刑天是中國(guo)古代神(shen)話傳說中的人物(wu)。刑天原是一個無名的巨人,因和黃帝爭神(shen)座(zuo),被黃帝砍(kan)掉了腦袋。“刑天”這個名字的意思就是:天者,顛也;刑者,戮(lu)也。天就是天帝,“刑天”就表示誓戮(lu)天帝以復仇。
刑天斷首(shou)的故事(shi)出(chu)自《山海經·海外西經》。
《山海(hai)經(jing).校注》云:“刑天與帝爭神。帝斷其首(shou),葬于常(chang)羊之野(ye)。乃(nai)以(yi)(yi)乳為(wei)目,以(yi)(yi)臍為(wei)口,操(cao)干(gan)戚(qi)而舞。”
刑(xing)天(tian)與帝(di)至(zhi)此爭神(shen),帝(di)斷其首(shou),葬(zang)之常羊之山(shan),乃以(yi)乳(ru)為(wei)目(mu),以(yi)臍為(wei)口(kou),操干戚以(yi)舞(wu)。”乃出于東周的《山(shan)海(hai)經.海(hai)外(wai)西經》。話(hua)說刑(xing)天(tian)與天(tian)帝(di)(黃帝(di))爭奪神(shen)位寶座。二者相斗,帝(di)終斷刑(xing)天(tian)首(shou)級,并把他(ta)葬(zang)于常羊之山(shan)。但刑(xing)天(tian)魂魄不(bu)滅,竟(jing)以(yi)乳(ru)為(wei)目(mu)、臍為(wei)口(kou),手執干戈漫舞(wu)。晉·陶淵明《讀山(shan)海(hai)經十三首(shou)》有云:“精衛銜微木(mu),將以(yi)填(tian)滄海(hai)。刑(xing)天(tian)舞(wu)干戚,猛志(zhi)固常在(zai)。同物既(ji)無類(有的版本是“同物既(ji)無慮(lv)”),化去不(bu)復悔(hui)。徒(tu)設在(zai)昔心,良(liang)辰詎可(ke)待(dai)!”
刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)是(shi)(shi)山(shan)海經里提到的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)位無頭(tou)巨(ju)人,原是(shi)(shi)炎帝(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)手下。自炎帝(di)(di)被黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)阪泉之戰打敗(bai)之后,刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)便跟隨在(zai)(zai)炎帝(di)(di)身(shen)邊,定居在(zai)(zai)南方(fang)。當時(shi),蚩尤起兵復(fu)仇,卻被黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)鏟(chan)平,因而(er)身(shen)首異處,刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)一(yi)怒之下便手拿著利斧(fu),殺(sha)到天(tian)(tian)(tian)庭(ting)中央的(de)(de)(de)(de)南天(tian)(tian)(tian)門外,指名要與(yu)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)單挑獨(du)斗。最后刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)不敵,被黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)斬去頭(tou)顱。而(er)沒了頭(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)并沒有(you)因此死(si)去,而(er)是(shi)(shi)重(zhong)新(xin)站了起來(lai),并把(ba)胸(xiong)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個乳頭(tou)當作眼睛,把(ba)肚臍(qi)當作嘴巴;左手握(wo)盾,右手拿斧(fu)。因為沒了頭(tou)顱,所以他只能永(yong)遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)與(yu)看不見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)敵人廝殺(sha),永(yong)遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰斗。而(er)在(zai)(zai)陶淵明的(de)(de)(de)(de)《讀山(shan)海經》中有(you):“精(jing)衛(wei)銜微木,將以填滄海。刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)舞干(gan)戚,猛志固常在(zai)(zai)。同物(wu)既無類,化去不復(fu)悔。徒設在(zai)(zai)昔(xi)心,良辰(chen)詎(ju)可待(dai)!”來(lai)贊頌刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)神。
干(盾)和戚(大斧(fu))。