ding)了(le)“農(nong)本商(shang)末”的(de)(de)(de)傳統(tong)觀念，提(ti)出(chu)了(le)要(yao)(yao)使四(si)(si)(si)海民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)真正富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)(yu)(yu)，就要(yao)(yao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)、手(shou)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)和商(shang)業(ye)(ye)等多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)生(sheng)產。他(ta)(ta)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)，養(yang)(yang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)首要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大力(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)，還要(yao)(yao)全面發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)和手(shou)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)，“為(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)，必(bi)(bi)先(xian)田、市”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·普(pu)施(shi)》）。他(ta)(ta)指(zhi)出(chu)，“山(shan)林多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)材，池沼多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)魚，園多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)果蔬，欄多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)羊豕”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·達政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)》），農(nong)林牧漁全面發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)能實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)(yu)(yu)。同時，唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)大力(li)提(ti)倡種(zhong)桑養(yang)(yang)蠶(can)的(de)(de)(de)紡(fang)織業(ye)(ye)，主(zhu)(zhu)張通過(guo)商(shang)品流(liu)(liu)通，提(ti)高民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)活水(shui)平。第(di)三，唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)提(ti)出(chu)改革貸(dai)(dai)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)，促進(jin)(jin)流(liu)(liu)通的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)措施(shi)。他(ta)(ta)指(zhi)出(chu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)白(bai)銀(yin)(yin)作為(wei)(wei)貸(dai)(dai)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)，限制了(le)財(cai)(cai)(cai)貸(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)換，阻礙了(le)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。“夫(fu)財(cai)(cai)(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)聚。銀(yin)(yin)者(zhe)，易聚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物也。”要(yao)(yao)促進(jin)(jin)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)繁榮發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)(yu)(yu)，“救今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，當(dang)(dang)廢銀(yin)(yin)而用錢(qian)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·更(geng)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)》）。因(yin)(yin)(yin)此(ci)，唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)，用銅錢(qian)取代白(bai)銀(yin)(yin)，商(shang)品交(jiao)換才(cai)(cai)(cai)能更(geng)好地得以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)，并可消(xiao)除(chu)(chu)(chu)白(bai)銀(yin)(yin)易聚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弊，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)貸(dai)(dai)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)通作用。
他的(de)(de)社會政(zheng)治啟(qi)蒙思想(xiang)，集中反映在(zai)(zai)他歷30年(nian)而(er)(er)成的(de)(de)《潛(qian)書(shu)》中。是書(shu)原為《衡書(shu)》13篇(pian)，“衡”表(biao)示“志在(zai)(zai)權衡天下”之(zhi)意(yi)，后因“連(lian)蹇不(bu)遇(yu)”，只得將(jiang)其(qi)潛(qian)存起來，遂加以(yi)補充，改名為《潛(qian)書(shu)》。《潛(qian)書(shu)》共(gong)97篇(pian)論(lun)文，分為上下兩篇(pian)。上篇(pian)論(lun)學(xue)術(shu)，重在(zai)(zai)闡發“盡性”與“事功(gong)”相互統一(yi)的(de)(de)心性之(zhi)學(xue)；下篇(pian)論(lun)政(zheng)治，旨在(zai)(zai)講求實治實功(gong)抑尊(zun)富民的(de)(de)治世之(zhi)術(shu)。潘耒(lei)稱其(qi)“論(lun)學(xue)術(shu)則尊(zun)孟宗(zong)王，貴心得，賤口耳，痛排(pai)俗學(xue)之(zhi)陋；論(lun)治道則崇儉(jian)尚樸，損(sun)勢抑威，省(sheng)大吏(li)，汰冗官，欲君民相親如一(yi)家，乃可(ke)為治。”（《潛(qian)書(shu)·潘序》）因此，《潛(qian)書(shu)》“上觀(guan)天道，下察人事，遠(yuan)正古跡，近度今宜，根(gen)于(yu)心而(er)(er)致之(zhi)行，如在(zai)(zai)其(qi)位而(er)(er)謀其(qi)政(zheng)。”（《潛(qian)書(shu)·潛(qian)存》）是書(shu)不(bu)僅奠定了(le)唐甄在(zai)(zai)清初(chu)啟(qi)蒙思潮中的(de)(de)歷史地位，而(er)(er)且對(dui)當(dang)時的(de)(de)儒(ru)學(xue)思想(xiang)發展也產生了(le)深遠(yuan)的(de)(de)影響。
唐甄(zhen)(zhen)思(si)想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另一(yi)(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)要組成部分，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)在(zai)對傳(chuan)統(tong)儒(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反思(si)認(ren)(ren)識中(zhong)，提出了(le)(le)(le)(le)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)相互統(tong)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)說(shuo)(shuo)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)繼(ji)承發(fa)揚(yang)了(le)(le)(le)(le)從孟子(zi)(zi)到王(wang)(wang)守仁(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)思(si)想(xiang)，尖銳批判了(le)(le)(le)(le)程(cheng)朱理學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)末流只(zhi)(zhi)談心(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)重(zhong)(zhong)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空疏陋習(xi)(xi)。唐甄(zhen)(zhen)最為(wei)(wei)(wei)推崇孟子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想(xiang)，孟子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想(xiang)具(ju)體地(di)(di)涵蓋(gai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)“圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理論，“甄(zhen)(zhen)雖不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敏，愿(yuan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)孟子(zi)(zi)焉。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)存(cun)》）同時，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)又認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，自(zi)孟子(zi)(zi)以(yi)后，最能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)領悟圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)，當推陸九淵、王(wang)(wang)守仁(ren)(ren)二人(ren)(ren)。孟子(zi)(zi)、陸九淵、王(wang)(wang)守仁(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)什么能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠執圣(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)樞、得(de)圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，唐甄(zhen)(zhen)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)這就(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“堯舜以(yi)來，傳(chuan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)以(yi)傳(chuan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·宗(zong)孟》），唯(wei)有(you)(you)(you)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)得(de)識圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)問之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)入們。因(yin)此(ci)(ci)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)在(zai)繼(ji)承了(le)(le)(le)(le)孟子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)心(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”和王(wang)(wang)守仁(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)良知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)思(si)想(xiang)上(shang)(shang)，又進一(yi)(yi)步闡發(fa)了(le)(le)(le)(le)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)理論。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，良知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、心(xin)(xin)(xin)、性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個東西，綜(zong)合(he)(he)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)”，“道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)由心(xin)(xin)(xin)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)由外致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·格定(ding)》），“天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)與(yu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)際(ji)，心(xin)(xin)(xin)與(yu)天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)際(ji)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·敬修(xiu)(xiu)》）。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)統(tong)天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)，備萬(wan)物(wu)”，“心(xin)(xin)(xin)具(ju)天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)，統(tong)萬(wan)物(wu)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·良功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》）。性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)仁(ren)(ren)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)智(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，“四(si)德(de)我(wo)自(zi)所有(you)(you)(you)，非(fei)由外鑠”，以(yi)仁(ren)(ren)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)智(zhi)以(yi)合(he)(he)于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)萬(wan)物(wu)，即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)心(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，始乃(nai)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，“良知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，本(ben)(ben)心(xin)(xin)(xin)乃(nai)見(jian)(jian)，仁(ren)(ren)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)智(zhi)俱為(wei)(wei)(wei)實(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”，實(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)即(ji)(ji)表(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“仁(ren)(ren)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)濟天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)”，“義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)制(zhi)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)”，“禮(li)(li)(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)范(fan)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)”，“智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)周天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·宗(zong)孟》）。唐甄(zhen)(zhen)指(zhi)出，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)仁(ren)(ren)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)智(zhi)四(si)德(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，以(yi)合(he)(he)于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)萬(wan)物(wu)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儒(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)思(si)想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)質特征(zheng)，經世(shi)(shi)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)、救世(shi)(shi)治(zhi)(zhi)民才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本(ben)(ben)宗(zong)旨(zhi)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“儒(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)貴者(zhe)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)定(ding)亂、除(chu)暴、安百姓也(ye)。若(ruo)(ruo)儒(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)……但(dan)(dan)取(qu)(qu)自(zi)完，何以(yi)異于(yu)(yu)匹夫匹婦乎？”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·辨(bian)儒(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)》）因(yin)此(ci)(ci)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)既批判了(le)(le)(le)(le)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)家只(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)“養生(sheng)”和佛家但(dan)(dan)求“明(ming)死(si)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出世(shi)(shi)思(si)想(xiang)，又著重(zhong)(zhong)揭斥(chi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)程(cheng)朱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)“但(dan)(dan)明(ming)己性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，無(wu)救于(yu)(yu)世(shi)(shi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空疏陋習(xi)(xi)。唐甄(zhen)(zhen)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)二者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可割(ge)裂(lie)，而(er)(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)彼(bi)此(ci)(ci)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)，“修(xiu)(xiu)非(fei)內(nei)也(ye)，功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)非(fei)外也(ye)”，“自(zi)內(nei)外分，仲尼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)裂(lie)矣，民不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)矣”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·良功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》），“修(xiu)(xiu)身(shen)(shen)治(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)帶，取(qu)(qu)修(xiu)(xiu)身(shen)(shen)割(ge)治(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成治(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)修(xiu)(xiu)身(shen)(shen)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》），不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)修(xiu)(xiu)其(qi)(qi)身(shen)(shen)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)治(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)；只(zhi)(zhi)修(xiu)(xiu)其(qi)(qi)身(shen)(shen)，亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)治(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)。盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相互統(tong)一(yi)(yi)彼(bi)此(ci)(ci)融(rong)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，裂(lie)一(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)其(qi)(qi)半。故他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，程(cheng)朱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)實(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)窮(qiong)(qiong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原，有(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)于(yu)(yu)儒(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)家學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)說(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，但(dan)(dan)它只(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)重(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，“精內(nei)而(er)(er)(er)遺外”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·有(you)(you)(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)》），“彼(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)見(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，未能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)》），有(you)(you)(you)違(wei)于(yu)(yu)儒(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本(ben)(ben)宗(zong)旨(zhi)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們“終日言(yan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，而(er)(er)(er)卒不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)識性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所在(zai)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·宗(zong)孟》），“今(jin)于(yu)(yu)內(nei)其(qi)(qi)精致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，于(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)外若(ruo)(ruo)遺若(ruo)(ruo)忘……名為(wei)(wei)(wei)治(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)，實(shi)非(fei)治(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)，即(ji)(ji)非(fei)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》）唐甄(zhen)(zhen)指(zhi)出，程(cheng)朱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，舍(she)治(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)求盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)己之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，亦無(wu)益于(yu)(yu)社會民生(sheng)。如何盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)？唐甄(zhen)(zhen)提出了(le)(le)(le)(le)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)合(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想(xiang)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“世(shi)(shi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)德(de)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)”，性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與(yu)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)二者(zhe)同出一(yi)(yi)源而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可分，“盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)其(qi)(qi)本(ben)(ben)體，其(qi)(qi)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)自(zi)見(jian)(jian)”，才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。因(yin)此(ci)(ci)，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)即(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，發(fa)揮(hui)出性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，言(yan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)必(bi)言(yan)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，言(yan)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)必(bi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)發(fa)揮(hui)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。“四(si)德(de)無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，必(bi)其(qi)(qi)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充；才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充，必(bi)其(qi)(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)未盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。”唯(wei)有(you)(you)(you)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)心(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，始能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)充才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，“心(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)，則事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)達；事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)達，則所見(jian)(jian)多(duo)(duo)乖(guai)，所行(xing)(xing)(xing)多(duo)(duo)泥”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)》）。 唐甄(zhen)(zhen)指(zhi)出，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)表(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)依賴于(yu)(yu)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，非(fei)圣(sheng)；功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)(jian)，非(fei)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·有(you)(you)(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)》）仁(ren)(ren)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)智(zhi)四(si)德(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian).在(zai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)本(ben)(ben)身(shen)(shen)，而(er)(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian).在(zai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)上(shang)(shang)，通過性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，體現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian).在(zai)對天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)萬(wan)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)上(shang)(shang)。故他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“仁(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，內(nei)存(cun)未見(jian)(jian)，外行(xing)(xing)(xing)乃(nai)見(jian)(jian)；心(xin)(xin)(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未見(jian)(jian)，物(wu)受乃(nai)見(jian)(jian)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)》）事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)乃(nai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，“事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成，功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)立，又奚貴無(wu)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如委其(qi)(qi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)而(er)(er)(er)放之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·辨(bian)儒(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)》）因(yin)此(ci)(ci)，唐甄(zhen)(zhen)特別重(zhong)(zhong)視王(wang)(wang)守仁(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)合(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)二，雖知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)猶無(wu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，雖致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)猶不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)合(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)者(zhe)，致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)》）知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)合(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)；盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儒(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)者(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)儒(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)治(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“我(wo)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)仁(ren)(ren)，必(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)育(yu)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)；我(wo)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，必(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)裁天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)；我(wo)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)，必(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)匡天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)；我(wo)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)智(zhi)，必(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)照(zhao)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)》）唯(wei)有(you)(you)(you)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)展示(shi)儒(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)“窮(qiong)(qiong)理盡(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)以(yi)至于(yu)(yu)命(ming)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成己成物(wu)、內(nei)圣(sheng)外王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。總之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，唐甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想(xiang)對近代社會啟蒙(meng)思(si)潮產生(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)積極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。
唐甄在經濟生活方面，原有土地七十畝，可收租四十一石，江南稅重，清朝市井圖要(yao)納賦稅二十(shi)石，去(qu)其(qi)收入一半，不足維持家計。遂賣去(qu)土地，以所(suo)入款項六(liu)十(shi)多(duo)兩銀，從(cong)事商(shang)販，遂得粗安(an)。同時，由于(yu)其(qi)祖父唐(tang)自踩(cai)“居官(guan)廉，多(duo)惠政，尤(you)振興文教”，父親唐(tang)階(jie)泰，剛毅明達，“當(dang)是時，朋黨(dang)附勢相傾”，而“參議(階(jie)泰)獨立無(wu)所(suo)與(yu)”，唐(tang)甄出身于(yu)這樣(yang)的(de)(de)家庭(ting)環境的(de)(de)教養下，他(ta)的(de)(de)做人，出處(chu)進退，如鳳皇芝草，他(ta)的(de)(de)為文，提出了(le)許多(duo)進步的(de)(de)經濟政治(zhi)觀點和主(zhu)張(zhang)，這當(dang)然(ran)(ran)不是偶然(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)了(le)。
唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)重(zhong)(zhong)視理(li)財(cai)(cai)(cai)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本經(jing)濟觀點，則(ze)在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“財(cai)(cai)(cai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶也(ye)(ye)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)也(ye)(ye)。寶不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)竊(qie)，命(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)攘。圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)姓為(wei)子(zi)孫(sun)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)四(si)海(hai)為(wei)府庫，無(wu)有(you)(you)竊(qie)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)寶而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)攘其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)命(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)室(shi)皆盈，婦(fu)子(zi)皆寧。反其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，輸(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)悻臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)，藏(zang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)巨室(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)窟，蠹多(duo)則(ze)樹槁，癰(yong)肥則(ze)體敝(bi)，此窮(qiong)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源，治(zhi)亂(luan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分也(ye)(ye)。”從唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)眼光看(kan)來，財(cai)(cai)(cai)必(bi)存之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。國(guo)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)必(bi)先民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。只(zhi)有(you)(you)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)，才能(neng)(neng)(neng)使國(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)經(jing)濟富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕起來。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)堅決反對統治(zhi)階(jie)(jie)級以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)豪強巨室(shi)對民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)間財(cai)(cai)(cai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)虐(nve)(nve)(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“虐(nve)(nve)(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一金(jin)(jin)，喪(sang)(sang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)金(jin)(jin)：取(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一室(shi)，喪(sang)(sang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)室(shi)。充東門(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)，有(you)(you)鬻羊餐(can)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，業之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)世(shi)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)妻子(zi)傭走(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬，食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)十(shi)(shi)(shi)馀(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。或誣其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)盜羊，罰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)石(shi)粟(su)。上(shang)(shang)獵其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一，下(xia)(xia)(xia)攘其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)，盡鬻其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)釜甑(zeng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)未(wei)足也(ye)(ye)，遂失業而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)乞于(yu)(yu)(yu)道(dao)(dao)。此取(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一金(jin)(jin)，喪(sang)(sang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)金(jin)(jin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。潞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中有(you)(you)苗(miao)氏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)鐵治(zhi)，業之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)世(shi)。多(duo)致(zhi)四(si)方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賈，椎鑿(zao)鼓瀉擔(dan)挽，所(suo)(suo)(suo)藉而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，常百(bai)馀(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。或誣其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)盜，上(shang)(shang)獵其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一，下(xia)(xia)(xia)攘其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)治(zhi)遂廢。向之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藉而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，無(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)得食，皆流亡(wang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)河漳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)。此取(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一室(shi)，喪(sang)(sang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)室(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。”由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)氏在(zai)(zai)山(shan)西(xi)長子(zi)縣做的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)個小(xiao)官，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)對于(yu)(yu)(yu)貧農(nong)小(xiao)商生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活體會(hui)較(jiao)深。且小(xiao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，周圍關系(xi)甚(shen)多(duo)，彼(bi)此影響很(hen)大(da)。一人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)受害，數(shu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)受累。指出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)虐(nve)(nve)(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良結果，下(xia)(xia)(xia)面(mian)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)又和不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)虐(nve)(nve)(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做了(le)個比較(jiao)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)接著說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“虐(nve)(nve)(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)是(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)取(qu)(qu)(qu)反是(shi)。隴(long)右牧羊，河北育(yu)豕，淮(huai)南飼鶩，湖(hu)濱繅絲，吳鄉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，編蓑織席，皆至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)微之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業也(ye)(ye)。然而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)日息歲(sui)(sui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)勝(sheng)算。此皆操一金(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)，可(ke)致(zhi)百(bai)金(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。里(li)有(you)(you)千(qian)金(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)，嫁女娶婦(fu)，死喪(sang)(sang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)慶，疾(ji)病醫禱，燕飲(yin)裔愧，魚(yu)肉果蔬椒桂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)，與之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)市(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)眾(zhong)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。緡錢緇(zi)銀，市(shi)(shi)販貸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，石(shi)麥斛米(mi)，佃農(nong)貸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，匹布尺(chi)帛，鄰(lin)里(li)黨戚貸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；所(suo)(suo)(suo)賴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)眾(zhong)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。此藉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)可(ke)為(wei)百(bai)室(shi)養者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。海(hai)內之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)(cai)(cai)，無(wu)土不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)產(chan)，無(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)；歲(sui)(sui)月不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)計(ji)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)自足，貧富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)謀(mou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)相(xiang)資(zi)。是(shi)故圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)無(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)財(cai)(cai)(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)術(shu)。因其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)自然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)擾(rao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)財(cai)(cai)(cai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)勝(sheng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。”唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)“歲(sui)(sui)月不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)計(ji)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)自足，貧富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)謀(mou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)相(xiang)資(zi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提法，是(shi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)分有(you)(you)見解的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。今(jin).日有(you)(you)一個千(qian)金(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)，明.日就可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)數(shu)個千(qian)金(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)，后.日就可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)百(bai)個千(qian)金(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)從聯系(xi)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點看(kan)問題(ti)，是(shi)有(you)(you)進(jin)(jin)步意義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)植(zhi)柳為(wei)例，主(zhu)張植(zhi)柳，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)折枝(zhi)(zhi)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)接著說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“今(jin)夫(fu)柳，天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)易(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)也(ye)(ye)；折尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枝(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)植(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過三(san)年而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)成樹。歲(sui)(sui)剪其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)枝(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)筐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)防(fang)河之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)掃。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)勝(sheng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)無(wu)窮(qiong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)”，皆自尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枝(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。若其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)始(shi)植(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)，有(you)(you)童子(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)拔而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)棄(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。安望(wang)歲(sui)(sui)剪其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)枝(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)哉！其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)無(wu)窮(qiong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，皆自尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枝(zhi)(zhi)絕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)擾(rao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，植(zhi)枝(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)已也(ye)(ye)；虐(nve)(nve)(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，拔枝(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)，絕其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)(ye)”。那末，虐(nve)(nve)(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，究(jiu)竟是(shi)誰呢(ni)?依照(zhao)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意思，是(shi)些(xie)貪(tan)官污吏(li)(li)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)比盜賊(zei)(穴墻而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)入者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe))，暴徒(群(qun)刃(ren)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)進(jin)(jin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe))、道(dao)(dao)劃(御(yu)旅(lv)于(yu)(yu)(yu)途者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe))、伙寇(寇至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)誅者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe))都(dou)要(yao)兇狠得多(duo)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)是(shi)：既(ji)亡(wang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)，復(fu)取(qu)(qu)(qu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)亡(wang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)取(qu)(qu)(qu)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)填(tian)壑(he)谷(gu)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)自問自答地(di)(di)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)害莫如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)貪(tan)，蓋十(shi)(shi)(shi)百(bai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)重(zhong)(zhong)賦(fu)焉(yan)。穴墻而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)入者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)盡人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密藏(zang)。群(qun)刃(ren)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)進(jin)(jin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)奪人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)宅，御(yu)旅(lv)于(yu)(yu)(yu)途者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)破人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)室(shi)，寇至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誅焚者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)窮(qiong)山(shan)谷(gu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)偏四(si)海(hai)。彼(bi)為(wei)吏(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，星列于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，日夜獵人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)(cai)(cai)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)獲(huo)既(ji)多(duo)，則(ze)有(you)(you)陵己者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)負篋(qie)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)去。既(ji)亡(wang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)，復(fu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)亡(wang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)取(qu)(qu)(qu)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)填(tian)壑(he)谷(gu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)滿(man)也(ye)(ye)。寇不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)盡世(shi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毒于(yu)(yu)(yu)貪(tan)吏(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，無(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)逃(tao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間。”問題(ti)值得深思的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)：由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)社會(hui)風(feng)氣不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)正(zheng)，就會(hui)使是(shi)非顛倒，黑白(bai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)壞風(feng)氣，腐蝕人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思想很(hen)深，千(qian)萬(wan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)低(di)估。那些(xie)貪(tan)官，反被社會(hui)上(shang)(shang)視為(wei)“能(neng)(neng)(neng)吏(li)(li)”。“市(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)慕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，鄉黨尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，教子(zi)弟者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)勸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。反之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，那些(xie)廉吏(li)(li)，反被社會(hui)上(shang)(shang)視為(wei)“無(wu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)”。“市(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)賤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，鄉黨笑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，教子(zi)弟者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)戒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)十(shi)(shi)(shi)分感慨地(di)(di)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“蓋貪(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錮人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)心也(ye)(ye)甚(shen)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)！”那么，到(dao)底如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)何治(zhi)貧，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)何改(gai)變這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)呢(ni)？依照(zhao)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意思，必(bi)須由(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)下(xia)(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)來改(gai)變這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)風(feng)氣。“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)君能(neng)(neng)(neng)儉，則(ze)百(bai)官化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，庶(shu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)就正(zheng)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)孟子(zi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)好(hao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)下(xia)(xia)(xia)必(bi)有(you)(you)甚(shen)焉(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)一種(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)教育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法來移風(feng)易(yi)俗(su)。當然，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)想法基本上(shang)(shang)是(shi)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。但(dan)(dan)是(shi)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)還不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)理(li)解，在(zai)(zai)封建(jian)社會(hui)中，使統治(zhi)階(jie)(jie)級及(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)追隨者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)們(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)剝削人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)根本辦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)為(wei)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)自己所(suo)(suo)(suo)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)(jie)級所(suo)(suo)(suo)決定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)依人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意志(zhi)為(wei)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。退(tui)一步說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，即使能(neng)(neng)(neng)做到(dao)上(shang)(shang)行下(xia)(xia)(xia)效，在(zai)(zai)階(jie)(jie)級社會(hui)中，小(xiao)商品生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)本身也(ye)(ye)要(yao)兩極分化(hua)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)所(suo)(suo)(suo)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，重(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認為(wei)未(wei)有(you)(you)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)貧而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“立(li)國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)無(wu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)，惟在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。自古未(wei)有(you)(you)國(guo)貧而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)國(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。夫(fu)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)編戶，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)府庫。若編戶空(kong)虛，雖府庫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)(cai)(cai)積(ji)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)丘山(shan)，實為(wei)貧國(guo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)國(guo)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。”唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)是(shi)一個具有(you)(you)較(jiao)強烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新興市(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)意識的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)啟蒙思想家(jia)(jia)(jia)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)看(kan)到(dao)財(cai)(cai)(cai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)積(ji)累的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)性，但(dan)(dan)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)資(zi)料為(wei)誰所(suo)(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)上(shang)(shang)，認識是(shi)極模糊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)甚(shen)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“千(qian)金(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)惠(hui)戚友，五倍(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)惠(hui)鄰(lin)里(li)，十(shi)(shi)(shi)倍(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)惠(hui)鄉黨，百(bai)倍(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)惠(hui)國(guo)邑；天(tian)(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可(ke)惠(hui)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)。”他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認為(wei)“為(wei)政(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)，必(bi)先田(tian)市(shi)(shi)。”只(zhi)要(yao)“農(nong)安于(yu)(yu)(yu)田(tian)，賈安于(yu)(yu)(yu)市(shi)(shi)”則(ze)“財(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)足”。否則(ze)“農(nong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安田(tian)，賈不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安市(shi)(shi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)必(bi)貧。”唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，雖有(you)(you)時(shi)代局限性，但(dan)(dan)看(kan)法閎肆峭勁，盲人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢言，自成一家(jia)(jia)(jia)，當之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)愧。
唐甄(zhen)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)質經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)生(sheng)活，除谷物(wu)生(sheng)產外，在農(nong)(nong)(nong)，林，牧、副，漁中，他(ta)(ta)(ta)尤(you)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)(shi)(shi)養蠶(can)(can)(can)業(ye)。這和他(ta)(ta)(ta)曾任長子縣知縣以及(ji)他(ta)(ta)(ta)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)(shi)(shi)事物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)哲學觀是分不(bu)(bu)開的(de)(de)(de)(de)。《教(jiao)蠶(can)(can)(can)》云：“吳(wu)絲衣天下，聚于(yu)雙林，吳(wu)越閩番至(zhi)于(yu)海(hai)島，皆來(lai)市焉。五月(yue)，載銀而(er)(er)至(zhi)，委(wei)積(ji)如瓦礫。吳(wu)南諸(zhu)鄉。歲有(you)(you)百(bai)十(shi)(shi)萬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)益。是以雖賦(fu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)困窮，民未至(zhi)于(yu)空虛，室廬(lu)舟楫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)繁庶，勝(sheng)于(yu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)所。此(ci)(ci)蠶(can)(can)(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厚也。四月(yue)務蠶(can)(can)(can)，無(wu)(wu)男女老幼，蘋(pin)力靡他(ta)(ta)(ta)。無(wu)(wu)稅無(wu)(wu)荒，以三旬(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)。無(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)四時(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久，而(er)(er)半其(qi)利(li)(li)。此(ci)(ci)蠶(can)(can)(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)貴也。”可(ke)(ke)(ke)見他(ta)(ta)(ta)十(shi)(shi)分重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)(shi)(shi)蠶(can)(can)(can)桑(sang)(sang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)為，養蠶(can)(can)(can)“以三旬(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)，無(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)時(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久，而(er)(er)半其(qi)利(li)(li)。”也就(jiu)是說(shuo)(shuo)，只花(hua)費三十(shi)(shi)天的(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動，就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)獲得(de)(de)半于(yu)耕種之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)。因此(ci)(ci)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)主張(zhang)，不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)廢海(hai)內無(wu)(wu)窮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)，使民不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)厚其(qi)生(sheng)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)接著說(shuo)(shuo)：“三代(dai)以下，廢海(hai)內無(wu)(wu)窮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)，使民不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)厚其(qi)生(sheng)，乃患民貪(tan)，生(sheng)財無(wu)(wu)術。是猶家(jia)有(you)(you)寶藏而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)知發，而(er)(er)汲汲臘(la)腌果蔬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是鬻也。盍亦(yi)謀諸(zhu)此(ci)(ci)與！吾欲使桑(sang)(sang)偏海(hai)內，有(you)(you)禾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土必有(you)(you)桑(sang)(sang)焉！然亦(yi)非易也！”其(qi)原因就(jiu)是“安之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久者(zhe)難創，習之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慣者(zhe)難作。約法(fa)而(er)(er)民不(bu)(bu)信，施教(jiao)而(er)(er)民不(bu)(bu)從，則(ze)樹(shu)殖亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)就(jiu)。”欲達(da)到(dao)(dao)家(jia)家(jia)有(you)(you)桑(sang)(sang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)種，則(ze)必須除政(zheng)府帶(dai)頭提(ti)倡外，要獎勤(qin)罰(fa)懶。對人民群眾獎懲的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準，不(bu)(bu)是依據領導的(de)(de)(de)(de)好惡(e)，而(er)(er)是取(qu)決(jue)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)好壞。勤(qin)者(zhe)，生(sheng)產多(duo)(duo)，則(ze)獎勵；惰者(zhe)，生(sheng)產少，則(ze)懲罰(fa)。賞罰(fa)嚴明，自(zi)然會促進(jin)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高，副業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展，對國民經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)促進(jin)有(you)(you)直接的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系。要做到(dao)(dao)這些，首先(xian)要人盡(jin)其(qi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)，地(di)盡(jin)其(qi)利(li)(li)。然后才能談到(dao)(dao)推廣合(he)理密植。改(gai)進(jin)蠶(can)(can)(can)種繅(sao)絲等。在江南一帶(dai)，大都為桑(sang)(sang)蠶(can)(can)(can)種場，不(bu)(bu)象山東，河(he)南，還(huan)有(you)(you)很(hen)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)柞蠶(can)(can)(can)種場及(ji)蓖麻(ma)蠶(can)(can)(can)種場。這就(jiu)要因地(di)制宜。唐甄(zhen)是一個重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)思(si)(si)想家(jia)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)十(shi)(shi)分重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)(shi)(shi)勤(qin)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)致富。唐甄(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)思(si)(si)想，和清代(dai)其(qi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)人比(bi)較(jiao)起來(lai)，思(si)(si)想還(huan)是比(bi)較(jiao)解放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。其(qi)言經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)則(ze)注重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)產，棉桑(sang)(sang)樹(shu)牧富民為先(xian)，返樸崇儉，無(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)益于(yu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)國濟(ji)世。誠(cheng)如張(zhang)廷樞所說(shuo)(shuo)：“其(qi)文(wen)馳(chi)騁反復，如列子御風，翩然騫(qian)舉，又(you)如淮陰(yin)將兵，多(duo)(duo)多(duo)(duo)益善。本其(qi)自(zi)得(de)(de)于(yu)心(xin)者(zhe)，暢所欲言，無(wu)(wu)艱難勞(lao)(lao)(lao)苦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)態，而(er)(er)與道大適。”實乃公允(yun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)論(lun)。
唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)重(zhong)視商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)反(fan)對過(guo)去傳統的(de)(de)抑商(shang)(shang)(shang)政(zheng)(zheng)策。在(zai)(zai)唐(tang)(tang)氏看(kan)來，商(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)的(de)(de)地位，并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)比農民(min)低(di)些。他(ta)(ta)(ta)自(zi)己(ji)就經(jing)營商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)。而且(qie)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)自(zi)卑。下(xia)(xia)面(mian)是(shi)(shi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)自(zi)己(ji)在(zai)(zai)現身說(shuo)法：“有(you)(you)言經(jing)可賈(jia)者。于是(shi)(shi)賤鬻(yu)其(qi)田，得六(liu)十(shi)余(yu)金，使衷(zhong)及原販于震澤，賣(mai)于吳市，有(you)(you)少利焉。己(ji)而經(jing)之(zhi)得失不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)常，乃遷于城東，虛其(qi)堂，己(ji)居(ju)(ju)于內不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)出，使衷(zhong)原為(wei)(wei)(wei)矛(mao)，主(zhu)經(jing)客，有(you)(you)少利焉。在(zai)(zai)唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)看(kan)來，經(jing)商(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)牙(ya)，亦救死之(zhi)術，沒有(you)(you)什(shen)么不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)體面(mian)的(de)(de)地方，至于一般社會(hui)上的(de)(de)陳(chen)舊看(kan)法，說(shuo)什(shen)么“民(min)之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)道(dao)，土(tu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)貴，農次之(zhi)，惟賈(jia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)。賈(jia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)者，為(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)利也(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)故(gu)君子不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言貨幣，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)問贏絀。一涉于此(ci)，謂之(zhi)賈(jia)風(feng)，必(bi)深(shen)恥之(zhi)。”又(you)說(shuo)什(shen)么“夫賈(jia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)，牙(ya)為(wei)(wei)(wei)尤下(xia)(xia)，”這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種賤視商(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)的(de)(de)觀點，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同意的(de)(de)。既然呂尚可以賣(mai)飯于盂(yu)津，那么唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)牙(ya)于吳市，又(you)有(you)(you)什(shen)么不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可呢(ni)?“其(qi)義一也(ye)(ye)”。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)每以田市并列，農賈(jia)并稱。他(ta)(ta)(ta)在(zai)(zai)《達政(zheng)(zheng)》中說(shuo)：“養(yang)民(min)之(zhi)善(shan)(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)，十(shi)有(you)(you)八焉：勸農豐谷，土(tu)田不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)荒蕪，為(wei)(wei)(wei)上善(shan)(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)一。……居(ju)(ju)貨不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)棄(qi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)賈(jia)如歸(gui)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)中善(shan)(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)一……學校殿廡常新，春秋(qiu)享祀必(bi)敬，為(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)善(shan)(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)一。……”這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)可以反(fan)映(ying)唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)對善(shan)(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)看(kan)法是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)他(ta)(ta)(ta)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)標準(zhun)的(de)(de)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)把“居(ju)(ju)貨不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欺(qi)，商(shang)(shang)(shang)賈(jia)如歸(gui)”列為(wei)(wei)(wei)中善(shan)(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)一。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)又(you)在(zai)(zai)《太子》篇(pian)內這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣說(shuo)，“凡(fan)教(jiao)太子，觀于桑(sang)，則知衣服所自(zi)出，觀于肆(si)，則知器(qi)用所自(zi)出。凡(fan)教(jiao)太子，過(guo)市，則見(jian)販鬻(yu)之(zhi)勞，在(zai)(zai)途，則見(jian)負(fu)擔之(zhi)勞。……”如果他(ta)(ta)(ta)輕視工商(shang)(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)者，又(you)怎樣會(hui)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣說(shuo)呢(ni)?他(ta)(ta)(ta)是(shi)(shi)肯定了商(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)有(you)(you)“販鬻(yu)之(zhi)勞”的(de)(de)。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)觀點是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)十(shi)七世紀上半期(qi)形成的(de)(de)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)時(shi)期(qi)，正是(shi)(shi)中國社會(hui)劇烈變化的(de)(de)時(shi)代(dai)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)資本主(zhu)義萌芽(ya)的(de)(de)最初形態，已(yi)稀疏地出現.在(zai)(zai)東南沿海一帶(dai)一些個(ge)別城市的(de)(de)手工業(ye)(ye)生產部(bu)門中，然后緩(huan)慢地通過(guo)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣或那樣的(de)(de)形式(shi)滲(shen)透農業(ye)(ye)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)部(bu)門中。在(zai)(zai)歐洲，人(ren)們見(jian)到的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)‘資本主(zhu)義生產方式(shi)開始于手工業(ye)(ye)，只是(shi)(shi)到后來才(cai)使農業(ye)(ye)從屑于自(zi)己(ji)。”這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一情況，中國亦毫無例外。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)正處在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一時(shi)期(qi)，因此(ci)他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)思想就不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)打著時(shi)代(dai)的(de)(de)烙印(yin)。
唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)觀(guan)，充(chong)分(fen)表(biao)露在(zai)他所(suo)(suo)寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《更幣(bi)(bi)(bi)》、《存言》等篇中。為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)弄清(qing)(qing)(qing)清(qing)(qing)(qing)朝貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)經濟(ji)思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)來龍去脈，有(you)(you)必(bi)(bi)(bi)要把(ba)他所(suo)(suo)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)代(dai)背景作(zuo)一(yi)(yi)簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回顧(gu)(gu)。清(qing)(qing)(qing)朝入關后，給(gei)(gei)東南(nan)(nan)沿海(hai)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)人(ren)民(min)帶(dai)來了(le)極其(qi)沉重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)災難(nan)(nan)(nan)。這(zhe)(zhe)就不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)引(yin)起(qi)廣大人(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)抗斗(dou)爭，而(er)(er)且持續達數(shu)十(shi)年之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久。江南(nan)(nan)人(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)剃發斗(dou)爭，閩廣人(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)遷(qian)海(hai)斗(dou)爭，引(yin)起(qi)巨烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方動(dong)亂，貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)貶值，物價高(gao)漲，民(min)風日(ri)玩，尊稱漸褻。特(te)別是(shi)(shi)與(yu)人(ren)民(min)群眾日(ri)常生活(huo)有(you)(you)血肉(rou)相連的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物價問(wen)(wen)題(ti)與(yu)貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)廣大群眾最(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)關心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)對貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)主(zhu)張(zhang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)而(er)(er)廢銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。他說(shuo)：“古者言富(fu)，唯在(zai)五(wu)谷；至于市(shi)(shi)易(yi)，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)龜、貝、金(jin)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)、刀(dao)布之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)。其(qi)后以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)金(jin)三品，亦(yi)重在(zai)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。后乃專(zhuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，而(er)(er)珠(zhu)、玉、龜、貝、銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)、錫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬，但為(wei)(wei)(wei)器用(yong)(yong)(yong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)。自明以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來，乃專(zhuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。至于今(jin)，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)日(ri)益(yi)(yi)少(shao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)世(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。有(you)(you)千金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產者常旬月(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見銖(zhu)兩；谷賤不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)飯，肉(rou)贖不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)食，布帛(bo)賤不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)衣(yi)，鬻谷肉(rou)布帛(bo)者亦(yi)卒不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)衣(yi)食，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)少(shao)故也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)少(shao)，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)價昂(ang)；價昂(ang)，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)得(de)；不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)得(de)，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)百(bai)貨(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)，百(bai)貨(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)良(liang)(liang)賈失(shi)業?良(liang)(liang)賈失(shi)業，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)市(shi)(shi)場蕭條。最(zui)終是(shi)(shi)引(yin)起(qi)經濟(ji)恐慌(huang)和惡性(xing)循環。他說(shuo)：“當(dang)今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)，無(wu)人(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)窮(qiong)，非窮(qiong)于財，窮(qiong)于銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。于是(shi)(shi)楓橋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)市(shi)(shi)，粟麥壅積(ji)，南(nan)(nan)濠(hao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)市(shi)(shi)。百(bai)貨(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)；良(liang)(liang)賈失(shi)業，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)旋(xuan)歸。萬金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)五(wu)七年而(er)(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)宴(yan)人(ren)者，子既(ji)數(shu)見之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。”其(qi)實(shi)，這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，許多(duo)啟蒙(meng)思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)家(jia)和唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)觀(guan)點是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。顧(gu)(gu)炎武(wu)就這(zhe)(zhe)樣說(shuo)過：“唐(tang)(tang)(tang)宋(song)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前，上(shang)(shang)下通行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貨(huo)(huo)，一(yi)(yi)皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)而(er)(er)已(yi)，未嘗用(yong)(yong)(yong)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。”顧(gu)(gu)氏(shi)主(zhu)張(zhang)，實(shi)與(yu)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)氏(shi)相同。此外顧(gu)(gu)氏(shi)尚(shang)有(you)(you)《明錢(qian)(qian)(qian)法(fa)論》、《以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)賦(fu)》等，皆(jie)主(zhu)行(xing)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)什(shen)么(me)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)反(fan)對用(yong)(yong)(yong)白(bai)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)呢?根據(ju)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)氏(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)看(kan)法(fa)，其(qi)理由(you)有(you)(you)三：一(yi)(yi)，白(bai)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)缺少(shao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠周轉。正(zheng)如上(shang)(shang)文所(suo)(suo)言，“至于今(jin)，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)日(ri)益(yi)(yi)少(shao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)世(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，”如此等等。二，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)易(yi)窖藏，民(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)得(de)。“夫財之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)在(zai)聚(ju)，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)者，易(yi)聚(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物也(ye)(ye)(ye)，范(fan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)圜定(ding)，旋(xuan)絲白(bai)燦，人(ren)所(suo)(suo)貪愛。……蓋(gai)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)易(yi)聚(ju)，如水歸壑。”三、銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)錫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)。他認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)只可(ke)(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)器用(yong)(yong)(yong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)。此與(yu)顧(gu)(gu)炎武(wu)所(suo)(suo)言同。依照(zhao)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)觀(guan)點，應當(dang)廢銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)用(yong)(yong)(yong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谷為(wei)(wei)(wei)本以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)輔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通其(qi)市(shi)(shi)易(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”他認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)獨行(xing)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，還要大量(liang)鑄制(zhi)，大量(liang)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)，他對市(shi)(shi)場上(shang)(shang)貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)收縮，十(shi)分(fen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滿。他說(shuo)：“今(jin)雖用(yong)(yong)(yong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)易(yi)魚肉(rou)果(guo)蔬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物，米石(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，布帛(bo)匹以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)必(bi)(bi)(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，涓(juan)(juan)涓(juan)(juan)細(xi)流(liu)，奚補(bu)于世(shi)?!錢(qian)(qian)(qian)者，泉(quan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，必(bi)(bi)(bi)如江河之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)而(er)(er)后可(ke)(ke)博濟(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”但是(shi)(shi)，就唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)觀(guan)來看(kan)，他本身(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)矛(mao)盾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。他主(zhu)張(zhang)廢銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)用(yong)(yong)(yong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。這(zhe)(zhe)和西歐重商主(zhu)義者重視金(jin)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)成(cheng)(cheng)鮮明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對比(bi)。但他又(you)希(xi)望市(shi)(shi)場上(shang)(shang)貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)籌碼(ma)要多(duo)些，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要死氣沉沉。既(ji)要金(jin)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)充(chong)斥，也(ye)(ye)(ye)要緡錢(qian)(qian)(qian)增多(duo)。這(zhe)(zhe)就使他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)處(chu)于困惑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中。如果(guo)我們(men)深(shen)入探刻唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話，還不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)難(nan)(nan)(nan)發現，他除(chu)(chu)主(zhu)張(zhang)廢除(chu)(chu)白(bai)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)外，還主(zhu)張(zhang)貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)工錢(qian)(qian)(qian)和實(shi)物工錢(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)并(bing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。“凡祿九(jiu)個(ge)石(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下，皆(jie)令(ling)(ling)受粟。度宮(gong)朝官軍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，皆(jie)令(ling)(ling)輸(shu)(shu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)粟而(er)(er)給(gei)(gei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)在(zai)州郡縣，常賦(fu)皆(jie)令(ling)(ling)輸(shu)(shu)。凡祿三千石(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下，皆(jie)令(ling)(ling)受粟。度城郭兵役(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，皆(jie)今(jin)輸(shu)(shu)緡，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)附(fu)錄而(er)(er)給(gei)(gei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)在(zai)邊防、內(nei)屯(tun)、將祿、卒食、皆(jie)令(ling)(ling)受粟。度甲胄衣(yi)履之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，皆(jie)令(ling)(ling)運緡，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)附(fu)栗而(er)(er)給(gei)(gei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)考(kao)慮(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)廢銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)行(xing)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，沒有(you)(you)考(kao)慮(lv)到(dao)（1）“錢(qian)(qian)(qian)重難(nan)(nan)(nan)行(xing)，民(min)商必(bi)(bi)(bi)病。”(2)“銅不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)采，又(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)市(shi)(shi)。”(3)“民(min)欲難(nan)(nan)(nan)拂，俗尚(shang)難(nan)(nan)(nan)移。”同時(shi)，處(chu)于封建晚(wan)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明清(qing)(qing)(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)際，貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)地租正(zheng)在(zai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)破竹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勢向前發展(zhan)，而(er)(er)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)卻強調“實(shi)物地租”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)借(jie)尸還魂，這(zhe)(zhe)就很難(nan)(nan)(nan)使人(ren)理解了(le)。當(dang)然，在(zai)整個(ge)清(qing)(qing)(qing)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)長河中，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)種貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)思(si)(si)潮也(ye)(ye)(ye)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)孤立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)；唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)批判(pan)思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)他所(suo)(suo)蘊育出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)近代(dai)民(min)主(zhu)思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對于以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些清(qing)(qing)(qing)代(dai)學(xue)者都起(qi)到(dao)了(le)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。
《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)》（1705）是(shi)唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)遺世(shi)的(de)(de)(de)唯一著(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)，也是(shi)他(ta)最重要的(de)(de)(de)著(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)。起(qi)初(chu)名(ming)(ming)叫《衡(heng)書(shu)(shu)(shu)》，初(chu)刻只有13篇(pian)(pian)，署名(ming)(ming)唐(tang)(tang)大陶。后(hou)來逐漸增加到97篇(pian)(pian)，并改(gai)名(ming)(ming)《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)》，署名(ming)(ming)唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)在(zai)其書(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)《潛(qian)(qian)存(cun)》篇(pian)(pian)中說(shuo)，他(ta)撰述此書(shu)(shu)(shu)“歷(li)三十(shi)年(nian)，累(lei)而(er)存(cun)之(zhi)，分(fen)為上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)。言(yan)學(xue)者系于(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)篇(pian)(pian)，凡五(wu)十(shi)篇(pian)(pian)；言(yan)治(zhi)(zhi)者系于(yu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)，號日(ri)《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)》。上(shang)(shang)(shang)觀(guan)天道，下(xia)(xia)(xia)察人事，遠正古跡，近度(du)今宜，根于(yu)心而(er)致(zhi)之(zhi)行(xing)，如在(zai)其位而(er)謀其政(zheng)”。據有關(guan)資(zi)料考證，《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)》的(de)(de)(de)刊(kan)刻時(shi)間是(shi)清康熙四(si)十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(1705)，由(you)唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)女婿王聞(wen)遠刊(kan)刻行(xing)于(yu)世(shi)，這是(shi)最早的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)刻本。此后(hou)有1883年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)李氏(shi)刻本和1905年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)鄧氏(shi)刻本，均是(shi)原(yuan)刻本的(de)(de)(de)翻版。新刻本有中華書(shu)(shu)(shu)局出版的(de)(de)(de)1955年(nian)版本，1963年(nian)又出版了增訂(ding)本，1984年(nian)又第4次印刷。《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)》是(shi)唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)論文集，在(zai)體例上(shang)(shang)(shang)模仿漢(han)代王充的(de)(de)(de)《論衡(heng)》。全(quan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)內容不在(zai)于(yu)引經注(zhu)典，更不同于(yu)漢(han)后(hou)諸儒(ru)的(de)(de)(de)文字章句之(zhi)學(xue)，而(er)在(zai)于(yu)針對(dui)時(shi)弊，吸取明(ming)末政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)腐敗導致(zhi)農(nong)民(min)起(qi)義的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)訓，提出一系列抨(peng)擊(ji)君權專制(zhi)和倡導以(yi)民(min)為本的(de)(de)(de)進步的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)觀(guan)點和主(zhu)張，旨在(zai)善政(zheng)養民(min)，摒(bing)棄程(cheng)朱(zhu)理學(xue)，以(yi)實學(xue)濟世(shi)扶危，治(zhi)(zhi)國平(ping)天下(xia)(xia)(xia)。《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)》97篇(pian)(pian)，分(fen)上(shang)(shang)(shang)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)篇(pian)(pian)又分(fen)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)兩部分(fen)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)篇(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)共21篇(pian)(pian)，自(zi)“辨儒(ru)”至(zhi)(zhi)“勸學(xue)”；上(shang)(shang)(shang)篇(pian)(pian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)共29篇(pian)(pian)，自(zi)“取善”至(zhi)(zhi)“博觀(guan)”。下(xia)(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)亦(yi)分(fen)為上(shang)(shang)(shang)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)兩部分(fen)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)自(zi)“尚(shang)治(zhi)(zhi)”至(zhi)(zhi)“柅政(zheng)”共24篇(pian)(pian)；下(xia)(xia)(xia)篇(pian)(pian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)自(zi)“惰貧”至(zhi)(zhi)“潛(qian)(qian)存(cun)”共23篇(pian)(pian)。全(quan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)主(zhu)要是(shi)政(zheng)論文，一部分(fen)是(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)育著(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)。論述教(jiao)(jiao)育的(de)(de)(de)有：辨儒(ru)、宗孟、法王、知行(xing)、性才、自(zi)明(ming)、敬修、講學(xue)、勸學(xue)、取善、五(wu)經、得師、太子(zi)、明(ming)悌(ti)、誨子(zi)、博觀(guan)、用賢、教(jiao)(jiao)蠶、全(quan)學(xue)、審知等諸篇(pian)(pian)。
《潛(qian)書》上(shang)述諸(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)篇所(suo)闡述的教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)張，是以其反對君權專制政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)和(he)宋(song)明(ming)理(li)學空談(tan)心性學風為(wei)基礎的，表現(xian)出(chu)鮮明(ming)的民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)傾向和(he)崇尚尊(zun)重個(ge)性與實學學風的價值取向。《潛(qian)書》教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)篇章中，論述的教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)張主(zhu)(zhu)要有如下幾(ji)個(ge)方(fang)面(mian)：
重釋儒教
其一，以“盡性達才”、“明功辨義”的觀(guan)點重新解釋儒家教育(yu)的目(mu)的與作(zuo)用。
在《辨儒(ru)(ru)》篇中(zhong)，唐甄(zhen)(zhen)指(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)：“圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)賢之(zhi)(zhi)言，因時而變，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)救其失也”。儒(ru)(ru)家學(xue)說是以(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)道計功(gong)(gong)而有(you)(you)用于(yu)(yu)世治的(de)(de)(de)(de)，“儒(ru)(ru)者不言功(gong)(gong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點是對(dui)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歪曲(qu)。“儒(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)貴者，能(neng)(neng)(neng)定亂(luan)、除暴、安百姓也”，如果事(shi)(shi)不成，功(gong)(gong)不立(li)，儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)及其教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)又(you)有(you)(you)什(shen)么(me)用呢(ni)？他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)批(pi)評宋(song)代以(yi)(yi)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)(suo)(suo)謂儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)家，空(kong)事(shi)(shi)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人之(zhi)(zhi)言，而“樹功(gong)(gong)則無(wu)(wu)聞焉”。什(shen)么(me)叫(jiao)做功(gong)(gong)呢(ni)？唐甄(zhen)(zhen)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)兵(bing)、農、刑(xing)、谷利于(yu)(yu)百姓，能(neng)(neng)(neng)治亂(luan)安邦，能(neng)(neng)(neng)使(shi)百姓安居樂，能(neng)(neng)(neng)“廣濟天下”，即是實(shi)功(gong)(gong)。針(zhen)對(dui)宋(song)明(ming)(ming)(ming)理學(xue)家只講(jiang)(jiang)修(xiu)心(xin)養性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，以(yi)(yi)致(zhi)“端居恭默(mo)”、“無(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)施張”、空(kong)知(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流弊，指(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)光知(zhi)(zhi)“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)德(de)”而不知(zhi)(zhi)“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)”是不知(zhi)(zhi)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)真(zhen)諦的(de)(de)(de)(de)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)謂“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)”就(jiu)是通過(guo)“良知(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)“自(zi)修(xiu)”，由道德(de)本體之(zhi)(zhi)“心(xin)”所(suo)(suo)(suo)煥發并作(zuo)用于(yu)(yu)客(ke)觀事(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)才(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。“如火有(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)(ming)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)有(you)(you)光”。光的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)和明(ming)(ming)(ming)暗不同，人的(de)(de)(de)(de)“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)”亦有(you)(you)大(da)小(xiao)，但作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)來(lai)講(jiang)(jiang)，唯在“盡性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)達(da)才(cai)(cai)”。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認為(wei)(wei)：“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)統(tong)天地，備(bei)萬物(wu)(wu)。不能(neng)(neng)(neng)相天地，不能(neng)(neng)(neng)育(yu)萬物(wu)(wu)，于(yu)(yu)彼有(you)(you)闕(que)，即己有(you)(you)闕(que)”。“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)才(cai)(cai)，故無(wu)(wu)不周(zhou)。何以(yi)(yi)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人乃(nai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)周(zhou)世，后儒(ru)(ru)不能(neng)(neng)(neng)周(zhou)身？蓋善(shan)修(xiu)則周(zhou)，不善(shan)修(xiu)則不周(zhou)”。宋(song)明(ming)(ming)(ming)理學(xue)只講(jiang)(jiang)“盡性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”而不言“盡才(cai)(cai)”，故無(wu)(wu)實(shi)功(gong)(gong)可(ke)樹。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說：“后世之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)政者，心(xin)不明(ming)(ming)(ming)，則事(shi)(shi)不達(da)；事(shi)(shi)不達(da)，則所(suo)(suo)(suo)見多乖(guai)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)行(xing)多泥。徒抱(bao)空(kong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，終于(yu)(yu)自(zi)廢，何以(yi)(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)!”在理論(lun)上(shang)批(pi)評宋(song)明(ming)(ming)(ming)理學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)修(xiu)養論(lun)是一(yi)種未能(neng)(neng)(neng)“盡性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)達(da)才(cai)(cai)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)錯(cuo)誤教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)理論(lun)，并指(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)這種教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)實(shi)踐是棄(qi)“仁(ren)”之(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。相反，陽(yang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“致(zhi)良知(zhi)(zhi)”之(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，“一(yi)以(yi)(yi)貫之(zhi)(zhi)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)如日月，涉險履危，四通八辟而無(wu)(wu)礙也。其見于(yu)(yu)行(xing)事(shi)(shi)者，使(shi)人各當其才(cai)(cai)，慮事(shi)(shi)各得(de)其宜；處患難(nan)而能(neng)(neng)(neng)全(quan)其用，遇(yu)小(xiao)人而不失其正，委蛇(she)自(zi)遂，卒(zu)保(bao)其功(gong)(gong)”，是“盡性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)達(da)才(cai)(cai)”“明(ming)(ming)(ming)功(gong)(gong)辨義”的(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。唐甄(zhen)(zhen)主張廢宋(song)明(ming)(ming)(ming)程朱理學(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，代之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)陽(yang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)致(zhi)良知(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，這一(yi)主張是對(dui)明(ming)(ming)(ming)末(mo)清初所(suo)(suo)(suo)奉(feng)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)理學(xue)獨尊(zun)文(wen)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)政策的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)挑戰，反映了他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)對(dui)儒(ru)(ru)學(xue)及其教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)價(jia)值(zhi)觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)改造。
教育目標
其二，提出“全學(xue)(xue)”教育內容，把傳(chuan)統學(xue)(xue)校教學(xue)(xue)內容由單純的書本知識擴大(da)到現實生活與(yu)生產以及(ji)軍(jun)事知識技能(neng)范圍(wei)，以培養“全學(xue)(xue)人”為(wei)教育目標(biao)。
在(zai)(zai)《全學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)》篇(pian)，唐(tang)甄指出(chu)：“學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)善獨(du)身，居平世(shi)，仁(ren)(ren)義(yi)(yi)足矣，而(er)非(fei)全學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)也”。所謂“全學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)”，即包括(kuo)仁(ren)(ren)、義(yi)(yi)、兵三方(fang)面(mian)的(de)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)。仁(ren)(ren)與(yu)義(yi)(yi)是歷來儒(ru)家(jia)(jia)特別是宋(song)(song)明理學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)所提倡的(de)，但兵則(ze)為(wei)儒(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)所不(bu)(bu)齒。唐(tang)甄說：“君(jun)子(zi)之為(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)也，不(bu)(bu)可以不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)兵”。“不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)兵，則(ze)仁(ren)(ren)義(yi)(yi)無(wu)用(yong)，而(er)國因(yin)以亡矣”。他批評(ping)宋(song)(song)明理學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)教(jiao)育只講(jiang)仁(ren)(ren)義(yi)(yi)而(er)恥于言兵，結果忠(zhong)臣(chen)孝子(zi)雖多，但一(yi)遇社稷不(bu)(bu)幸，“君(jun)臣(chen)震懾”，為(wei)“不(bu)(bu)仁(ren)(ren)”、“不(bu)(bu)義(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)虜，國破家(jia)(jia)亡。由此(ci)，他說：“所貴乎儒(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)，伐暴(bao)(bao)而(er)天(tian)下之暴(bao)(bao)除(chu)，誅亂(luan)而(er)天(tian)下之亂(luan)定，養民(min)(min)而(er)天(tian)下之民(min)(min)安”。在(zai)(zai)《教(jiao)蠶》篇(pian)中，唐(tang)甄認為(wei)三代以下，官(guan)吏不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)民(min)(min)田桑，“廢海內(nei)(nei)無(wu)窮(qiong)之利，使(shi)民(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)得厚其生(sheng)，乃患民(min)(min)貧(pin)(pin)，生(sheng)財無(wu)術”。有鑒如此(ci)，他主張(zhang)廣教(jiao)民(min)(min)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習種桑養蠶以及(ji)飼繅之法，使(shi)“有禾之土必有桑焉”。在(zai)(zai)《勸(quan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)》篇(pian)中，他批評(ping)后世(shi)儒(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)，將儒(ru)家(jia)(jia)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)說裂為(wei)文學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、事(shi)功(gong)、道學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)殊(shu)途，“習為(wei)迂(yu)闊(kuo)無(wu)用(yong)于世(shi)，是以有薄而(er)不(bu)(bu)為(wei)”，喪(sang)失了儒(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)及(ji)其為(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)根(gen)本(ben)。他反復強調(diao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)以致用(yong)，應當(dang)把教(jiao)育內(nei)(nei)容(rong)擴大到現實政(zheng)治(zhi)、生(sheng)產與(yu)生(sheng)活中來，不(bu)(bu)要(yao)囿(you)于心性道德一(yi)途。他尖銳指出(chu)：“國家(jia)(jia)五十年來，為(wei)政(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)無(wu)一(yi)人以富(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)為(wei)事(shi)，上言者(zhe)(zhe)無(wu)一(yi)人以富(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)為(wei)言”，是不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)“立國之道”“惟(wei)在(zai)(zai)于富(fu)(fu)”，以致“四(si)海之內(nei)(nei)，日益貧(pin)(pin)窮(qiong)，農(nong)空、工空、市空、仕空”。因(yin)此(ci)他主張(zhang)以“生(sheng)養之道”作為(wei)教(jiao)育內(nei)(nei)容(rong)，移風易俗，使(shi)國與(yu)家(jia)(jia)富(fu)(fu)強。
其三，提出尊師重傅以加強皇太子教(jiao)育的主張(zhang)。
在《得師》篇中(zhong)，唐甄(zhen)稱譽伊尹(yin)教太(tai)甲、周公訓成王(wang)，提出(chu)“君(jun)德(de)必成于學(xue)，而(er)學(xue)必得師保(bao)”的命題。他以為一國政治的好(hao)壞往(wang)往(wang)取(qu)決(jue)于君(jun)王(wang)的德(de)智才學(xue)，因此皇太(tai)子的教育(yu)尤其重(zhong)要。如何教太(tai)子呢？唐甄(zhen)在《太(tai)子》篇中(zhong)系統(tong)地闡述(shu)了(le)有關教育(yu)原則與方法：
(1)尊(zun)師(shi)(shi)重傅(fu)，即天子(zi)以身作(zuo)則尊(zun)重師(shi)(shi)傅(fu)，只有(you)樹立師(shi)(shi)傅(fu)的尊(zun)嚴，才(cai)能使太(tai)子(zi)抑尊(zun)處卑。在作(zuo)法(fa)上(shang)，打破南面臨師(shi)(shi)傅(fu)，把師(shi)(shi)傅(fu)作(zuo)為下(xia)屬(shu)之臣看待的傳(chuan)統，真正使太(tai)子(zi)處于(yu)學生地位，“進退(tui)唯(wei)命”。
(2)讓太子接觸社會實際，“春(chun)使視(shi)耕，夏使視(shi)耘，秋(qiu)使視(shi)獲，冬使視(shi)藏”，從而知(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)生(sheng)養之道(dao)。除了了解農業外，還應當(dang)觀(guan)于桑(sang)、牧、牢、澤、圃、山、肆、市(shi)、道(dao)等(deng)，從而知(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)衣服、車乘、鼎俎、魚鱉(bie)、果蔬、材(cai)木、器用等(deng)來(lai)之不易，知(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)商人、兵(bing)士、勞(lao)役(yi)等(deng)的勞(lao)苦。
(3)注意教育環(huan)境(jing)，不要異(yi)宮而處，異(yi)庖而食(shi)，異(yi)笥(si)而衣，生(sheng)活(huo)上不搞(gao)特(te)殊化，同時還要禁止同宮女、宦官(guan)的接觸，因(yin)為女色傷身，宦官(guan)害政，這是(shi)明(ming)代政治腐敗(bai)最慘(can)重的兩個(ge)方(fang)面。
(4)嚴(yan)格(ge)要求，“有過必(bi)撻(ta)”。唐(tang)甄主(zhu)張如(ru)果太(tai)子不(bu)接受(shou)師(shi)教(jiao)，不(bu)尊師(shi)傅(fu)，不(bu)敬不(bu)禮(li)大臣，知而不(bu)行，不(bu)知農事農窮，不(bu)知物土人(ren)勞，受(shou)了(le)教(jiao)育(yu)而無實(shi)際行動，都應當“撻(ta)之”。實(shi)行嚴(yan)格(ge)教(jiao)育(yu)是(shi)使太(tai)子成(cheng)為治(zhi)國之君的(de)必(bi)要條(tiao)件。
在《得師》篇中指出(chu)，太子身(shen)貴，但“心無(wu)貴賤”，“是(shi)故(gu)天(tian)(tian)子學同(tong)于士(shi)，懼而篤(du)學，當百(bai)于士(shi)”。唐甄打破(po)君權神授的(de)天(tian)(tian)命論(lun)，從建(jian)立理想的(de)國家政治(zhi)目的(de)出(chu)發，寄希望于儲君的(de)教養(yang)，在思想和理論(lun)上(shang)都有超(chao)越前人之處。
其四(si)，提(ti)出治化(hua)之源在(zai)于(yu)吏治的(de)政教(jiao)思想，批評學(xue)校教(jiao)育的(de)局限性。
這(zhe)一觀點是針對明末東林(lin)黨人(ren)過份(fen)夸大學校教育的政治作用而(er)提出的。東林(lin)黨人(ren)封建私塾
顧(gu)憲成認為(wei)興(xing)學校(xiao)以(yi)教(jiao)天下是治亂之(zhi)(zhi)本，學校(xiao)教(jiao)育對上(shang)有正(zheng)君正(zheng)職官(guan)的作用，對下則有“洽于鄉里”使“民易使”的效果。所以(yi)他們(men)主張在野之(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)廣結盟社，興(xing)書(shu)院，造(zao)成一種以(yi)學校(xiao)議(yi)政監政和改變社會(hui)的風氣。
唐甄在(zai)《尚治(zhi)》篇中指出，這(zhe)種觀點雖是(shi)“善言”但不(bu)能行。原因(yin)在(zai)于“講學(xue)必樹黨，樹黨必爭進退，使(shi)學(xue)者扳援奔趨而(er)失其本(ben)(ben)心(xin)”。認為(wei)讀書人(ren)以(yi)講學(xue)來干預政治(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)想法和行動，在(zai)客觀上根本(ben)(ben)達不(bu)到(dao)目的(de)(de)(de)，相(xiang)反只能使(shi)“議(yi)論害治(zhi)”，“使(shi)人(ren)尚浮夸而(er)喪其實”。因(yin)為(wei)國家(jia)政權操縱于皇帝一人(ren)之手，加之所御各級官吏極(ji)力維護君主獨(du)裁，所以(yi)知識(shi)分子的(de)(de)(de)力量是(shi)微不(bu)足道的(de)(de)(de)，學(xue)校(xiao)教育的(de)(de)(de)政治(zhi)作用也是(shi)很有局(ju)限的(de)(de)(de)。
在《富民》篇中(zhong)，唐(tang)甄指出(chu)人民之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以貧窮(qiong)，國(guo)家之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以不(bu)得治，不(bu)是教育無功，而是貪官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)害不(bu)除。官(guan)吏(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)貪有甚于執刃(ren)的盜(dao)(dao)賊，“夫盜(dao)(dao)不(bu)盡人，寇不(bu)盡世，而民之(zhi)(zhi)毒于貪吏(li)(li)者，無所(suo)逃于天地之(zhi)(zhi)間”。
在《考(kao)功(gong)》篇中指(zhi)出；“天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)官皆棄(qi)民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)官，天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)事皆棄(qi)民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)事，是舉(ju)天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)父兄子弟盡(jin)推之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)溝(gou)壑也，欲得(de)治(zhi)乎？”所以，治(zhi)國(guo)富民(min)(min)的關(guan)鍵在于(yu)整頓吏治(zhi)，除天(tian)下(xia)貪官。但如何達到吏治(zhi)呢？唐甄并沒有找到什(shen)么有效(xiao)措施，卻又回到教育問題上(shang)來。他提倡(chang)通過教育使上(shang)自君主下(xia)至百官要(yao)以民(min)(min)為本，以身作則，去貪養(yang)廉，論功(gong)舉(ju)賢，足食以養(yang)民(min)(min)。顯然，這些(xie)也是一(yi)種無能為力的幻想。
總(zong)之，《潛書(shu)》所(suo)散論(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)思想在(zai)(zai)(zai)很大程(cheng)度上是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)政(zheng)治立場(chang)和(he)觀(guan)點基礎上闡(chan)發的(de)(de)(de)，帶有(you)濃厚的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)論(lun)(lun)性色彩。在(zai)(zai)(zai)上述觀(guan)點中(zhong)，提倡實(shi)學(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)內容與目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)，指陳(chen)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)作用的(de)(de)(de)局(ju)限性，以及在(zai)(zai)(zai)論(lun)(lun)述教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)與政(zheng)治的(de)(de)(de)關系和(he)批(pi)評(ping)宋明(ming)理(li)學(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)流弊(bi)等方面，確有(you)樸(pu)素的(de)(de)(de)民(min)主(zhu)主(zhu)義(yi)政(zheng)治傾(qing)向(xiang)和(he)開(kai)創實(shi)學(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)風氣的(de)(de)(de)作用。但(dan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)其他篇章中(zhong)，唐甄反(fan)復強調(diao)倫理(li)道德(de)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)有(you)關家教(jiao)(jiao)方面，表現出(chu)強烈的(de)(de)(de)禁欲(yu)主(zhu)義(yi)、男尊女卑、君權至(zhi)尚等傾(qing)向(xiang)，加之階級的(de)(de)(de)局(ju)限，看(kan)不到(dao)勞動者的(de)(de)(de)力量，并且著意貶(bian)低士(shi)林清(qing)議(yi)政(zheng)治的(de)(de)(de)作用，流露出(chu)消(xiao)極悲觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)緒(xu)。如(ru)果剔(ti)除這些消(xiao)極因素，在(zai)(zai)(zai)今(jin).天，《潛書(shu)》中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)進步(bu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)主(zhu)張(zhang)對(dui)于啟發人(ren)們認識和(he)批(pi)判中(zhong)國傳(chuan)統教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)有(you)幫助的(de)(de)(de)。
唐甄是(shi)清代初期重要的(de)社會(hui)啟蒙思(si)想(xiang)家。他(ta)的(de)一生(sheng)“困于(yu)遠(yuan)游，厄(e)于(yu)人事”唐甄的(de)思(si)想(xiang)對后(hou)世產(chan)生(sheng)深遠(yuan)影響
唐甄的社會啟蒙思想，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要表現.在(zai)他對封建專制制度的深(shen)刻(ke)批判(pan)(pan)，以及由(you)此出(chu)發提出(chu)的具有初步民主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)意識的政治主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)張。他不僅繼承發揚了(le)明清之際(ji)啟蒙思想家的經世傳統和批判(pan)(pan)精神，而且具體(ti)提出(chu)了(le)救治社會弊端的實際(ji)措施(shi)。
唐(tang)甄的社(she)會政(zheng)治啟蒙思想(xiang)，首(shou)先表現.在(zai)他猛烈抨(peng)擊(ji)了封建(jian)專制(zhi)制(zhi)度下(xia)的君主順治官(guan)吏的殘暴罪行，提出了抑制(zhi)君主至尊權勢(shi)、倡導社(she)會人(ren)人(ren)平(ping)等的政(zheng)治主張(zhang)。
唐甄(zhen)(zhen)認為，在自秦以(yi)來的(de)(de)封(feng)(feng)建專(zhuan)制(zhi)制(zhi)度的(de)(de)社(she)會中，至高無上的(de)(de)封(feng)(feng)建君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)，不(bu)僅是(shi)掠(lve)奪天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)財富的(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)盜(dao)賊(zei)，而(er)且是(shi)慘殺(sha)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)生命的(de)(de)罪惡兇手(shou)。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“自秦以(yi)來，凡為帝王者皆賊(zei)也……殺(sha)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)而(er)取其匹布斗(dou)粟，猶謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賊(zei)；殺(sha)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)而(er)盡(jin)其布粟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富，而(er)反不(bu)謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賊(zei)乎(hu)？”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·室語》）唐甄(zhen)(zhen)明確(que)而(er)尖銳地指出(chu)，封(feng)(feng)建君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)至尊權勢的(de)(de)取得和專(zhuan)制(zhi)極權的(de)(de)統治(zhi)，是(shi)建立在殺(sha)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)、掠(lve)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財的(de)(de)殘(can)(can)暴野蠻(man)行為上的(de)(de)。他(ta)(ta)指出(chu)，二千(qian)多(duo)年的(de)(de)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)專(zhuan)制(zhi)社(she)會，就是(shi)一(yi)部“殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)如麻(ma)”、“血流漂(piao)杵”的(de)(de)悲慘歷(li)史。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“周秦以(yi)后(hou)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)豪杰，皆鼓刀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屠人(ren)(ren)(ren)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·止殺(sha)》）“蓋自秦以(yi)來，屠殺(sha)二千(qian)余年，不(bu)可究止。嗟乎(hu)！何帝王盜(dao)賊(zei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毒至于如此其極哉！”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·全(quan)學》）唐甄(zhen)(zhen)認為，雖然(ran)“殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)者眾(zhong)手(shou)，實天(tian)(tian)子為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)手(shou)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·室語》）暴虐君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)是(shi)殘(can)(can)害(hai)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)罪魁禍(huo)首，他(ta)(ta)們(men)并非什么“德比唐虞(yu)，功過湯武(wu)”的(de)(de)仁君(jun)(jun)(jun)圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)，而(er)是(shi)“慘刻(ke)少(shao)恩，譎詐無實”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·仁師》）的(de)(de)獨(du)夫民(min)賊(zei)。唐甄(zhen)(zhen)進一(yi)步揭露說(shuo)，竊國屠民(min)的(de)(de)殘(can)(can)暴無道(dao)的(de)(de)封(feng)(feng)建君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)，是(shi)導致國家(jia)動亂(luan)、民(min)眾(zhong)涂炭的(de)(de)根(gen)源。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)，自秦以(yi)來，“君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無道(dao)也多(duo)矣(yi)，民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)樂其生也久矣(yi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)·鮮君(jun)(jun)(jun)》）。民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)樂其生，源于君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無道(dao)。他(ta)(ta)指出(chu)：“治(zhi)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)者惟(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)。治(zhi)亂(luan)非他(ta)(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)所能為也，君(jun)(jun)(jun)也。”“小人(ren)(ren)(ren)”、“女子寺人(ren)(ren)(ren)”、“奸雄盜(dao)賊(zei)”亂(luan)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)，皆由君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無道(dao)所致，
“懦君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蓄亂(luan)(luan)，辟君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)生亂(luan)(luan)，暗君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)召亂(luan)(luan)，暴(bao)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)激亂(luan)(luan)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·鮮君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)》）。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)這些(xie)禍國殃民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)、惡貫(guan)滿盈(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封建(jian)(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)，唐(tang)(tang)甄慰(wei)藉則厲言：其(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)帝使我治(zhi)(zhi)殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)獄，我則有以(yi)處(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。匹夫無(wu)(wu)故而(er)(er)(er)殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)身(shen)抵一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死，斯(si)足矣；有天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)無(wu)(wu)故而(er)(er)(er)殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，雖百其(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)抵其(qi)(qi)(qi)殺(sha)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)(zui)。（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·室(shi)語》）他(ta)(ta)指出，即使以(yi)極刑(xing)(xing)(xing)去處(chu)死暴(bao)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)昏主(zhu)(zhu)，亦難以(yi)抵其(qi)(qi)(qi)屠戮禍害天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)(zui)。唐(tang)(tang)甄又無(wu)(wu)情痛斥了(le)(le)專制(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封建(jian)(jian)官(guan)(guan)吏(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)暴(bao)罪(zui)(zui)行(xing)。他(ta)(ta)指出，遍布(bu)四(si)(si)海的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)(tan)(tan)官(guan)(guan)污(wu)(wu)吏(li)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅不(bu)(bu)(bu)去推(tui)(tui)行(xing)賢明(ming)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)善政(zheng)，而(er)(er)(er)且日(ri)(ri)夜獵取天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財富。他(ta)(ta)們(men)“明(ming)于(yu)(yu)家而(er)(er)(er)昧于(yu)(yu)國”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·存(cun)言》），莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)謀私而(er)(er)(er)貪(tan)(tan)(tan)利(li)。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)賢君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)善政(zheng)，他(ta)(ta)們(men)“上(shang)以(yi)文責下(xia)，下(xia)以(yi)文蒙(meng)(meng)上(shang)”，不(bu)(bu)(bu)去躬行(xing)實(shi)施，相互欺(qi)瞞(man)推(tui)(tui)諉(wei)，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疾苦，他(ta)(ta)們(men)坐視不(bu)(bu)(bu)救(jiu)(jiu)，棄(qi)置不(bu)(bu)(bu)顧(gu)，“雖田(tian)園荒蕪(wu)，廬舍傾倒，而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)顧(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)；雖父(fu)兄(xiong)凍餓，子(zi)弟死亡(wang)，而(er)(er)(er)莫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恤也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·柅(ni)政(zheng)》）唐(tang)(tang)甄指出，橫(heng)征暴(bao)斂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)(tan)(tan)官(guan)(guan)污(wu)(wu)吏(li)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)害甚于(yu)(yu)窮兇極惡殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)越貸(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盜賊匪寇。他(ta)(ta)說：穴墻(qiang)而(er)(er)(er)入者(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)發(fa)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密藏；群刃而(er)(er)(er)進者(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)奪人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)宅；御(yu)旅于(yu)(yu)途者(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)破人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家室(shi)；寇至誅焚者(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)窮山谷(gu)而(er)(er)(er)遍四(si)(si)海。彼(bi)為(wei)(wei)吏(li)者(zhe)(zhe)，星列于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)，日(ri)(ri)夜獵人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財……如填(tian)壑谷(gu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)可滿也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫盜不(bu)(bu)(bu)盡(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，寇不(bu)(bu)(bu)盡(jin)世，而(er)(er)(er)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毒于(yu)(yu)吏(li)者(zhe)(zhe)，無(wu)(wu)所逃(tao)于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間。（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·富民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)》）因(yin)此，“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)寬仁而(er)(er)(er)恤民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)”，四(si)(si)海民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾仍困窮，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)依舊難治(zhi)(zhi)理，皆是“公卿(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·存(cun)言》）。他(ta)(ta)說：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)難治(zhi)(zhi)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)皆以(yi)為(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)難治(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)知難治(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，非(fei)(fei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，官(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡(fan)茲庶(shu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，茍非(fei)(fei)亂(luan)(luan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，亦唯求其(qi)(qi)(qi)所樂，避其(qi)(qi)(qi)所苦，曷嘗好犯上(shang)法以(yi)與(yu)上(shang)為(wei)(wei)難也(ye)(ye)(ye)！論政(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)察所由，以(yi)為(wei)(wei)法令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)于(yu)(yu)行(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)，皆柅(ni)于(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)良，釋官(guan)(guan)而(er)(er)(er)罪(zui)(zui)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，此所以(yi)難以(yi)與(yu)言治(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)。”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·柅(ni)政(zheng)》）他(ta)(ta)進一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步揭露(lu)說：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)皆棄(qi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事皆棄(qi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，是舉天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父(fu)兄(xiong)子(zi)弟盡(jin)推(tui)(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)溝壑也(ye)(ye)(ye)，欲治(zhi)(zhi)得乎！”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·考(kao)功》）因(yin)此，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)殘(can)害棄(qi)虐百姓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)(tan)(tan)官(guan)(guan)污(wu)(wu)吏(li)，必須盡(jin)行(xing)革除(chu)，嚴懲(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)殆，“以(yi)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)狐(hu)鼠(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)，以(yi)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)豺狼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)，而(er)(er)(er)重工業(ye)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)匿(ni)狐(hu)鼠(shu)、養(yang)豺狼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·權(quan)實(shi)》），“刑(xing)(xing)(xing)自(zi)貴始(shi)(shi)，自(zi)寵始(shi)(shi)，自(zi)近(jin)始(shi)(shi)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·卿(qing)牧》）。唐(tang)(tang)甄在(zai)對(dui)封建(jian)(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)官(guan)(guan)吏(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)暴(bao)罪(zui)(zui)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)揭露(lu)批(pi)判中，深刻地認識到(dao)，無(wu)(wu)道(dao)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專制(zhi)(zhi)統治(zhi)(zhi)，貪(tan)(tan)(tan)官(guan)(guan)污(wu)(wu)吏(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)征暴(bao)斂，導致了(le)(le)國家社(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動亂(luan)(luan)和四(si)(si)海民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)窮困，然其(qi)(qi)(qi)最終根源(yuan)，則在(zai)于(yu)(yu)自(zi)秦以(yi)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封建(jian)(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)專制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)制(zhi)(zhi)度。因(yin)此，唐(tang)(tang)甄提出了(le)(le)抑制(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)至尊(zun)權(quan)勢、倡導社(she)會(hui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)平等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)啟(qi)蒙(meng)(meng)思(si)想，闡述了(le)(le)救(jiu)(jiu)治(zhi)(zhi)現實(shi)社(she)會(hui)政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)弊端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體措施。唐(tang)(tang)甄徹(che)底否定了(le)(le)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)權(quan)神(shen)授的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統觀念，提出了(le)(le)抑君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)張。他(ta)(ta)提出，“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)，非(fei)(fei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地大神(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，皆人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·抑尊(zun)》）。
“天(tian)(tian)子(zi)雖(sui)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)，亦人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·善游》）。封(feng)建(jian)(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)并(bing)不是(shi)什么(me)“天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)大神(shen)”，而(er)(er)(er)只是(shi)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)眾(zhong)生中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普通(tong)一人(ren)(ren)(ren)。但是(shi)，由于(yu)(yu)(yu)封(feng)建(jian)(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)具有至(zhi)高無(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治地(di)(di)位(wei)和(he)總攬一切的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕對(dui)權勢(shi)(shi)，因(yin)而(er)(er)(er)導致了(le)(le)(le)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)，如在天(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，與帝同體”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)圣(sheng)光環，出(chu)(chu)現了(le)(le)(le)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)賤(jian)視其(qi)臣民(min)(min)，如犬馬(ma)蟲蟻不類于(yu)(yu)(yu)我(wo)也(ye)”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·抑尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)》）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)至(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)威勢(shi)(shi)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)至(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)地(di)(di)位(wei)和(he)絕對(dui)權勢(shi)(shi)，必(bi)(bi)將(jiang)導致君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)勢(shi)(shi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)而(er)(er)(er)自(zi)蔽，賢(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)退而(er)(er)(er)治道(dao)遠。因(yin)此(ci)，只有抑制(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)至(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)權勢(shi)(shi)，才能(neng)避免政(zheng)治腐(fu)敗黑暗，民(min)(min)眾(zhong)不遂(sui)其(qi)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)弊端。他(ta)認為(wei)(wei)，抑制(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)至(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)權勢(shi)(shi)，首先要加強提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)公卿民(min)(min)眾(zhong)政(zheng)治權力，允許臣吏諫政(zheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)朝，士(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)議政(zheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)學，庶人(ren)(ren)(ren)謗政(zheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)道(dao)。同時，還要在中央政(zheng)府設制(zhi)(zhi)冢宰(zai)、司(si)(si)徒(tu)、宗伯、司(si)(si)馬(ma)、司(si)(si)寇、司(si)(si)空的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“六卿”職官，限制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)約束(shu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)至(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)權勢(shi)(shi)，使(shi)(shi)他(ta)們敢于(yu)(yu)(yu)“攻(gong)(gong)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)過”，“攻(gong)(gong)宮闈之(zhi)過”，“攻(gong)(gong)帝族、攻(gong)(gong)后族、攻(gong)(gong)寵貴(gui)”之(zhi)過。其(qi)次，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)必(bi)(bi)須自(zi)覺抑制(zhi)(zhi)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)威權勢(shi)(shi)，“位(wei)在天(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)者，必(bi)(bi)處天(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)下(xia)”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·抑尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)》）。在政(zheng)治活動中，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)則(ze)要平(ping)等(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)對(dui)待臣吏百姓，“接賤(jian)士(shi)如見公卿，臨匹夫(fu)如對(dui)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·善施》），虛心地(di)(di)接受臣民(min)(min)議政(zheng)，“勿己(ji)之(zhi)是(shi)，惟道(dao)之(zhi)歸”，“人(ren)(ren)(ren)無(wu)賢(xian)愚，皆我(wo)師(shi)也(ye)”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·六善》）。在日常(chang)生活中，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)則(ze)要“處身(shen)如農夫(fu)，殿陛如田舍，衣食(shi)如貧士(shi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·尚治》），“貴(gui)為(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)，亦可以(yi)(yi)庶人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)夫(fu)婦處之(zhi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·去奴(nu)》），與民(min)(min)同情，從民(min)(min)所欲(yu)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄嚴厲地(di)(di)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)如果不能(neng)抑制(zhi)(zhi)自(zi)己(ji)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)威權勢(shi)(shi)，一味殘(can)暴不義，無(wu)道(dao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)，那么(me)，歷(li)史的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展趨(qu)勢(shi)(shi)，必(bi)(bi)將(jiang)徹底摧毀君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權力地(di)(di)位(wei)、身(shen)家性命。到時，“雖(sui)九州為(wei)(wei)宅，九川為(wei)(wei)防(fang)，九山為(wei)(wei)阻，破(po)之(zhi)如榷雀卵也(ye)；雖(sui)盡荊蠻(man)之(zhi)金以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)兵(bing)，盡畿省之(zhi)籍以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)卒(zu)，推(tui)之(zhi)如蹶(jue)弱童也(ye)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·遠諫》）唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄還批(pi)判了(le)(le)(le)封(feng)建(jian)(jian)綱(gang)(gang)常(chang)倫(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)，提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)平(ping)等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)步民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)思(si)想。他(ta)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)，“圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)定(ding)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)卑之(zhi)分，將(jiang)使(shi)(shi)順(shun)而(er)(er)(er)率之(zhi)，非使(shi)(shi)亢(kang)而(er)(er)(er)遠之(zhi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·抑尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)》）。但是(shi)，封(feng)建(jian)(jian)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)臣綱(gang)(gang)、父為(wei)(wei)子(zi)綱(gang)(gang)、夫(fu)為(wei)(wei)妻(qi)綱(gang)(gang)、男尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)女卑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倫(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)綱(gang)(gang)常(chang)，卻完(wan)全背(bei)離(li)了(le)(le)(le)圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)設尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)卑之(zhi)分意在“順(shun)而(er)(er)(er)率之(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)作(zuo)用；而(er)(er)(er)忠(zhong)孝仁義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“美德(de)”“大倫(lun)(lun)”，卻由于(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們“不正(zheng)其(qi)心，不得其(qi)方”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·破(po)祟(sui)》），而(er)(er)(er)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)致人(ren)(ren)(ren)于(yu)(yu)(yu)死地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祟(sui)害。因(yin)此(ci)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)封(feng)建(jian)(jian)綱(gang)(gang)常(chang)倫(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)道(dao)德(de)，提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)大膽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)懷(huai)疑和(he)否定(ding)。他(ta)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)，“天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)之(zhi)道(dao)故(gu)平(ping)，平(ping)則(ze)萬物各得其(qi)所。及其(qi)不平(ping)也(ye)，此(ci)厚而(er)(er)(er)彼(bi)薄，此(ci)樂而(er)(er)(er)彼(bi)憂”，政(zheng)治地(di)(di)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不平(ping)等(deng)(deng)，經濟(ji)生活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不平(ping)等(deng)(deng)，倫(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)關系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不平(ping)等(deng)(deng)，必(bi)(bi)將(jiang)導致天(tian)(tian)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動亂(luan)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)殺。人(ren)(ren)(ren)生來本是(shi)平(ping)等(deng)(deng)相(xiang)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)設尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)卑之(zhi)分意在“順(shun)而(er)(er)(er)率之(zhi)”，但專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)制(zhi)(zhi)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)卻造成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)僮“亢(kang)而(er)(er)(er)遠之(zhi)”極不平(ping)等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)關系(xi)(xi)。故(gu)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄強調，人(ren)(ren)(ren)們之(zhi)間，無(wu)論是(shi)在政(zheng)治、經濟(ji)、倫(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)關系(xi)(xi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，都應當破(po)除封(feng)建(jian)(jian)綱(gang)(gang)常(chang)倫(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)祟(sui)，實現君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)民(min)(min)、夫(fu)妻(qi)、男女之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)關系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)等(deng)(deng)相(xiang)同。這樣(yang)，才能(neng)避免專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)制(zhi)(zhi)社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弊端危害，促進社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進步發(fa)(fa)展。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄抨(peng)擊封(feng)建(jian)(jian)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)制(zhi)(zhi)、倡導社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)平(ping)等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)啟蒙(meng)思(si)想，反映了(le)(le)(le)當時社(she)(she)(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展趨(qu)勢(shi)(shi)，具有進步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史作(zuo)用。
唐甄的社會啟蒙思想，還表現在他提出了“治道貴致其實”、“清朝社會生活線描圖立國惟在(zai)富民(min)”的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)主張。唐甄在(zai)自身的(de)(de)(de)社(she)會實(shi)踐活動(dong)中，深刻(ke)地認識(shi)到，國家社(she)會的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)亂黑(hei)暗，民(min)眾生(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)艱難困窮(qiong)，就在(zai)于統治(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)沒有(you)采取實(shi)行、實(shi)事(shi)、實(shi)治(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)致富于民(min)的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)措施。民(min)眾生(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)困窮(qiong)原因，還(huan)在(zai)于“為政(zheng)者(zhe)不以(yi)富民(min)為功(gong)”（《潛書·考功(gong)》）。
唐(tang)甄《養重》（《潛書》上篇下）
茍(gou)非仕(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)得(de)祿，及公(gong)卿敬禮而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)下耕賈(jia)(jia)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，則(ze)財無(wu)可(ke)(ke)求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道。求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，必為(wei)小人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)矣(yi)(yi)。我(wo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)賈(jia)(jia)為(wei)生(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，人(ren)(ren)以(yi)為(wei)辱(ru)其(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)(shen)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)辱(ru)其(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)(shen)也(ye)。雖然(ran)，身(shen)(shen)為(wei)賈(jia)(jia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)已也(ye)。溺(ni)(ni)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)附木(mu)，孰如(ru)(ru)(ru)無(wu)溺(ni)(ni)。昔(xi)(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)荊州大水，饑者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)，張(zhang)居(ju)正為(wei)政(zheng)，皆食(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)活(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)時荊州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)二百余人(ren)(ren)，賴食(shi)(shi)以(yi)活(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)五十人(ren)(ren)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆有(you)(you)(you)田而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)蓄(xu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆無(wu)田而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)蓄(xu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。于(yu)是(shi)得(de)食(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)處于(yu)居(ju)正門下，大則(ze)貴，小則(ze)富。及居(ju)正沒，皆禁不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)進用焉(yan)(yan)。昔(xi)(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)蜀有(you)(you)(you)二士(shi)曰駱純(chun)曰殷(yin)(yin)(yin)正，以(yi)文學稱(cheng)。楊(yang)榮為(wei)相(xiang)，使(shi)使(shi)奉(feng)書(shu)幣(bi)二而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)屬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)布政(zheng)使(shi)曰：駱殷(yin)(yin)(yin)二子(zi)(zi)，蜀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雋士(shi)也(ye)，吾(wu)懷其(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)久矣(yi)(yi)，君(jun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)我(wo)致(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)來。于(yu)是(shi)駱子(zi)(zi)貧而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)妻，教生(sheng)徒于(yu)鄉里，殷(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)(zi)富有(you)(you)(you)田園(yuan)蓄(xu)牧(mu)山林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饒。駱子(zi)(zi)受書(shu)幣(bi)，越三(san)日而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)啟行(xing)。殷(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)(zi)辭(ci)以(yi)疾，固不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肯行(xing)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)友勸(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)，殷(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)(zi)曰：吾(wu)非不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)楊(yang)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賢，可(ke)(ke)與為(wei)交，且力(li)能進用我(wo)也(ye)。然(ran)富貴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)客也(ye)，危疑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)居(ju)也(ye)，車馬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)我(wo)山居(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)，公(gong)卿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祿不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)我(wo)歲入之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)，舍(she)(she)己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)任(ren)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)危，舍(she)(she)己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)受人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)待智者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)矣(yi)(yi)。遂終身(shen)(shen)隱而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)出焉(yan)(yan)。夫(fu)荊士(shi)駱子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能守(shou)其(qi)(qi)(qi)節者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，食(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)也(ye)。殷(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能守(shou)其(qi)(qi)(qi)節者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，食(shi)(shi)足(zu)也(ye)。節之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)立，由于(yu)食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)足(zu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)。食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)人(ren)(ren)，豈不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)重乎？其(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)古昔(xi)(xi)，諸侯能恭儉(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，保國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)也(ye)。大夫(fu)能恭儉(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，保家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主也(ye)。今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)士(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，何獨(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)？若(ruo)數口之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家，有(you)(you)(you)五十畝(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田，儉(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)守(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)無(wu)饑矣(yi)(yi)。有(you)(you)(you)百畝(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田，儉(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)守(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)自足(zu)矣(yi)(yi)。有(you)(you)(you)二百畝(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田，儉(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)蓄(xu)焉(yan)(yan)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)周親戚鄰里矣(yi)(yi)。顧有(you)(you)(you)此(ci)田實(shi)難，無(wu)則(ze)固窮，有(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，則(ze)儉(jian)守(shou)勿(wu)失(shi)，以(yi)遺(yi)子(zi)(zi)孫(sun)。是(shi)立身(shen)(shen)垂(chui)后之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)道，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)察也(ye)。
批判專制制度
唐甄(zhen)對(dui)(dui)君(jun)主(zhu)專制(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)進行(xing)大膽的(de)(de)揭露和批判。他(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)皇帝(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)，沒(mei)有(you)什么神秘(mi)，并指(zhi)出(chu)皇帝(di)(di)是(shi)(shi)一切罪(zui)惡的(de)(de)根(gen)源，他(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“自秦以來，凡帝(di)(di)王者皆(jie)賊(zei)也(ye)(ye)”，“殺(sha)一人(ren)(ren)而取(qu)其匹布斗(dou)粟，尤(you)謂之賊(zei)，殺(sha)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之人(ren)(ren)，而盡有(you)其不(bu)(bu)(bu)布粟之富(fu)，而反不(bu)(bu)(bu)謂之賊(zei)乎(hu)？”，他(ta)(ta)們(men)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了奪取(qu)皇位(wei)常常無(wu)(wu)(wu)故殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)，殘害百姓(xing)。唐甄(zhen)憤然(ran)(ran)(ran)地(di)說：“川流(liu)潰決，必(bi)(bi)問為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)防之人(ren)(ren),比戶延燒(shao),必(bi)(bi)罪(zui)失(shi)火(huo)之主(zhu),至于(yu)國破(po)家亡,流(liu)毒無(wu)(wu)(wu)窮……,非(fei)君(jun)其誰乎(hu)”(《潛書·遠諫》)。 唐甄(zhen)提(ti)出(chu)了“抑(yi)尊”，即限制(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)權(quan)的(de)(de)主(zhu)張(zhang)，要(yao)求(qiu)提(ti)高大臣(chen)的(de)(de)地(di)位(wei),使他(ta)(ta)們(men)具有(you)同皇帝(di)(di)及其他(ta)(ta)權(quan)貴(gui)(gui)作斗(dou)爭的(de)(de)權(quan)力(li)，以“攻君(jun)之過(guo)”,“攻宮(gong)闈之過(guo)”,“攻帝(di)(di)族、攻后族、攻寵貴(gui)(gui)”之過(guo)，使皇帝(di)(di)有(you)所顧忌。唐甄(zhen)還(huan)發展了產(chan)生于(yu)先(xian)秦的(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)本思(si)想，強(qiang)調民(min)(min)(min)(min)是(shi)(shi)國家的(de)(de)根(gen)本，離開了民(min)(min)(min)(min)，便沒(mei)有(you)國家的(de)(de)政(zheng)治。他(ta)(ta)指(zhi)出(chu)，國防靠(kao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)來鞏固，府庫靠(kao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)來充實，朝廷靠(kao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)來尊崇，官(guan)(guan)員靠(kao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)來養活。君(jun)主(zhu)只有(you)愛護人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)才能達(da)到長治久安(an)的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)。如(ru)果無(wu)(wu)(wu)道于(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)，縱然(ran)(ran)(ran)“九州(zhou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宅，九州(zhou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)防，九山為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)阻(zu)，破(po)之如(ru)椎雀卵(luan)也(ye)(ye)”(同前)。唐甄(zhen)對(dui)(dui)“官(guan)(guan)”也(ye)(ye)進行(xing)了猛烈抨擊，他(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)難(nan)治，人(ren)(ren)們(men)以為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)難(nan)治，實則(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)(ran)(ran)，“難(nan)治者，非(fei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)，官(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)。”他(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大多數官(guan)(guan)吏“為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)盜臣(chen)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)賊(zei)”他(ta)(ta)還(huan)提(ti)出(chu)了愛民(min)(min)(min)(min)、保(bao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)、富(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)具體政(zheng)策(ce)，主(zhu)張(zhang)打擊貪(tan)官(guan)(guan)污(wu)吏，強(qiang)調“刑(xing)先(xian)于(yu)貴(gui)(gui)”；呼吁政(zheng)府幫助農民(min)(min)(min)(min)種值(zhi)農桑，發展生產(chan)，提(ti)高人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)生活。針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)當時(shi)貧(pin)富(fu)懸殊的(de)(de)社會(hui)(hui)現象，唐甄(zhen)提(ti)出(chu)貧(pin)富(fu)要(yao)相對(dui)(dui)平(ping)均的(de)(de)主(zhu)張(zhang)。他(ta)(ta)指(zhi)出(chu)“天(tian)地(di)之道故平(ping),平(ping)則(ze)萬物各得其所”(《潛書·大命(ming)》),否則(ze)，必(bi)(bi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)引起社會(hui)(hui)動亂。唐甄(zhen)還(huan)提(ti)倡為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)功(gong)利主(zhu)義，反對(dui)(dui)理(li)學家們(men)“儒者不(bu)(bu)(bu)計其功(gong)”的(de)(de)說法。他(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儒學的(de)(de)可(ke)貴(gui)(gui)之處就(jiu)在于(yu)它(ta)能定亂、除暴(bao)、安(an)百姓(xing)。如(ru)果儒者不(bu)(bu)(bu)言功(gong)，只顧自己(ji)，那就(jiu)同一個匹夫匹婦沒(mei)有(you)什么區別。唐甄(zhen)的(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)本思(si)想對(dui)(dui)后世有(you)較大影響。
思想的局限性
在唐(tang)甄(zhen)思想深(shen)處，仍(reng)把國泰民安(an)的(de)希望寄托在賢明君(jun)主(zhu)身上(shang)。他說：“天下之主(zhu)在君(jun)，君(jun)之主(zhu)在心。”唐(tang)甄(zhen)提出的(de)為(wei)君(jun)之道仍(reng)然沒有跳出儒家的(de)思想圈子。
歲(sui)月靜好
】編輯上傳提(ti)供，詞(ci)條(tiao)(tiao)屬于(yu)(yu)開放(fang)詞(ci)條(tiao)(tiao)，當(dang)前頁(ye)面(mian)所展示的詞(ci)條(tiao)(tiao)介紹涉及(ji)(ji)宣傳內容(rong)屬于(yu)(yu)注冊用戶個人(ren)編輯行為，與(yu)【唐甄】的所屬企業/所有人(ren)/主體(ti)無關，網(wang)(wang)站(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)完全保(bao)證內容(rong)信息的準確性、真實性，也不(bu)(bu)代表本站(zhan)(zhan)立場，各(ge)項數據信息存在(zai)更新不(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)時的情況(kuang)，僅供參考，請(qing)以(yi)官方發布為準。如果頁(ye)面(mian)內容(rong)與(yu)實際(ji)情況(kuang)不(bu)(bu)符，可點擊“反饋”在(zai)線(xian)向網(wang)(wang)站(zhan)(zhan)提(ti)出修改，網(wang)(wang)站(zhan)(zhan)將核實后進行更正(zheng)。
反(fan)饋
