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基本介紹

老(lao)君(jun)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)又(you)名(ming)(ming)“真(zhen)仙巖(yan)”、“靈巖(yan)”。位于融(rong)水苗族(zu)自治縣城南1.5公里處，整個景(jing)區(qu)占地10多(duo)公頃(qing)．有溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)2個，洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口(kou)高(gao)約20米，寬(kuan)約30米，縱深50米。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)原(yuan)有由(you)鐘石(shi)(shi)自然(ran)凝成高(gao)達7米多(duo)的老(lao)君(jun)像，白發銀須，栩栩如生,老(lao)君(jun)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)因此(ci)得名(ming)(ming)。宋(song)代(dai)，洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)建有真(zhen)仙閣，此(ci)閣早已(yi)廢毀，只留(liu)存(cun)宋(song)，元、明(ming)、清、民國碑刻136方。這些石(shi)(shi)刻有題記、詩(shi)(shi)文(wen)、詩(shi)(shi)賦、卜(bu)辭、書榜、圖像等，字體則篆(zhuan)、棣、真(zhen)、草均含。形式多(duo)樣，內(nei)容豐富，為歷代(dai)學(xue)者所重視。明(ming)代(dai)地理學(xue)家、旅行家徐弘祖（徐霞客(ke)）到融(rong)水，在(zai)真(zhen)仙巖(yan)住了長達13天之久，其主要活動就拓(tuo)制收集洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)的石(shi)(shi)刻作品(pin)。清代(dai)著(zhu)(zhu)名(ming)(ming)金學(xue)家王(wang)昶(chang)撰輯《金石(shi)(shi)萃編》、陸增(zeng)祥撰輯《八瓊室金石(shi)(shi)補正》及名(ming)(ming)宦(huan)，學(xue)者謝啟(qi)昆(kun)編撰《粵西金石(shi)(shi)略》，均對真(zhen)仙巖(yan)石(shi)(shi)刻有所著(zhu)(zhu)錄。據嘉慶《廣西通(tong)志(zhi)》卷二百六十(shi)引明(ming)人(ren)曹學(xue)佺《輿地名(ming)(ming)勝志(zhi)》稱：“靈巖(yan)山(shan)又(you)名(ming)(ming)老(lao)君(jun)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，宋(song)咸平(ping)中(zhong)改名(ming)(ming)為真(zhen)仙巖(yan)，頒太宗御(yu)書百二十(shi)軸(zhou)藏(zang)(zang)于內(nei)”，今存(cun)“瑞云、西江、精忠、頤堂”八字四石(shi)(shi)，即為當時(shi)真(zhen)仙閣所藏(zang)(zang)作品(pin)。

老(lao)君洞(dong)(dong)是融州(zhou)古八景之(zhi)首(shou)，堪稱(cheng)“水月洞(dong)(dong)天(tian)(tian)”。清(qing)(qing)澈婉蜒的(de)靈壽(shou)溪自洞(dong)(dong)背(bei)穿山(shan)而(er)過．流(liu)經(jing)洞(dong)(dong)中的(de)部分長約300米。乘小舟自后洞(dong)(dong)順流(liu)而(er)下(xia)，可一(yi)(yi)覽全洞(dong)(dong)風光，觀賞洞(dong)(dong)中石壁上(shang)(shang)的(de)摩崖石刻(ke)及千姿百態的(de)鐘(zhong)乳石。洞(dong)(dong)口(kou)(kou)古木(mu)參天(tian)(tian)，濃蔭蔽日，兩座宋(song)(song)(song)代(dai)建造的(de)古石橋在洞(dong)(dong)口(kou)(kou)跨溪而(er)臥(wo)，其橋造型美觀，結構精(jing)巧，目前(qian)仍可通行汽車。相傳(chuan)太(tai)上(shang)(shang)老(lao)君南(nan)游融嶺至此(ci)(ci)洞(dong)(dong)，竟(jing)流(liu)連忘返，對人(ren)說：“此(ci)(ci)洞(dong)(dong)乃天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)絕(jue)勝也(ye)，山(shan)石磺石元，溪流(liu)清(qing)(qing)邃，不復西度流(liu)沙。我當(dang)隱焉”，于是化身為(wei)(wei)石，永留洞(dong)(dong)中。此(ci)(ci)洞(dong)(dong)因此(ci)(ci)得名(ming)，并成為(wei)(wei)全國道教圣地“三十六洞(dong)(dong)天(tian)(tian)”之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。宋(song)(song)(song)紹興年間，著名(ming)詩人(ren)、狀元張孝祥游覽此(ci)(ci)洞(dong)(dong)，贊嘆不已，稱(cheng)之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)“天(tian)(tian)下(xia)第一(yi)(yi)真(zhen)仙之(zhi)巖”。宋(song)(song)(song)太(tai)宗(zong)頒(ban)御(yu)書(shu)120軸藏于洞(dong)(dong)內(nei)，并敕(chi)修此(ci)(ci)洞(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)“真(zhen)仙巖”。洞(dong)(dong)內(nei)滿壁題刻(ke)，僅宋(song)(song)(song)碑就有17塊之(zhi)多。其中岳飛麾下(xia)獨臂將軍王(wang)佐所題的(de)“真(zhen)仙洞(dong)(dong)”，字(zi)徑尺(chi)半，筆(bi)力(li)挺拔。而(er)北宋(song)(song)(song)元祜黨(dang)人(ren)沈千曾孫沈所立的(de)“元祜黨(dang)籍碑”，尤為(wei)(wei)珍貴。洞(dong)(dong)中之(zhi)景美不勝收，有天(tian)(tian)柱石星、金線吊葫蘆、鶴(he)巖旭日、群峰來秀、仙翁(weng)對弈等。有一(yi)(yi)拔地而(er)起的(de)鼓(gu)形乳石，輕拍響如鐘(zhong)聲，鐘(zhong)聲上(shang)(shang)傳(chuan)，倒懸(xuan)的(de)石乳會(hui)馬上(shang)(shang)回(hui)音(yin)，由近及遠，回(hui)鳴不息，深(shen)深(shen)扣動人(ren)的(de)心弦(xian)。

老君洞(dong)景區原建有(you)規模完(wan)整的(de)三清殿、御(yu)書(shu)閣、紫薇閣、報恩寺(si)、歲寒軒、鴻音樓(lou)、麓石(shi)塔、清風(feng)亭、望遠亭堤五百羅(luo)漢豐都山等(deng)亭臺(tai)樓(lou)閣以及(ji)老君天然鐘乳石(shi)像(xiang)等(deng)。由(you)于(yu)歷史的(de)原因，不少景點設施(shi)已遭毀壞，目(mu)前有(you)關部門已經著手(shou)進行修復，開發了隱仙洞(dong)、水月洞(dong)、羊角洞(dong)，并(bing)新建了盆景園、桃花園、荷(he)花池、徐霞客(ke)雕像(xiang)等(deng)供瀏(liu)覽觀光(guang)。

老(lao)君(jun)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)園林宗教設(she)施始建于(yu)唐，興盛于(yu)宋(song)，唐宋(song)以(yi)來，很多(duo)文人(ren)墨(mo)客(ke)在(zai)(zai)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)(nei)留下(xia)(xia)了大量的(de)(de)詩(shi)文、游記(ji)、碑刻、摩巖(yan)刻一(yi)百多(duo)處，是(shi)珍貴的(de)(de)歷(li)史文化(hua)遺產(chan)，宋(song)太宗親頒“御書碑”120軸(zhou)藏于(yu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)(nei)，并敕封老(lao)君(jun)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)“真仙(xian)(xian)巖(yan)”。明朝旅(lv)行家徐霞客(ke)曾在(zai)(zai)此洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)住了13天，這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)他30年旅(lv)行活動中(zhong)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)個洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)(nei)住得最久的(de)(de)一(yi)次，并寫下(xia)(xia)了5000字游記(ji)，生動描述了老(lao)君(jun)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)光(guang)水色(se)及(ji)傳奇神話。他高舉(ju)火把進洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)覽勝，遇到(dao)一(yi)條頭尾鉆到(dao)石下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)巨蟒(mang)攔路，他抬腳跨過，蛇蟒(mang)竟紋(wen)絲不(bu)動，可見(jian)暗洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)幽深。站在(zai)(zai)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)(nei)溪(xi)流的(de)(de)中(zhong)段，可以(yi)看到(dao)真仙(xian)(xian)巖(yan)的(de)(de)前(qian)門和后門，都是(shi)由山(shan)石自(zi)成方(fang)圓，陽光(guang)照耀在(zai)(zai)小溪(xi)的(de)(de)兩頭，仿佛兩輪(lun)皎月躍出水面。這(zhe)(zhe)“水月洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)天”的(de)(de)壯觀(guan)，使徐霞客(ke)不(bu)禁贊道：“真仙(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)天下(xia)(xia)第(di)一(yi)，此景真仙(xian)(xian)第(di)一(yi)也！”宋(song)代名詩(shi)人(ren)范成大在(zai)(zai)《佳誨(hui)巖(yan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)記(ji)》中(zhong)贊曰(yue)：“融州(zhou)有靈巖(yan)真仙(xian)(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，世傳不(bu)下(xia)(xia)桂(gui)林”。