顏(yan)希深自(zi)幼受何氏教育,聰穎過人,器宇不凡。任太原(yuan)府同知時,適逢乾隆皇帝駕幸(xing)五臺(tai)山,顏(yan)希深奉旨(zhi)辦理行營事物,以毫(hao)不擾民受到乾隆稱贊。
泰(tai)安(an)在昔(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)直(zhi)隸州,士(shi)(shi)(讀書人(ren))屆歲科(ke)試,咸(全)就校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)濟(ji)南。雍正(zheng)十(shi)三年(nian),改為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)府(fu)(fu)治,統屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)泰(tai)安(an)、新(xin)泰(tai)、萊蕪、肥城、東(dong)(dong)平、東(dong)(dong)阿(a)、平陰(yin)共(gong)(gong)七州縣,一(yi)(yi)(yi)切章程,俱更定(ding)如他郡(jun)制(zhi)(zhi),惟(wei)(wei)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)士(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)館,役甚巨(ju)而(er)費(fei)亦繁,尚逡巡(xun)(qunxún;因顧慮而(er)徘徊不前(qian))未(wei)遑(空閑)也(ye)。前(qian)守宋公諤曾議舉(ju)行,尋以故中止。癸酉(乾隆十(shi)八年(nian),1753年(nian))夏(xia),余(yu)(我)奉(feng)命(ming)來典茲郡(jun),見(jian)夫岱宗(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)崒嵂(lv)(zúlǜ,高峻),汶(wen)水之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瀠洄,鐘靈挺秀(xiu),蔚為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)巨(ju)觀(guan)。仰惟(wei)(wei)圣朝雅化涵濡,迄今(jin)百(bai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)余(yu)栽,闔(he)(全)屬人(ren)文云蒸而(er)霞起,每歲科(ke)試,統計文武幾及萬(wan)人(ren),若仍就校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)濟(ji)南,實于(yu)(yu)(yu)體制(zhi)(zhi)未(wei)協。爰(于(yu)(yu)(yu)是)稽(考(kao))舊牘(du)(過去的公文),商(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牧(mu)令(州官縣官),諸(zhu)君僉(都)謂(wei)紳士(shi)(shi)請(qing)建(jian)試院歷有(you)(you)(you)(you)年(nian)所,且皆愿捐己貲(資(zi)),不費(fei)公帑(官府(fu)(fu)錢財(cai)(cai))。乃(nai)以此(ci)意申之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)各(ge)憲(向(xiang)上級各(ge)主(zhu)管(guan)部門(men)提出申請(qing)),既(ji)報可。余(yu)與(yu)諸(zhu)君捐俸為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)倡,紳士(shi)(shi)亦樂(le)輸(獻(xian)出)恐后。遂諏吉(商(shang)定(ding)好(hao)日子(zi)。諏zōu,音(yin)(yin)鄒(zou);商(shang)量)于(yu)(yu)(yu)春二(er)月,正(zheng)方(fang)辨位,鳩工(gong)庀材(聚集工(gong)匠(jiang),備齊材料。庀pǐ,音(yin)(yin)痞;具備),飭(令)平陰(yin)尉姚秀(xiu)元董其事,宋為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)熙、徐孔柱(zhu)、韓承先、張(zhang)朔、趙文龍、張(zhang)元漋紳士(shi)(shi)分理(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)隅(yu)(角(jiao)),得地二(er)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)畝二(er)分,中建(jian)堂五楹,堂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)坐(zuo)號共(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)千二(er)百(bai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)奇(qi)(多(duo)),堂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,蒞(li)事有(you)(you)(you)(you)室,棲客有(you)(you)(you)(you)廬(lu),凡庖(pao)廚井灶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬,靡不畢具。門(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外設照屏,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)轅門(men)各(ge)樹(shu)以柵為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)繚垣(墻)以周(zhou)護之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),丹(dan)雘(huò,音(yin)(yin)貨,紅(hong)(hong)色(se)顏料)黝(黑)堊(e)(白),悉(xi)中軌(gui)繩。閱(歷時(shi))八月,而(er)諸(zhu)工(gong)以竣(jun)。夫泰(tai)安(an)固(gu)齊魯間一(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)都會(hui)也(ye),逵通南北(bei)(bei),壤(rang)錯濟(ji)兗(濟(ji)南兗州),軺(yao)車之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所輻揍,文獻(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所薈萃,士(shi)(shi)生其間,應地靈而(er)沾帝(di)澤,于(yu)(yu)(yu)以發(fa)軔黌宮(gong)(學宮(gong)。簧hóng,音(yin)(yin)紅(hong)(hong);古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)稱(cheng)學校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao))蜚(fei)莢閬(lang)苑(指揚(yang)名于(yu)(yu)(yu)京都),則試院之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建(jian),即多(duo)士(shi)(shi)昂霄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初步也(ye),寧惟(wei)(wei)是高明宏敞壯一(yi)(yi)(yi)郡(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)瞻(zhan)已哉(zai)。抑(yi)(可是。文言連詞)余(yu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)竊有(you)(you)(you)(you)幸也(ye)。泰(tai)安(an)自改府(fu)(fu)后,已逾十(shi)余(yu)載,前(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)或履其任而(er)不及為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),或限于(yu)(yu)(yu)力而(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不果(guo),余(yu)乃(nai)與(yu)諸(zhu)牧(mu)令會(hui)逢(feng)其適,乘天(tian)時(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)順敘,賴人(ren)力之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贊襄,財(cai)(cai)無虞漏卮(zhī,音(yin)(yin)只;古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)盛酒的杯(bei)子(zi)。這里(li)指建(jian)筑上的漏洞),工(gong)不繁鼛鼓(gu)(鼛gāo,音(yin)(yin)高;古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)的一(yi)(yi)(yi)種大(da)鼓(gu)),一(yi)(yi)(yi)旦為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)所欲為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),得如他郡(jun)規制(zhi)(zhi),雖不足仰酬圣天(tian)子(zi)覃敷至意,暨各(ge)憲樂(le)育殷懷,而(er)揆(kuí;掌握,管(guan)理(li))之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郡(jun)人(ren)士(shi)(shi)斐然向(xiang)風之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忱,庶可藉口以告厥(jue)(其)成事云爾。用綴端末于(yu)(yu)(yu)石,俾(bi)(使)后之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官斯土者有(you)(you)(you)(you)考(kao)焉。乾隆十(shi)九年(nian)十(shi)月。
《創建試(shi)院碑記》之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),民國十(shi)(shi)八(ba)年鉛印本(ben)(ben)《重(zhong)修泰安縣(xian)(xian)志?藝(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)志選著》又載顏希(xi)深作《林(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)故(gu)里(li)考(kao)》一(yi)(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)。林(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),字子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)邱,春秋魯(lu)(lu)人(ren),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),因向孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)問(wen)“禮(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)”而(er)(er)(er)載《論語(yu)?八(ba)佾(yi)(yì,古時(shi)(shi)樂舞的(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)列)》。林(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)殷代忠臣比(bi)干(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)裔(yi)。殷紂(zhou)王(wang)(wang)無道,荒淫暴虐。比(bi)干(gan)秉忠直諫,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此觸怒紂(zhou)王(wang)(wang),被剖心(xin)殺害,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)堅(jian),逃至(zhi)泰安“城(cheng)東南百八(ba)十(shi)(shi)里(li)”放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)鎮(現(xian)屬泰安所(suo)(suo)轄(xia)縣(xian)(xian)級市新(xin)泰)北部的(de)(de)(de)(de)長林(lin)(lin)(lin)山避難(nan),周武王(wang)(wang)克商,賜姓林(lin)(lin)(lin)氏(shi)。林(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)致力于(yu)(yu)禮(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究。《論語(yu)?八(ba)佾(yi)》載:“林(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)問(wen)禮(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue):大哉(zai)問(wen)!禮(li)(li),與其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)奢也,寧(ning)儉;喪(sang),與其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)易(yi)也,寧(ning)戚。”這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)段話(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)思是(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),林(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)問(wen)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)禮(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)質(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)什么,孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)聽到有(you)學生(sheng)(sheng)提出(chu)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題非(fei)(fei)常高興,就(jiu)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“你問(wen)了一(yi)(yi)個意(yi)(yi)義十(shi)(shi)分(fen)重(zhong)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題!就(jiu)一(yi)(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)(de)禮(li)(li)數來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(逢(feng)年過(guo)節(jie)等),與其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)分(fen)耗費(fei)(意(yi)(yi)思是(shi)(shi)(shi)主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de),送(song)重(zhong)禮(li)(li)容易(yi)讓(rang)人(ren)懷疑另有(you)所(suo)(suo)圖(tu)),寧(ning)可簡(jian)單節(jie)約(有(you)心(xin)就(jiu)行(xing)了,禮(li)(li)品(pin)本(ben)(ben)身是(shi)(shi)(shi)次(ci)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de));就(jiu)比(bi)較重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)喪(sang)禮(li)(li)來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),與其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)表面上(shang)講究繁文(wen)(wen)(wen)縟節(jie),不(bu)如(ru)在(zai)(zai)內(nei)心(xin)里(li)真(zhen)誠(cheng)地沉痛哀悼。”朱熹《論語(yu)集注(zhu)》解(jie)(jie)釋(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)段話(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi),認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)林(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)“見(jian)(jian)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)禮(li)(li)者,專(zhuan)事(shi)繁文(wen)(wen)(wen),而(er)(er)(er)疑其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本(ben)(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)在(zai)(zai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也,故(gu)以為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)問(wen)。孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以時(shi)(shi)方(fang)逐(zhu)末而(er)(er)(er)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)獨有(you)志于(yu)(yu)本(ben)(ben),故(gu)大其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)問(wen)”。孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)段話(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi),正是(shi)(shi)(shi)奴隸制(zhi)崩(beng)潰的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)代,即使魯(lu)(lu)國也發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)了不(bu)尊(zun)“周禮(li)(li)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象。如(ru),根據“周禮(li)(li)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定,天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)才有(you)祭(ji)掃(sao)全國知名大山的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)格(ge),諸侯只(zhi)有(you)在(zai)(zai)自己轄(xia)區內(nei)祭(ji)掃(sao)小丘的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)格(ge),但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)季(ji)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)氏(shi)卻到泰山上(shang)去進行(xing)祭(ji)掃(sao)。面對魯(lu)(lu)國當(dang)時(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種禮(li)(li)崩(beng)樂壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)政(zheng),孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)憂心(xin)如(ru)焚。《論語(yu)?八(ba)佾(yi)》又載:“季(ji)氏(shi)旅于(yu)(yu)泰山。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)謂冉有(you)曰(yue)(yue):女(汝)弗(fu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)救與?對曰(yue)(yue):不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue):嗚呼!曾謂泰山,不(bu)如(ru)林(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)乎?”季(ji)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)氏(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)時(shi)(shi)執掌魯(lu)(lu)國朝(chao)政(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)大權(quan)(quan)門之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi),(孟孫(sun)(sun)(sun)氏(shi)、叔孫(sun)(sun)(sun)氏(shi)、季(ji)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)氏(shi)三(san)家(jia)世(shi)卿,因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)魯(lu)(lu)桓(huán,音環(huan))公(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)個孫(sun)(sun)(sun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)故(gu)稱“三(san)桓”,當(dang)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)魯(lu)(lu)國政(zheng)權(quan)(quan)實際掌握在(zai)(zai)他們(men)手中,而(er)(er)(er)“三(san)桓”的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些家(jia)臣又在(zai)(zai)不(bu)同程度上(shang)控制(zhi)著“三(san)桓”),冉有(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)學生(sheng)(sheng),時(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)季(ji)氏(shi)宰。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)段話(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)思是(shi)(shi)(shi),季(ji)氏(shi)要(yao)去祭(ji)祀泰山,孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)對時(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)季(ji)氏(shi)家(jia)總管的(de)(de)(de)(de)學生(sheng)(sheng)冉有(you)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“你不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)勸阻他不(bu)要(yao)前去,從而(er)(er)(er)挽救其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)陷于(yu)(yu)僭越(yue)(超越(yue)本(ben)(ben)分(fen)。僭jiàn,音見(jian)(jian);非(fei)(fei)法越(yue)權(quan)(quan))之(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)嗎?”冉有(you)回(hui)答說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。”孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)見(jian)(jian)求助于(yu)(yu)人(ren)已經不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)挽救禮(li)(li)法,嘆了口氣轉(zhuan)而(er)(er)(er)求助于(yu)(yu)神,說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“唉!我曾對泰山說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),(泰山神啊,快阻止那些破壞禮(li)(li)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吧!)難(nan)道你這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)通天神明,還不(bu)如(ru)林(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)知道應該怎樣(yang)按照禮(li)(li)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)質(zhi)來(lai)行(xing)事(shi)嗎?”北宋真(zhen)宗(zong)趙(zhao)恒命廷臣撰(zhuan)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)贊(zan),主客(ke)郎中刁衎(kàn,音看)贊(zan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)曰(yue)(yue):“問(wen)禮(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儒所(suo)(suo)宗(zong)。樂岳(泰山)稱美,長山(今山東新(xin)泰市放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)鎮長林(lin)(lin)(lin)山)表封。”南宋高宗(zong)也曾贊(zan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)“大哉(zai)斯言(yan),恍照明訓”。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紀念這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)位(wei)先賢(xian),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)故(gu)里(li)便名放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)。顏希(xi)深作《林(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)故(gu)里(li)考(kao)》認定,在(zai)(zai)“城(cheng)東南百八(ba)十(shi)(shi)里(li)”之(zhi)(zhi)“泰安崇禮(li)(li)鄉(xiang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)集(舊名放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)城(cheng)鎮)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)林(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)故(gu)里(li)”“可信(xin)”。由(you)于(yu)(yu)顏希(xi)深作《林(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)里(li)考(kao)》十(shi)(shi)分(fen)專(zhuan)業,解(jie)(jie)釋(shi)起來(lai)非(fei)(fei)常復雜,恕不(bu)照錄原(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen),只(zhi)將林(lin)(lin)(lin)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)簡(jian)述于(yu)(yu)此。
《創建(jian)試院(yuan)碑記(ji)》字里(li)行(xing)間反映出顏希(xi)深(shen)一意興利除弊、教養(yang)斯(si)民的(de)循(xun)吏作風,以(yi)及(ji)(ji)對百姓負(fu)責、對歷史負(fu)責的(de)治政態度;《林放故里(li)考》字里(li)行(xing)間反映出顏希(xi)深(shen)博覽群書、窮(qiong)究經典的(de)文化(hua)修(xiu)養(yang),以(yi)及(ji)(ji)躬行(xing)實踐、格(ge)物致知的(de)治學方法。顏希(xi)深(shen)既勤于政務處理,又潛心學術研究,確有(you)古代士(shi)大(da)夫之風范。