由于經濟快速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),對(dui)能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)需求日(ri)益增大(da),其中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力缺口尤其明顯,此外嚴(yan)峻的(de)環境污染形勢,迫切需要改(gai)變(bian)能(neng)源(yuan)格局,改(gai)善生態環境,對(dui)新能(neng)源(yuan)與可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)進行大(da)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)的(de)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)應用。江蘇(su)(su)位于中(zhong)(zhong)國風(feng)能(neng)資源(yuan)較豐(feng)富(fu)區域,沿(yan)海尤其是近海海域風(feng)能(neng)資源(yuan)更為豐(feng)富(fu),為大(da)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)、超大(da)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)海上風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)創造了(le)巨(ju)大(da)空間。大(da)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)非(fei)并(bing)網(wang)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)應用,更是開(kai)(kai)辟了(le)一條中(zhong)(zhong)國特色風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)多元化發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)之路。文中(zhong)(zhong)分析了(le)江蘇(su)(su)沿(yan)海風(feng)能(neng)資源(yuan)布(bu)局及沿(yan)海風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)現狀(zhuang);在風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)非(fei)并(bing)網(wang)理論指導下,以規(gui)模(mo)(mo)化制氫(qing)和氯堿(jian)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)為例,探(tan)(tan)討非(fei)并(bing)網(wang)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)與高載能(neng)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)間的(de)鏈(lian)合路徑,并(bing)構(gou)建相(xiang)應產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian);依據產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)合機制,探(tan)(tan)討大(da)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)非(fei)并(bing)網(wang)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)基地建設的(de)實施目標(biao)與戰(zhan)略(lve)規(gui)劃。
江(jiang)(jiang)蘇位于(yu)全(quan)國風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)較(jiao)豐富(fu)區(qu)(qu)(qu),風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)分布自沿(yan)(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)向(xiang)內陸遞減,沿(yan)(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)尤(you)其是近海(hai)(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)域風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)較(jiao)為(wei)豐富(fu),而內陸地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)相(xiang)對貧乏。其中,近海(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)東西連(lian)島地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)最為(wei)豐富(fu);沿(yan)(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、長江(jiang)(jiang)三角洲一帶、淮河兩岸、洪(hong)澤湖(hu)、高(gao)郵湖(hu)東部及東南部沼澤地(di)(di)帶、太(tai)湖(hu)東部,風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)也較(jiao)為(wei)豐富(fu);陸上(shang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)主要在(zai)沿(yan)(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)灘涂(tu)。在(zai)扣除風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)功率密度(du)較(jiao)小不具(ju)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)價值(zhi)和已開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)或規劃開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)為(wei)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、港(gang)口區(qu)(qu)(qu)域后,江(jiang)(jiang)蘇陸地(di)(di)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)可開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)量(liang)為(wei)300萬kW,近海(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)可開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)量(liang)近期為(wei)1000萬kW,遠期為(wei)3000萬kW,合計4300萬kW。可見,江(jiang)(jiang)蘇風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)優勢(shi)在(zai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang),海(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)極具(ju)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)潛力。
通(tong)(tong)(tong)過對風能資源、并網條(tiao)件、交通(tong)(tong)(tong)運輸及環境(jing)等因素(su)綜合分析,除東(dong)西連島地(di)區(qu)因交通(tong)(tong)(tong)安裝(zhuang)條(tiao)件不具(ju)備建設大型風電場(chang)外,其他沿海地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)啟(qi)東(dong)、通(tong)(tong)(tong)州、如東(dong)、東(dong)臺(tai)、大豐、射(she)陽、濱(bin)海、響(xiang)水、贛榆和洪澤湖東(dong)南(nan)部、太湖東(dong)部都極具(ju)開發潛(qian)力,其中從(cong)射(she)陽河到長江口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)2.4萬平(ping)方(fang)公里淺(qian)海輻射(she)沙洲具(ju)備開發大規(gui)模風電場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)綜合條(tiao)件。目(mu)前江蘇已(yi)開展前期工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)海上風電場(chang)規(gui)劃總(zong)裝(zhuang)機容(rong)量達130萬kW,中遠期規(gui)劃總(zong)裝(zhuang)機容(rong)量可達600萬kW。
風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的間(jian)歇性(xing)和波動(dong)性(xing)會對電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)造(zao)成很大沖擊(ji),導致風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)中所占比(bi)重難以超過10%,這是(shi)一(yi)個世界性(xing)難題(ti),嚴重阻礙了風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)規模化(hua)、產(chan)業(ye)化(hua)發展(zhan)進程。應(ying)對這一(yi)難題(ti),風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)非并(bing)網(wang)(wang)理論應(ying)運(yun)而(er)生。非并(bing)網(wang)(wang)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)指風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)的終端負荷不再是(shi)傳統(tong)的單一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang),而(er)是(shi)直接應(ying)用于一(yi)系列能夠適應(ying)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)特性(xing)的高(gao)載能產(chan)業(ye)及(ji)其他特殊領域。
將非(fei)并網(wang)風電應用于規(gui)模化(hua)制(zhi)氫、氯堿生產(chan)等產(chan)業,可形成“非(fei)并網(wang)風電—規(gui)模化(hua)制(zhi)氫”、“非(fei)并網(wang)風電—氯堿生產(chan)”等一(yi)系列(lie)產(chan)業鏈(lian)(lian)。目前(qian),已從技術(shu)層面打通了(le)非(fei)并網(wang)風電與相應高載能產(chan)業之間的鏈(lian)(lian)合路徑(jing),為產(chan)業鏈(lian)(lian)的形成與完善奠(dian)定了(le)最重要的基(ji)礎。
大(da)規模非(fei)(fei)并(bing)網風(feng)電產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)基地建(jian)(jian)(jian)設,要發揮江蘇(su)沿海風(feng)能(neng)(neng)資(zi)源優勢(shi),實(shi)現打造(zao)江蘇(su)沿海綠色能(neng)(neng)源基地的(de)戰略(lve)構想;進(jin)一步延伸“非(fei)(fei)并(bing)網風(feng)電—高載能(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)”產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈,帶(dai)動(dong)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)非(fei)(fei)并(bing)網風(feng)機、精細(xi)化(hua)工、生物(wu)醫藥、高能(neng)(neng)燃料(liao)等產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)快速(su)發展;注(zhu)重培育在產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈主要環(huan)節上的(de)大(da)型(xing)龍(long)頭企業(ye),加強(qiang)技(ji)術創新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)力(li);建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)完善非(fei)(fei)并(bing)網風(feng)電政策(ce)服務體(ti)系;建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)健全人才引進(jin)、培養機制(zhi)。從(cong)而加快非(fei)(fei)并(bing)網風(feng)電產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)化(hua)進(jin)程,建(jian)(jian)(jian)設生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)性(xing)制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)和(he)(he)現代服務業(ye)共(gong)同繁榮(rong)的(de)市場體(ti)系,培育新(xin)(xin)的(de)經濟增長點,節能(neng)(neng)減排、環(huan)境保護,實(shi)現人與自然、經濟與社(she)會(hui)和(he)(he)諧發展。建(jian)(jian)(jian)設中要遵循技(ji)術創新(xin)(xin)、經濟效益(yi)、環(huan)境友好、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)關聯和(he)(he)政策(ce)配套(tao)等原則(ze)。
根據(ju)江(jiang)蘇(su)沿海(hai)風(feng)能資源(yuan)分布(bu)及(ji)沿海(hai)風(feng)電(dian)場建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)進程,開(kai)展(zhan)江(jiang)蘇(su)大規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)非(fei)并(bing)網風(feng)電(dian)產業基地建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)。在(zai)目前江(jiang)蘇(su)風(feng)電(dian)場建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃中,風(feng)電(dian)場選(xuan)址主(zhu)要(yao)在(zai)如(ru)東(dong)、東(dong)臺(tai)、大豐(feng)、啟東(dong)等(deng)地,因此,短期內可在(zai)如(ru)東(dong)、東(dong)臺(tai)、大豐(feng)、啟東(dong)開(kai)展(zhan)大規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)非(fei)并(bing)網風(feng)電(dian)產業基地的建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃。長(chang)遠來(lai)看,通州、射陽、濱海(hai)、響水、贛(gan)榆等(deng)沿海(hai)地區也極(ji)具建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)大規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)非(fei)并(bing)網風(feng)電(dian)產業基地的開(kai)發潛力。
隨著大規模非并(bing)網風電(dian)產業基地(di)建設的展開,要推(tui)動新(xin)型(xing)非并(bing)網風機、精細化工、生物(wu)醫(yi)藥、高能(neng)燃料等產業發展,從而形成相應的產業基地(di),進而圍繞(rao)大規模非并(bing)網風電(dian)產業基地(di),形成功能(neng)完善的功能(neng)布(bu)局。
大規(gui)模非(fei)(fei)并(bing)網風(feng)電產業(ye)(ye)基(ji)地建設,對加快緩解(jie)能(neng)(neng)源對高載能(neng)(neng)產業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)的(de)制約(yue)、推進(jin)(jin)非(fei)(fei)并(bing)網風(feng)電產業(ye)(ye)化(hua)進(jin)(jin)程和(he)拓展(zhan)非(fei)(fei)并(bing)網風(feng)電應用(yong)領(ling)域,具有重要戰略意(yi)義。要進(jin)(jin)一步延伸“非(fei)(fei)并(bing)網風(feng)電—高載能(neng)(neng)產業(ye)(ye)”產業(ye)(ye)鏈,不(bu)斷豐富(fu)其產業(ye)(ye)內容、拓展(zhan)產業(ye)(ye)覆蓋面(mian)、實(shi)現產業(ye)(ye)功能(neng)(neng)多(duo)樣化(hua),形成布局合理、功能(neng)(neng)完善的(de)產業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)新局面(mian)。