南美(mei)、廣東有大量種(zhong)植
大腹木棉喜溫(wen)暖干燥和陽光(guang)充足環境。不(bu)耐寒,稍耐濕,忌積水。耐旱,抗(kang)污(wu)染、抗(kang)風力(li)強,深根性,速生,萌芽力(li)強。生長(chang)適溫(wen)20—30°C,冬季溫(wen)度不(bu)低(di)于(yu)5°C,以(yi)深厚、肥沃、排水良好(hao)的(de)砂質土(tu)壤為宜。
1.移植(zhi)(zhi)。當育苗(miao)器皿上的(de)幼(you)苗(miao)長(chang)到(dao)15至(zhi)25厘米高(gao)時,即(ji)可進(jin)行(xing)移植(zhi)(zhi),先要移植(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)種植(zhi)(zhi)袋(或種植(zhi)(zhi)盆(pen))中(zhong),集中(zhong)管(guan)理20天至(zhi)30天后,再(zai)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)田間。定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)時要把(ba)小苗(miao)按(an)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)高(gao)度分成3級(ji),把(ba)同(tong)一(yi)級(ji)的(de)種苗(miao)種植(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)一(yi)塊地,以(yi)便管(guan)理。
2.養護:大腹木棉的生(sheng)(sheng)長旺季為3至9月份,在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)長旺季,水分補給要充足。如(ru)果土壤(rang)本身比(bi)較(jiao)肥(fei)沃,可以(yi)每隔(ge)40天(tian)施用1次有(you)機肥(fei)(花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)麩、雞屎等)和(he)(he)復合(he)(he)肥(fei)以(yi)達(da)到(dao)最佳的生(sheng)(sheng)長速度。如(ru)果土壤(rang)比(bi)較(jiao)瘦瘠,就要每隔(ge)20天(tian)施一次有(you)機肥(fei)和(he)(he)復合(he)(he)肥(fei),才能保(bao)持苗(miao)木的生(sheng)(sheng)長速度。生(sheng)(sheng)長良好的美人(ren)樹(shu),其(qi)一年生(sheng)(sheng)的小苗(miao)在(zai)(zai)第二個生(sheng)(sheng)長周(zhou)期,胸徑在(zai)(zai)一年內(nei)可以(yi)增(zeng)大3至4厘(li)米,而(er)且葉色光(guang)亮,病蟲害(hai)少。
一(yi)(yi)般(ban)采用播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁殖的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)。在廣(guang)州,它的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)成熟是(shi)(shi)在3至(zhi)4月(yue)份,宜隨采隨播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo),發(fa)芽(ya)率(lv)可(ke)達90%,隨著(zhu)時(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)推(tui)移(yi),發(fa)芽(ya)率(lv)會(hui)降(jiang)低。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基質(zhi)采用:泥炭土∶沙=3∶1,把(ba)pH值調至(zhi)6.0左右,每立方播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基質(zhi)加入10公斤(jin)雞屎、2公斤(jin)復合肥(fei)混合,然后過篩。由于大腹木(mu)棉種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)較大(黃(huang)豆般(ban)大小(xiao)),可(ke)以在播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)器皿(min)上采用點播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法,點播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)密度(du)(du)為500粒/平方米。點播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)時(shi),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)點播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)深(shen)度(du)(du)為種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)本身的(de)(de)(de)(de)厚度(du)(du),播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)得(de)太(tai)深(shen)會(hui)花使種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)發(fa)芽(ya)時(shi)間推(tui)遲,發(fa)芽(ya)勢下降(jiang)。點播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)完成后,第(di)一(yi)(yi)次用500倍的(de)(de)(de)(de)滅病威淋透。觀賞應用:樹冠傘形,葉(xie)色(se)青翠(cui),成年樹樹干呈酒瓶狀(zhuang);冬季盛花期滿樹姹紫(zi),秀色(se)照人,是(shi)(shi)優良的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀花喬木(mu),是(shi)(shi)庭(ting)院綠(lv)化和美化的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)級(ji)樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。也可(ke)作(zuo)為高(gao)級(ji)行道樹。養護與病蟲害:移(yi)植(zhi)(zhi)當育苗器皿(min)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)大腹木(mu)棉幼苗長到15至(zhi)25厘(li)米高(gao)時(shi),即可(ke)進行移(yi)植(zhi)(zhi),先要移(yi)植(zhi)(zhi)到種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)袋(或種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)盆)中,集中管理(li)(li)20天至(zhi)30天,再定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)到田間,定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)要把(ba)小(xiao)苗按一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度(du)(du)分成3級(ji),把(ba)同(tong)一(yi)(yi)級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)到同(tong)一(yi)(yi)塊地,以便管理(li)(li)。
大腹(fu)木(mu)棉樹(shu)(shu)干(gan)直立,樹(shu)(shu)冠層呈(cheng)傘形,葉色青翠,成年樹(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)干(gan)呈(cheng)酒瓶狀,冬季盛花期滿樹(shu)(shu)姹紫,秀色照人,是(shi)優(you)良(liang)的觀花喬木(mu),是(shi)庭院綠(lv)化和美化的高級樹(shu)(shu)種。也可(ke)作為高級行道樹(shu)(shu)。