鞠杲(生卒(zu)年(nian)月不(bu)詳),北宋(song)吳(wu)川人,元祐進士,他是(shi)吳(wu)川歷史(shi)上第一位進士。河南(nan)鞠詠(yong)之后,故居在原吳(wu)川縣(xian)北十一都溫口(kou)村(現吳(wu)川市黃坡鎮(zhen)穩村也叫彎村)。
北宋末期,宋神宗為了挽(wan)救危機,支持王安石實行變法,此舉遭到保守派(pai)的(de)強烈反對。在變法派(pai)與保守派(pai)的(de)反復斗爭中,鞠(ju)杲站在保守派(pai)一方,于元符(fu)中年入京(jing)上(shang)書,“辭極抗(kang)直地力數改革派(pai)章(zhang)惇、蔡卞等人(ren)的(de)罪行,激怒了章(zhang)惇,遂被列為“奸黨”貶謫終身。保守派(pai)復辟后(hou)則尊他為鄉(xiang)賢加以崇祀。
鞠(ju)(ju)杲的祖上(shang)是密州高(gao)密的世家(jia)大族,遠祖鞠(ju)(ju)真(zhen)、鞠(ju)(ju)常(chang)、鞠(ju)(ju)仲(zhong)謀、鞠(ju)(ju)礪(li)、鞠(ju)(ju)詠連續五(wu)代皆(jie)為北(bei)宋大臣,其中(zhong)鞠(ju)(ju)常(chang)、鞠(ju)(ju)詠還名列《宋史》,
據《宋(song)史(shi)(shi)》和(he)高安鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)氏(shi)族譜記(ji)載(zai)(zai):北(bei)宋(song)真宗時(shi)期的侍御史(shi)(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲謀(mou)(mou)傳二子(zi)(zi),長子(zi)(zi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)礪,次子(zi)(zi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)砥。鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲謀(mou)(mou)之父鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)常,漢乾祐二年(nian)(nian)擢進士第(di),年(nian)(nian)二十(shi)(shi)一......開寶七(qi)年(nian)(nian),寢疾(ji),卒(zu)于(yu)官(guan)舍,年(nian)(nian)四十(shi)(shi)七(qi),享年(nian)(nian)應為(wei)公元(yuan)(yuan)928-974年(nian)(nian)。又載(zai)(zai):夫人于(yu)氏(shi)“太平(ping)興(xing)國七(qi)年(nian)(nian)卒(zu)于(yu)私第(di),年(nian)(nian)四十(shi)(shi)七(qi)。”享年(nian)(nian)應為(wei)公元(yuan)(yuan)936-982年(nian)(nian)。假如于(yu)氏(shi)夫人在十(shi)(shi)八(ba)歲(sui)生(sheng)長子(zi)(zi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲謀(mou)(mou),那么(me)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲謀(mou)(mou)的出生(sheng)年(nian)(nian)應是后周廣(guang)(guang)順(shun)三年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)953年(nian)(nian)),到《宋(song)會(hui)要輯(ji)稿》記(ji)載(zai)(zai)的“景(jing)德(de)二年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)1005年(nian)(nian))正月二十(shi)(shi)八(ba),命(ming)侍御史(shi)(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲謀(mou)(mou)為(wei)國子(zi)(zi)監考試知(zhi)舉官(guan)”整(zheng)53歲(sui)。而(er)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)詠(yong)(yong),參(can)閱《宋(song)史(shi)(shi)》只能查到他(ta)的卒(zu)年(nian)(nian),據載(zai)(zai):“鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)詠(yong)(yong),開封人,詠(yong)(yong)十(shi)(shi)歲(sui)而(er)孤,父勵為(wei)廣(guang)(guang)南(nan)轉運使”,又載(zai)(zai):“天圣八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(1030年(nian)(nian)).......判登聞檢院,明年(nian)(nian)詠(yong)(yong)卒(zu)。”因此認定鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)詠(yong)(yong)卒(zu)于(yu)公元(yuan)(yuan)1031年(nian)(nian)。由此得出的輩分排序(xu)為(wei):常-仲謀(mou)(mou)-礪-詠(yong)(yong),從年(nian)(nian)齡結構上是合(he)理的,而(er)《宋(song)史(shi)(shi)》中的“勵”亦可(ke)為(wei)“礪”。
鞠(ju)杲(gao),從家譜上(shang)(shang)(shang)得(de)知(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)鞠(ju)仲(zhong)謀長子鞠(ju)礪的(de)(de)嫡(di)傳,那么(me)他的(de)(de)輩(bei)(bei)分(fen)排(pai)序(xu)應該(gai)怎樣確定呢?首先,鞠(ju)杲(gao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)書彈(dan)(dan)劾章惇在(zai)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)很(hen)有名,各種史(shi)(shi)籍多有記載,時間是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)“北宋元(yuan)符(fu)中(zhong)”,大(da)約是(shi)(shi)(shi)1099年(nian)(nian),歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)記載:“鞠(ju)杲(gao)中(zhong)進士(shi)第(di)不(bu)(bu)久便進京上(shang)(shang)(shang)書,彈(dan)(dan)劾章惇妨賢誤國(guo),言(yan)極(ji)抗(kang)直”。湛(zhan)江吳(wu)川史(shi)(shi)志(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)說(shuo),鞠(ju)杲(gao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)吳(wu)川歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)進士(shi)的(de)(de)第(di)一(yi)人(ren)。進一(yi)步(bu)分(fen)析,一(yi)般參加科(ke)考(kao)都(dou)在(zai)青(qing)(qing)壯年(nian)(nian),像范進那樣七老(lao)(lao)八十了才中(zhong)舉人(ren)的(de)(de),即使(shi)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)小(xiao)說(shuo)的(de)(de)夸(kua)張也是(shi)(shi)(shi)特例(li)。彈(dan)(dan)劾事件既然發生(sheng)在(zai)元(yuan)符(fu)中(zhong),此時鞠(ju)杲(gao)正當青(qing)(qing)壯年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)四(si)十歲以前,而鞠(ju)詠(yong)(yong)卒年(nian)(nian)在(zai)1031年(nian)(nian),青(qing)(qing)壯年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)鞠(ju)杲(gao)同卒年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)鞠(ju)詠(yong)(yong)就已(yi)知(zhi)時間判斷就相差(cha)68年(nian)(nian),因(yin)為(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)直系傳人(ren),68年(nian)(nian)至少應傳續(xu)三代以上(shang)(shang)(shang)。吳(wu)川的(de)(de)一(yi)位網(wang)友認為(wei):鞠(ju)詠(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)鞠(ju)杲(gao)之父(fu)。這個顯然不(bu)(bu)合(he)邏輯,假設鞠(ju)詠(yong)(yong)病逝(shi)時鞠(ju)杲(gao)年(nian)(nian)方(fang)一(yi)歲,到元(yuan)符(fu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)1099年(nian)(nian)已(yi)經(jing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)68歲的(de)(de)老(lao)(lao)人(ren),偌大(da)年(nian)(nian)紀尚(shang)能遠涉幾千里,風塵仆仆的(de)(de)從吳(wu)川到汴京上(shang)(shang)(shang)訪告狀這可能嗎?因(yin)此鞠(ju)杲(gao)應是(shi)(shi)(shi)鞠(ju)詠(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)孫(sun)(sun)輩(bei)(bei)或曾(ceng)孫(sun)(sun)輩(bei)(bei)比較合(he)理。
其(qi)次,鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)杲中第是(shi)(shi)在(zai)吳川(chuan),吳川(chuan)在(zai)北宋隸屬廣(guang)南東路(lu)(lu),其(qi)祖鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)礪(li)(li)又擔(dan)任(ren)(ren)過廣(guang)南轉(zhuan)運(yun)使(shi),看(kan)來鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)杲居(ju)吳川(chuan)是(shi)(shi)有歷史(shi)原因的(de)。北宋的(de)轉(zhuan)運(yun)使(shi)權(quan)力很(hen)大,負(fu)責軍(jun)隊的(de)軍(jun)需(xu)糧草供應(ying)和(he)漕(cao)運(yun),相當(dang)(dang)于現在(zai)的(de)后(hou)勤部(bu)長,主要官員由兵部(bu)委派,不受地(di)方轄制。廣(guang)南路(lu)(lu)分東路(lu)(lu)和(he)西(xi)路(lu)(lu),廣(guang)南東路(lu)(lu)為現在(zai)的(de)廣(guang)東,西(xi)路(lu)(lu)是(shi)(shi)廣(guang)西(xi),吳川(chuan)縣北“十一(yi)都溫口(kou)村(cun)(宋代歷史(shi)名稱)”正好(hao)在(zai)廣(guang)南東路(lu)(lu)漕(cao)運(yun)的(de)要道(dao)上,是(shi)(shi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)礪(li)(li)工作的(de)必(bi)經之地(di),家住開封的(de)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)礪(li)(li)在(zai)此選擇一(yi)塊(kuai)風(feng)水(shui)寶地(di)投資田(tian)產(chan)很(hen)正常。想(xiang)當(dang)(dang)初鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲謀(mou)從雍(yong)熙(xi)二年到(dao)端拱二年作康樂(今江(jiang)西(xi)萬(wan)載)主簿(bu),利用五年的(de)積蓄為二兒子(zi)(zi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)砥(di)在(zai)石崗投資一(yi)塊(kuai)田(tian)產(chan),可(ke)(ke)能是(shi)(shi)認(ren)為鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)砥(di)仕(shi)途(tu)無(wu)望的(de)長遠(yuan)打算。而此時的(de)長子(zi)(zi)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)礪(li)(li),一(yi)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)成績優(you)異,為父(fu)也(ye)一(yi)定(ding)看(kan)出他將來的(de)仕(shi)途(tu)無(wu)量,果然入(ru)仕(shi)后(hou),先(xian)任(ren)(ren)尚書善部(bu)員外郎,后(hou)任(ren)(ren)廣(guang)南轉(zhuan)運(yun)使(shi),可(ke)(ke)謂官運(yun)亨通。鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)仲謀(mou)早期(qi)也(ye)曾擔(dan)任(ren)(ren)過陜(shan)西(xi)轉(zhuan)運(yun)使(shi),后(hou)來升(sheng)到(dao)兵部(bu)員外郎,父(fu)子(zi)(zi)倆(lia)先(xian)后(hou)在(zai)一(yi)個系統任(ren)(ren)職(zhi),真(zhen)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)榮(rong)俱榮(rong)啊。可(ke)(ke)惜,鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)礪(li)(li)英年早逝。
新建(jian)西山(shan)鞠(ju)氏(shi)(shi)譜序上說:西山(shan)萬(wan)壽宮(gong)鞠(ju)氏(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)始遷(qian)祖是(shi)(shi)(shi)鞠(ju)杲,是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)鞠(ju)仲(zhong)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)守(shou)(shou)靈而(er)(er)舉家(jia)遷(qian)徙。從時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間上分析,鞠(ju)杲的(de)(de)遷(qian)徙應該是(shi)(shi)(shi)鞠(ju)仲(zhong)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)卒后(hou)(hou)100多年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)事了,而(er)(er)距鞠(ju)砥遷(qian)石崗最少也晚了120年(nian)(nian)(nian)。金田鞠(ju)氏(shi)(shi)明朝萬(wan)歷(li)三十八年(nian)(nian)(nian)九月譜序載(zai):鞠(ju)仲(zhong)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)宋(song)景(jing)(jing)德(de)二(er)十四(si)賢(xian)之(zhi)一,為(wei)了表(biao)彰他生(sheng)前對朝廷做出的(de)(de)貢獻(xian),死后(hou)(hou)由(you)宋(song)真(zhen)宗欽勅“柩葬大(da)嶺(ling)......命子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孫就而(er)(er)居(ju)焉。”關(guan)于(yu)景(jing)(jing)德(de)二(er)十四(si)賢(xian)歷(li)史有記載(zai),《資治通(tong)鑒卷二(er)十四(si)》載(zai):“帝(di)密(mi)采群(qun)臣(chen)之(zhi)有聞望者,得刑(xing)部郎中邊肅,殿中丞鞠(ju)仲(zhong)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)......凡二(er)十四(si)人......或(huo)命為(wei)省府判官(guan)(guan),或(huo)升其差使焉。”鞠(ju)仲(zhong)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)名列(lie)第(di)二(er)。“景(jing)(jing)德(de)二(er)十四(si)賢(xian)”,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)朝廷對現任(ren)官(guan)(guan)員政績的(de)(de)一種褒獎,這(zhe)說明在(zai)(zai)北宋(song)景(jing)(jing)德(de)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元1007年(nian)(nian)(nian))以(yi)前鞠(ju)仲(zhong)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)仍(reng)在(zai)(zai)任(ren)上,而(er)(er)此時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)長子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鞠(ju)礪(li)已經先父而(er)(er)終(zhong),由(you)此判斷,鞠(ju)仲(zhong)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)享年(nian)(nian)(nian)應在(zai)(zai)六十歲以(yi)內。“大(da)嶺(ling)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)葬地(di),宋(song)代(dai)的(de)(de)大(da)嶺(ling)今(jin)無可考(kao),很可能(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)今(jin)天西山(shan)前面的(de)(de)某一個地(di)方(fang)。“命子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孫就而(er)(er)居(ju)焉”就是(shi)(shi)(shi)責令子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孫就地(di)居(ju)住,世代(dai)守(shou)(shou)靈。丁憂是(shi)(shi)(shi)古(gu)代(dai)行(xing)孝的(de)(de)一種制度,一般由(you)兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)來(lai)執行(xing),規定是(shi)(shi)(shi)結廬墓旁,披麻戴孝,守(shou)(shou)靈三年(nian)(nian)(nian)。仲(zhong)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)公逝世之(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),長子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鞠(ju)礪(li)或(huo)已亡故,守(shou)(shou)靈的(de)(de)重(zhong)任(ren)自然落在(zai)(zai)次子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鞠(ju)砥身(shen)上,因(yin)(yin)此鞠(ju)砥及其后(hou)(hou)代(dai)應是(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)一波參與(yu)守(shou)(shou)靈的(de)(de)人。北宋(song)元符中即1099年(nian)(nian)(nian),鞠(ju)杲尚在(zai)(zai)吳川,因(yin)(yin)此,遷(qian)徙時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間應是(shi)(shi)(shi)鞠(ju)杲上告章惇失敗(bai)被(bei)“貶謫終(zhong)身(shen)”后(hou)(hou),方(fang)才(cai)舉家(jia)遷(qian)往洪州西山(shan),此時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應該是(shi)(shi)(shi)鞠(ju)仲(zhong)謀(mou)(mou)(mou)逝后(hou)(hou)大(da)約(yue)90~100年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)事了。