武(wu)松(song)打(da)虎,《水滸傳(chuan)》中的故(gu)事,主要講(jiang)述(shu)梁山好漢武(wu)松(song)回家(jia)探望兄長(chang),途經(jing)景陽岡,至(zhi)酒(jiu)家(jia)沽飲十八碗,醉后欲行趕路。酒(jiu)家(jia)告以岡上有虎傷人(ren),勸其勿行。武(wu)松(song)不信,在岡上果遇一(yi)條吊睛白(bai)額大蟲。武(wu)松(song)奮(fen)起平生之力以雙拳將虎打(da)死,為當(dang)地老百姓除去一(yi)大害。后被世人(ren)傳(chuan)為佳話。明代沈璟所著傳(chuan)奇《義俠(xia)記》據此改編。京(jing)劇(ju)、昆腔、高腔、川劇(ju)、滇(dian)劇(ju)、秦(qin)腔均有此劇(ju)目。
座次 14,天罡(gang)星
星名 天傷星
綽號 行者
封號 清忠祖師
身高 約合現今1.84米
職業 陽谷縣步兵捕頭
出生地清河縣(今河北省邢臺市)
使用兵器 兩(liang)把戒刀(dao)
梁山(shan)職司 步(bu)兵頭領(ling)
出場回目 第23回
武松,綽(chuo)號“行者”,因為(wei)排行第二,又名(ming)武二郎,河(he)北邢臺清河(he)縣(有(you)(you)(you)記載武松早是(shi)陽谷縣人,經近期考(kao)證(zheng)為(wei)今邢臺市清河(he)縣人)人。他(ta)是(shi)陜西(xi)大俠鐵臂膀周(zhou)侗的(de)(de)弟子,其(qi)武藝高強,有(you)(you)(you)勇有(you)(you)(you)謀,是(shi)一個下層(ceng)俠義之士,崇尚的(de)(de)是(shi)忠義,有(you)(you)(you)仇必復,有(you)(you)(you)恩(en)必報,他(ta)是(shi)下層(ceng)英雄好漢中最(zui)富有(you)(you)(you)血性(xing)和傳奇色彩的(de)(de)人物。
武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)打(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),出自(zi)施耐庵所著(zhu)《水滸傳》中的(de)第(di)二(er)十(shi)三回《橫(heng)海郡柴進留賓景(jing)陽(yang)岡武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)打(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)》,主要(yao)講述(shu)梁山(shan)(shan)好漢武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)回家探(tan)望哥哥,途中路過(guo)(guo)景(jing)陽(yang)岡。在岡下(xia)酒(jiu)店(dian)喝了(le)十(shi)八碗酒(jiu),踉蹌著(zhu)向(xiang)(xiang)岡上(shang)(shang)走去。行(xing)不多時,只(zhi)見一棵樹上(shang)(shang)寫著(zhu):“近因(yin)景(jing)陽(yang)岡猛(meng)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)傷人(ren),但有過(guo)(guo)往(wang)客(ke)商,應結(jie)伙成(cheng)隊過(guo)(guo)岡,請勿(wu)自(zi)誤。”武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)認為,這是(shi)酒(jiu)家寫來嚇人(ren)的(de),為的(de)是(shi)讓過(guo)(guo)客(ke)住(zhu)他的(de)店(dian),沒有理它(ta),繼(ji)續往(wang)前(qian)走。太陽(yang)快落(luo)山(shan)(shan)時,武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)來到一破廟(miao)前(qian),見廟(miao)門貼了(le)一張(zhang)官府(fu)告(gao)示,武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)讀(du)后(hou)(hou),方知山(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)真有虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),待要(yao)回去住(zhu)店(dian),怕店(dian)家笑話,又(you)繼(ji)續向(xiang)(xiang)前(qian)走。由于酒(jiu)力(li)發作,便找了(le)一塊大(da)青石,仰身(shen)躺下(xia),剛要(yao)入(ru)睡,忽聽(ting)(ting)一陣狂風呼嘯,一只(zhi)眼(yan)睛上(shang)(shang)翹(qiao),額頭(tou)白色的(de)老(lao)(lao)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)朝武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)撲了(le)過(guo)(guo)來,武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)急忙一閃身(shen),躲在老(lao)(lao)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)背后(hou)(hou)。老(lao)(lao)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)一縱(zong)身(shen),武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)又(you)躲了(le)過(guo)(guo)去。老(lao)(lao)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)急了(le),大(da)吼一聲(sheng),用尾巴(ba)向(xiang)(xiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)打(da)來,武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)又(you)急忙跳(tiao)開,并趁猛(meng)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)轉身(shen)的(de)那一霎(sha)間,舉(ju)起哨棒(bang),運足(zu)力(li)氣,朝虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)頭(tou)猛(meng)打(da)下(xia)去。只(zhi)聽(ting)(ting)"咔(ka)嚓"一聲(sheng),哨棒(bang)打(da)在樹枝上(shang)(shang)。老(lao)(lao)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)獸性大(da)發,又(you)向(xiang)(xiang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)撲過(guo)(guo)來,武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)扔掉半截棒(bang),順勢(shi)騎在虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)背上(shang)(shang),左手揪住(zhu)老(lao)(lao)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)頭(tou)上(shang)(shang)的(de)皮,右手猛(meng)擊虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)頭(tou),沒多久就把(ba)老(lao)(lao)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)打(da)得眼(yan)、嘴、鼻、耳(er)到處(chu)流血,趴在地(di)上(shang)(shang)不能動彈(dan)。武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)怕老(lao)(lao)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)裝死,舉(ju)起半截哨棒(bang)又(you)打(da)了(le)一陣,見那老(lao)(lao)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)確實沒氣了(le),才住(zhu)手。從此武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)威名大(da)震。
施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)耐(nai)(nai)庵(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(1296~1371),字(zi)肇瑞,號(hao)子(zi)安,別號(hao)耐(nai)(nai)庵(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)。漢族,江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)(su)興化(hua)(hua)白駒(ju)場人(ren)(一(yi)說浙江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)錢(qian)(qian)塘人(ren))。元(yuan)(yuan)末(mo)明(ming)初作家。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)耐(nai)(nai)庵(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)祖(zu)籍(ji)泰(tai)州(zhou)海(hai)陵縣(xian),住(zhu)蘇(su)(su)州(zhou)閶門外施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)家巷,后(hou)(hou)遷居當(dang)時興化(hua)(hua)縣(xian)白駒(ju)場(今江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)(su)省大(da)豐市(shi)白駒(ju)鎮)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)耐(nai)(nai)庵(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)自幼聰(cong)明(ming)好(hao)學,元(yuan)(yuan)延(yan)祐元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(1314年(nian))考中(zhong)秀才,泰(tai)定元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(1324年(nian))中(zhong)舉人(ren),至順二年(nian)(1331年(nian))登(deng)進士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。不久(jiu)任(ren)錢(qian)(qian)塘縣(xian)尹,因替窮人(ren)辯冤糾枉(wang)遭縣(xian)官(guan)的(de)(de)訓斥(chi),遂辭官(guan)回家。元(yuan)(yuan)至正十三(san)(san)年(nian)(1353年(nian)),白駒(ju)場鹽民張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)誠(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)十八名壯(zhuang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)率壯(zhuang)丁起義反元(yuan)(yuan)。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)誠(cheng)(cheng)敬其(qi)文(wen)韜武略,再(zai)三(san)(san)邀請他(ta)為(wei)(wei)軍幕(mu),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)耐(nai)(nai)庵(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)抱著建造“王道樂(le)所”的(de)(de)宏遠計劃欣然前往,為(wei)(wei)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)誠(cheng)(cheng)獻了(le)許多攻城奪地的(de)(de)計策(ce)。后(hou)(hou)因張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)誠(cheng)(cheng)居功自傲(ao),獨(du)斷專行(xing),親(qin)信佞(ning)臣,疏遠忠良,施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)耐(nai)(nai)庵(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)幾次諫勸(quan),張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)誠(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)不予采納,于(yu)是(shi)憤然離(li)開平江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),并作《秋江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)送(song)別》套曲贈予同在張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幕(mu)的(de)(de)魯淵、劉亮等(deng)人(ren)。此后(hou)(hou),浪跡江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)湖,替人(ren)醫病解難。后(hou)(hou)入江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)陰(yin)祝(zhu)塘財主(zhu)徐騏家中(zhong)坐館,除了(le)教書以外,還與(yu)拜(bai)他(ta)為(wei)(wei)師的(de)(de)羅貫中(zhong)一(yi)起研究《三(san)(san)國演(yan)義》《三(san)(san)遂平妖傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》的(de)(de)創(chuang)作,搜集、整理關(guan)于(yu)梁山泊宋江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)等(deng)英雄人(ren)物的(de)(de)故(gu)事,為(wei)(wei)撰寫《江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)湖豪客(ke)(ke)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》準備素材。至正二十七(qi)年(nian)(1367年(nian)),朱元(yuan)(yuan)璋滅張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)誠(cheng)(cheng)后(hou)(hou),到處(chu)偵查張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)誠(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)部屬。為(wei)(wei)避(bi)免麻煩(fan),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)耐(nai)(nai)庵(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)征求興化(hua)(hua)好(hao)友顧逖的(de)(de)意見,在白駒(ju)修了(le)房屋(wu),從此隱居不出(chu),專心于(yu)《江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)湖豪客(ke)(ke)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》的(de)(de)創(chuang)作。《江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)湖豪客(ke)(ke)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》成書后(hou)(hou),定為(wei)(wei)《水滸傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》。
明初(chu)洪武年間(jian),梧塍徐(xu)氏九世(shi)徐(xu)麒(徐(xu)霞客高祖)以布衣承詔出(chu)使四川,功成(cheng)辭官回到故里,名揚一時。徐(xu)麒請(qing)蘇州(zhou)(一說為錢塘(tang)即杭(hang)州(zhou))隱士施耐庵(an)到家里當私塾先(xian)生。施耐庵(an)就住在祝塘(tang)鎮環境(jing)幽美的(de)大宅(zhai)里,邊教書邊寫作《水(shui)滸傳》,當地(di)人都(dou)尊稱他為“耐庵(an)公"。
武(wu)松(song)景(jing)陽(yang)岡打(da)(da)虎,寫(xie)得(de)栩(xu)栩(xu)如生。據說(shuo)當時施(shi)耐(nai)庵不過(guo)是到大宅里村后(hou)的后(hou)陽(yang)崗散步,見(jian)有條(tiao)黃(huang)狗(gou)睡在(zai)松(song)樹下(xia),一名莊丁武(wu)阿(a)二(er)把(ba)黃(huang)狗(gou)打(da)(da)跑(pao)了。施(shi)耐(nai)庵回家(jia)便以(yi)此為原型進行創作,把(ba)后(hou)陽(yang)崗改作景(jing)陽(yang)岡,黃(huang)狗(gou)變成(cheng)吊睛白額虎,武(wu)阿(a)二(er)成(cheng)了武(wu)松(song)。
景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)岡(gang)(gang)位(wei)于陽(yang)谷(gu)縣城東16公(gong)里張秋鎮境(jing)內(nei)(nei)。傳(chuan)為(wei)《水滸(hu)傳(chuan)》中描述的(de)(de)(de)(de)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)打(da)(da)(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)處(chu)(chu)(chu),也是龍山(shan)文(wen)化城遺址所在(zai)地(di)。總(zong)占地(di)面積(ji)33.3公(gong)頃(qing),其(qi)中水面10公(gong)頃(qing)。景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區內(nei)(nei)沙丘起伏(fu),莽草(cao)叢生,林(lin)蔭(yin)蔽(bi)日,一(yi)(yi)派荒野景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)象(xiang)。其(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)點有(you)(you)(you)三(san)碗(wan)不過(guo)岡(gang)(gang)酒店、鄉民告示處(chu)(chu)(chu)、縣衙(ya)告示處(chu)(chu)(chu)、山(shan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)打(da)(da)(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)、石(shi)碑(bei)、虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)嘯亭(ting)、武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、湖心島、釣魚臺、碑(bei)林(lin)、虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)池(chi)、猴山(shan)、鹿苑、箭(jian)場等20余處(chu)(chu)(chu)。“武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)打(da)(da)(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)”石(shi)碑(bei)為(wei)南(nan)(nan)(nan)宋時期所立(li)(li)。山(shan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao):已有(you)(you)(you)200余年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史,共3間,建在(zai)長30米、寬25米、高4米的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)臺上(shang),坐北朝南(nan)(nan)(nan),青磚(zhuan)灰瓦。廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)內(nei)(nei)塑有(you)(you)(you)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)打(da)(da)(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)造像。廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)左前(qian)方立(li)(li)有(you)(you)(you)原中共山(shan)東省委書(shu)記(ji)舒同題(ti)寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)岡(gang)(gang)”石(shi)碑(bei),右前(qian)方立(li)(li)有(you)(you)(you)著名(ming)書(shu)法(fa)家(jia)(jia)楊萱庭書(shu)寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高3米的(de)(de)(de)(de)“虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)”字碑(bei)。虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)嘯亭(ting):位(wei)于景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區西(xi)部(bu),六(liu)角單檐,由徐悲鴻的(de)(de)(de)(de)夫人、書(shu)法(fa)家(jia)(jia)廖靜(jing)文(wen)題(ti)名(ming)。碑(bei)林(lin):在(zai)山(shan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)以北。因武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)打(da)(da)(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)故事廣為(wei)流傳(chuan),故到景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)岡(gang)(gang)參(can)觀旅(lv)游的(de)(de)(de)(de)學術界名(ming)人大都在(zai)此題(ti)詞、賦詩、作(zuo)書(shu)、繪畫(hua)。有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)人員整理后(hou),刻(ke)石(shi)立(li)(li)碑(bei)。多(duo)年(nian)積(ji)累,碑(bei)林(lin)漸成(cheng)規模,到2001年(nian)底,有(you)(you)(you)碑(bei)刻(ke)46碣。武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao):在(zai)北岡(gang)(gang)之巔。門匾(bian)額“武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)”為(wei)趙樸初所書(shu)。園(yuan)內(nei)(nei)東亭(ting)內(nei)(nei)為(wei)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)打(da)(da)(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)碑(bei),西(xi)亭(ting)內(nei)(nei)為(wei)新(xin)鑄大鐘。大殿系五開(kai)間三(san)進深歇(xie)山(shan)式建筑(zhu)。殿內(nei)(nei)正中為(wei)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)塑像,像上(shang)懸(xuan)“勛業昭彰(zhang)”四字匾(bian)。墻內(nei)(nei)飾有(you)(you)(you)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)一(yi)(yi)級美(mei)術師和(he)民間藝(yi)術家(jia)(jia)合作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)幅木(mu)質彩刻(ke)壁(bi)畫(hua)。“武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)打(da)(da)(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)”浮雕石(shi)像:佇(zhu)立(li)(li)在(zai)山(shan)岡(gang)(gang)前(qian)。由著名(ming)畫(hua)家(jia)(jia)劉(liu)繼卣創作(zuo)。象(xiang)征著除暴(bao)安良、見義勇為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)精神(shen)(shen)(shen)。“天下第一(yi)(yi)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)”石(shi):位(wei)于景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)岡(gang)(gang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu),傳(chuan)為(wei)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)打(da)(da)(da)死的(de)(de)(de)(de)那只老虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)化身。“景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)春(chun)曉(xiao)”石(shi):位(wei)于景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)岡(gang)(gang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)端的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)神(shen)(shen)(shen)奇的(de)(de)(de)(de)巨石(shi),它形體美(mei)妙,正看如(ru)一(yi)(yi)“山(shan)”字。上(shang)刻(ke)著名(ming)書(shu)法(fa)家(jia)(jia)劉(liu)藝(yi)所書(shu)“景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)春(chun)曉(xiao)”四字。