翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)的(de)(de)綠色與透(tou)明度的(de)(de)總稱,也是(shi)翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)結構與質地的(de)(de)表現形式,是(shi)評(ping)價(jia)翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)優(you)(you)劣的(de)(de)一個極重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)標志。懂得欣(xin)賞翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren),非(fei)常重(zhong)(zhong)視選擇種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)好的(de)(de)翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui),有(you)(you)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)似乎將(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)看得比(bi)顏(yan)(yan)色還(huan)重(zhong)(zhong)要,故有(you)(you)“外行(xing)(xing)(xing)看色,內行(xing)(xing)(xing)看種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”之(zhi)說。行(xing)(xing)(xing)內還(huan)有(you)(you)句話就(jiu)是(shi)“種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)好遮三丑(chou)”,指(zhi)的(de)(de)是(shi)有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)不(bu)但可使(shi)顏(yan)(yan)色淺的(de)(de)翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)顯(xian)得晶瑩(ying)漂(piao)亮,而(er)且可使(shi)不(bu)夠(gou)均勻的(de)(de)顏(yan)(yan)色由(you)于(yu)相(xiang)互映照而(er)顯(xian)得均勻,更可使(shi)質地不(bu)夠(gou)細的(de)(de)翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)顯(xian)得不(bu)明顯(xian)。所以有(you)(you)經驗的(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)家都很注重(zhong)(zhong)翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)優(you)(you)劣。翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)(cui)原(yuan)料,尤其是(shi)做手鐲(zhuo)的(de)(de)原(yuan)料,不(bu)怕沒有(you)(you)色,就(jiu)怕沒有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
傳統上(shang)一般將翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)分(fen)為老(lao)種(zhong)(zhong)、老(lao)新(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)和新(xin)種(zhong)(zhong),也有(you)的(de)(de)稱為老(lao)坑種(zhong)(zhong)、舊(jiu)坑種(zhong)(zhong)和新(xin)坑種(zhong)(zhong)。老(lao)種(zhong)(zhong)就是(shi)指(zhi)那些結構致密,綠色純正、分(fen)布均勻、質地細膩(ni)、透(tou)明(ming)度(du)好、硬度(du)大的(de)(de)一類翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui);新(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)指(zhi)翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)的(de)(de)玉質疏松,透(tou)明(ming)度(du)差,晶體顆粒較粗,肉(rou)眼能見翠(cui)性;老(lao)新(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)則(ze)介于二者之間。種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)新(xin)老(lao)并(bing)不代表翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)形成時間的(de)(de)早晚,而是(shi)反映了翡(fei)(fei)翠(cui)后期(qi)改造的(de)(de)完全(quan)與否(fou)。
根據(ju)翡(fei)翠的色,透(tou)明(ming)度(du)和質地等特(te)征,也(ye)可將翡(fei)翠的種(zhong)(zhong)分為(wei)老坑玻(bo)璃種(zhong)(zhong)、冰種(zhong)(zhong)、芙蓉種(zhong)(zhong)、金絲種(zhong)(zhong)、干青種(zhong)(zhong)、花青種(zhong)(zhong)、豆(dou)種(zhong)(zhong)、油青種(zhong)(zhong)、馬(ma)牙種(zhong)(zhong)等等。
芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)種(zhong)翡翠(cui)(cui)(cui)有(you)幾(ji)分芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)花的(de)(de)氣韻。芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)種(zhong)翡翠(cui)(cui)(cui)綠色(se)(se)清淡、柔純、綠得(de)清澈(che)純正,其(qi)顏色(se)(se)一(yi)般為淡綠色(se)(se),不(bu)帶(dai)黃色(se)(se)調,綠得(de)較純正,通體(ti)色(se)(se)澤一(yi)致,因此使人感到比(bi)較清澈(che)。芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)種(zhong)翡翠(cui)(cui)(cui)底子略帶(dai)粉(fen)紅色(se)(se),如果(guo)出現幾(ji)條深(shen)綠色(se)(se)的(de)(de)“痕”,就(jiu)叫(jiao)“芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)起青(qing)根(gen)。”如果(guo)出現不(bu)規(gui)則的(de)(de)綠色(se)(se)“痕”,就(jiu)叫(jiao)“花青(qing)芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)種(zhong)”。
芙(fu)蓉種(zhong)(zhong)翡(fei)翠的(de)質地比(bi)豆種(zhong)(zhong)細(xi),結構略(lve)有(you)顆粒(li)感,卻(que)又(you)(you)看不(bu)(bu)到(dao)顆粒(li)的(de)界限。呈透(tou)(tou)明至(zhi)半透(tou)(tou)明,雖(sui)不(bu)(bu)如玻璃(li)種(zhong)(zhong),但也不(bu)(bu)遜(xun)于冰種(zhong)(zhong),色雖(sui)不(bu)(bu)濃卻(que)清澈,所以價格適中(zhong)(zhong),容(rong)易被一般(ban)人(ren)接受。如果(guo)其中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)深綠色的(de)脈則稱作(zuo)“芙(fu)蓉起青(qing)根”,其中(zhong)(zhong)分布(bu)有(you)不(bu)(bu)規(gui)則較深的(de)綠色時又(you)(you)稱作(zuo)“花青(qing)芙(fu)蓉種(zhong)(zhong)”。
由于顏色較淡,所以將芙蓉(rong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)翡(fei)翠(cui)(cui)制成手鐲是(shi)上(shang)上(shang)之選(xuan),芙蓉(rong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)翡(fei)翠(cui)(cui)手鐲很少有綹裂和(he)雜質(zhi),顏色清爽,質(zhi)地較細,透明度較高,雖然每項(xiang)指標都不(bu)是(shi)頂級,但組合在一起卻(que)效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)奇佳,而價格(ge)也只能算中等(deng)偏上(shang),非常適合中、青年女士佩(pei)戴(dai)。當然,芙蓉(rong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)翡(fei)翠(cui)(cui)也可雕刻(ke)成佩(pei)飾(shi)、墜飾(shi)等(deng),特點是(shi)少作雕工,金保留大光面,以體現其整體的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水與顏色和(he)諧搭(da)配的(de)美(mei)觀效(xiao)果(guo)(guo),芙蓉(rong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)翡(fei)翠(cui)(cui)屬(shu)中高檔翡(fei)翠(cui)(cui)。
光澤
翡(fei)翠(cui)呈現玻璃光澤,半透明或透明。翡(fei)翠(cui)因含有(you)不同的染色(se)(se)(se)離(li)子而呈現各種(zhong)顏(yan)色(se)(se)(se):通常有(you)白、紅(hong)(hong)、綠(lv)、紫(zi)。黃、粉等。純凈無雜(za)質者為(wei)(wei)(wei)白色(se)(se)(se),若含有(you)鉻元素(su),則(ze)呈現出柔潤(run)艷麗的淡(dan)綠(lv)、深(shen)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se),名(ming)之為(wei)(wei)(wei)翠(cui)。此品(pin)種(zhong)最為(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)貴,極受人(ren)們的珍視喜愛。若含錳(meng)則(ze)呈現淡(dan)紫(zi)色(se)(se)(se)、深(shen)紫(zi)色(se)(se)(se),常稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)春地(di)或藕粉地(di)。含鐵元素(su),則(ze)呈現暗紅(hong)(hong)、褐紅(hong)(hong)、赭(zhe)紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)(se),被人(ren)們稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)翡(fei)。含鉻和銅元素(su),則(ze)呈現淡(dan)藍、淡(dan)青色(se)(se)(se),人(ren)稱(cheng)橄欖水。高檔翡(fei)翠(cui)除顏(yan)色(se)(se)(se)好(hao)之外,質地(di)也極其重要。一(yi)般(ban)顏(yan)色(se)(se)(se)鮮嫩漂亮,質地(di)較透明,玻璃光澤強者為(wei)(wei)(wei)上品(pin)。相反(fan),質地(di)發干(gan),透明度較差的品(pin)種(zhong)次之。
透明度
翡(fei)翠(cui)是(shi)多(duo)晶體,多(duo)數為半透明,甚至不透明。不可能象單晶體寶石如祖母(mu)綠那樣透明,使光線可以自由透過,顯得很(hen)晶瑩。
結構
指的(de)是組(zu)成翡翠的(de)結晶微粒的(de)粗細,結晶體(ti)的(de)形狀(zhuang)及其結合(he)的(de)方式(shi)。行(xing)話稱(cheng)(cheng)結構(gou)為“底”,有稱(cheng)(cheng)“地”。
凈度
翡翠(cui)與其他寶石(shi)一(yi)樣,凈度(du)是評估價值的(de)一(yi)大因素(su),翡翠(cui)的(de)瑕疵,主要是白(bai)色(se)和黑色(se)。在(zai)評價翡翠(cui)時,根據瑕疵對(dui)翡翠(cui)美觀造成的(de)損(sun)害程度(du)來決(jue)定翡翠(cui)的(de)價值。對(dui)高(gao)檔貨來說,瑕疵是嚴重(zhong)的(de)缺憾(han),而對(dui)中、低檔貨來說,影響會(hui)小得(de)多。