生(sheng)平(ping)(ping)及著(zhu)述：唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)原名大(da)陶，字鑄萬；後更名甄(zhen)，號圃(pu)亭，四(si)(si)川(chuan)達州人，生(sheng)於(wu)明崇禎三年(nian)，卒於(wu)清康熙四(si)(si)十三年(nian)，得年(nian)七(qi)十五歲。生(sheng)平(ping)(ping)事跡(ji)頗隱晦，《四(si)(si)庫(ku)總目》至將《衡書(shu)》著(zhu)者(zhe)「唐(tang)(tang)大(da)陶」及《潛(qian)書(shu)》著(zhu)者(zhe)唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)別(bie)為二(er)(er)人。幼年(nian)隨父(fu)宦游，歷吳江、北京、南(nan)京。順(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)年(nian)南(nan)京城破，父(fu)子避難(nan)浙(zhe)江紹興。順(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)十四(si)(si)年(nian)丁酉（1657）舉人，曾任(ren)山西長子縣知縣十月，遍(bian)游河北、河南(nan)、湖北、浙(zhe)江、江蘇(su)等地(di)二(er)(er)十馀(yu)年(nian)，後困(kun)於(wu)江蘇(su)，仍志在天下，冀為王者(zhe)師，著(zhu)述不輟。1962年(nian)北京中華書(shu)局(ju)出版《潛(qian)書(shu)》，後附編者(zhe)李之勤〈唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)事跡(ji)叢考〉一文(wen)，最稱詳實(shi)。
這表現(xian).在(zai)(zai)(zai)，第一，封(feng)建君(jun)主沒(mei)有(you)推行富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)策(ce)，而(er)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是忘民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)、虐發(fa)(fa)、害民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)，因(yin)(yin)而(er)“四(si)(si)海(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內，日益困窮(qiong)，農(nong)(nong)空、工(gong)空、市空、仕空”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·存言(yan)》）。第二，封(feng)建官(guan)(guan)(guan)吏橫行掠奪(duo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)財(cai)產，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們坐(zuo)視(shi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)疾苦(ku)不(bu)救，貪婪謀取(qu)一己私利(li)。第三，沉(chen)重(zhong)繁多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)賦(fu)稅(shui)，加重(zhong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)困苦(ku)。第四(si)(si)，財(cai)源枯竭，貸(dai)(dai)(dai)幣(bi)量(liang)少，導致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)財(cai)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)法流(liu)通(tong)(tong)，“當今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)不(bu)窮(qiong)，非窮(qiong)于(yu)(yu)財(cai)，窮(qiong)于(yu)(yu)銀(yin)也(ye)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·更(geng)(geng)幣(bi)》）。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)探討(tao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)窮(qiong)困的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)改措施(shi)。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)指(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)邦本，為(wei)政(zheng)首(shou)(shou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。“國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，豈有(you)四(si)(si)政(zheng)！封(feng)建，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)固之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；府庫，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)充之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；朝廷，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；官(guan)(guan)(guan)職(zhi)(zhi)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)養(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·明鑒(jian)》）只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豐衣(yi)足食，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)才(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)興旺發(fa)(fa)達；如(ru)果(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)貧(pin)窮(qiong)困苦(ku)，必(bi)將(jiang)導致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)滅亡。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：立國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)，惟(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。自(zi)古(gu)未有(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)貧(pin)而(er)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)。夫富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)編戶，不(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)府庫。若編戶空虛，雖府庫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)積如(ru)丘山，實(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)貧(pin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，不(bu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)矣(yi)。（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·存言(yan)》）因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，立國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)庫財(cai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充盈，而(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)強調(diao)，“治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)貴致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·權實(shi)(shi)(shi)》），實(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“財(cai)者(zhe)(zhe)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)也(ye)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)，寶(bao)不(bu)可(ke)竊(qie)，命(ming)(ming)(ming)不(bu)可(ke)攘。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)》）財(cai)用(yong)是生(sheng)(sheng)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)立國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)惟(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)具體提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)措施(shi)。首(shou)(shou)先，為(wei)政(zheng)當以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為(wei)功(gong)(gong)，力(li)除(chu)棄民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)虐民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，立國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)庫財(cai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)充盈，而(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)強調(diao)，“治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)貴致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·權實(shi)(shi)(shi)》），實(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“財(cai)者(zhe)(zhe)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)也(ye)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)，寶(bao)不(bu)可(ke)竊(qie)，命(ming)(ming)(ming)不(bu)可(ke)攘。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)》）財(cai)用(yong)是生(sheng)(sheng)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)立國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)惟(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)具體提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)措施(shi)。首(shou)(shou)先，為(wei)政(zheng)當以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為(wei)功(gong)(gong)，力(li)除(chu)棄民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)虐民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方針當以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)為(wei)宗(zong)旨(zhi)，“其(qi)(qi)舉(ju)事任(ren)職(zhi)(zhi)雖多，不(bu)過(guo)使不(bu)困窮(qiong)而(er)已”，“雖官(guan)(guan)(guan)有(you)百(bai)職(zhi)(zhi)，職(zhi)(zhi)有(you)百(bai)務，要(yao)(yao)歸于(yu)(yu)養(yang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·考(kao)功(gong)(gong)》）故唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)特別強調(diao)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)，指(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)“為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圖治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，論功(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)舉(ju)賢(xian)，善民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)論功(gong)(gong)，足食以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)養(yang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)”，“養(yang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)，必(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)省(sheng)官(guan)(guan)(guan)為(wei)先務”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·省(sheng)官(guan)(guan)(guan)》），卻除(chu)暴虐于(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害官(guan)(guan)(guan)，重(zhong)用(yong)養(yang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廉(lian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)賢(xian)才(cai)(cai)，“廉(lian)者(zhe)(zhe)必(bi)使民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)儉以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)豐財(cai)，才(cai)(cai)者(zhe)(zhe)必(bi)使民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)勤以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厚(hou)利(li)。舉(ju)廉(lian)舉(ju)才(cai)(cai)，必(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)豐財(cai)厚(hou)利(li)為(wei)征”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·考(kao)功(gong)(gong)》）只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)君(jun)主官(guan)(guan)(guan)吏皆去推行實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)策(ce)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)才(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕。其(qi)(qi)次，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)因(yin)(yin)其(qi)(qi)自(zi)然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)，發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)多種(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主張。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)：“海(hai)內之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才(cai)(cai)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)土不(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)不(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)”，只(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)“因(yin)(yin)其(qi)(qi)自(zi)然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)而(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)擾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)才(cai)(cai)不(bu)可(ke)勝用(yong)矣(yi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)》）唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)否定了(le)(le)(le)(le)“農(nong)(nong)本商(shang)末”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統觀(guan)念，提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)要(yao)(yao)使四(si)(si)海(hai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)真正富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕，就要(yao)(yao)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、手工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等(deng)多種(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)產。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)，養(yang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)首(shou)(shou)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)大(da)力(li)發(fa)(fa)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，還要(yao)(yao)全面(mian)(mian)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和手工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，“為(wei)政(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)，必(bi)先田、市”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·普施(shi)》）。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)指(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)，“山林(lin)(lin)多材，池沼多魚，園多果(guo)蔬，欄(lan)多羊豕”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·達政(zheng)》），農(nong)(nong)林(lin)(lin)牧漁全面(mian)(mian)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，才(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕。同(tong)時，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)大(da)力(li)提(ti)倡(chang)種(zhong)桑(sang)養(yang)蠶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紡織業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，主張通(tong)(tong)過(guo)商(shang)品流(liu)通(tong)(tong)，提(ti)高民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)水平(ping)。第三，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)改革(ge)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)幣(bi)，促進流(liu)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)措施(shi)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)指(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)白(bai)銀(yin)作(zuo)為(wei)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)幣(bi)，限制了(le)(le)(le)(le)財(cai)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交換，阻礙了(le)(le)(le)(le)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。“夫財(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害在(zai)(zai)(zai)聚(ju)。銀(yin)者(zhe)(zhe)，易(yi)聚(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物也(ye)。”要(yao)(yao)促進商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁榮發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕，“救今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)，當廢(fei)銀(yin)而(er)用(yong)錢(qian)(qian)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·更(geng)(geng)幣(bi)》）。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)認(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)，用(yong)銅錢(qian)(qian)取(qu)代(dai)白(bai)銀(yin)，商(shang)品交換才(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)更(geng)(geng)好地得以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)進行，并可(ke)消除(chu)白(bai)銀(yin)易(yi)聚(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弊，發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)貸(dai)(dai)(dai)幣(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)作(zuo)用(yong)。
他的社會政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)啟(qi)蒙(meng)思想，集(ji)中反映在(zai)(zai)(zai)他歷(li)30年(nian)而成的《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)》中。是書(shu)原為《衡書(shu)》13篇(pian)(pian)，“衡”表示“志在(zai)(zai)(zai)權衡天下(xia)”之(zhi)(zhi)意，后因“連蹇不(bu)遇(yu)”，只得將其潛(qian)(qian)(qian)存起來，遂加以補充，改名為《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)》。《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)》共97篇(pian)(pian)論(lun)文，分為上下(xia)兩篇(pian)(pian)。上篇(pian)(pian)論(lun)學(xue)術，重在(zai)(zai)(zai)闡發“盡性(xing)”與“事(shi)功(gong)”相(xiang)(xiang)互統一的心(xin)性(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)；下(xia)篇(pian)(pian)論(lun)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)，旨在(zai)(zai)(zai)講求實治(zhi)(zhi)實功(gong)抑(yi)尊富(fu)民的治(zhi)(zhi)世之(zhi)(zhi)術。潘(pan)耒稱(cheng)其“論(lun)學(xue)術則尊孟宗王，貴心(xin)得，賤口(kou)耳，痛(tong)排(pai)俗學(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)陋；論(lun)治(zhi)(zhi)道則崇儉尚樸，損勢抑(yi)威(wei)，省大(da)吏，汰冗官，欲(yu)君民相(xiang)(xiang)親如一家(jia)，乃可為治(zhi)(zhi)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)·潘(pan)序》）因此，《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)》“上觀天道，下(xia)察人(ren)事(shi)，遠正古跡(ji)，近度今宜，根(gen)于心(xin)而致之(zhi)(zhi)行，如在(zai)(zai)(zai)其位(wei)而謀其政(zheng)(zheng)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)·潛(qian)(qian)(qian)存》）是書(shu)不(bu)僅奠定了唐甄在(zai)(zai)(zai)清初啟(qi)蒙(meng)思潮中的歷(li)史地位(wei)，而且對(dui)當(dang)時的儒學(xue)思想發展也產(chan)生了深遠的影響。
唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另一(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)組成(cheng)部(bu)分(fen)，是其(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)對傳統(tong)儒學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反思(si)(si)認(ren)識中，提出了(le)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與事(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)相(xiang)互(hu)統(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)學(xue)(xue)(xue)說(shuo)(shuo)。他(ta)(ta)繼承(cheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揚了(le)從孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)到王(wang)守(shou)仁(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)學(xue)(xue)(xue)思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)，尖銳批(pi)判了(le)程朱(zhu)(zhu)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)末流只談心(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)重(zhong)(zhong)事(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空疏陋習(xi)(xi)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)最(zui)為(wei)推(tui)崇孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)，孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)具體地涵蓋了(le)“圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論，“甄(zhen)(zhen)雖不(bu)(bu)(bu)敏，愿學(xue)(xue)(xue)孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)焉。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·潛(qian)(qian)(qian)存》）同(tong)時，他(ta)(ta)又(you)認(ren)為(wei)，自孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后，最(zui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)領悟(wu)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，當推(tui)陸(lu)九淵、王(wang)守(shou)仁(ren)(ren)二(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)、陸(lu)九淵、王(wang)守(shou)仁(ren)(ren)為(wei)什么能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠執圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)樞、得(de)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)認(ren)為(wei)這(zhe)就(jiu)在(zai)于(yu)他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)心(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“堯舜以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來，傳道(dao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)傳心(xin)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·宗(zong)孟(meng)》），唯有(you)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)得(de)識圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，這(zhe)是學(xue)(xue)(xue)問之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)入們(men)(men)。因(yin)(yin)此，他(ta)(ta)在(zai)繼承(cheng)了(le)孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“盡(jin)(jin)(jin)心(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”和(he)(he)王(wang)守(shou)仁(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“致(zhi)(zhi)良(liang)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)，又(you)進一(yi)步闡發(fa)(fa)(fa)了(le)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)理(li)論。他(ta)(ta)認(ren)為(wei)，良(liang)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、心(xin)、性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是一(yi)個東西，綜合(he)為(wei)“道(dao)”，“道(dao)由(you)心(xin)致(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)由(you)外(wai)致(zhi)(zhi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·格定》），“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地與道(dao)際(ji)，心(xin)與天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地際(ji)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·敬修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)》）。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)統(tong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地，備(bei)萬物(wu)(wu)”，“心(xin)具天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地，統(tong)萬物(wu)(wu)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·良(liang)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》）。性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)即(ji)是仁(ren)(ren)義禮(li)智(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)德(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，“四(si)德(de)(de)我自所(suo)有(you)，非(fei)由(you)外(wai)鑠”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)仁(ren)(ren)義禮(li)智(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)合(he)于(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地萬物(wu)(wu)，即(ji)是盡(jin)(jin)(jin)心(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，始乃(nai)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。他(ta)(ta)認(ren)為(wei)，“良(liang)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)致(zhi)(zhi)，本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)心(xin)乃(nai)見(jian)(jian)，仁(ren)(ren)義禮(li)智(zhi)(zhi)俱(ju)為(wei)實功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”，實功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)即(ji)表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)“仁(ren)(ren)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)濟天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)”，“義能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)制天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)”，“禮(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)范天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)”，“智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)周(zhou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·宗(zong)孟(meng)》）。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)指出，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就(jiu)是以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)仁(ren)(ren)義禮(li)智(zhi)(zhi)四(si)德(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)合(he)于(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地萬物(wu)(wu)，這(zhe)是儒學(xue)(xue)(xue)思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)質特征，經(jing)世(shi)(shi)致(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)、救世(shi)(shi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)是圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)宗(zong)旨。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“儒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)貴者(zhe)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)定亂、除暴、安百姓也(ye)。若(ruo)儒者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)……但(dan)取(qu)自完(wan)，何(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)異于(yu)匹(pi)(pi)夫匹(pi)(pi)婦乎？”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·辨(bian)(bian)儒》）因(yin)(yin)此，他(ta)(ta)既批(pi)判了(le)道(dao)家只重(zhong)(zhong)“養(yang)生(sheng)”和(he)(he)佛家但(dan)求“明死”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出世(shi)(shi)思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)，又(you)著重(zhong)(zhong)揭(jie)斥了(le)程朱(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)“但(dan)明己性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，無救于(yu)世(shi)(shi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空疏陋習(xi)(xi)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)認(ren)為(wei)，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與事(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)二(er)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)割裂，而(er)是彼(bi)此統(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)，“修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)非(fei)內(nei)也(ye)，功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)非(fei)外(wai)也(ye)”，“自內(nei)外(wai)分(fen)，仲尼(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)裂矣，民不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)生(sheng)矣”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·良(liang)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》），“修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)身(shen)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)為(wei)一(yi)帶(dai)，取(qu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)身(shen)割治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)，亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)身(shen)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》），不(bu)(bu)(bu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)；只修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)，亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)。盡(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與事(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是相(xiang)互(hu)統(tong)一(yi)彼(bi)此融合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，裂一(yi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)半。故(gu)他(ta)(ta)認(ren)為(wei)，程朱(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)實能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)窮性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原，有(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)于(yu)儒家學(xue)(xue)(xue)說(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，但(dan)它只言(yan)(yan)心(xin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)重(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，“精(jing)內(nei)而(er)遺外(wai)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·有(you)為(wei)》），“彼(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)見(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，未(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)》），有(you)違(wei)于(yu)儒學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)宗(zong)旨。他(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)“終日言(yan)(yan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，而(er)卒不(bu)(bu)(bu)識性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)在(zai)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·宗(zong)孟(meng)》），“今于(yu)內(nei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)精(jing)致(zhi)(zhi)，于(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)外(wai)若(ruo)遺若(ruo)忘(wang)……名為(wei)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)，實非(fei)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)，即(ji)非(fei)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)》）唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)指出，程朱(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)，舍治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)而(er)求盡(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，既不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)己之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，亦無益于(yu)社會民生(sheng)。如(ru)何(he)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)？唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)提出了(le)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)合(he)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“世(shi)(shi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)德(de)(de)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)”，性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)二(er)者(zhe)同(tong)出一(yi)源而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)分(fen)，“盡(jin)(jin)(jin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)體，其(qi)(qi)(qi)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)自見(jian)(jian)”，才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)即(ji)是性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。因(yin)(yin)此，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)即(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮出性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，言(yan)(yan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)必(bi)(bi)言(yan)(yan)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，言(yan)(yan)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)必(bi)(bi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。他(ta)(ta)認(ren)為(wei)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，就(jiu)是其(qi)(qi)(qi)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)沒(mei)有(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。“四(si)德(de)(de)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，必(bi)(bi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)充；才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)充，必(bi)(bi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)未(wei)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)。”唯有(you)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)心(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，始能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)充才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，“心(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)明，則(ze)事(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)達；事(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)達，則(ze)所(suo)見(jian)(jian)多乖，所(suo)行多泥(ni)”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)》）。 唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)指出，盡(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)事(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，事(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)依賴(lai)于(yu)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)，非(fei)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)；功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)(jian)，非(fei)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·有(you)為(wei)》）仁(ren)(ren)義禮(li)智(zhi)(zhi)四(si)德(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是體現(xian).在(zai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)身(shen)，而(er)是體現(xian).在(zai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)上(shang)，通(tong)過性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，體現(xian).在(zai)對天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地萬物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)上(shang)。故(gu)他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“仁(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)道(dao)，內(nei)存未(wei)見(jian)(jian)，外(wai)行乃(nai)見(jian)(jian)；心(xin)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未(wei)見(jian)(jian)，物(wu)(wu)受乃(nai)見(jian)(jian)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)》）事(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)乃(nai)是盡(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)現(xian)和(he)(he)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，“事(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)，功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)立，又(you)奚貴無用(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)委其(qi)(qi)(qi)心(xin)而(er)放之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·辨(bian)(bian)儒》）因(yin)(yin)此，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)特別重(zhong)(zhong)視王(wang)守(shou)仁(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行合(he)一(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo)，他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行為(wei)二(er)，雖知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)猶無知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，雖致(zhi)(zhi)猶不(bu)(bu)(bu)致(zhi)(zhi)。知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行合(he)一(yi)者(zhe)，致(zhi)(zhi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行》）知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行合(he)一(yi)就(jiu)是盡(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)；盡(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)是儒者(zhe)為(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)現(xian)儒學(xue)(xue)(xue)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“我盡(jin)(jin)(jin)仁(ren)(ren)，必(bi)(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)育(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)；我盡(jin)(jin)(jin)義，必(bi)(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)裁天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)；我盡(jin)(jin)(jin)禮(li)，必(bi)(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)匡天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)；我盡(jin)(jin)(jin)智(zhi)(zhi)，必(bi)(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)照天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)。”（《潛(qian)(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)》）唯有(you)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)展(zhan)示儒學(xue)(xue)(xue)“窮理(li)盡(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至于(yu)命”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)己成(cheng)物(wu)(wu)、內(nei)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)外(wai)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。總之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)(si)想(xiang)(xiang)對近代社會啟蒙思(si)(si)潮(chao)產生(sheng)了(le)積極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。
唐甄在經濟生活方面，原有土地七十畝，可收租四十一石，江南稅重，清朝市井圖要納賦稅二(er)十石，去其收入(ru)一半，不(bu)足(zu)維持家(jia)計。遂賣(mai)去土地，以所(suo)入(ru)款項(xiang)六(liu)十多(duo)兩銀，從事(shi)商販，遂得粗(cu)安(an)。同時，由于其祖父唐(tang)自踩“居官廉，多(duo)惠政(zheng)，尤(you)振(zhen)興文(wen)(wen)教(jiao)”，父親唐(tang)階泰，剛毅明(ming)達，“當(dang)是時，朋黨附勢相(xiang)傾”，而“參議(階泰)獨立無所(suo)與”，唐(tang)甄出(chu)身于這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)家(jia)庭環境的(de)(de)教(jiao)養下，他(ta)的(de)(de)做人，出(chu)處進(jin)退，如鳳皇芝草，他(ta)的(de)(de)為文(wen)(wen)，提(ti)出(chu)了許多(duo)進(jin)步的(de)(de)經(jing)濟政(zheng)治觀(guan)點和(he)主張，這(zhe)當(dang)然不(bu)是偶然的(de)(de)了。
唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)重視(shi)理財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)經(jing)濟觀點，則(ze)在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶也(ye)(ye)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)。寶不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可竊(qie)(qie)，命(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可攘。圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)姓為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)子孫，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)四(si)(si)海(hai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)府(fu)庫，無(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)竊(qie)(qie)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)寶而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)攘其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)命(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)家(jia)(jia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)盈，婦子皆(jie)(jie)寧。反(fan)(fan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，輸(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)悻臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)，藏于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)巨室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)窟(ku)，蠹多(duo)則(ze)樹槁，癰肥則(ze)體敝，此(ci)窮(qiong)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源，治(zhi)亂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)(fen)也(ye)(ye)。”從唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)眼光看(kan)來(lai)，財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)必存之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)。國(guo)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)必先民(min)(min)(min)(min)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。只有(you)(you)(you)(you)這(zhe)樣，才(cai)能(neng)使國(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)經(jing)濟富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕(yu)起來(lai)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)堅決反(fan)(fan)對(dui)統(tong)治(zhi)階級(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)豪強(qiang)巨室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)民(min)(min)(min)(min)間財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)虐(nve)(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“虐(nve)(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)金，喪(sang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)金：取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，喪(sang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。充東門之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)鬻羊(yang)餐者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，業之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)世(shi)矣。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)妻子傭(yong)走之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬(shu)，食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)十馀(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。或誣其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)盜羊(yang)，罰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三石(shi)粟(su)。上(shang)(shang)獵其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)攘其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)十，盡(jin)鬻其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)釜甑(zeng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)未足(zu)也(ye)(ye)，遂(sui)失(shi)業而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)乞于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)道。此(ci)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)金，喪(sang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)金者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。潞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中有(you)(you)(you)(you)苗氏(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鐵(tie)治(zhi)，業之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)世(shi)。多(duo)致四(si)(si)方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賈，椎鑿鼓(gu)瀉擔(dan)挽，所(suo)(suo)藉(jie)(jie)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，常百(bai)(bai)馀(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。或誣其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主盜，上(shang)(shang)獵其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)攘其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)十，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)治(zhi)遂(sui)廢。向之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藉(jie)(jie)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)得(de)食，皆(jie)(jie)流亡(wang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)河(he)漳(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)。此(ci)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，喪(sang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。”由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)氏(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)山(shan)西長子縣做的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)小官，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)貧(pin)農小商生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)體會較深(shen)。且小生(sheng)(sheng)產者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，周圍關系甚(shen)(shen)多(duo)，彼此(ci)影(ying)響很(hen)大(da)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)受害，數(shu)家(jia)(jia)受累。指出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)虐(nve)(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良結果(guo)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)面他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)又和不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)虐(nve)(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)做了個(ge)比較。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)接(jie)(jie)著(zhu)(zhu)說(shuo)(shuo)：“虐(nve)(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)反(fan)(fan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。隴(long)右牧羊(yang)，河(he)北育豕(shi)，淮南飼鶩，湖(hu)濱繅絲，吳鄉(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)，編(bian)蓑(suo)織(zhi)席，皆(jie)(jie)至微之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業也(ye)(ye)。然而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)日(ri)息歲(sui)轉，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可勝(sheng)算。此(ci)皆(jie)(jie)操一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)金之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)，可致百(bai)(bai)金之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。里(li)(li)有(you)(you)(you)(you)千(qian)金之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)，嫁女娶婦，死喪(sang)生(sheng)(sheng)慶，疾病醫禱，燕飲(yin)裔(yi)愧，魚肉果(guo)蔬椒(jiao)桂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物，與之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)市(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)眾(zhong)矣。緡(min)錢(qian)緇銀，市(shi)販貸(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，石(shi)麥斛米(mi)，佃農貸(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，匹布尺帛，鄰里(li)(li)黨(dang)(dang)戚貸(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；所(suo)(suo)賴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)眾(zhong)矣。此(ci)藉(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)可為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)百(bai)(bai)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)養者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。海(hai)內之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)土不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)產，無(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)；歲(sui)月(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)計而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)自足(zu)，貧(pin)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)謀(mou)(mou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)相資(zi)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)故圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)無(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)術。因其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)自然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)擾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可勝(sheng)用矣。”唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)這(zhe)種(zhong)“歲(sui)月(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)計而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)自足(zu)，貧(pin)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)謀(mou)(mou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)相資(zi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)提法(fa)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)十分(fen)(fen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)見解的(de)(de)(de)(de)。今(jin).日(ri)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)千(qian)金之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)，明.日(ri)就可能(neng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)數(shu)個(ge)千(qian)金之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)，后.日(ri)就可能(neng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)百(bai)(bai)個(ge)千(qian)金之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)，這(zhe)種(zhong)從聯(lian)系發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點看(kan)問(wen)題(ti)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)進(jin)(jin)步意(yi)義的(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此(ci)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)植(zhi)柳(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)例，主張植(zhi)柳(liu)(liu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要折枝。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)接(jie)(jie)著(zhu)(zhu)說(shuo)(shuo)：“今(jin)夫柳(liu)(liu)，天下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)易生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物也(ye)(ye)；折尺寸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枝而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)植(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過三年而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)成樹。歲(sui)剪其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)枝，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)筐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)防河(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)掃(sao)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可勝(sheng)用也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)窮(qiong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用”，皆(jie)(jie)自尺寸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枝生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。若其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)始植(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時，有(you)(you)(you)(you)童子者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)拔而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)棄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。安望歲(sui)剪其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)枝以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)利用哉！其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)窮(qiong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用，皆(jie)(jie)自尺寸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枝絕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)擾民(min)(min)(min)(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，植(zhi)枝者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)，生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)已(yi)也(ye)(ye)；虐(nve)(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，拔枝者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)，絕其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)(ye)”。那(nei)末(mo)，虐(nve)(nve)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，究(jiu)竟是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)誰(shui)呢?依照唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)思(si)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)些(xie)(xie)貪官污吏。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們比盜賊(穴(xue)墻(qiang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)入(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe))，暴徒(群刃(ren)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)進(jin)(jin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe))、道劃(御旅于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)途者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe))、伙寇(kou)(寇(kou)至而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)誅者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe))都(dou)要兇狠得(de)多(duo)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：既亡(wang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)，復取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，轉亡(wang)轉取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，如(ru)填(tian)(tian)壑谷(gu)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)自問(wen)自答地(di)說(shuo)(shuo)：“天下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)害莫如(ru)貪，蓋(gai)十百(bai)(bai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)重賦焉。穴(xue)墻(qiang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)入(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)盡(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密藏。群刃(ren)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)進(jin)(jin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)奪人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田宅(zhai)，御旅于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)途者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)破人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，寇(kou)至誅焚者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)窮(qiong)山(shan)谷(gu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)偏四(si)(si)海(hai)。彼為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，星(xing)列于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，日(ri)夜(ye)獵人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)。所(suo)(suo)獲既多(duo)，則(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)陵(ling)己者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)負篋而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)去。既亡(wang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)，復于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，轉亡(wang)轉取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，如(ru)填(tian)(tian)壑谷(gu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可滿也(ye)(ye)。寇(kou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)盡(jin)世(shi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)民(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毒(du)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)貪吏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)逃于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間。”問(wen)題(ti)值得(de)深(shen)思(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)社會風(feng)氣(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)正(zheng)，就會使是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)非顛倒，黑白(bai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)，這(zhe)種(zhong)壞風(feng)氣(qi)，腐(fu)蝕人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想很(hen)深(shen)，千(qian)萬不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可低估。那(nei)些(xie)(xie)貪官，反(fan)(fan)被社會上(shang)(shang)視(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“能(neng)吏”。“市(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)慕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，鄉(xiang)黨(dang)(dang)尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，教子弟(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)勸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。反(fan)(fan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，那(nei)些(xie)(xie)廉吏，反(fan)(fan)被社會上(shang)(shang)視(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“無(wu)(wu)(wu)能(neng)”。“市(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)賤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，鄉(xiang)黨(dang)(dang)笑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，教子弟(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)戒(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)十分(fen)(fen)感慨地(di)說(shuo)(shuo)：“蓋(gai)貪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錮人(ren)(ren)(ren)心(xin)也(ye)(ye)甚(shen)(shen)矣！”那(nei)么，到底如(ru)何治(zhi)貧(pin)，如(ru)何改變這(zhe)種(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)呢？依照唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)思(si)，必須由上(shang)(shang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)地(di)來(lai)改變這(zhe)種(zhong)風(feng)氣(qi)。“人(ren)(ren)(ren)君能(neng)儉，則(ze)百(bai)(bai)官化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，庶民(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”這(zhe)就正(zheng)如(ru)孟子所(suo)(suo)說(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)好(hao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)必有(you)(you)(you)(you)甚(shen)(shen)焉者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)矣。這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)用教育的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)來(lai)移(yi)風(feng)易俗。當(dang)然，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)這(zhe)種(zhong)想法(fa)基本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)上(shang)(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)還不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)理解，在(zai)(zai)(zai)封(feng)建社會中，使統(tong)治(zhi)階級(ji)(ji)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)追隨者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)們不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)剝削人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)根(gen)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)辦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)們自己所(suo)(suo)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)階級(ji)(ji)所(suo)(suo)決定的(de)(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)依人(ren)(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)志為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)轉移(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。退一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步說(shuo)(shuo)，即使能(neng)做到上(shang)(shang)行下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)效，在(zai)(zai)(zai)階級(ji)(ji)社會中，小商品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)身也(ye)(ye)要兩(liang)極(ji)分(fen)(fen)化(hua)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)所(suo)(suo)說(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，重在(zai)(zai)(zai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)未有(you)(you)(you)(you)民(min)(min)(min)(min)貧(pin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)國(guo)能(neng)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“立(li)國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道無(wu)(wu)(wu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)，惟在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。自古未有(you)(you)(you)(you)國(guo)貧(pin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。夫富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)編(bian)戶，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)府(fu)庫。若編(bian)戶空虛(xu)，雖府(fu)庫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)積如(ru)丘山(shan)，實(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貧(pin)國(guo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)矣。”唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)較強(qiang)烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新興(xing)市(shi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)意(yi)識的(de)(de)(de)(de)啟(qi)蒙思(si)想家(jia)(jia)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)看(kan)到財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)積累的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要性(xing)，但(dan)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)產資(zi)料為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)誰(shui)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)上(shang)(shang)，認識是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)極(ji)模(mo)糊的(de)(de)(de)(de)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)甚(shen)(shen)至說(shuo)(shuo)：“千(qian)金之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可惠(hui)戚友，五倍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可惠(hui)鄰里(li)(li)，十倍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可惠(hui)鄉(xiang)黨(dang)(dang)，百(bai)(bai)倍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可惠(hui)國(guo)邑；天子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，可惠(hui)天下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。”他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，必先田市(shi)。”只要“農安于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)田，賈安于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)市(shi)”則(ze)“財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用足(zu)”。否則(ze)“農不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安田，賈不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安市(shi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)必貧(pin)。”唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo)，雖有(you)(you)(you)(you)時代局限性(xing)，但(dan)看(kan)法(fa)閎(hong)肆峭勁，盲人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢言，自成一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)家(jia)(jia)，當(dang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)愧。
唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視物質經(jing)濟生(sheng)(sheng)活，除(chu)谷物生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)外，在農(nong)(nong)，林，牧(mu)(mu)、副(fu)，漁(yu)中，他(ta)(ta)尤重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視養蠶(can)(can)(can)業。這和(he)他(ta)(ta)曾(ceng)任長(chang)子縣知縣以及他(ta)(ta)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視事物的(de)(de)(de)哲學(xue)觀是(shi)(shi)(shi)分不(bu)(bu)開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)。《教蠶(can)(can)(can)》云：“吳(wu)絲衣天下，聚于(yu)雙林，吳(wu)越(yue)閩(min)番至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)海(hai)(hai)島，皆來市(shi)焉。五月，載銀而至(zhi)(zhi)，委積如瓦礫。吳(wu)南諸鄉(xiang)。歲有(you)(you)百十萬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)益。是(shi)(shi)(shi)以雖(sui)賦重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)困窮，民(min)未至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)空虛，室(shi)廬(lu)舟楫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)繁庶，勝于(yu)他(ta)(ta)所。此(ci)蠶(can)(can)(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厚也(ye)。四(si)月務蠶(can)(can)(can)，無(wu)男女老幼，蘋力(li)靡他(ta)(ta)。無(wu)稅無(wu)荒，以三旬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勞。無(wu)農(nong)(nong)四(si)時之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久，而半(ban)其利。此(ci)蠶(can)(can)(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)貴也(ye)。”可(ke)見他(ta)(ta)十分重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視蠶(can)(can)(can)桑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利。他(ta)(ta)認為(wei)，養蠶(can)(can)(can)“以三旬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勞，無(wu)農(nong)(nong)時之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久，而半(ban)其利。”也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)說，只花費(fei)三十天的(de)(de)(de)勞動(dong)，就(jiu)可(ke)獲得半(ban)于(yu)耕種之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利。因此(ci)，他(ta)(ta)主張(zhang)，不(bu)(bu)可(ke)廢(fei)海(hai)(hai)內無(wu)窮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利，使民(min)不(bu)(bu)得厚其生(sheng)(sheng)。他(ta)(ta)接著說：“三代以下，廢(fei)海(hai)(hai)內無(wu)窮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利，使民(min)不(bu)(bu)得厚其生(sheng)(sheng)，乃患民(min)貪(tan)，生(sheng)(sheng)財無(wu)術(shu)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)猶家有(you)(you)寶藏而不(bu)(bu)知發，而汲(ji)汲(ji)臘腌果蔬(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)鬻(yu)也(ye)。盍亦謀諸此(ci)與！吾欲使桑偏(pian)海(hai)(hai)內，有(you)(you)禾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土必有(you)(you)桑焉！然亦非易也(ye)！”其原(yuan)因就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“安之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久者(zhe)(zhe)難(nan)(nan)創，習(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慣者(zhe)(zhe)難(nan)(nan)作。約法而民(min)不(bu)(bu)信，施教而民(min)不(bu)(bu)從，則(ze)樹殖亦不(bu)(bu)可(ke)就(jiu)。”欲達到家家有(you)(you)桑可(ke)種，則(ze)必須(xu)除(chu)政府帶(dai)頭提(ti)倡外，要(yao)(yao)獎(jiang)勤罰(fa)懶。對(dui)(dui)人民(min)群眾獎(jiang)懲的(de)(de)(de)標準，不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)依據領(ling)導(dao)的(de)(de)(de)好惡，而是(shi)(shi)(shi)取決生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)好壞。勤者(zhe)(zhe)，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)多(duo)(duo)，則(ze)獎(jiang)勵；惰者(zhe)(zhe)，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)少，則(ze)懲罰(fa)。賞罰(fa)嚴明，自然會促進生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高，副(fu)業的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，對(dui)(dui)國(guo)民(min)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)促進有(you)(you)直接的(de)(de)(de)關系。要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)到這些(xie)，首先要(yao)(yao)人盡(jin)其勞，地(di)盡(jin)其利。然后(hou)才(cai)能談到推廣合理密植(zhi)。改進蠶(can)(can)(can)種繅絲等(deng)。在江南一帶(dai)，大都為(wei)桑蠶(can)(can)(can)種場，不(bu)(bu)象山東，河南，還有(you)(you)很多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)柞蠶(can)(can)(can)種場及蓖(bi)麻(ma)蠶(can)(can)(can)種場。這就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)因地(di)制宜。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一個重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)(nong)思想家，他(ta)(ta)十分重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視勤勞致富。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)(nong)思想，和(he)清代其他(ta)(ta)人比(bi)較(jiao)起來，思想還是(shi)(shi)(shi)比(bi)較(jiao)解放的(de)(de)(de)。其言經(jing)濟則(ze)注重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)，棉桑樹牧(mu)(mu)富民(min)為(wei)先，返(fan)樸崇儉，無(wu)不(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)益于(yu)經(jing)國(guo)濟世。誠如張(zhang)廷樞所說：“其文(wen)馳(chi)騁反復，如列子御風，翩然騫舉，又如淮陰將兵，多(duo)(duo)多(duo)(duo)益善。本(ben)其自得于(yu)心者(zhe)(zhe)，暢所欲言，無(wu)艱難(nan)(nan)勞苦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)態(tai)，而與道大適。”實乃公(gong)允之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)論(lun)。
唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)重視(shi)商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)。他(ta)(ta)反(fan)對過去傳統的(de)抑商(shang)(shang)政(zheng)(zheng)策。在唐(tang)氏(shi)看(kan)來(lai)，商(shang)(shang)人(ren)的(de)地位(wei)，并(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)比農(nong)民低些。他(ta)(ta)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)就(jiu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)。而且并(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)自(zi)(zi)(zi)卑。下(xia)(xia)面是(shi)(shi)他(ta)(ta)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)在現身說(shuo)法(fa)(fa)：“有(you)(you)言(yan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)可(ke)賈(jia)(jia)者。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)賤鬻(yu)(yu)其(qi)田(tian)(tian)，得六十余金，使(shi)衷及(ji)原販于(yu)(yu)震澤，賣(mai)于(yu)(yu)吳(wu)市(shi)，有(you)(you)少(shao)利(li)(li)焉。己(ji)而經(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得失(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)常(chang)，乃遷于(yu)(yu)城東，虛其(qi)堂，己(ji)居(ju)于(yu)(yu)內不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)出(chu)，使(shi)衷原為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)矛，主經(jing)(jing)(jing)客，有(you)(you)少(shao)利(li)(li)焉。在唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)看(kan)來(lai)，經(jing)(jing)(jing)商(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)牙，亦救死之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)術，沒有(you)(you)什(shen)么(me)(me)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)體(ti)面的(de)地方，至于(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)般社會(hui)上的(de)陳舊(jiu)看(kan)法(fa)(fa)，說(shuo)什(shen)么(me)(me)“民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)道，土(tu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貴，農(nong)次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，惟賈(jia)(jia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)。賈(jia)(jia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)者，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)利(li)(li)也。是(shi)(shi)故君子(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)貨幣，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)問贏絀。一(yi)(yi)涉于(yu)(yu)此(ci)，謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賈(jia)(jia)風，必(bi)深恥(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”又(you)說(shuo)什(shen)么(me)(me)“夫賈(jia)(jia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)，牙為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尤(you)下(xia)(xia)，”這(zhe)種(zhong)賤視(shi)商(shang)(shang)人(ren)的(de)觀(guan)點，唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)也是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同意的(de)。既然(ran)呂尚可(ke)以賣(mai)飯于(yu)(yu)盂津，那么(me)(me)唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)牙于(yu)(yu)吳(wu)市(shi)，又(you)有(you)(you)什(shen)么(me)(me)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)呢?“其(qi)義(yi)一(yi)(yi)也”。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)每(mei)以田(tian)(tian)市(shi)并(bing)列，農(nong)賈(jia)(jia)并(bing)稱。他(ta)(ta)在《達政(zheng)(zheng)》中(zhong)說(shuo)：“養民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)，十有(you)(you)八焉：勸農(nong)豐谷，土(tu)田(tian)(tian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)荒(huang)蕪，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上善(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)一(yi)(yi)。……居(ju)貨不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)棄商(shang)(shang)賈(jia)(jia)如歸(gui)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)善(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)一(yi)(yi)……學(xue)校殿廡常(chang)新，春秋享祀必(bi)敬，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)善(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)一(yi)(yi)。……”這(zhe)可(ke)以反(fan)映唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)對善(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)看(kan)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)他(ta)(ta)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)的(de)標準的(de)。他(ta)(ta)把(ba)“居(ju)貨不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欺，商(shang)(shang)賈(jia)(jia)如歸(gui)”列為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)善(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)又(you)在《太子(zi)(zi)(zi)》篇(pian)內這(zhe)樣說(shuo)，“凡教(jiao)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)，觀(guan)于(yu)(yu)桑(sang)，則知(zhi)衣服所自(zi)(zi)(zi)出(chu)，觀(guan)于(yu)(yu)肆，則知(zhi)器用所自(zi)(zi)(zi)出(chu)。凡教(jiao)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)，過市(shi)，則見販鬻(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勞(lao)，在途，則見負(fu)擔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勞(lao)。……”如果他(ta)(ta)輕(qing)視(shi)工(gong)商(shang)(shang)業(ye)(ye)者，又(you)怎(zen)樣會(hui)這(zhe)樣說(shuo)呢?他(ta)(ta)是(shi)(shi)肯(ken)定了(le)商(shang)(shang)人(ren)有(you)(you)“販鬻(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勞(lao)”的(de)。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)的(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟觀(guan)點是(shi)(shi)在十七世(shi)紀上半(ban)期形(xing)(xing)成的(de)。這(zhe)個時(shi)(shi)(shi)期，正是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)社會(hui)劇(ju)烈變化的(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代。這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)資(zi)本(ben)主義(yi)萌(meng)芽的(de)最初形(xing)(xing)態，已稀(xi)疏地出(chu)現.在東南(nan)沿海一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)(yi)些個別城市(shi)的(de)手工(gong)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)部(bu)門(men)中(zhong)，然(ran)后緩慢地通過這(zhe)樣或那樣的(de)形(xing)(xing)式滲透農(nong)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟部(bu)門(men)中(zhong)。在歐洲，人(ren)們見到的(de)是(shi)(shi)‘資(zi)本(ben)主義(yi)生(sheng)產(chan)方式開始于(yu)(yu)手工(gong)業(ye)(ye)，只是(shi)(shi)到后來(lai)才(cai)使(shi)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)從屑(xie)于(yu)(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)。”這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)情況(kuang)，中(zhong)國(guo)亦毫無例外。唐(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)正處在這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期，因此(ci)他(ta)(ta)的(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟思想(xiang)就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)打著(zhu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代的(de)烙印。
唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)觀，充(chong)分(fen)(fen)表露在他(ta)所(suo)(suo)寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)《更幣(bi)(bi)(bi)》、《存言(yan)》等(deng)(deng)篇(pian)中(zhong)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)弄清(qing)清(qing)朝(chao)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)經(jing)濟(ji)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)來(lai)龍去脈，有(you)(you)(you)必(bi)(bi)要(yao)把他(ta)所(suo)(suo)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)代背景作(zuo)一(yi)(yi)簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)回顧(gu)(gu)。清(qing)朝(chao)入關后，給(gei)(gei)東南沿(yan)海一(yi)(yi)帶人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)帶來(lai)了(le)極其(qi)沉重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)災難。這(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)引(yin)起(qi)廣大(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)抗斗爭，而(er)(er)且持續達數十年之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久。江(jiang)南人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)剃發斗爭，閩廣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)遷海斗爭，引(yin)起(qi)巨烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方動亂，貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)貶(bian)值，物(wu)(wu)價(jia)高漲，民(min)(min)(min)風(feng)日玩(wan)，尊稱(cheng)漸褻。特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)群眾日常生活有(you)(you)(you)血肉(rou)相連(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)價(jia)問題與(yu)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)使(shi)用問題，成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)廣大(da)群眾最為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)關心的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)對(dui)(dui)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用主(zhu)張(zhang)用錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)而(er)(er)廢銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。他(ta)說(shuo)：“古者(zhe)言(yan)富，唯在五(wu)谷(gu)；至于(yu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)易(yi)(yi)(yi)，則有(you)(you)(you)龜、貝、金(jin)(jin)(jin)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)、刀(dao)布之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)。其(qi)后以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)三(san)(san)品，亦重(zhong)(zhong)在錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。后乃專以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，而(er)(er)珠、玉(yu)、龜、貝、銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)、錫(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬(shu)，但為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)器(qi)用，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)。自明以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來(lai)，乃專以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。至于(yu)今(jin)(jin)，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)日益少(shao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)世用。有(you)(you)(you)千(qian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產者(zhe)常旬月不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見銖兩；谷(gu)賤(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)飯，肉(rou)贖不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)食，布帛賤(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)衣，鬻谷(gu)肉(rou)布帛者(zhe)亦卒不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)衣食，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)少(shao)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。”銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)少(shao)，則價(jia)昂(ang)；價(jia)昂(ang)，則不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)；不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)，則百貨(huo)(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)，百貨(huo)(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)，則良(liang)賈(jia)失業?良(liang)賈(jia)失業，則市(shi)(shi)(shi)場蕭條。最終是(shi)(shi)(shi)引(yin)起(qi)經(jing)濟(ji)恐慌和惡性循(xun)環(huan)。他(ta)說(shuo)：“當今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世，無人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)窮，非窮于(yu)財，窮于(yu)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)。于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)楓橋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)，粟(su)(su)(su)麥壅(yong)積(ji)，南濠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)。百貨(huo)(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)；良(liang)賈(jia)失業，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)旋(xuan)歸。萬金(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)五(wu)七年而(er)(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宴人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)，子既數見之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。”其(qi)實(shi)(shi)，這(zhe)個(ge)問題，許多(duo)啟蒙思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)家和唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)觀點是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)。顧(gu)(gu)炎(yan)武(wu)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)這(zhe)樣說(shuo)過(guo)：“唐(tang)(tang)(tang)宋以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前，上(shang)下(xia)通(tong)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)，一(yi)(yi)皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)而(er)(er)已，未(wei)嘗用銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。”顧(gu)(gu)氏(shi)主(zhu)張(zhang)，實(shi)(shi)與(yu)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)氏(shi)相同。此(ci)(ci)外顧(gu)(gu)氏(shi)尚(shang)有(you)(you)(you)《明錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)法(fa)論》、《以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)賦(fu)(fu)》等(deng)(deng)，皆(jie)主(zhu)行(xing)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)什(shen)么唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)反(fan)對(dui)(dui)用白(bai)(bai)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)呢?根據唐(tang)(tang)(tang)氏(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)看法(fa)，其(qi)理(li)由有(you)(you)(you)三(san)(san)：一(yi)(yi)，白(bai)(bai)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)缺少(shao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠周轉。正如上(shang)文所(suo)(suo)言(yan)，“至于(yu)今(jin)(jin)，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)日益少(shao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)世用，”如此(ci)(ci)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。二，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)易(yi)(yi)(yi)窖藏，民(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)。“夫財之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害在聚(ju)，銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)者(zhe)，易(yi)(yi)(yi)聚(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)，范(fan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)圜(yuan)定(ding)(ding)，旋(xuan)絲(si)白(bai)(bai)燦(can)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)貪愛(ai)。……蓋銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)易(yi)(yi)(yi)聚(ju)，如水歸壑。”三(san)(san)、銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)錫(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬(shu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)。他(ta)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)只可(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)器(qi)用，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)。此(ci)(ci)與(yu)顧(gu)(gu)炎(yan)武(wu)所(suo)(suo)言(yan)同。依照唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)觀點，應當廢銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)用錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谷(gu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)輔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)其(qi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)易(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)。”他(ta)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)獨行(xing)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，還(huan)要(yao)大(da)量鑄制(zhi)，大(da)量使(shi)用，他(ta)對(dui)(dui)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場上(shang)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)收縮，十分(fen)(fen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滿。他(ta)說(shuo)：“今(jin)(jin)雖用錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過(guo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)易(yi)(yi)(yi)魚肉(rou)果蔬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，米石以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)，布帛匹以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)，則必(bi)(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，涓(juan)涓(juan)細流，奚補(bu)于(yu)世?!錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)者(zhe)，泉也(ye)(ye)，必(bi)(bi)如江(jiang)河之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流而(er)(er)后可(ke)博濟(ji)也(ye)(ye)。”但是(shi)(shi)(shi)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)觀來(lai)看，他(ta)本(ben)身也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)矛盾的(de)(de)(de)(de)。他(ta)主(zhu)張(zhang)廢銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)用錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。這(zhe)和西歐重(zhong)(zhong)商(shang)主(zhu)義者(zhe)重(zhong)(zhong)視金(jin)(jin)(jin)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)成鮮明的(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)比。但他(ta)又(you)希望市(shi)(shi)(shi)場上(shang)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)籌碼要(yao)多(duo)些，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)死氣沉沉。既要(yao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)充(chong)斥，也(ye)(ye)要(yao)緡(min)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)增多(duo)。這(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)使(shi)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)處(chu)于(yu)困惑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)。如果我們(men)深入探刻唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)話，還(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)難發現，他(ta)除主(zhu)張(zhang)廢除白(bai)(bai)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)外，還(huan)主(zhu)張(zhang)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)工錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)和實(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)工錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)并用。“凡祿九個(ge)石以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)，皆(jie)令(ling)受粟(su)(su)(su)。度(du)宮朝(chao)官軍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)用，皆(jie)令(ling)輸，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)粟(su)(su)(su)而(er)(er)給(gei)(gei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)在州(zhou)郡縣，常賦(fu)(fu)皆(jie)令(ling)輸。凡祿三(san)(san)千(qian)石以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)，皆(jie)令(ling)受粟(su)(su)(su)。度(du)城郭兵役之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)用，皆(jie)今(jin)(jin)輸緡(min)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)附(fu)錄而(er)(er)給(gei)(gei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)在邊防、內屯、將(jiang)祿、卒食、皆(jie)令(ling)受粟(su)(su)(su)。度(du)甲(jia)胄(zhou)衣履之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)用，皆(jie)令(ling)運(yun)緡(min)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)附(fu)栗而(er)(er)給(gei)(gei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)考慮(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)廢銀(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)行(xing)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，沒有(you)(you)(you)考慮(lv)(lv)到(dao)(dao)（1）“錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)重(zhong)(zhong)難行(xing)，民(min)(min)(min)商(shang)必(bi)(bi)病。”(2)“銅不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)采，又(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)。”(3)“民(min)(min)(min)欲難拂(fu)，俗尚(shang)難移。”同時(shi)，處(chu)于(yu)封建晚期的(de)(de)(de)(de)明清(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)際，貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)地(di)租正在以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)破竹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勢向(xiang)前發展，而(er)(er)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)卻強調“實(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)地(di)租”的(de)(de)(de)(de)借尸還(huan)魂，這(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)很難使(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)理(li)解(jie)了(le)。當然，在整個(ge)清(qing)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史長河中(zhong)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)種貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)(bi)思(si)潮也(ye)(ye)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)孤(gu)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)；唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)批判思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)他(ta)所(suo)(suo)蘊育出的(de)(de)(de)(de)近代民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些清(qing)代學者(zhe)都起(qi)到(dao)(dao)了(le)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。
《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)》（1705）是(shi)唐甄(zhen)遺世(shi)的(de)(de)唯一著(zhu)(zhu)作，也(ye)是(shi)他最(zui)重要的(de)(de)著(zhu)(zhu)作。起(qi)初(chu)名(ming)叫《衡書(shu)(shu)》，初(chu)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)只有13篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，署(shu)名(ming)唐大陶(tao)。后(hou)來逐漸增加到97篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，并改名(ming)《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)》，署(shu)名(ming)唐甄(zhen)。唐甄(zhen)在(zai)其(qi)書(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)《潛(qian)(qian)存》篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)中說，他撰(zhuan)述此書(shu)(shu)“歷三十(shi)年，累而(er)存之，分為(wei)上(shang)(shang)下篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。言學(xue)(xue)者系(xi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，凡五十(shi)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)；言治者系(xi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)下篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，號日(ri)《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)》。上(shang)(shang)觀天道，下察人(ren)事，遠正古(gu)跡，近度今宜(yi)，根于(yu)(yu)(yu)心而(er)致之行(xing)，如在(zai)其(qi)位而(er)謀其(qi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”。據有關資料考證(zheng)，《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)》的(de)(de)刊(kan)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)時間是(shi)清康熙四十(shi)四年(1705)，由唐甄(zhen)的(de)(de)女婿(xu)王聞遠刊(kan)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)行(xing)于(yu)(yu)(yu)世(shi)，這是(shi)最(zui)早的(de)(de)原(yuan)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)本(ben)。此后(hou)有1883年的(de)(de)李氏刻(ke)(ke)(ke)本(ben)和(he)1905年的(de)(de)鄧氏刻(ke)(ke)(ke)本(ben)，均是(shi)原(yuan)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)本(ben)的(de)(de)翻(fan)版。新刻(ke)(ke)(ke)本(ben)有中華書(shu)(shu)局出版的(de)(de)1955年版本(ben)，1963年又(you)出版了增訂本(ben)，1984年又(you)第4次印刷。《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)》是(shi)唐甄(zhen)的(de)(de)論(lun)(lun)文集，在(zai)體例上(shang)(shang)模(mo)仿漢代王充的(de)(de)《論(lun)(lun)衡》。全書(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)內容不在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)引經注典，更(geng)不同于(yu)(yu)(yu)漢后(hou)諸(zhu)儒(ru)的(de)(de)文字章句(ju)之學(xue)(xue)，而(er)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)針對(dui)時弊，吸取(qu)明(ming)末政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治腐敗導致農(nong)民起(qi)義(yi)的(de)(de)教(jiao)訓，提出一系(xi)列抨擊君權(quan)專制和(he)倡導以(yi)民為(wei)本(ben)的(de)(de)進步的(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)觀點和(he)主張，旨在(zai)善(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)養民，摒(bing)棄程朱理學(xue)(xue)，以(yi)實學(xue)(xue)濟世(shi)扶危(wei)，治國(guo)平天下。《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)(shu)》97篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，分上(shang)(shang)、下篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，上(shang)(shang)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)又(you)分上(shang)(shang)下兩部分，上(shang)(shang)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)共(gong)21篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，自(zi)“辨儒(ru)”至“勸學(xue)(xue)”；上(shang)(shang)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)下共(gong)29篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，自(zi)“取(qu)善(shan)”至“博觀”。下篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)亦分為(wei)上(shang)(shang)、下兩部分，下篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)自(zi)“尚(shang)治”至“柅政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”共(gong)24篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)；下篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)下自(zi)“惰(duo)貧”至“潛(qian)(qian)存”共(gong)23篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。全書(shu)(shu)主要是(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)論(lun)(lun)文，一部分是(shi)教(jiao)育(yu)著(zhu)(zhu)作。論(lun)(lun)述教(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)有：辨儒(ru)、宗孟、法(fa)王、知(zhi)行(xing)、性才、自(zi)明(ming)、敬修、講學(xue)(xue)、勸學(xue)(xue)、取(qu)善(shan)、五經、得師、太(tai)子、明(ming)悌、誨子、博觀、用賢(xian)、教(jiao)蠶、全學(xue)(xue)、審知(zhi)等諸(zhu)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。
《潛書》上述(shu)諸教(jiao)(jiao)育篇所闡述(shu)的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)育主(zhu)(zhu)張，是以其反對君權(quan)專制政治(zhi)和(he)宋明理學空談心性(xing)學風為基礎的(de)，表現出鮮明的(de)民主(zhu)(zhu)政治(zhi)傾(qing)向和(he)崇尚尊重個性(xing)與(yu)實(shi)學學風的(de)價值取向。《潛書》教(jiao)(jiao)育篇章中，論述(shu)的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)育主(zhu)(zhu)張主(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)如下幾個方面(mian)：
重釋儒教
其一，以(yi)“盡性(xing)達才”、“明(ming)功辨義”的觀(guan)點重(zhong)新解(jie)釋儒家教(jiao)育的目的與作用。
在(zai)(zai)《辨儒(ru)》篇中，唐甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)指(zhi)出：“圣(sheng)(sheng)賢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言，因時而(er)(er)(er)(er)變，所以(yi)(yi)救其(qi)(qi)失(shi)也”。儒(ru)家(jia)(jia)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)說是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)道計(ji)功(gong)(gong)(gong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)于世(shi)治的(de)(de)(de)，“儒(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言功(gong)(gong)(gong)”的(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)點是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)儒(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)歪曲。“儒(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)貴者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)定亂(luan)、除暴、安百(bai)姓(xing)也”，如(ru)果事不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)，功(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)立，儒(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)又有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)什(shen)么用(yong)(yong)呢？他(ta)批(pi)評(ping)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)代以(yi)(yi)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)所謂(wei)儒(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)，空(kong)事圣(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言，而(er)(er)(er)(er)“樹(shu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)則無(wu)(wu)聞焉”。什(shen)么叫做(zuo)功(gong)(gong)(gong)呢？唐甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)兵(bing)、農(nong)、刑(xing)、谷利于百(bai)姓(xing)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)治亂(luan)安邦(bang)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)使百(bai)姓(xing)安居樂，能(neng)(neng)(neng)“廣(guang)濟天下”，即(ji)是(shi)(shi)實功(gong)(gong)(gong)。針對(dui)(dui)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)理(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)只(zhi)講修(xiu)(xiu)心養(yang)性(xing)(xing)，以(yi)(yi)致“端居恭默”、“無(wu)(wu)所施(shi)張”、空(kong)知無(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)流弊，指(zhi)出光知“性(xing)(xing)德”而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知“性(xing)(xing)才(cai)”是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知儒(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)真(zhen)諦(di)的(de)(de)(de)。所謂(wei)“性(xing)(xing)才(cai)”就是(shi)(shi)通(tong)過“良(liang)知”的(de)(de)(de)“自(zi)修(xiu)(xiu)”，由道德本體之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“心”所煥發并(bing)作用(yong)(yong)于客觀(guan)事物的(de)(de)(de)才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。“如(ru)火有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)光”。光的(de)(de)(de)大小和(he)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)暗不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同，人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)“性(xing)(xing)才(cai)”亦有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大小，但作為(wei)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)來(lai)講，唯在(zai)(zai)“盡性(xing)(xing)達(da)才(cai)”。他(ta)認為(wei)：“性(xing)(xing)統天地(di)，備(bei)萬物。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)相天地(di)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)育(yu)萬物，于彼(bi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)闕，即(ji)己有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)闕”。“性(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)才(cai)，故無(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)周。何以(yi)(yi)圣(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)乃能(neng)(neng)(neng)周世(shi)，后(hou)儒(ru)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)周身？蓋善(shan)修(xiu)(xiu)則周，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)善(shan)修(xiu)(xiu)則不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)周”。宋(song)(song)(song)(song)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)理(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)只(zhi)講“盡性(xing)(xing)”而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言“盡才(cai)”，故無(wu)(wu)實功(gong)(gong)(gong)可樹(shu)。他(ta)說：“后(hou)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)政者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，心不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，則事不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)達(da)；事不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)達(da)，則所見多乖，所行(xing)(xing)(xing)多泥。徒(tu)抱空(kong)性(xing)(xing)，終于自(zi)廢，何以(yi)(yi)性(xing)(xing)為(wei)!”在(zai)(zai)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)上批(pi)評(ping)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)理(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)心性(xing)(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)養(yang)論(lun)(lun)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)未能(neng)(neng)(neng)“盡性(xing)(xing)達(da)才(cai)”的(de)(de)(de)錯誤教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)，并(bing)指(zhi)出這(zhe)種(zhong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)實踐是(shi)(shi)棄“仁”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。相反，陽明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)“致良(liang)知”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，“一(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)貫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)如(ru)日(ri)月，涉險履(lv)危，四通(tong)八辟(pi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)礙也。其(qi)(qi)見于行(xing)(xing)(xing)事者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，使人(ren)各(ge)當其(qi)(qi)才(cai)，慮(lv)事各(ge)得其(qi)(qi)宜；處(chu)患難而(er)(er)(er)(er)能(neng)(neng)(neng)全其(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)，遇小人(ren)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失(shi)其(qi)(qi)正，委蛇自(zi)遂，卒(zu)保其(qi)(qi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)”，是(shi)(shi)“盡性(xing)(xing)達(da)才(cai)”“明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)功(gong)(gong)(gong)辨義”的(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)儒(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。唐甄(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)主(zhu)張廢宋(song)(song)(song)(song)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)程朱理(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)陽明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)致良(liang)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)主(zhu)張是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)末清初所奉(feng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)獨(du)尊文教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)政策的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個挑(tiao)戰，反映了(le)他(ta)對(dui)(dui)儒(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)價(jia)值(zhi)觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)造。
教育目標
其二，提(ti)出“全學(xue)(xue)(xue)”教育(yu)內容(rong)，把傳統(tong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)內容(rong)由單純的書(shu)本知識(shi)擴大到現實生活與生產(chan)以及軍事知識(shi)技能范圍，以培養(yang)“全學(xue)(xue)(xue)人(ren)”為教育(yu)目標。
在《全(quan)學(xue)(xue)》篇，唐(tang)(tang)甄指(zhi)出(chu)：“學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)善獨(du)身，居平(ping)世(shi)，仁(ren)義(yi)足矣(yi)，而(er)非全(quan)學(xue)(xue)也(ye)”。所謂“全(quan)學(xue)(xue)”，即包括(kuo)仁(ren)、義(yi)、兵(bing)三(san)方面的(de)內(nei)容(rong)。仁(ren)與(yu)義(yi)是歷來(lai)(lai)(lai)儒家特別是宋明理學(xue)(xue)家所提倡的(de)，但兵(bing)則為(wei)(wei)(wei)儒者(zhe)(zhe)所不(bu)齒。唐(tang)(tang)甄說(shuo)：“君子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)學(xue)(xue)也(ye)，不(bu)可以不(bu)知(zhi)兵(bing)”。“不(bu)知(zhi)兵(bing)，則仁(ren)義(yi)無(wu)用，而(er)國(guo)因(yin)(yin)以亡矣(yi)”。他(ta)批評宋明理學(xue)(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)只講仁(ren)義(yi)而(er)恥(chi)于(yu)言兵(bing)，結果忠(zhong)臣(chen)孝子(zi)雖多(duo)，但一(yi)遇社(she)稷不(bu)幸，“君臣(chen)震懾”，為(wei)(wei)(wei)“不(bu)仁(ren)”、“不(bu)義(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)虜，國(guo)破家亡。由此(ci)(ci)，他(ta)說(shuo)：“所貴乎儒者(zhe)(zhe)，伐暴而(er)天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)暴除，誅亂(luan)(luan)而(er)天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亂(luan)(luan)定，養(yang)民(min)而(er)天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)安”。在《教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)蠶》篇中(zhong)，唐(tang)(tang)甄認為(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)代以下，官吏不(bu)知(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)民(min)田桑，“廢海內(nei)無(wu)窮(qiong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利，使民(min)不(bu)得厚其生，乃患民(min)貧，生財無(wu)術(shu)”。有(you)鑒如此(ci)(ci)，他(ta)主(zhu)張(zhang)廣教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)民(min)學(xue)(xue)習種(zhong)桑養(yang)蠶以及(ji)飼繅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法，使“有(you)禾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土必有(you)桑焉”。在《勸學(xue)(xue)》篇中(zhong)，他(ta)批評后世(shi)儒者(zhe)(zhe)，將(jiang)儒家學(xue)(xue)說(shuo)裂為(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)學(xue)(xue)、事功、道(dao)(dao)學(xue)(xue)殊途，“習為(wei)(wei)(wei)迂闊無(wu)用于(yu)世(shi)，是以有(you)薄而(er)不(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)”，喪失了儒學(xue)(xue)及(ji)其為(wei)(wei)(wei)學(xue)(xue)的(de)根本。他(ta)反復強(qiang)(qiang)調學(xue)(xue)以致用，應當把教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)內(nei)容(rong)擴大到現(xian)實政治(zhi)、生產與(yu)生活中(zhong)來(lai)(lai)(lai)，不(bu)要囿于(yu)心性道(dao)(dao)德一(yi)途。他(ta)尖銳指(zhi)出(chu)：“國(guo)家五(wu)十年來(lai)(lai)(lai)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)政者(zhe)(zhe)無(wu)一(yi)人(ren)以富(fu)(fu)民(min)為(wei)(wei)(wei)事，上言者(zhe)(zhe)無(wu)一(yi)人(ren)以富(fu)(fu)民(min)為(wei)(wei)(wei)言”，是不(bu)知(zhi)“立國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)”“惟在于(yu)富(fu)(fu)”，以致“四(si)海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)，日益(yi)貧窮(qiong)，農空(kong)、工空(kong)、市空(kong)、仕空(kong)”。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)他(ta)主(zhu)張(zhang)以“生養(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)”作為(wei)(wei)(wei)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)內(nei)容(rong)，移風(feng)易俗，使國(guo)與(yu)家富(fu)(fu)強(qiang)(qiang)。
其三(san)，提出尊(zun)師重傅以加強皇(huang)太子教育的(de)主張。
在(zai)《得師》篇中，唐(tang)(tang)甄稱譽(yu)伊尹教(jiao)太甲、周公(gong)訓成(cheng)王，提出(chu)“君德(de)必成(cheng)于學，而學必得師保”的(de)命題。他(ta)以為一國政治的(de)好(hao)壞往往取決于君王的(de)德(de)智才學，因此(ci)皇太子的(de)教(jiao)育尤其重要。如何教(jiao)太子呢？唐(tang)(tang)甄在(zai)《太子》篇中系統地闡述了有關教(jiao)育原則(ze)與方法：
(1)尊師(shi)重傅(fu)，即天子(zi)以身作(zuo)則(ze)尊重師(shi)傅(fu)，只有樹立師(shi)傅(fu)的尊嚴(yan)，才能使太(tai)子(zi)抑尊處卑。在(zai)作(zuo)法上，打(da)破南(nan)面臨(lin)師(shi)傅(fu)，把師(shi)傅(fu)作(zuo)為下(xia)屬之臣看待的傳(chuan)統，真正使太(tai)子(zi)處于學生地位，“進退(tui)唯命”。
(2)讓(rang)太子接觸社(she)會(hui)實際，“春使視耕，夏使視耘，秋使視獲，冬使視藏(zang)”，從而知道(dao)生養(yang)之道(dao)。除了了解農業外(wai)，還應當觀于桑(sang)、牧(mu)、牢、澤、圃、山(shan)、肆(si)、市、道(dao)等，從而知道(dao)衣(yi)服、車乘、鼎俎(zu)、魚(yu)鱉、果蔬、材木(mu)、器用(yong)等來之不易，知道(dao)商人、兵士、勞(lao)(lao)役(yi)等的勞(lao)(lao)苦。
(3)注(zhu)意教(jiao)育環境(jing)，不(bu)要(yao)異(yi)宮而處，異(yi)庖而食，異(yi)笥而衣，生活上不(bu)搞特殊化，同時還要(yao)禁止同宮女、宦官(guan)的(de)接觸，因為女色(se)傷身，宦官(guan)害(hai)政，這是明代政治(zhi)腐敗(bai)最慘重的(de)兩個方面。
(4)嚴格(ge)要求，“有過必(bi)撻”。唐(tang)甄主張如果(guo)太子(zi)不(bu)接受師教(jiao)，不(bu)尊師傅(fu)，不(bu)敬不(bu)禮(li)大臣，知而不(bu)行(xing)，不(bu)知農事(shi)農窮，不(bu)知物土人勞，受了教(jiao)育(yu)而無實際行(xing)動(dong)，都(dou)應(ying)當“撻之”。實行(xing)嚴格(ge)教(jiao)育(yu)是(shi)使太子(zi)成為治國(guo)之君(jun)的必(bi)要條件。
在(zai)《得師》篇中指出，太子(zi)身貴，但“心無貴賤”，“是故天(tian)(tian)子(zi)學同于士，懼而篤學，當百于士”。唐甄打破君權神授的天(tian)(tian)命論，從(cong)建立理想(xiang)的國家政治目(mu)的出發，寄希望(wang)于儲君的教(jiao)養，在(zai)思(si)想(xiang)和理論上都有超越前人(ren)之處。
其四(si)，提出治(zhi)化(hua)之(zhi)源(yuan)在于吏治(zhi)的(de)政教(jiao)思想，批(pi)評學校教(jiao)育(yu)的(de)局限性。
這一觀點是針對明末東林黨人過(guo)份(fen)夸大學校教育的(de)政治作用而提(ti)出的(de)。東林黨人封建私塾
顧憲成(cheng)認為興學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)以(yi)教(jiao)天下(xia)是治亂之本(ben)，學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)育對上有正(zheng)君正(zheng)職官的作用，對下(xia)則有“洽于鄉(xiang)里”使“民易使”的效果。所以(yi)他們主張在野之士廣結盟社，興書院，造成(cheng)一(yi)種(zhong)以(yi)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)議政(zheng)監(jian)政(zheng)和(he)改變(bian)社會的風(feng)氣。
唐甄(zhen)在《尚治(zhi)(zhi)》篇中指出，這種觀點雖是“善言”但不(bu)能行(xing)。原因在于“講學(xue)(xue)必樹(shu)黨(dang)，樹(shu)黨(dang)必爭(zheng)進退，使(shi)學(xue)(xue)者扳援(yuan)奔趨(qu)而(er)失其本(ben)心”。認為讀書人(ren)以講學(xue)(xue)來干預政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)的(de)想法和行(xing)動，在客觀上根本(ben)達不(bu)到目的(de)，相反(fan)只能使(shi)“議論害治(zhi)(zhi)”，“使(shi)人(ren)尚浮(fu)夸而(er)喪其實”。因為國家政(zheng)(zheng)權操縱于皇帝一人(ren)之手，加(jia)之所御各級官吏(li)極(ji)力(li)維護君(jun)主獨裁，所以知(zhi)識分子的(de)力(li)量是微不(bu)足道的(de)，學(xue)(xue)校教育的(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)作用也是很有局限的(de)。
在《富民(min)(min)》篇(pian)中，唐(tang)甄(zhen)指出人(ren)民(min)(min)之所(suo)(suo)以貧(pin)窮，國家之所(suo)(suo)以不(bu)得治，不(bu)是教(jiao)育無(wu)(wu)功(gong)，而(er)是貪(tan)官之害不(bu)除。官吏之貪(tan)有甚(shen)于(yu)執刃的(de)盜(dao)賊，“夫盜(dao)不(bu)盡人(ren)，寇不(bu)盡世(shi)，而(er)民(min)(min)之毒(du)于(yu)貪(tan)吏者，無(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)逃于(yu)天地之間”。
在《考功》篇中指出(chu)；“天(tian)(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)官(guan)(guan)皆棄(qi)民(min)之(zhi)官(guan)(guan)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)事皆棄(qi)民(min)之(zhi)事，是(shi)舉(ju)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)父兄子弟盡推之(zhi)于溝壑也，欲得治(zhi)乎？”所以(yi)，治(zhi)國(guo)富民(min)的關鍵在于整頓吏治(zhi)，除(chu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下貪官(guan)(guan)。但如(ru)何達到(dao)吏治(zhi)呢(ni)？唐(tang)甄并(bing)沒有找到(dao)什么(me)有效措(cuo)施(shi)，卻又回到(dao)教育(yu)(yu)問題上來。他提倡通過(guo)教育(yu)(yu)使上自君(jun)主下至百官(guan)(guan)要以(yi)民(min)為(wei)(wei)本(ben)，以(yi)身作則(ze)，去貪養(yang)(yang)廉，論(lun)功舉(ju)賢，足(zu)食以(yi)養(yang)(yang)民(min)。顯然，這(zhe)些也是(shi)一種無能為(wei)(wei)力的幻想(xiang)。
總之，《潛書(shu)》所散論的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)思(si)想在(zai)很大程度上是在(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)立場(chang)和觀點基礎上闡發的(de)(de)，帶有(you)(you)(you)濃厚的(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)論性色彩。在(zai)上述觀點中(zhong)，提倡實學(xue)(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)與(yu)目的(de)(de)，指陳教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)作(zuo)用的(de)(de)局限性，以及(ji)在(zai)論述教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)與(yu)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)關(guan)系和批評宋明理學(xue)(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)流(liu)弊等方面，確(que)有(you)(you)(you)樸素的(de)(de)民主(zhu)主(zhu)義政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)傾向和開創(chuang)實學(xue)(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)風氣的(de)(de)作(zuo)用。但在(zai)其他篇(pian)章(zhang)中(zhong)，唐甄(zhen)反復強(qiang)調倫理道(dao)德教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)，特別是在(zai)有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)家教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)方面，表現出強(qiang)烈的(de)(de)禁欲主(zhu)義、男尊(zun)女(nv)卑、君權(quan)至尚等傾向，加之階(jie)級的(de)(de)局限，看不到勞動者的(de)(de)力量，并且著(zhu)意貶低(di)士林清議政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用，流(liu)露出消(xiao)極(ji)悲觀的(de)(de)情緒。如(ru)果剔除這些(xie)消(xiao)極(ji)因素，在(zai)今.天，《潛書(shu)》中(zhong)的(de)(de)進步教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)主(zhu)張對于啟(qi)發人們認識(shi)和批判中(zhong)國傳(chuan)統教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)是有(you)(you)(you)幫助的(de)(de)。
唐(tang)甄是清代初期(qi)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)社會啟蒙思想家。他(ta)的(de)(de)一生“困于(yu)遠游，厄于(yu)人事”唐(tang)甄的(de)(de)思想對后世產生深遠影響
唐甄(zhen)的社會啟(qi)蒙(meng)(meng)思想，主要表現.在他對封建專制制度(du)的深(shen)刻批(pi)判，以及由此出(chu)發提出(chu)的具(ju)有初步民主意識的政治(zhi)主張。他不僅繼承發揚了明清之際(ji)啟(qi)蒙(meng)(meng)思想家的經世傳統和批(pi)判精神，而且具(ju)體提出(chu)了救(jiu)治(zhi)社會弊(bi)端的實際(ji)措(cuo)施。
唐(tang)甄的(de)社(she)會(hui)政(zheng)治啟蒙思想，首先表現.在他(ta)猛(meng)烈抨擊了封建專制制度下的(de)君主順治官吏(li)的(de)殘暴罪行，提出了抑制君主至尊權勢、倡導社(she)會(hui)人人平等的(de)政(zheng)治主張(zhang)。
唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)認為(wei)，在自(zi)秦以(yi)(yi)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)封建(jian)(jian)專(zhuan)制制度的(de)(de)(de)社會中(zhong)，至(zhi)高無上的(de)(de)(de)封建(jian)(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)，不(bu)(bu)僅是(shi)掠(lve)奪天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)財(cai)富的(de)(de)(de)最大盜(dao)賊(zei)(zei)，而且是(shi)慘(can)(can)殺(sha)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)命的(de)(de)(de)罪(zui)惡兇手(shou)。他(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“自(zi)秦以(yi)(yi)來(lai)(lai)，凡為(wei)帝王者(zhe)皆賊(zei)(zei)也……殺(sha)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)而取其匹布斗粟(su)，猶(you)謂之(zhi)(zhi)賊(zei)(zei)；殺(sha)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)而盡其布粟(su)之(zhi)(zhi)富，而反不(bu)(bu)謂之(zhi)(zhi)賊(zei)(zei)乎(hu)(hu)？”（《潛書(shu)·室語(yu)》）唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)明確而尖銳地指出，封建(jian)(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)至(zhi)尊(zun)權(quan)勢的(de)(de)(de)取得和專(zhuan)制極(ji)權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)統治，是(shi)建(jian)(jian)立在殺(sha)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、掠(lve)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)財(cai)的(de)(de)(de)殘(can)(can)暴(bao)(bao)野蠻(man)行為(wei)上的(de)(de)(de)。他(ta)指出，二千多年的(de)(de)(de)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)專(zhuan)制社會，就是(shi)一(yi)(yi)部“殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)如麻”、“血流(liu)漂杵”的(de)(de)(de)悲(bei)慘(can)(can)歷史。他(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)：“周(zhou)秦以(yi)(yi)后(hou)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)將豪杰，皆鼓刀之(zhi)(zhi)屠(tu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。”（《潛書(shu)·止殺(sha)》）“蓋自(zi)秦以(yi)(yi)來(lai)(lai)，屠(tu)殺(sha)二千余年，不(bu)(bu)可究止。嗟乎(hu)(hu)！何(he)帝王盜(dao)賊(zei)(zei)之(zhi)(zhi)毒至(zhi)于如此其極(ji)哉(zai)！”（《潛書(shu)·全學(xue)》）唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)認為(wei)，雖然“殺(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)眾手(shou)，實天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)大手(shou)。”（《潛書(shu)·室語(yu)》）暴(bao)(bao)虐君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)殘(can)(can)害(hai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)罪(zui)魁禍首，他(ta)們并(bing)非(fei)什么“德(de)比唐(tang)(tang)(tang)虞，功過湯武”的(de)(de)(de)仁君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，而是(shi)“慘(can)(can)刻少恩，譎詐無實”（《潛書(shu)·仁師(shi)》）的(de)(de)(de)獨夫民(min)賊(zei)(zei)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步揭露說(shuo)(shuo)，竊國屠(tu)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)殘(can)(can)暴(bao)(bao)無道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)封建(jian)(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)，是(shi)導致國家動亂、民(min)眾涂(tu)炭的(de)(de)(de)根源(yuan)。他(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)，自(zi)秦以(yi)(yi)來(lai)(lai)，“君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)無道(dao)也多矣(yi)，民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)樂其生(sheng)也久矣(yi)”（《潛書(shu)·鮮(xian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)》）。民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)樂其生(sheng)，源(yuan)于君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)無道(dao)。他(ta)指出：“治天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)者(zhe)惟君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。治亂非(fei)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)能(neng)為(wei)也，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)也。”“小人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”、“女子(zi)寺人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”、“奸雄盜(dao)賊(zei)(zei)”亂天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)，皆由君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)無道(dao)所(suo)致，
“懦君(jun)(jun)(jun)蓄亂，辟君(jun)(jun)(jun)生亂，暗君(jun)(jun)(jun)召亂，暴君(jun)(jun)(jun)激亂”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·鮮君(jun)(jun)(jun)》）。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這些禍國殃民(min)、惡貫滿(man)盈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封(feng)建(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)慰(wei)藉(jie)則(ze)厲言(yan)：其(qi)(qi)上(shang)帝使我治(zhi)殺(sha)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)獄，我則(ze)有以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)處(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。匹夫(fu)無(wu)(wu)故而殺(sha)人(ren)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)一(yi)身抵一(yi)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死(si)，斯足矣；有天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)無(wu)(wu)故而殺(sha)人(ren)，雖(sui)(sui)百(bai)其(qi)(qi)身不(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)抵其(qi)(qi)殺(sha)一(yi)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)。（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·室語(yu)》）他指(zhi)出，即使以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)極刑(xing)(xing)去處(chu)(chu)死(si)暴君(jun)(jun)(jun)昏主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，亦難(nan)(nan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)抵其(qi)(qi)屠戮禍害(hai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)又無(wu)(wu)情(qing)痛(tong)斥了(le)(le)專制(zhi)制(zhi)度下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封(feng)建(jian)官(guan)(guan)吏(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)暴罪(zui)(zui)(zui)行(xing)(xing)。他指(zhi)出，遍布(bu)四(si)海(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)(tan)官(guan)(guan)污吏(li)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅不(bu)(bu)(bu)去推行(xing)(xing)賢(xian)明君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)善政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，而且日夜獵取(qu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)民(min)眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財富。他們“明于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)家(jia)而昧于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)國”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·存言(yan)》），莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)謀(mou)私而貪(tan)(tan)利。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)賢(xian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)善政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，他們“上(shang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文責下(xia)(xia)，下(xia)(xia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文蒙上(shang)”，不(bu)(bu)(bu)去躬行(xing)(xing)實施，相互欺瞞推諉，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疾苦，他們坐視(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)救(jiu)，棄(qi)置不(bu)(bu)(bu)顧，“雖(sui)(sui)田園荒蕪，廬舍傾倒，而不(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)顧也(ye)(ye)；雖(sui)(sui)父兄(xiong)凍(dong)餓，子(zi)弟(di)(di)死(si)亡，而莫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恤也(ye)(ye)。”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·柅(ni)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)》）唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)指(zhi)出，橫征(zheng)(zheng)暴斂(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)(tan)官(guan)(guan)污吏(li)，其(qi)(qi)害(hai)甚于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)窮(qiong)兇極惡殺(sha)人(ren)越貸(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盜(dao)賊匪(fei)寇(kou)(kou)。他說(shuo)：穴墻而入者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)發人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密藏(zang)；群刃而進者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)奪人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田宅；御旅于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)途者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)破人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)室；寇(kou)(kou)至誅焚者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)窮(qiong)山谷(gu)而遍四(si)海(hai)(hai)。彼為(wei)吏(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，星列(lie)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)，日夜獵人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財……如填壑谷(gu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)滿(man)也(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)盜(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)盡人(ren)，寇(kou)(kou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)盡世，而民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毒于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)吏(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，無(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)逃(tao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)。（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·富民(min)》）因(yin)此，“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)寬仁(ren)而恤民(min)”，四(si)海(hai)(hai)民(min)眾仍(reng)困(kun)窮(qiong)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)依舊難(nan)(nan)治(zhi)理，皆(jie)是“公卿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過也(ye)(ye)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·存言(yan)》）。他說(shuo)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)難(nan)(nan)治(zhi)，人(ren)皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)民(min)難(nan)(nan)治(zhi)也(ye)(ye)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)難(nan)(nan)治(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，非(fei)民(min)也(ye)(ye)，官(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)。凡茲庶民(min)，茍非(fei)亂人(ren)，亦唯(wei)求其(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)樂，避其(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)苦，曷(he)嘗好(hao)犯(fan)上(shang)法以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)與(yu)上(shang)為(wei)難(nan)(nan)也(ye)(ye)！論政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)察所(suo)(suo)由，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)法令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)利于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)行(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)柅(ni)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)良，釋官(guan)(guan)而罪(zui)(zui)(zui)民(min)，此所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)難(nan)(nan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)與(yu)言(yan)治(zhi)與(yu)。”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·柅(ni)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)》）他進一(yi)步揭露說(shuo)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)皆(jie)棄(qi)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)皆(jie)棄(qi)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，是舉(ju)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父兄(xiong)子(zi)弟(di)(di)盡推之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)溝壑也(ye)(ye)，欲治(zhi)得乎！”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·考功》）因(yin)此，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)殘(can)害(hai)棄(qi)虐百(bai)姓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)(tan)官(guan)(guan)污吏(li)，必(bi)須盡行(xing)(xing)革除，嚴懲(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)殆，“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)刑(xing)(xing)狐鼠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)刑(xing)(xing)豺(chai)狼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)，而重(zhong)工業刑(xing)(xing)匿狐鼠、養豺(chai)狼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·權實》），“刑(xing)(xing)自(zi)貴始(shi)(shi)，自(zi)寵始(shi)(shi)，自(zi)近始(shi)(shi)”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·卿牧》）。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)在(zai)對(dui)封(feng)建(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)官(guan)(guan)吏(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)暴罪(zui)(zui)(zui)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)揭露批判(pan)中(zhong)，深刻地(di)認識(shi)到，無(wu)(wu)道君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專制(zhi)統治(zhi)，貪(tan)(tan)官(guan)(guan)污吏(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橫征(zheng)(zheng)暴斂(lian)，導致了(le)(le)國家(jia)社(she)(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)亂和(he)四(si)海(hai)(hai)民(min)眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)窮(qiong)困(kun)，然其(qi)(qi)最終根源，則(ze)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)秦(qin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封(feng)建(jian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)專制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會(hui)制(zhi)度。因(yin)此，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)提(ti)(ti)出了(le)(le)抑(yi)制(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)至尊(zun)(zun)權勢(shi)、倡導社(she)(she)會(hui)人(ren)人(ren)平等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)啟蒙思想，闡述了(le)(le)救(jiu)治(zhi)現實社(she)(she)會(hui)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)弊端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)措(cuo)施。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)徹底否定了(le)(le)君(jun)(jun)(jun)權神授的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統觀念，提(ti)(ti)出了(le)(le)抑(yi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)張。他提(ti)(ti)出，“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)，非(fei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)大(da)神也(ye)(ye)，皆(jie)人(ren)也(ye)(ye)。”（《潛(qian)書(shu)(shu)·抑(yi)尊(zun)(zun)》）。
“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)雖(sui)尊(zun)，亦人(ren)(ren)也”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·善游》）。封(feng)(feng)建君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)并不(bu)(bu)是(shi)什(shen)么“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)大神(shen)”，而(er)(er)(er)只是(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普通一人(ren)(ren)。但(dan)(dan)是(shi)，由(you)于封(feng)(feng)建君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)具有(you)至高無(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)地(di)(di)位(wei)(wei)和(he)總攬一切的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕對(dui)權(quan)(quan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，因(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)(er)導致了(le)(le)(le)“人(ren)(ren)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)在(zai)(zai)(zai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)，與(yu)帝同體(ti)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)圣(sheng)光(guang)環，出(chu)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)“人(ren)(ren)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賤視其(qi)臣民(min)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)犬馬(ma)蟲蟻不(bu)(bu)類(lei)于我也”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·抑(yi)尊(zun)》）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)至尊(zun)威勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)指出(chu)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)至尊(zun)地(di)(di)位(wei)(wei)和(he)絕對(dui)權(quan)(quan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，必(bi)將導致君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尊(zun)而(er)(er)(er)自(zi)蔽，賢人(ren)(ren)退(tui)而(er)(er)(er)治(zhi)道(dao)(dao)遠。因(yin)(yin)此，只有(you)抑(yi)制(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)至尊(zun)權(quan)(quan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，才(cai)能(neng)避免政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)腐敗(bai)黑暗，民(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)遂其(qi)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會弊端(duan)。他(ta)認為，抑(yi)制(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)至尊(zun)權(quan)(quan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，首先要加強(qiang)提出(chu)公卿民(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)權(quan)(quan)力，允許臣吏諫(jian)政(zheng)(zheng)于朝，士(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)議(yi)政(zheng)(zheng)于學，庶人(ren)(ren)謗政(zheng)(zheng)于道(dao)(dao)。同時，還要在(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)央政(zheng)(zheng)府設(she)制(zhi)冢(zhong)宰、司徒、宗伯、司馬(ma)、司寇、司空的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“六卿”職(zhi)官，限制(zhi)和(he)約(yue)束(shu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)至尊(zun)權(quan)(quan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，使(shi)他(ta)們(men)敢(gan)于“攻(gong)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過”，“攻(gong)宮闈(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過”，“攻(gong)帝族、攻(gong)后族、攻(gong)寵貴”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過。其(qi)次，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)指出(chu)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)必(bi)須自(zi)覺抑(yi)制(zhi)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尊(zun)威權(quan)(quan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，“位(wei)(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)者，必(bi)處(chu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·抑(yi)尊(zun)》）。在(zai)(zai)(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)活動(dong)中(zhong)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)則要平(ping)(ping)(ping)等(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)對(dui)待臣吏百(bai)姓，“接(jie)賤士(shi)(shi)(shi)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)見公卿，臨匹夫(fu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)對(dui)上(shang)(shang)帝”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·善施(shi)》），虛(xu)心地(di)(di)接(jie)受臣民(min)議(yi)政(zheng)(zheng)，“勿己之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)，惟道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歸”，“人(ren)(ren)無(wu)(wu)賢愚，皆我師也”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·六善》）。在(zai)(zai)(zai)日常(chang)生(sheng)活中(zhong)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)則要“處(chu)身如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)農夫(fu)，殿陛如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)田(tian)舍，衣食(shi)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)貧士(shi)(shi)(shi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·尚治(zhi)》），“貴為天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)，亦可以庶人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夫(fu)婦處(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·去奴》），與(yu)民(min)同情，從民(min)所(suo)欲。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)嚴厲地(di)(di)指出(chu)，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)果不(bu)(bu)能(neng)抑(yi)制(zhi)自(zi)己尊(zun)威權(quan)(quan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，一味殘(can)暴不(bu)(bu)義(yi)，無(wu)(wu)道(dao)(dao)于民(min)，那么，歷史的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展趨勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，必(bi)將徹底摧毀君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)力地(di)(di)位(wei)(wei)、身家(jia)性命。到(dao)時，“雖(sui)九(jiu)州(zhou)為宅，九(jiu)川為防，九(jiu)山為阻(zu)，破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)榷雀卵也；雖(sui)盡荊蠻(man)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)金以為兵，盡畿省之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)籍以為卒(zu)，推之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)蹶弱童也。”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·遠諫(jian)》）唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)還批判了(le)(le)(le)封(feng)(feng)建綱(gang)(gang)常(chang)倫(lun)理，提出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)社(she)(she)會平(ping)(ping)(ping)等(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初步(bu)民(min)主(zhu)思想。他(ta)指出(chu)，“圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)尊(zun)卑(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)，將使(shi)順而(er)(er)(er)率之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，非使(shi)亢(kang)而(er)(er)(er)遠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·抑(yi)尊(zun)》）。但(dan)(dan)是(shi)，封(feng)(feng)建專(zhuan)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為臣綱(gang)(gang)、父(fu)為子(zi)綱(gang)(gang)、夫(fu)為妻綱(gang)(gang)、男(nan)尊(zun)女(nv)(nv)卑(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倫(lun)理綱(gang)(gang)常(chang)，卻(que)完全(quan)背離(li)了(le)(le)(le)圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)設(she)尊(zun)卑(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)意(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)“順而(er)(er)(er)率之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會作用；而(er)(er)(er)忠孝仁義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“美德”“大倫(lun)”，卻(que)由(you)于人(ren)(ren)們(men)“不(bu)(bu)正(zheng)其(qi)心，不(bu)(bu)得其(qi)方”（《潛(qian)(qian)書(shu)·破(po)祟》），而(er)(er)(er)成(cheng)為致人(ren)(ren)于死地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祟害(hai)。因(yin)(yin)此，唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)于封(feng)(feng)建綱(gang)(gang)常(chang)倫(lun)理道(dao)(dao)德，提出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)大膽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)懷(huai)疑和(he)否定(ding)(ding)。他(ta)指出(chu)，“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)故平(ping)(ping)(ping)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)則萬物(wu)各得其(qi)所(suo)。及其(qi)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)也，此厚而(er)(er)(er)彼薄，此樂而(er)(er)(er)彼憂”，政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)地(di)(di)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)等(deng)(deng)(deng)，經濟(ji)(ji)生(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)等(deng)(deng)(deng)，倫(lun)理關系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)等(deng)(deng)(deng)，必(bi)將導致天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)亂，人(ren)(ren)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)殺。人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)來本是(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)等(deng)(deng)(deng)相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)設(she)尊(zun)卑(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)意(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)“順而(er)(er)(er)率之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，但(dan)(dan)專(zhuan)制(zhi)社(she)(she)會卻(que)造成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)僮“亢(kang)而(er)(er)(er)遠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”極不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)等(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會關系。故唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)強(qiang)調(diao)，人(ren)(ren)們(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間，無(wu)(wu)論是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)、經濟(ji)(ji)、倫(lun)理關系上(shang)(shang)，都應當破(po)除封(feng)(feng)建綱(gang)(gang)常(chang)倫(lun)理之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祟，實現(xian)(xian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)民(min)、夫(fu)妻、男(nan)女(nv)(nv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會關系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)等(deng)(deng)(deng)相同。這樣(yang)，才(cai)能(neng)避免專(zhuan)制(zhi)社(she)(she)會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弊端(duan)危害(hai)，促進社(she)(she)會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進步(bu)發(fa)展。唐(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)(zhen)抨擊封(feng)(feng)建專(zhuan)制(zhi)、倡(chang)導社(she)(she)會平(ping)(ping)(ping)等(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)啟(qi)蒙(meng)思想，反映了(le)(le)(le)當時社(she)(she)會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展趨勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，具有(you)進步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史作用。
唐甄的社會啟蒙思想，還表現在他提出了“治道貴致其實”、“清朝社會生活線描圖立國惟在(zai)(zai)(zai)富(fu)民(min)(min)”的(de)政治主張。唐甄(zhen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)自身的(de)社會實(shi)(shi)踐活(huo)動中，深刻地認識到，國家社會的(de)動亂黑暗(an)，民(min)(min)眾生活(huo)的(de)艱難困窮，就在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)統治者沒有采取實(shi)(shi)行、實(shi)(shi)事、實(shi)(shi)治，以致(zhi)富(fu)于(yu)民(min)(min)的(de)政治措施。民(min)(min)眾生活(huo)的(de)困窮原因，還在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)“為政者不以富(fu)民(min)(min)為功(gong)(gong)”（《潛書·考功(gong)(gong)》）。
唐甄《養重》（《潛書(shu)》上篇下）
茍(gou)非仕而(er)得(de)(de)祿，及公卿敬禮而(er)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)下耕賈而(er)得(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，則(ze)財無(wu)(wu)(wu)可(ke)求(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。求(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，必為(wei)(wei)小人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)矣(yi)(yi)。我之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)賈為(wei)(wei)生(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，人(ren)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)辱(ru)其(qi)身(shen)，而(er)不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)所以(yi)不(bu)(bu)辱(ru)其(qi)身(shen)也(ye)。雖(sui)然(ran)，身(shen)為(wei)(wei)賈者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)已也(ye)。溺(ni)而(er)附木，孰如無(wu)(wu)(wu)溺(ni)。昔者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)荊(jing)州大水，饑者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)萬人(ren)，張居(ju)正為(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)，皆(jie)食而(er)活(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)時(shi)荊(jing)州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士二(er)(er)(er)百余人(ren)，賴食以(yi)活(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)五十(shi)人(ren)，其(qi)不(bu)(bu)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)田(tian)而(er)有(you)(you)(you)蓄(xu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。其(qi)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)無(wu)(wu)(wu)田(tian)而(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)蓄(xu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。于(yu)是(shi)得(de)(de)食者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)處(chu)于(yu)居(ju)正門下，大則(ze)貴，小則(ze)富。及居(ju)正沒，皆(jie)禁(jin)不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)進用焉。昔者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)蜀有(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)士曰駱純(chun)曰殷(yin)正，以(yi)文學(xue)稱。楊榮為(wei)(wei)相，使(shi)使(shi)奉書幣二(er)(er)(er)而(er)屬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)布政(zheng)(zheng)使(shi)曰：駱殷(yin)二(er)(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，蜀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雋(jun)士也(ye)，吾懷(huai)其(qi)人(ren)久矣(yi)(yi)，君其(qi)為(wei)(wei)我致(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)來。于(yu)是(shi)駱子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)貧而(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)妻，教生(sheng)徒于(yu)鄉里(li)(li)，殷(yin)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)富有(you)(you)(you)田(tian)園蓄(xu)牧山林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饒。駱子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)受書幣，越三日而(er)啟行(xing)(xing)。殷(yin)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)辭以(yi)疾(ji)，固(gu)不(bu)(bu)肯行(xing)(xing)。其(qi)友勸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)，殷(yin)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰：吾非不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)楊公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賢，可(ke)與為(wei)(wei)交(jiao)，且(qie)力能(neng)(neng)進用我也(ye)。然(ran)富貴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)客也(ye)，危疑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝不(bu)(bu)可(ke)居(ju)也(ye)，車馬(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上不(bu)(bu)如我山居(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安，公卿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祿不(bu)(bu)如我歲入(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)，舍己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安而(er)任人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)危，舍己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)而(er)受人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)，不(bu)(bu)待智者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)知(zhi)其(qi)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)矣(yi)(yi)。遂終身(shen)隱而(er)不(bu)(bu)出焉。夫荊(jing)士駱子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)守(shou)其(qi)節者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，食不(bu)(bu)足(zu)也(ye)。殷(yin)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)守(shou)其(qi)節者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，食足(zu)也(ye)。節之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)立(li)(li)，由于(yu)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)足(zu)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)。食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)人(ren)，豈不(bu)(bu)重(zhong)乎(hu)？其(qi)在古昔，諸侯能(neng)(neng)恭(gong)儉(jian)(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，保國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君也(ye)。大夫能(neng)(neng)恭(gong)儉(jian)(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，保家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主也(ye)。今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)士者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，何獨不(bu)(bu)然(ran)？若數口之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)，有(you)(you)(you)五十(shi)畝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)，儉(jian)(jian)而(er)守(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，可(ke)以(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)饑矣(yi)(yi)。有(you)(you)(you)百畝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)，儉(jian)(jian)而(er)守(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，可(ke)以(yi)自足(zu)矣(yi)(yi)。有(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)百畝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)，儉(jian)(jian)而(er)有(you)(you)(you)蓄(xu)焉，可(ke)以(yi)周親戚鄰(lin)里(li)(li)矣(yi)(yi)。顧(gu)有(you)(you)(you)此田(tian)實難，無(wu)(wu)(wu)則(ze)固(gu)窮，有(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，則(ze)儉(jian)(jian)守(shou)勿(wu)失，以(yi)遺子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孫。是(shi)立(li)(li)身(shen)垂后之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要道(dao)，不(bu)(bu)可(ke)不(bu)(bu)察也(ye)。
批判專制制度
唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)對君(jun)主(zhu)專(zhuan)制(zhi)制(zhi)度進(jin)行(xing)大膽的(de)(de)(de)(de)揭露和批判。他(ta)(ta)(ta)認為(wei)(wei)皇帝(di)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)，沒(mei)有什么神秘，并(bing)指(zhi)出(chu)皇帝(di)是(shi)(shi)一切罪惡的(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)源，他(ta)(ta)(ta)認為(wei)(wei)“自秦以(yi)來，凡帝(di)王者(zhe)皆賊(zei)也(ye)”，“殺一人(ren)(ren)而(er)取其匹(pi)布斗粟(su)，尤謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賊(zei)，殺天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)，而(er)盡有其不(bu)布粟(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富，而(er)反不(bu)謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賊(zei)乎？”，他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)為(wei)(wei)了(le)奪取皇位(wei)常(chang)常(chang)無(wu)故(gu)殺人(ren)(ren)，殘害百姓(xing)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)憤然地(di)說(shuo)：“川流潰決，必問(wen)為(wei)(wei)防之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren),比戶(hu)延(yan)燒,必罪失火之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu),至于(yu)國(guo)破家亡,流毒無(wu)窮……,非君(jun)其誰乎”(《潛書(shu)·遠諫(jian)》)。 唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)提出(chu)了(le)“抑尊”，即限制(zhi)君(jun)權的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)張，要求提高大臣的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)位(wei),使他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)具有同皇帝(di)及(ji)其他(ta)(ta)(ta)權貴作斗爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)權力(li)，以(yi)“攻(gong)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過”,“攻(gong)宮闈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過”,“攻(gong)帝(di)族、攻(gong)后族、攻(gong)寵貴”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過，使皇帝(di)有所顧忌。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)還(huan)發展了(le)產(chan)生于(yu)先(xian)秦的(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)本(ben)(ben)思想，強調民(min)(min)是(shi)(shi)國(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)本(ben)(ben)，離開了(le)民(min)(min)，便(bian)沒(mei)有國(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)指(zhi)出(chu)，國(guo)防靠(kao)民(min)(min)來鞏(gong)固，府庫(ku)靠(kao)民(min)(min)來充實，朝(chao)廷(ting)靠(kao)民(min)(min)來尊崇，官員(yuan)靠(kao)民(min)(min)來養(yang)活。君(jun)主(zhu)只有愛(ai)(ai)護人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)才能(neng)達到(dao)長(chang)治(zhi)久安的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)。如果(guo)無(wu)道(dao)(dao)于(yu)民(min)(min)，縱(zong)然“九州(zhou)為(wei)(wei)宅，九州(zhou)為(wei)(wei)防，九山(shan)為(wei)(wei)阻，破之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如椎雀卵也(ye)”(同前)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)對“官”也(ye)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)猛烈抨擊，他(ta)(ta)(ta)認為(wei)(wei)天(tian)下難治(zhi)，人(ren)(ren)們(men)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)難治(zhi)，實則不(bu)然，“難治(zhi)者(zhe)，非民(min)(min)也(ye)，官也(ye)。”他(ta)(ta)(ta)認為(wei)(wei)大多數官吏“為(wei)(wei)盜臣，為(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)賊(zei)”他(ta)(ta)(ta)還(huan)提出(chu)了(le)愛(ai)(ai)民(min)(min)、保(bao)民(min)(min)、富民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)政(zheng)策，主(zhu)張打擊貪官污吏，強調“刑(xing)先(xian)于(yu)貴”；呼吁(yu)政(zheng)府幫助(zhu)農民(min)(min)種值農桑，發展生產(chan)，提高人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)生活。針對當時貧富懸(xuan)殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會現(xian)象(xiang)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)提出(chu)貧富要相對平(ping)(ping)均(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)張。他(ta)(ta)(ta)指(zhi)出(chu)“天(tian)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)故(gu)平(ping)(ping),平(ping)(ping)則萬物(wu)各(ge)得(de)其所”(《潛書(shu)·大命》),否則，必然引起社(she)會動亂(luan)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)還(huan)提倡為(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)利(li)主(zhu)義，反對理學家們(men)“儒(ru)者(zhe)不(bu)計其功(gong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法。他(ta)(ta)(ta)認為(wei)(wei)儒(ru)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)可貴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)就在于(yu)它能(neng)定亂(luan)、除暴、安百姓(xing)。如果(guo)儒(ru)者(zhe)不(bu)言功(gong)，只顧自己，那(nei)就同一個(ge)匹(pi)夫匹(pi)婦沒(mei)有什么區別(bie)。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)甄(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)本(ben)(ben)思想對后世有較大影響(xiang)。
思想的局限性
在唐(tang)(tang)甄思想(xiang)(xiang)深(shen)處，仍把(ba)國(guo)泰民安的(de)希望寄(ji)托在賢(xian)明君主身上。他說：“天下之(zhi)主在君，君之(zhi)主在心。”唐(tang)(tang)甄提出的(de)為君之(zhi)道(dao)仍然沒有跳出儒家的(de)思想(xiang)(xiang)圈子。
歲月(yue)靜好
】編輯(ji)上傳提供(gong)，詞條屬(shu)(shu)于開放詞條，當前(qian)頁面所(suo)(suo)展(zhan)示的詞條介紹涉及宣傳內容(rong)(rong)屬(shu)(shu)于注冊用(yong)戶個人編輯(ji)行(xing)為，與【唐甄(zhen)】的所(suo)(suo)屬(shu)(shu)企(qi)業(ye)/所(suo)(suo)有人/主體無(wu)關(guan)，網(wang)(wang)站(zhan)不(bu)完全保(bao)證內容(rong)(rong)信(xin)息的準(zhun)確性、真實(shi)性，也不(bu)代表本站(zhan)立場，各項數據信(xin)息存(cun)在(zai)更(geng)新不(bu)及時的情(qing)況(kuang)，僅供(gong)參考(kao)，請以官方發布為準(zhun)。如果頁面內容(rong)(rong)與實(shi)際(ji)情(qing)況(kuang)不(bu)符，可點擊(ji)“反(fan)饋”在(zai)線向網(wang)(wang)站(zhan)提出(chu)修改，網(wang)(wang)站(zhan)將核(he)實(shi)后進行(xing)更(geng)正。
反(fan)饋(kui)
