新洲龍王白蓮(lian)新鮮籽(zi)蓮(lian)殼色(se)淡綠(lv),粒(li)形卵(luan)圓(yuan),清香、味甜、質脆;干蓮(lian)米色(se)白粒(li)圓(yuan)、易燉(dun)煮不(bu)糊、口感(gan)粉(fen)糯、湯色(se)玉瑩。
新洲龍王白蓮產于(yu)漲渡湖(hu)周邊雙柳街的(de)濱湖(hu)、齊頭咀、西(xi)灘(tan)湖(hu)、蓮湖(hu)、家湖(hu)、原種場、大白湖(hu)、黃泥洲、大屋基、鎮(zhen)北等(deng)10村(cun)和(he)(he)龍王咀農場;漲渡湖(hu)街的(de)沙湖(hu)、扁擔列、沐家涇、青(qing)泥湖(hu)、創新堤(di)、落兒(er)灣、楊柳灣等(deng)7個(ge)村(cun);汪(wang)集街的(de)馮(feng)鋪、安仁、復興、咀阜村(cun)等(deng)4村(cun);陽邏街的(de)蘆山、和(he)(he)平、七湖(hu)、朱店、南山、陳咀、胡咀、向(xiang)陽、月(yue)明等(deng)9個(ge)村(cun),共30個(ge)村(cun)和(he)(he)1個(ge)農場。地(di)域范圍為東經114°36′51″~114°50′22″,北緯30°35′42″~30°45′18″。地(di)域總面(mian)積(ji)1萬(wan)公頃,新洲龍王白蓮保護區面(mian)積(ji)1333.3公頃,年產量(liang)67.5萬(wan)千(qian)克。
(1)外在(zai)感官特(te)征 新(xin)洲龍王白(bai)蓮(lian)新(xin)鮮籽(zi)蓮(lian)殼色淡綠,粒形卵圓(yuan)(yuan),清(qing)香、味甜、質脆;干(gan)蓮(lian)米色白(bai)粒圓(yuan)(yuan)、易燉煮(zhu)不糊、口感粉糯(nuo)、湯色玉瑩。
(2)內(nei)在品質(zhi)指(zhi)標(biao) 新(xin)洲龍王白(bai)蓮營養豐富,向有“蓮參”之(zhi)譽。其蛋白(bai)質(zhi)≥17.5g/100g;脂肪≤1.50g/100g;淀粉(fen)≥48.0g/100g。
(3)質(zhi)(zhi)量安全(quan)規定 新洲龍王白(bai)蓮產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)必需符(fu)(fu)合食(shi)用農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量評價標(biao)準(zhun)HJ/T332的規定,農(nong)業投入品使用必需符(fu)(fu)合食(shi)品衛生通(tong)用標(biao)準(zhun)GB2762,產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量必需符(fu)(fu)合GB2763的要求。
新洲(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)水(shui)資源豐沛,境(jing)內水(shui)網如織(zhi),湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)、水(shui)庫星羅棋布,舉(ju)(ju)水(shui)、倒水(shui)、沙河三條河流(liu)縱貫全區(qu),長(chang)江(jiang)繞境(jing)而過。位于新洲(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)南部的(de)長(chang)江(jiang)中游濕地自(zi)(zi)然保護區(qu)——漲渡(du)湖(hu)(hu)主湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)面7.8萬畝(mu),子湖(hu)(hu)(七湖(hu)(hu)、陶家大湖(hu)(hu)、安仁湖(hu)(hu)等)17個(ge)、水(shui)面5.1萬畝(mu),湖(hu)(hu)區(qu)總水(shui)面13萬畝(mu)。 發源于大別山脈的(de)倒水(shui)、舉(ju)(ju)水(shui),在流(liu)經新洲(zhou)(zhou)全境(jing)后,挾漲渡(du)湖(hu)(hu)而注入長(chang)江(jiang)。漲渡(du)湖(hu)(hu)區(qu)襟江(jiang)帶河,水(shui)域遼闊,土地廣袤而肥沃,自(zi)(zi)然而然成為魚米(mi)之鄉和濕地自(zi)(zi)然保護區(qu)。 漲渡(du)湖(hu)(hu)區(qu)水(shui)質潔凈(jing),泥壤(rang)松(song)軟,富含有機質,地溫(wen)波動小且長(chang)年偏低,致(zhi)使(shi)新洲(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)王(wang)白蓮(lian)較其它地區(qu)的(de)白蓮(lian)成熟(shu)期延(yan)長(chang)15-20天。得天獨(du)厚的(de)自(zi)(zi)然環境(jing),造(zao)就了新洲(zhou)(zhou)龍(long)王(wang)白蓮(lian)的(de)獨(du)特品質特征。
為了保(bao)持新洲龍王白(bai)蓮的(de)獨(du)特品質,確保(bao)其質量安全,制定(ding)如下控(kong)制措施:
1、產(chan)地(di)要(yao)求(qiu):在水質潔凈、有機(ji)質豐富、地(di)勢低凹的漲渡湖地(di)區種(zhong)植,且產(chan)地(di)環境符合HJ/T322的規(gui)定。最(zui)好選(xuan)用放養(yang)(yang)2-3年(nian)淡水魚(yu)的標(biao)準魚(yu)池(chi)作為蓮(lian)田。種(zhong)白蓮(lian)3年(nian)后(hou)改養(yang)(yang)淡水魚(yu),既可減輕白蓮(lian)病害,又(you)可利用魚(yu)池(chi)淤泥肥效(xiao)。
2、品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)范圍:從二(er)十(shi)世(shi)紀五十(shi)年代末開始(shi),新洲(zhou)蓮(lian)(lian)農引進(jin)福(fu)建蓮(lian)(lian)苗在本地試(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)功后(hou)大(da)面(mian)積推廣,八十(shi)年代引進(jin)湘蓮(lian)(lian),九十(shi)年代又引進(jin)太空蓮(lian)(lian),新洲(zhou)龍王白蓮(lian)(lian)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)建蓮(lian)(lian)為主。其(qi)次對種(zhong)(zhong)藕的選擇:要求品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)純正(zheng)、上年單產(chan)高、未發生病害的留種(zhong)(zhong)田里的種(zhong)(zhong)藕。做到(dao)邊挖邊選,以(yi)具(ju)(ju)有本品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)特性(xing)、色澤(ze)新鮮、節(jie)間短、無(wu)(wu)病斑、無(wu)(wu)損傷、頂芽完整(zheng),具(ju)(ju)有二(er)節(jie)以(yi)上的主藕和二(er)節(jie)以(yi)上子(zi)藕作種(zhong)(zhong)。
3、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產控制 ①施(shi)(shi)(shi)足基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。3月下旬至4月上(shang)(shang)旬,每(mei)畝(mu)蓮(lian)(lian)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)均(jun)勻(yun)潑施(shi)(shi)(shi)充分(fen)腐熟的(de)畜禽糞(fen)便500-1000公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)左右,留3-6cm的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)待植。 ②適(shi)時移(yi)栽(zai)。氣(qi)溫穩定通(tong)過(guo)12℃,一般在(zai)4月上(shang)(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)旬移(yi)栽(zai)為宜(yi)。種(zhong)植密度一般以(yi)每(mei)畝(mu)種(zhong)植180-200株藕種(zhong)為宜(yi),株行(xing)(xing)距1.7-2米。早栽(zai)宜(yi)稀(xi),遲栽(zai)宜(yi)密;高(gao)(gao)(gao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)宜(yi)稀(xi)、中(zhong)(zhong)低(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)宜(yi)密。尾(wei)梢往(wang)上(shang)(shang),藕頭(tou)埋入泥(ni)(ni)中(zhong)(zhong)10-13厘米。 ③中(zhong)(zhong)耕除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)。采(cai)用(yong)人(ren)工(gong)拔除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)或(huo)翻埋的(de)方法及(ji)時中(zhong)(zhong)耕除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao),絕(jue)不用(yong)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)劑(ji)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)。當蓮(lian)(lian)主莖抽出第(di)一立葉時開始(shi)耘(yun)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao),之后每(mei)隔10-15天(tian)(tian)耘(yun)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)一次(ci)(ci),到(dao)(dao)荷(he)葉封(feng)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)為止。耘(yun)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)前先(xian)行(xing)(xing)排水(shui)(shui)(shui),只保持泥(ni)(ni)皮水(shui)(shui)(shui),耘(yun)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)時將(jiang)雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)拔盡并埋入泥(ni)(ni)中(zhong)(zhong),達(da)到(dao)(dao)泥(ni)(ni)爛(lan)、面平、無雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)結(jie)合施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)同時進行(xing)(xing),可(ke)使肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料深埋,提高(gao)(gao)(gao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)效(xiao)。 ④水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)管理。淺水(shui)(shui)(shui)勤灌(guan),栽(zai)植團內保持4-5厘米的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)層,遇寒潮(chao)天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)適(shi)當加深水(shui)(shui)(shui)層保溫。花(hua)蓬(peng)期(qi)氣(qi)溫較高(gao)(gao)(gao),水(shui)(shui)(shui)層應加深至15-20厘米,注意要(yao)逐(zhu)漸加深。 ⑤科(ke)學施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。蓮(lian)(lian)子(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)期(qi)長,耗肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量大,掌握“苗(miao)(miao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)輕、花(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)重(zhong)、子(zi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)全(quan)(quan)”原則,分(fen)期(qi)多次(ci)(ci)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)。第(di)一葉抽生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(成苗(miao)(miao)期(qi))結(jie)合第(di)一次(ci)(ci)耘(yun)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)追施(shi)(shi)(shi)苗(miao)(miao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),畝(mu)用(yong)尿(niao)素5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)、氯化(hua)鉀2.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),點施(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)蓮(lian)(lian)苗(miao)(miao)周圍,施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)后即(ji)行(xing)(xing)耘(yun)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian);始(shi)花(hua)期(qi)重(zhong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),于第(di)一花(hua)蕾出現時施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong),畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿(niao)素7.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)加氯化(hua)鉀4公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),全(quan)(quan)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)均(jun)勻(yun)撒施(shi)(shi)(shi),不能將(jiang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料撒到(dao)(dao)荷(he)葉或(huo)花(hua)上(shang)(shang),田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)間保留3-5厘米水(shui)(shui)(shui)層;結(jie)蓬(peng)初期(qi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)壯子(zi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿(niao)素5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),氯化(hua)鉀2.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)、硼(peng)砂0.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)方法同上(shang)(shang)。之后每(mei)過(guo)10-15天(tian)(tian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)一次(ci)(ci)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(每(mei)次(ci)(ci)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料用(yong)量遞減10%),視(shi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)間荷(he)苗(miao)(miao)長勢,全(quan)(quan)程不超過(guo)6次(ci)(ci)。 ⑥綜(zong)合防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。農業防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):科(ke)學管水(shui)(shui)(shui),即(ji)淺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(5cm)長苗(miao)(miao)、深水(shui)(shui)(shui)(20cm)開花(hua)結(jie)實(shi),通(tong)過(guo)健身栽(zai)培提高(gao)(gao)(gao)蓮(lian)(lian)苗(miao)(miao)的(de)抗逆性;物(wu)理防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):頻振(zhen)式殺(sha)蟲(chong)燈(deng)誘殺(sha)斜(xie)(xie)紋(wen)夜(ye)盜蛾(e)成蟲(chong),黃板誘殺(sha)蚜蟲(chong);生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):性引(yin)誘劑(ji)誘殺(sha)斜(xie)(xie)紋(wen)夜(ye)盜蛾(e)成蟲(chong),人(ren)工(gong)摘除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)荷(he)葉上(shang)(shang)的(de)斜(xie)(xie)紋(wen)夜(ye)盜蛾(e)卵塊并踩(cai)入泥(ni)(ni)中(zhong)(zhong);化(hua)學防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):腐敗病是(shi)蓮(lian)(lian)藕的(de)主要(yao)病害,關鍵是(shi)做(zuo)好蓮(lian)(lian)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)和藕種(zhong)消毒(du)。發病初期(qi),全(quan)(quan)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)灰(hui)50—60公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。 ⑦適(shi)時采(cai)收(shou)。采(cai)收(shou)工(gong)作分(fen)批進行(xing)(xing),當蓮(lian)(lian)蓬(peng)是(shi)紫褐色或(huo)黃褐色時及(ji)時采(cai)收(shou),以(yi)便去殼(ke)、去芯(xin)。