南美(mei)、廣(guang)東有(you)大量(liang)種植
大腹(fu)木(mu)棉喜溫暖干燥和陽光(guang)充足環境。不(bu)(bu)耐寒(han),稍耐濕,忌積水。耐旱,抗污染、抗風力強(qiang),深(shen)根性,速生(sheng),萌芽力強(qiang)。生(sheng)長(chang)適(shi)溫20—30°C,冬季溫度不(bu)(bu)低于5°C,以深(shen)厚、肥沃、排水良好的砂(sha)質土壤為宜。
1.移(yi)植。當育苗(miao)(miao)器皿(min)上的(de)幼苗(miao)(miao)長到15至(zhi)25厘(li)米高時(shi)(shi),即可(ke)進行移(yi)植,先要移(yi)植到種植袋(或(huo)種植盆(pen))中,集中管(guan)理(li)20天至(zhi)30天后,再(zai)定植到田(tian)間。定植時(shi)(shi)要把小(xiao)苗(miao)(miao)按一定的(de)高度分成3級(ji),把同一級(ji)的(de)種苗(miao)(miao)種植到一塊地,以便管(guan)理(li)。
2.養護:大腹木(mu)棉的生(sheng)長旺(wang)(wang)季為3至(zhi)9月份,在生(sheng)長旺(wang)(wang)季,水分補給要(yao)充足。如(ru)果土壤本(ben)身比(bi)較肥沃,可(ke)以(yi)每隔(ge)40天施(shi)用(yong)1次(ci)(ci)有機肥(花生(sheng)麩、雞屎等)和(he)復合(he)肥以(yi)達到(dao)最佳(jia)的生(sheng)長速度。如(ru)果土壤比(bi)較瘦瘠,就要(yao)每隔(ge)20天施(shi)一次(ci)(ci)有機肥和(he)復合(he)肥,才能(neng)保持苗(miao)木(mu)的生(sheng)長速度。生(sheng)長良好的美(mei)人樹,其(qi)一年生(sheng)的小(xiao)苗(miao)在第二個生(sheng)長周期,胸徑在一年內可(ke)以(yi)增大3至(zhi)4厘(li)米(mi),而且葉(xie)色光(guang)亮,病蟲害少。
一(yi)般(ban)采用(yong)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁殖(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)。在廣州(zhou),它的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)成(cheng)熟是(shi)在3至(zhi)4月份,宜(yi)隨采隨播(bo)(bo),發(fa)芽(ya)率(lv)(lv)可(ke)達90%,隨著時間的(de)(de)(de)(de)推(tui)移(yi),發(fa)芽(ya)率(lv)(lv)會降低(di)。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)質采用(yong):泥炭土∶沙=3∶1,把pH值調至(zhi)6.0左右,每立方播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)質加入10公(gong)斤雞屎、2公(gong)斤復合肥混合,然后過篩。由于(yu)大腹木棉種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)較大(黃(huang)豆般(ban)大小(xiao)),可(ke)以在播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)器(qi)(qi)皿(min)上采用(yong)點播(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法,點播(bo)(bo)密度(du)為500粒(li)/平(ping)方米(mi)。點播(bo)(bo)時,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)點播(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)深度(du)為種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)本(ben)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)厚度(du),播(bo)(bo)得太深會花(hua)(hua)使種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)發(fa)芽(ya)時間推(tui)遲,發(fa)芽(ya)勢(shi)下降。點播(bo)(bo)完成(cheng)后,第一(yi)次用(yong)500倍的(de)(de)(de)(de)滅病威淋(lin)透。觀賞應用(yong):樹(shu)(shu)冠傘形,葉色(se)青翠(cui),成(cheng)年(nian)樹(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)干呈酒瓶狀;冬季盛(sheng)花(hua)(hua)期滿(man)樹(shu)(shu)姹紫,秀色(se)照人,是(shi)優良的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀花(hua)(hua)喬木,是(shi)庭院(yuan)綠化和美化的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)級樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。也(ye)可(ke)作為高(gao)級行道樹(shu)(shu)。養護(hu)與(yu)病蟲害:移(yi)植(zhi)(zhi)當育苗(miao)(miao)器(qi)(qi)皿(min)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)大腹木棉幼苗(miao)(miao)長(chang)到(dao)15至(zhi)25厘(li)米(mi)高(gao)時,即可(ke)進行移(yi)植(zhi)(zhi),先要移(yi)植(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)袋(或種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)盆)中,集中管理20天至(zhi)30天,再定植(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)田間,定植(zhi)(zhi)時要把小(xiao)苗(miao)(miao)按一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度(du)分成(cheng)3級,把同一(yi)級的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)同一(yi)塊地,以便(bian)管理。
大腹木棉樹(shu)(shu)干(gan)直立,樹(shu)(shu)冠(guan)層呈傘形(xing),葉色青(qing)翠,成年(nian)樹(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)干(gan)呈酒瓶狀,冬季盛花期滿樹(shu)(shu)姹紫,秀色照人,是優良(liang)的觀花喬(qiao)木,是庭院(yuan)綠化(hua)和美化(hua)的高(gao)級樹(shu)(shu)種。也可作為高(gao)級行道樹(shu)(shu)。