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基本介紹

老(lao)君(jun)洞(dong)(dong)又名(ming)(ming)“真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)巖(yan)(yan)”、“靈(ling)巖(yan)(yan)”。位于(yu)融(rong)水苗族自(zi)治縣城南1.5公里(li)處，整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)景(jing)區占地10多(duo)公頃．有(you)溶洞(dong)(dong)2個(ge)(ge)，洞(dong)(dong)口(kou)高約20米(mi)，寬約30米(mi)，縱深50米(mi)。洞(dong)(dong)內原有(you)由(you)鐘石(shi)(shi)自(zi)然凝(ning)成高達7米(mi)多(duo)的老(lao)君(jun)像，白發銀(yin)須，栩栩如生,老(lao)君(jun)洞(dong)(dong)因此得名(ming)(ming)。宋(song)代(dai)，洞(dong)(dong)中建有(you)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)閣，此閣早(zao)已(yi)廢(fei)毀，只留存(cun)宋(song)，元、明(ming)、清(qing)、民國碑(bei)刻136方。這些(xie)石(shi)(shi)刻有(you)題記、詩(shi)(shi)文、詩(shi)(shi)賦、卜辭、書榜、圖像等，字體則篆(zhuan)、棣、真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、草均含。形(xing)式多(duo)樣，內容豐(feng)富，為歷代(dai)學(xue)者所重(zhong)視(shi)。明(ming)代(dai)地理學(xue)家(jia)(jia)、旅行家(jia)(jia)徐弘祖(zu)（徐霞客）到融(rong)水，在真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)巖(yan)(yan)住了長達13天之久，其主要活動就拓制收集洞(dong)(dong)中的石(shi)(shi)刻作品。清(qing)代(dai)著名(ming)(ming)金(jin)(jin)學(xue)家(jia)(jia)王昶(chang)撰輯(ji)《金(jin)(jin)石(shi)(shi)萃編》、陸增(zeng)祥撰輯(ji)《八瓊室金(jin)(jin)石(shi)(shi)補正(zheng)》及名(ming)(ming)宦，學(xue)者謝(xie)啟昆編撰《粵西(xi)金(jin)(jin)石(shi)(shi)略》，均對真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)刻有(you)所著錄。據嘉慶《廣西(xi)通(tong)志》卷二百六十(shi)(shi)引明(ming)人曹學(xue)佺《輿地名(ming)(ming)勝(sheng)志》稱(cheng)：“靈(ling)巖(yan)(yan)山又名(ming)(ming)老(lao)君(jun)洞(dong)(dong)，宋(song)咸平中改名(ming)(ming)為真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)巖(yan)(yan)，頒太(tai)宗(zong)御(yu)書百二十(shi)(shi)軸藏于(yu)內”，今存(cun)“瑞云、西(xi)江(jiang)、精忠、頤堂”八字四石(shi)(shi)，即為當(dang)時真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)閣所藏作品。

老君洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是融州古八景之(zhi)(zhi)首，堪稱(cheng)“水月洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)天”。清(qing)澈婉蜒的(de)靈壽(shou)溪自洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)背穿山(shan)而(er)過．流(liu)經洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)部分(fen)長約300米。乘小舟自后(hou)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)順流(liu)而(er)下(xia)(xia)，可一(yi)覽(lan)全(quan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)風光，觀賞洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)壁上(shang)的(de)摩崖(ya)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)及(ji)千(qian)姿(zi)百態(tai)的(de)鐘乳(ru)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口(kou)古木參天，濃蔭蔽日，兩座宋代建造(zao)的(de)古石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橋在(zai)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口(kou)跨溪而(er)臥，其橋造(zao)型美觀，結構精巧，目前(qian)仍可通(tong)行汽車。相傳太上(shang)老君南游融嶺至此(ci)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，竟(jing)流(liu)連忘返，對人說：“此(ci)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)乃天之(zhi)(zhi)絕勝(sheng)也，山(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)磺石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)元(yuan)，溪流(liu)清(qing)邃，不(bu)復西度流(liu)沙。我當隱焉”，于(yu)是化身為石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，永留洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。此(ci)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)因(yin)此(ci)得名(ming)，并(bing)成為全(quan)國道(dao)教圣地(di)“三十六洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)天”之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。宋紹興年間，著名(ming)詩人、狀元(yuan)張(zhang)孝祥(xiang)游覽(lan)此(ci)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，贊(zan)嘆(tan)不(bu)已，稱(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)為“天下(xia)(xia)第一(yi)真仙(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)巖”。宋太宗頒御書120軸藏于(yu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)，并(bing)敕修(xiu)此(ci)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為“真仙(xian)巖”。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)滿壁題刻(ke)(ke)，僅(jin)宋碑(bei)就(jiu)有17塊之(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)飛麾下(xia)(xia)獨臂(bei)將軍王佐所(suo)題的(de)“真仙(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”，字徑尺半(ban)，筆力挺拔。而(er)北宋元(yuan)祜(hu)黨人沈千(qian)曾孫(sun)沈所(suo)立的(de)“元(yuan)祜(hu)黨籍碑(bei)”，尤為珍貴。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)景美不(bu)勝(sheng)收，有天柱石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)星、金線(xian)吊葫蘆、鶴(he)巖旭(xu)日、群峰來秀、仙(xian)翁對弈等。有一(yi)拔地(di)而(er)起的(de)鼓(gu)形乳(ru)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，輕拍響(xiang)如鐘聲，鐘聲上(shang)傳，倒懸的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乳(ru)會馬上(shang)回音，由近及(ji)遠，回鳴不(bu)息，深(shen)深(shen)扣動(dong)人的(de)心弦。

老君洞(dong)(dong)景(jing)區原(yuan)建(jian)有(you)規模完(wan)整的三清(qing)殿、御(yu)書閣、紫薇閣、報恩寺、歲寒軒(xuan)、鴻音樓(lou)、麓石(shi)塔、清(qing)風亭、望(wang)遠亭堤五百羅(luo)漢豐都山等(deng)亭臺(tai)樓(lou)閣以(yi)及(ji)老君天然(ran)鐘(zhong)乳石(shi)像等(deng)。由(you)于歷史的原(yuan)因，不(bu)少景(jing)點設(she)施已遭(zao)毀壞，目前有(you)關部門已經著手進行修復(fu)，開發(fa)了隱仙洞(dong)(dong)、水月洞(dong)(dong)、羊角洞(dong)(dong)，并新建(jian)了盆(pen)景(jing)園(yuan)、桃花園(yuan)、荷花池、徐霞客雕像等(deng)供(gong)瀏(liu)覽觀光。

老君(jun)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)園林宗(zong)教設施始(shi)建于(yu)唐，興盛于(yu)宋(song)，唐宋(song)以來，很多文(wen)人墨(mo)客(ke)在洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)留下了(le)大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)詩文(wen)、游記(ji)(ji)、碑刻、摩巖(yan)刻一(yi)(yi)(yi)百多處，是珍貴的(de)(de)歷史(shi)文(wen)化遺產，宋(song)太(tai)宗(zong)親頒“御書碑”120軸藏于(yu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)，并敕封(feng)老君(jun)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)“真仙巖(yan)”。明朝旅行家徐霞(xia)客(ke)曾在此洞(dong)(dong)(dong)住了(le)13天(tian)(tian)，這(zhe)是他30年旅行活動(dong)中在一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)住得(de)最久的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次，并寫下了(le)5000字游記(ji)(ji)，生動(dong)描述了(le)老君(jun)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)山光水(shui)色(se)及傳(chuan)奇神話。他高舉火把進(jin)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)覽勝，遇(yu)到一(yi)(yi)(yi)條頭尾(wei)鉆(zhan)到石(shi)下的(de)(de)巨蟒攔路，他抬腳跨過，蛇蟒竟紋絲不動(dong)，可(ke)見暗(an)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)幽深。站(zhan)在洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)溪(xi)流的(de)(de)中段，可(ke)以看到真仙巖(yan)的(de)(de)前門(men)(men)和(he)后(hou)門(men)(men)，都是由(you)山石(shi)自成(cheng)方圓，陽光照耀在小(xiao)溪(xi)的(de)(de)兩(liang)頭，仿佛兩(liang)輪皎月躍出水(shui)面。這(zhe)“水(shui)月洞(dong)(dong)(dong)天(tian)(tian)”的(de)(de)壯觀，使徐霞(xia)客(ke)不禁(jin)贊(zan)道：“真仙為(wei)天(tian)(tian)下第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)，此景真仙第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)！”宋(song)代(dai)名詩人范(fan)成(cheng)大(da)在《佳誨巖(yan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)記(ji)(ji)》中贊(zan)曰(yue)：“融州(zhou)有靈巖(yan)真仙洞(dong)(dong)(dong)，世傳(chuan)不下桂林”。