芒果视频下载

基本介紹

朱檀(tan)墓(mu)，又(you)稱魯荒(huang)王墓(mu)，坐落在鄒城市(shi)區北九龍山南(nan)(nan)麓(lu)。朱檀(tan)為明太祖(zu)朱元(yuan)璋(zhang)第十(shi)子。洪武三年(nian)(nian)（1370年(nian)(nian)），出(chu)生(sheng)兩(liang)個月(yue)受封魯王，15歲就(jiu)藩兗州。他“好文(wen)禮士，善詩(shi)歌”，篤信道教(jiao)。為求長生(sheng)不(bu)老(lao)藥，終日(ri)焚(fen)香(xiang)誦經，燒煉(lian)“仙丹”，結果“餌金石藥，毒發(fa)發(fa)傷目(mu)”，洪武二十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)薨(hong)，年(nian)(nian)僅(jin)19歲。朱元(yuan)璋(zhang)惡其荒(huang)唐，謚為“荒(huang)”。墓(mu)坐北面(mian)南(nan)(nan)，依山建造，有巨(ju)大(da)的封土堆，占地1.3萬余平方米。

景點景觀

歷史魯(lu)王(wang)(wang)朱(zhu)(zhu)檀(tan)陵墓，座落在鄒城東北12公里的九龍山南麓，紅墻護圍，松柏掩映，為(wei)埋葬和(he)祭祀(si)朱(zhu)(zhu)檀(tan)的地方(fang)。據《明(ming)史》記載，朱(zhu)(zhu)檀(tan)，系明(ming)太祖(zu)第十(shi)子，洪(hong)武三年(nian)（1370年(nian)）生(sheng)。生(sheng)兩月而封為(wei)魯(lu)王(wang)(wang)。洪(hong)武十(shi)八年(nian)（1385年(nian)）15歲時(shi)就藩兗州(zhou)，轄四州(zhou)二十(shi)三縣。朱(zhu)(zhu)檀(tan)“謙恭下士，博(bo)學多識，好文禮(li)士，善詩歌”，甚為(wei)朱(zhu)(zhu)元璋所喜(xi)愛。但(dan)住進兗州(zhou)魯(lu)王(wang)(wang)府后(hou)(hou)，誤入邪(xie)路，信奉道教(jiao)，終(zhong)日焚香誦經(jing)，燒煉“仙(xian)丹”，求不老之藥，希(xi)冀長生(sheng)，結(jie)果卻(que)“餌金石藥，毒發(fa)傷目”，僅活(huo)了19歲。朱(zhu)(zhu)元璋獲(huo)悉后(hou)(hou)十(shi)分惱(nao)怒，認為(wei)他的行(xing)為(wei)實在荒(huang)唐，遂賜(si)惡謚曰“荒(huang)王(wang)(wang)”。 [2]

明(ming)魯荒王墓未經(jing)盜掘，經(jing)過清理(li)，共出土遺物(wu)1100余件(jian)，其中(zhong)珍品文物(wu)有織金(jin)(jin)(jin)緞龍(long)袍(pao)、九旒(liu)冕、九縫皮弁(bian)(biàn，古(gu)代男子(zi)戴的帽子(zi))、“魯王之(zhi)寶”貼金(jin)(jin)(jin)木印、金(jin)(jin)(jin)鑲玉(yu)透雕玉(yu)帶、唐代“天風(feng)海濤”琴、宋高(gao)宗題(ti)詩扇面、元(yuan)代錢選白(bai)(bai)蓮手(shou)卷、元(yuan)版古(gu)籍、戧金(jin)(jin)(jin)云龍(long)紋漆箱(xiang)、青白(bai)(bai)釉云龍(long)紋罐(guan)、等(deng)等(deng)。

擇(ze)選風水寶地(di)不(bu)(bu)惜人(ren)力財力，大(da)(da)興土木，為(wei)其修(xiu)建了這處(chu)規(gui)模(mo)宏大(da)(da)的(de)陵(ling)墓。荒(huang)王(wang)陵(ling)，背依九(jiu)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)（為(wei)九(jiu)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)第一(yi)峰，號(hao)稱(cheng)“龍(long)頭(tou)”，又(you)名(ming)(ming)“玄武(wu)”），東有(you)(you)臥虎山(shan)(shan)(shan)，西有(you)(you)玉(yu)皇(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)（又(you)名(ming)(ming)曰“青龍(long)”、“白(bai)(bai)虎”），南(nan)與朱雀山(shan)(shan)(shan)遙遙相對，按古代“四神方位(wei)”定穴(xue)。《禮記·曲禮上(shang)(shang)》：“行前(qian)(qian)(qian)朱鳥而(er)后玄武(wu)”。下有(you)(you)白(bai)(bai)馬泉，為(wei)白(bai)(bai)馬河源(yuan)頭(tou)。陵(ling)園(yuan)居高(gao)(gao)臨下，向陽瀕水，四望山(shan)(shan)(shan)川回環，林木葳(wei)蕤，風景(jing)如畫(hua)。不(bu)(bu)僅是(shi)(shi)一(yi)處(chu)人(ren)間勝(sheng)境，還是(shi)(shi)一(yi)座典型(xing)的(de)明代親(qin)王(wang)陵(ling)園(yuan)。陵(ling)區(qu)原占地(di)面積(ji)7萬平方米，規(gui)模(mo)宏大(da)(da)，氣勢莊嚴(yan)，分為(wei)陵(ling)園(yuan)和地(di)宮兩(liang)部(bu)分。陵(ling)園(yuan)：陵(ling)區(qu)分內(nei)(nei)城和外城，修(xiu)有(you)(you)內(nei)(nei)外護(hu)城河。進入神道(dao)的(de)第一(yi)座門(men)(men)(men)坊是(shi)(shi)午(wu)朝門(men)(men)(men)，前(qian)(qian)(qian)為(wei)單拱(gong)石橋，名(ming)(ming)“御橋”。石橋攔板上(shang)(shang)飾有(you)(you)透雕的(de)寶瓶(ping)靈芝等圖案。橋東西兩(liang)側(ce)既是(shi)(shi)白(bai)(bai)馬二泉，泉水明澈，常年(nian)不(bu)(bu)涸，號(hao)稱(cheng)“龍(long)泉”。過“御橋”便是(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)城門(men)(men)(men)。內(nei)(nei)城分為(wei)環以四周的(de)紅墻(qiang)高(gao)(gao)3.70米，寬0.70米，為(wei)冰盤檐(yan)(yan)式磚石結構(gou)，陵(ling)園(yuan)分前(qian)(qian)(qian)后兩(liang)進院落，布局嚴(yan)謹(jin)，建筑(zhu)典雅富麗(li)。南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)三(san)座，中(zhong)門(men)(men)(men)獨高(gao)(gao)，旁門(men)(men)(men)稍矮，翼然(ran)并列，系(xi)門(men)(men)(men)洞式斗(dou)拱(gong)建筑(zhu)。雕梁畫(hua)棟，色(se)彩絢麗(li)，重(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)斗(dou)拱(gong)，凌空(kong)欲飛，中(zhong)門(men)(men)(men)坊額(e)上(shang)(shang)書“荒(huang)王(wang)陵(ling)”三(san)個鎏(liu)金大(da)(da)字。第二道(dao)門(men)(men)(men)與南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)建筑(zhu)在(zai)同一(yi)條中(zhong)軸(zhou)線上(shang)(shang)，為(wei)四柱三(san)楹式歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)飛檐(yan)(yan)建筑(zhu)。后部(bu)有(you)(you)享(xiang)殿，殿七楹，歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)重(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)飛角，是(shi)(shi)當年(nian)祭祀魯王(wang)朱檀的(de)殿宇。據說當年(nian)內(nei)(nei)城墻(qiang)的(de)四角上(shang)(shang)還建有(you)(you)角樓(lou)。

地(di)宮：出(chu)陵(ling)園后門(men)(men)(men)便是方(fang)城(cheng)明樓，是地(di)下宮殿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要標(biao)志。方(fang)城(cheng)高(gao)7.2米(mi)，周圍建(jian)有(you)(you)2.70米(mi)寬(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回廊，供游人飽覽陵(ling)區風光。方(fang)城(cheng)上(shang)建(jian)有(you)(you)明樓，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)歇山(shan)式(shi)飛檐斗(dou)拱建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，氣勢雄偉。方(fang)城(cheng)后便是地(di)宮。地(di)宮距地(di)表(biao)深26米(mi)，由墓(mu)道(dao)、前(qian)室(shi)、后室(shi)三(san)部(bu)分組成，依山(shan)鑿(zao)石(shi)開擴，青磚(zhuan)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)室(shi)，上(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)大封土。地(di)宮建(jian)有(you)(you)兩(liang)道(dao)石(shi)門(men)(men)(men)，墓(mu)道(dao)全長50余米(mi)，并筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)有(you)(you)用(yong)石(shi)灰和(he)糯米(mi)汁混合(he)(he)澆鑄(zhu)而(er)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)道(dao)擋土墻(qiang)。墓(mu)門(men)(men)(men)前(qian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)道(dao)高(gao)8.86米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封土墻(qiang)，墻(qiang)后便是高(gao)8.20米(mi)、寬(kuan)5.35米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紅色(se)金(jin)(jin)剛墻(qiang)，墻(qiang)沿飾(shi)綠色(se)琉(liu)璃瓦和(he)吻獸。第(di)(di)一(yi)道(dao)門(men)(men)(men)位于(yu)(yu)入(ru)洞口1.50米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甬(yong)道(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雙(shuang)扉(fei)樞(shu)軸式(shi)。門(men)(men)(men)以巨石(shi)制(zhi)成，高(gao)2.40米(mi)，寬(kuan)1.30米(mi)，厚0.18—0.20米(mi)，每扇重(zhong)約(yue)2噸，門(men)(men)(men)樞(shu)鑲有(you)(you)重(zhong)約(yue)15公(gong)斤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)銅套。門(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)面雕有(you)(you)縱橫九排門(men)(men)(men)釘和(he)鐵(tie)質涂(tu)金(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋪首(shou)銜環(huan)。石(shi)門(men)(men)(men)涂(tu)紅漆(qi)，釘貼金(jin)(jin)，六(liu)百年后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)今(jin)天，色(se)澤仍(reng)十分鮮艷。這第(di)(di)一(yi)道(dao)門(men)(men)(men)即為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)前(qian)室(shi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)拱券式(shi)磚(zhuan)結構，磨光方(fang)磚(zhuan)鋪地(di)。南(nan)北長8.25米(mi)，東(dong)西寬(kuan)5.25米(mi)，高(gao)4米(mi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)西向券頂(ding)。墓(mu)室(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)規模宏偉，高(gao)大寬(kuan)敞，堅固嚴密，防水性強，在建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藝術上(shang)有(you)(you)獨到之處。前(qian)部(bu)當中(zhong)(zhong)置一(yi)大瓷缸，直徑1.70米(mi)，內(nei)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)鐵(tie)燈(deng)芯座(zuo)、豆油，稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)長明燈(deng)，又叫萬年燈(deng)。后部(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)間設有(you)(you)一(yi)張朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)紅御(yu)案(an)，案(an)上(shang)放盝頂(ding)寶匣(xia)三(san)只。內(nei)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)木(mu)(mu)(mu)制(zhi)帖金(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“魯(lu)王之寶”金(jin)(jin)印。室(shi)內(nei)還隨葬(zang)有(you)(you)龐大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)雕彩繪(hui)俑群(qun)，共432件，分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)(yi)仗俑和(he)樂(le)俑。木(mu)(mu)(mu)俑雕刻精細，刀法簡(jian)練，神態各異，手持各種(zhong)儀(yi)(yi)仗和(he)樂(le)器(qi)，其中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)拱手而(er)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文官和(he)身材(cai)魁偉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)侍衛。尤為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)引人注(zhu)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是一(yi)匹高(gao)頭大馬(ma)，昂首(shou)而(er)立(li)，是出(chu)土24匹馬(ma)中(zhong)(zhong)最為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)健壯肥大華麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)匹。第(di)(di)二道(dao)石(shi)門(men)(men)(men)與前(qian)門(men)(men)(men)基(ji)本相(xiang)同(tong)，兩(liang)室(shi)間有(you)(you)一(yi)甬(yong)道(dao)。后室(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)室(shi)，東(dong)西長8.20米(mi)，南(nan)北寬(kuan)5.45米(mi)，高(gao)5.50米(mi)。中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)砌有(you)(you)南(nan)北3.85米(mi)、東(dong)西3.10米(mi)，高(gao)0.50米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)須(xu)彌座(zuo)式(shi)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)床，朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)漆(qi)楠木(mu)(mu)(mu)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)槨置于(yu)(yu)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)床上(shang)。棺(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)檀身著(zhu)(zhu)龍袍，腰(yao)束玉(yu)帶，頭貫金(jin)(jin)簪，身下鋪19枚金(jin)(jin)錢。棺(guan)(guan)(guan)床兩(liang)邊各有(you)(you)兩(liang)張木(mu)(mu)(mu)桌和(he)兩(liang)個描金(jin)(jin)木(mu)(mu)(mu)箱。箱內(nei)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)(you)冠、袍、靴、衣、帽(mao)、玉(yu)圭、玉(yu)帶和(he)梳(shu)妝具(ju)等。桌上(shang)擺放著(zhu)(zhu)文房四寶和(he)琴棋(qi)詩畫等物(wu)。東(dong)西兩(liang)壁并擺著(zhu)(zhu)葬(zang)儀(yi)(yi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匾牌。其它隨葬(zang)品為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)木(mu)(mu)(mu)、竹、銅、錫制(zhi)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些小(xiao)冥器(qi)和(he)瓷器(qi)等。

出(chu)土(tu)珍貴文(wen)物：朱檀墓共出(chu)土(tu)各類(lei)文(wen)物1100余件，保(bao)存基本(ben)完(wan)好，這批豐(feng)富寶(bao)貴文(wen)物的(de)(de)出(chu)土(tu)，對研究明初社會(hui)政治、經濟(ji)、文(wen)化(hua)以及官制、輿服(fu)、紡織、書法、繪畫等提供了(le)極(ji)為珍貴的(de)(de)資(zi)料(liao)。朱檀墓文(wen)物曾在我國北京(jing)和日本(ben)展出(chu)，引起人們極(ji)大(da)的(de)(de)興(xing)趣。

出(chu)土的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)量隨葬(zang)品大(da)致分(fen)為冠服、儀仗(zhang)、家具、和(he)文房四寶(bao)(bao)、琴(qin)(qin)(qin)棋書(shu)畫(hua)幾類，其中(zhong)(zhong)最突出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)“王冠”。此冠通高(gao)(gao)(gao)18厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)，長(chang)(chang)49.4厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)，寬30厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)。系藤篾編制，鑲(xiang)以(yi)金(jin)(jin)圈、金(jin)(jin)邊(bian)、冠兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側飾梅花(hua)(hua)(hua)穿，貫(guan)一(yi)金(jin)(jin)簪。九旒、旒貫(guan)紅(hong)、白、青(qing)、黃、黑五色玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)珠(zhu)。它(ta)體(ti)現了(le)魯王朱(zhu)檀(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)貴(gui)地位。出(chu)土的(de)(de)(de)(de)袍服衣著之類，有(you)(you)盤(pan)領窄(zhai)袖(xiu)(xiu)金(jin)(jin)織(zhi)龍(long)(long)袍，中(zhong)(zhong)紗單袍和(he)交領暗(an)花(hua)(hua)(hua)云(yun)紋(wen)袍，織(zhi)錦圖(tu)案非常漂亮，大(da)多(duo)用金(jin)(jin)線織(zhi)成。龍(long)(long)袍是(shi)朱(zhu)檀(tan)在大(da)典的(de)(de)(de)(de)日子里穿的(de)(de)(de)(de)，身長(chang)(chang)1.30米(mi)(mi)，袖(xiu)(xiu)長(chang)(chang)約1.10米(mi)(mi)，交領窄(zhai)袖(xiu)(xiu)，米(mi)(mi)黃色，兩(liang)(liang)(liang)肩及(ji)(ji)胸(xiong)背(bei)上(shang)繡金(jin)(jin)織(zhi)盤(pan)龍(long)(long)云(yun)紋(wen)，袖(xiu)(xiu)及(ji)(ji)膝(xi)欄飾行龍(long)(long)云(yun)紋(wen)花(hua)(hua)(hua)草、胸(xiong)下部(bu)(bu)飾三組九行盤(pan)線，圖(tu)案花(hua)(hua)(hua)色豐(feng)富多(duo)彩，對了(le)解和(he)研(yan)究明(ming)代絲(si)織(zhi)品有(you)(you)重要參考價(jia)值。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)制品在出(chu)土文物中(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)較大(da)比例，其中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)件(jian)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)帶，玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)質潤澤，刻(ke)工(gong)(gong)精美(mei)。它(ta)以(yi)25節羊(yang)脂玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)組成，用金(jin)(jin)片鑲(xiang)嵌(qian)，雕(diao)有(you)(you)縷空靈芝圖(tu)案。帶頭三節用雙(shuang)層透花(hua)(hua)(hua)金(jin)(jin)片鑲(xiang)嵌(qian)著一(yi)顆(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)藍(lan)寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)、兩(liang)(liang)(liang)顆(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)較小(xiao)藍(lan)寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)、十二顆(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)紅(hong)寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)、八粒珍珠(zhu)、六顆(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)綠(lv)松(song)石(shi)(shi)、兩(liang)(liang)(liang)塊長(chang)(chang)方形螢石(shi)(shi)(分(fen)別呈(cheng)綠(lv)色，粉(fen)色)，一(yi)顆(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)祖(zu)母(mu)綠(lv)和(he)一(yi)顆(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)稀有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)貓(mao)眼(yan)寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)，通體(ti)總(zong)計鑲(xiang)嵌(qian)各色寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)(shi)33顆(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。其工(gong)(gong)藝之高(gao)(gao)(gao)超，實(shi)(shi)屬罕(han)見。此外，還有(you)(you)一(yi)只白釉云(yun)龍(long)(long)紋(wen)蓋罐(guan)，口(kou)(kou)(kou)徑24.4厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)，底(di)徑21.2厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)，通高(gao)(gao)(gao)37.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)。圓唇，直口(kou)(kou)(kou)，圓鼓腹(fu)，平底(di)。胎體(ti)厚重，通體(ti)施青(qing)白色釉。蓋呈(cheng)倒荷葉(xie)(xie)形，脈(mo)絡(luo)清(qing)晰，寶(bao)(bao)珠(zhu)鈕。腹(fu)部(bu)(bu)刻(ke)暗(an)雙(shuang)龍(long)(long)紋(wen)，昂(ang)首在云(yun)中(zhong)(zhong)遨游相(xiang)逐，龍(long)(long)紋(wen)上(shang)下間隔以(yi)卷草紋(wen)為飾。出(chu)土時罐(guan)內(nei)盛放梨、棗(zao)、肉、米(mi)(mi)飯(fan)、雞蛋、菜葉(xie)(xie)等(deng)。和(he)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)塊質地分(fen)別為碧(bi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)羊(yang)脂玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)圭(gui)，以(yi)及(ji)(ji)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)硯(yan)、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)佩、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)筆管(guan)、玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)筆架等(deng)。從這(zhe)批玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝水(shui)平看，充分(fen)體(ti)現了(le)我國古(gu)代勞動人(ren)(ren)(ren)民高(gao)(gao)(gao)超的(de)(de)(de)(de)技藝和(he)聰明(ming)才(cai)智。“天(tian)(tian)風海(hai)濤(tao)”琴(qin)(qin)(qin)。桐木制成，黑漆(qi)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)身，裂似蛇(she)蚹，背(bei)刻(ke)篆書(shu)“天(tian)(tian)風海(hai)濤(tao)”。琴(qin)(qin)(qin)腹(fu)有(you)(you)龍(long)(long)池、鳳沼兩(liang)(liang)(liang)共鳴槽。龍(long)(long)池內(nei)有(you)(you)“圣宋(song)隆(long)興甲(jia)申口(kou)(kou)(kou)口(kou)(kou)(kou)，大(da)唐(tang)雷(lei)(lei)威親斫(zhuo)”兩(liang)(liang)(liang)行銘(ming)文。雷(lei)(lei)威為唐(tang)代制琴(qin)(qin)(qin)大(da)師(shi)，以(yi)善制蛇(she)蚹琴(qin)(qin)(qin)而著名。南宋(song)大(da)詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)陸游詩(shi)(shi)云(yun)：“古(gu)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)蛇(she)蚹評無(wu)(wu)(wu)價(jia)，魚腸寶(bao)(bao)劍讬有(you)(you)靈”，可見雷(lei)(lei)威制作的(de)(de)(de)(de)蛇(she)蚹琴(qin)(qin)(qin)，在明(ming)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)中(zhong)(zhong)實(shi)(shi)為傳(chuan)(chuan)世珍品了(le)。宋(song)葵花(hua)(hua)(hua)蛺蝶扇(shan)面。高(gao)(gao)(gao)24.3厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)，寬25.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)。絹本、金(jin)(jin)粉(fen)設(she)色，畫(hua)上(shang)方鈐有(you)(you)“皇女市(shi)圖(tu)書(shu)”朱(zhu)印(yin)，左下方鈐有(you)(you)“司印(yin)”二字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)騎縫朱(zhu)印(yin)。背(bei)面有(you)(you)宋(song)高(gao)(gao)(gao)宗趙構(gou)為葵花(hua)(hua)(hua)扇(shan)面題的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)字(zi)跋文：“白露(lu)才(cai)過催八月，紫房紅(hong)葉(xie)(xie)共凄涼(liang)；黃花(hua)(hua)(hua)冷淡(dan)無(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)看，獨自(zi)傾心(xin)向(xiang)夕(xi)陽(yang)” 元錢(qian)選工(gong)(gong)筆白蓮畫(hua)。紙本。高(gao)(gao)(gao)42厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)，長(chang)(chang)90.3厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)，下有(you)(you)錢(qian)選自(zi)提(ti)七言詩(shi)(shi)一(yi)首：“裊(niao)裊(niao)瑤(yao)池白玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)，往來青(qing)島靜(jing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)嘩；幽人(ren)(ren)(ren)不飲閑(xian)攜杖(zhang)，但憶清(qing)香伴月華(hua)。”錢(qian)選，宋(song)末元初人(ren)(ren)(ren)。善畫(hua)山水(shui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)鳥(niao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)物，為元初畫(hua)界八俊之一(yi)。這(zhe)些宋(song)、元古(gu)畫(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)土，為研(yan)究我國古(gu)代書(shu)畫(hua)藝術提(ti)供(gong)了(le)寶(bao)(bao)貴(gui)資料。隨葬(zang)品還有(you)(you)各種書(shu)籍共7種21冊。有(you)(you)《朱(zhu)子訂定蔡氏(shi)集(ji)(ji)傳(chuan)(chuan)》、《增入音注括例始末胡文定公春秋傳(chuan)(chuan)》、《四書(shu)集(ji)(ji)注》、《少微家塾(shu)點校(xiao)附音通簽節要》、《朱(zhu)文公校(xiao)昌(chang)黎先生文集(ji)(ji)》、《黃氏(shi)補(bu)千家注紀年杜工(gong)(gong)部(bu)(bu)詩(shi)(shi)史》等(deng)。這(zhe)些宋(song)元版本已是(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)世珍品，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)更是(shi)海(hai)內(nei)孤本，實(shi)(shi)為瑰寶(bao)(bao)。

中國歷(li)代帝王為了顯(xian)示(shi)地位和尊(zun)貴(gui)，提倡(chang)“厚(hou)葬以明(ming)孝”，不惜動用(yong)大量人(ren)力物力修建(jian)巨(ju)大的陵墓，朱檀(tan)陵園的建(jian)造，在當時實為一項浩(hao)大的系統工程。僅掘石開擴，填積封土，動用(yong)土石方量約計20余萬立(li)方米。這座具有600多年歷(li)史的古建(jian)筑群，充分展示(shi)了古代勞動人(ren)民的智慧和力量。

1970年春(chun)至1971年，山東省(sheng)、濟(ji)寧地(di)區和鄒縣考古工作(zuo)者在有關部門配(pei)合下(xia)，對荒王(wang)陵(ling)地(di)宮(gong)進行了(le)發掘，出(chu)土文物1300余種，不僅是(shi)(shi)山東省(sheng)至今發現(xian)最(zui)大的，而且是(shi)(shi)京南江北最(zui)大的地(di)下(xia)宮(gong)殿。

從1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)始，鄒城市(shi)人(ren)民政府(fu)投入(ru)巨資對荒(huang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)陵(ling)進(jin)行修復建設，歷(li)時兩(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，今日的(de)荒(huang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)陵(ling)重(zhong)現昔日雄(xiong)姿(zi)。現已建立了朱檀墓(mu)文物(wu)管理所(suo)，復制文物(wu)近300件，按墓(mu)內原貌布(bu)(bu)置陣列，每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)都吸引著大批中外游(you)人(ren)來此覽勝，現已被公布(bu)(bu)為山(shan)東(dong)省重(zhong)點(dian)文物(wu)保護單位。附：魯(lu)荒(huang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)世襲(xi)(xi)表魯(lu)荒(huang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)檀，太祖庶(shu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)，洪武三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)就藩兗州府(fu)。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。靖(jing)(jing)王(wang)(wang)(wang)肇輝，荒(huang)庶(shu)一(yi)子(zi)(zi)，永樂元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。成化二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。惠王(wang)(wang)(wang)泰(tai)堪(kan)，靖(jing)(jing)嫡一(yi)子(zi)(zi)，成化三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。莊(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)陽鑄，惠嫡一(yi)子(zi)(zi)，成化十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，嘉(jia)靖(jing)(jing)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。當(dang)漇，莊(zhuang)嫡一(yi)子(zi)(zi)，成化十(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)世子(zi)(zi)，弘治十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。以孫觀火定 襲(xi)(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，追封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)。溢曰(yue)(yue)懷。健木(mu)戈 ，懷嫡一(yi)子(zi)(zi)，弘治十(shi)(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)世孫。正(zheng)德十(shi)(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)，以子(zi)(zi)觀火定 襲(xi)(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。追封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)，溢曰(yue)(yue)悼。端王(wang)(wang)(wang)觀火定 ，悼嫡一(yi)子(zi)(zi)，嘉(jia)靖(jing)(jing)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。恭(gong)(gong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)頤坦，端一(yi)子(zi)(zi)，嘉(jia)靖(jing)(jing)三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。萬(wan)歷(li)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。敬(jing)王(wang)(wang)(wang)壽增(zeng)，恭(gong)(gong)庶(shu)六子(zi)(zi)，初(chu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)富平(ping)王(wang)(wang)(wang)。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。無子(zi)(zi)。憲王(wang)(wang)(wang)壽钅宏，恭(gong)(gong)庶(shu)七子(zi)(zi)，初(chu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)常德王(wang)(wang)(wang)。萬(wan)歷(li)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)進(jin)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。崇禎九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。無子(zi)(zi)。肅王(wang)(wang)(wang)壽鏞(yong)、恭(gong)(gong)庶(shu)九(jiu)子(zi)(zi)，初(chu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)泰(tai)興王(wang)(wang)(wang)。崇禎九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)進(jin)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。自朱檀始，共傳十(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)王(wang)(wang)(wang)，前(qian)后(hou)延續達283年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，貫穿整個明(ming)代(dai)。

實用信息

1970年春，山(shan)東省博物(wu)館組織發掘朱(zhu)檀(tan)墓(mu)。墓(mu)室(shi)(shi)距地表(biao)深20余(yu)米，鑿(zao)石(shi)開壙，砌以(yi)磚室(shi)(shi)，墓(mu)道居南側。墓(mu)室(shi)(shi)前有(you)(you)封門墻(qiang)(qiang)、金(jin)剛墻(qiang)(qiang)、墓(mu)室(shi)(shi)通(tong)長(chang)20.6米，有(you)(you)兩(liang)重(zhong)門，分前后(hou)(hou)(hou)兩(liang)室(shi)(shi)，兩(liang)室(shi)(shi)間有(you)(you)甬道相連，前室(shi)(shi)前部(bu)(bu)正(zheng)中置一(yi)大缸，內有(you)(you)一(yi)盞萬年燈；后(hou)(hou)(hou)部(bu)(bu)中央設一(yi)紅御案，案面(mian)有(you)(you)藍頂寶匣，內盛“魯王之寶”印；御案之前有(you)(you)木(mu)雕彩繪俑群，其中武(wu)士俑、儀仗俑、樂俑、侍衛俑380個(ge)，馬俑24個(ge)，車2輛。后(hou)(hou)(hou)室(shi)(shi)正(zheng)中朱(zhu)檀(tan)棺槨置磚雕棺床之長(chang)。因墓(mu)室(shi)(shi)長(chang)年積水(shui)，隨葬品(pin)(pin)6000余(yu)件大多保(bao)存完好，出土有(you)(you)戧(chuang)金(jin)漆箱、南宋“天風海濤”琴、織金(jin)緞龍袍、雙層(ceng)透雕玉帶、冕(mian)旒等衣(yi)物(wu)。最珍(zhen)貴的(de)(de)是保(bao)存了(le)(le)宋高宗(zong)題跋(ba)的(de)(de)金(jin)粉“葵花蛺蝶”扇(shan)面(mian)、元 錢選(xuan)自跋(ba)的(de)(de)白(bai)蓮手卷(juan)和無款金(jin)碧(bi)山(shan)水(shui)絹畫三(san)件等均(jun)為國內罕見(jian)的(de)(de)文物(wu)珍(zhen)品(pin)(pin)。以(yi)及《四書(shu)集注(zhu)》、《通(tong)鑒節要》、《杜(du)工部(bu)(bu)詩史》等七種(zhong)二(er)十余(yu)冊元刻本書(shu)籍。自1985年起，鄒(zou)縣（今鄒(zou)城(cheng)市(shi)）人民政(zheng)府(fu)陸續修復了(le)(le)墓(mu)前的(de)(de)陵(ling)園建筑(zhu)，復原了(le)(le)墓(mu)室(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)陳列，并對外開放。