刺(ci)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)門(men)(Cnidaria)又(you)稱(cheng)刺(ci)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)門(men),過去稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)腔(qiang)腸動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)門(men)(Coelenterata),因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)它的(de)含(han)義適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)刺(ci)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)及(ji)櫛水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)(mu)(mu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu),所以(yi)現多已廢棄不用(yong)(yong)。刺(ci)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)呈輻射(she)或(huo)兩(liang)輻射(she)對稱(cheng),僅具(ju)二胚(pei)層(ceng)(ceng),是(shi)最(zui)原始的(de)后(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)。體(ti)壁由(you)外(wai)胚(pei)層(ceng)(ceng)、內(nei)胚(pei)層(ceng)(ceng)和(he)中(zhong)膠(jiao)層(ceng)(ceng)組成(cheng)(cheng)。內(nei)胚(pei)層(ceng)(ceng)圍成(cheng)(cheng)身體(ti)的(de)整個內(nei)腔(qiang)稱(cheng)消化循環(huan)腔(qiang),腔(qiang)腸一端(duan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)口(kou),他端(duan)閉塞(sai),無(wu)肛門(men)。體(ti)壁中(zhong)有(you)刺(ci)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)。腔(qiang)腸動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)的(de)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)骼(ge)主要為(wei)(wei)(wei)外(wai)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)骼(ge),具(ju)有(you)支持(chi)和(he)保護功能。多由(you)幾丁質(zhi)、角質(zhi)和(he)石灰質(zhi)構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)。在很多珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)蟲(chong)中(zhong)具(ju)有(you)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)針或(huo)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)軸,它們存(cun)(cun)在于(yu)中(zhong)膠(jiao)層(ceng)(ceng),或(huo)突出(chu)于(yu)體(ti)表面(mian)。有(you)無(wu)性(xing)和(he)有(you)性(xing)兩(liang)種(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)殖方式,并往往出(chu)現在同一種(zhong)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活史中(zhong),即水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)螅(xi)型(xing)(xing)世(shi)代用(yong)(yong)無(wu)性(xing)出(chu)芽生(sheng)(sheng)殖方式產生(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)(mu)(mu)型(xing)(xing)世(shi)代,而水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)(mu)(mu)型(xing)(xing)個體(ti)脫離母(mu)(mu)(mu)體(ti),長大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)熟以(yi)后(hou),又(you)以(yi)有(you)性(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)殖方式產生(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)螅(xi)型(xing)(xing)個體(ti),兩(liang)個世(shi)代互(hu)相(xiang)交(jiao)替完成(cheng)(cheng)整個生(sheng)(sheng)活史。約1萬種(zhong),可分為(wei)(wei)(wei):水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)螅(xi)蟲(chong)綱(gang)(gang)(gang)、缽(bo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)(mu)(mu)綱(gang)(gang)(gang)和(he)珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)蟲(chong)綱(gang)(gang)(gang)3綱(gang)(gang)(gang),一般認為(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)螅(xi)蟲(chong)綱(gang)(gang)(gang)是(shi)最(zui)原始的(de)。絕大(da)(da)部分海(hai)(hai)產,只有(you)少數種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)產于(yu)淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),以(yi)熱帶(dai)和(he)亞熱帶(dai)海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)的(de)淺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區最(zui)豐富。較(jiao)小種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)可作魚類(lei)(lei)食(shi)餌(er),珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)骼(ge)(如(ru)紅珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu))可作工(gong)藝品(pin),古珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)和(he)現代珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)可形成(cheng)(cheng)儲油層(ceng)(ceng),海(hai)(hai)邊的(de)珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)礁可作天然海(hai)(hai)堤;海(hai)(hai)蜇鹽漬后(hou)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)食(shi)品(pin),有(you)些種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)可作藥(yao)用(yong)(yong);有(you)些浮游(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)(mu)(mu)類(lei)(lei)可作為(wei)(wei)(wei)海(hai)(hai)流指(zhi)示生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu);但是(shi),有(you)些大(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(如(ru)霞水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)(mu)(mu)、根(gen)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)(mu)(mu))在大(da)(da)量出(chu)現時,會阻塞(sai)或(huo)破(po)壞(huai)漁網,有(you)的(de)海(hai)(hai)葵混于(yu)漁獲物(wu)(wu)中(zhong),人食(shi)后(hou)中(zhong)毒致(zhi)死。刺(ci)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)除極少數種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)活外(wai),絕大(da)(da)多數種(zhong)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)活,多數在淺海(hai)(hai),少數為(wei)(wei)(wei)深海(hai)(hai)種(zhong),現存(cun)(cun)約11000種(zhong),分為(wei)(wei)(wei)3個綱(gang)(gang)(gang):水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)螅(xi)綱(gang)(gang)(gang)(Hydrozoa)、缽(bo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)(mu)(mu)綱(gang)(gang)(gang)(Scyphozoa)、珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)綱(gang)(gang)(gang)(Anthozoa)。
刺(ci)胞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)很少(shao)能做(zuo)(zuo)主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)移(yi)位運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力(li)是(shi)(shi)很有(you)(you)(you)(you)限的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),特別是(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)螅型(xing)。運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是(shi)(shi)由(you)表皮(pi)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)肉細胞中肌(ji)(ji)(ji)原(yuan)(yuan)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)縮(suo)所(suo)(suo)引起(qi)。例如水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)螅的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)身體可(ke)(ke)做(zuo)(zuo)伸(shen)縮(suo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),伸(shen)展時(shi)(shi)體長可(ke)(ke)達15~20mm,收(shou)縮(suo)時(shi)(shi)體長僅0.5mm,這(zhe)種伸(shen)縮(suo)是(shi)(shi)爆發式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),每5~10分(fen)鐘左右爆發一(yi)次,主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)由(you)外皮(pi)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)細胞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)縱行(xing)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)原(yuan)(yuan)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)縮(suo)所(suo)(suo)引起(qi)。身體一(yi)側的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)原(yuan)(yuan)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)縮(suo)可(ke)(ke)引起(qi)身體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎曲(qu)(qu)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)(shi)靠彎曲(qu)(qu)身體及觸手(shou)并與基盤(pan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)替附著(zhu)而做(zuo)(zuo)翻斛(hu)斗式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。基盤(pan)處粘細胞可(ke)(ke)分(fen)泌大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣泡,可(ke)(ke)使水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)螅在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)上(shang)做(zuo)(zuo)短暫(zan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漂(piao)浮。缽水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)類(lei)(lei)和珊(shan)瑚類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)原(yuan)(yuan)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)已與表皮(pi)細胞分(fen)離形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)獨立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)層肌(ji)(ji)(ji)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei),例如水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)原(yuan)(yuan)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)在下(xia)傘(san)(san)(san)面(mian)及傘(san)(san)(san)緣(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)薄薄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)層肌(ji)(ji)(ji)肉環,有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)被(bei)輻管分(fen)離成(cheng)(cheng)片狀,其纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)橫紋,它(ta)們(men)做(zuo)(zuo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)規律(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)縮(suo),使傘(san)(san)(san)面(mian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)節(jie)奏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)縮(suo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。當(dang)傘(san)(san)(san)緣(yuan)(yuan)收(shou)縮(suo)時(shi)(shi),傘(san)(san)(san)緣(yuan)(yuan)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)被(bei)噴出,由(you)于反(fan)作用力(li)而推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)體向(xiang)上(shang)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),當(dang)傘(san)(san)(san)及傘(san)(san)(san)緣(yuan)(yuan)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)肉舒(shu)張,被(bei)壓(ya)縮(suo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中膠(jiao)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彈性,使傘(san)(san)(san)又(you)恢復了(le)原(yuan)(yuan)形(xing),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)又(you)重(zhong)新進(jin)入傘(san)(san)(san)緣(yuan)(yuan)內,身體下(xia)沉(chen),但由(you)于收(shou)縮(suo)比舒(shu)張要(yao)快(kuai),所(suo)(suo)以水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)以向(xiang)上(shang)垂直運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)垂直運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)在有(you)(you)(you)(you)緣(yuan)(yuan)膜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)可(ke)(ke)以看(kan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)更為清(qing)楚(chu)。一(yi)旦肌(ji)(ji)(ji)肉停止收(shou)縮(suo),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)就(jiu)會自然下(xia)沉(chen)。其水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平方向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)多是(shi)(shi)被(bei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),多是(shi)(shi)由(you)于水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流及風力(li)所(suo)(suo)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。又(you)例如在珊(shan)瑚類(lei)(lei),海葵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)原(yuan)(yuan)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)在隔(ge)膜上(shang)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)發達的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牽縮(suo)肌(ji)(ji)(ji),它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)縮(suo)非常有(you)(you)(you)(you)力(li),所(suo)(suo)以當(dang)海葵固著(zhu)在巖石上(shang)是(shi)(shi)很難將(jiang)它(ta)取(qu)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。
刺(ci)胞(bao)(bao)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)都是(shi)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)食(shi)(shi)性的(de)(de)(de),以浮游生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),小的(de)(de)(de)甲殼(ke)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、多(duo)(duo)毛類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)甚(shen)至小的(de)(de)(de)魚類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)為(wei)(wei)食(shi)(shi)。由于食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)機械刺(ci)激和化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學刺(ci)激,引起水螅(xi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)伸長觸手,并放出刺(ci)絲(si)囊(nang)以纏(chan)繞(rao)、麻痹、毒(du)殺捕獲物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),再將(jiang)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)送入口(kou)中(zhong)。口(kou)區腺(xian)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)分泌(mi)的(de)(de)(de)粘液(ye)有利于食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)吞咽,食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)入胃(wei)(wei)腔(qiang)(qiang)后(hou)(hou)(hou),胃(wei)(wei)層的(de)(de)(de)腺(xian)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)開始(shi)分泌(mi)蛋白酶,分解、消化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)使之形成(cheng)許(xu)多(duo)(duo)多(duo)(duo)肽(tai),同時(shi)在胃(wei)(wei)腔(qiang)(qiang)中(zhong)由于營(ying)(ying)養肌肉(rou)(rou)(rou)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)鞭毛運動,食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)得以混(hun)合與(yu)推動。經這種(zhong)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)外消化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)之后(hou)(hou)(hou),開始(shi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)消化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)過程,營(ying)(ying)養肌肉(rou)(rou)(rou)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)偽足吞噬(shi)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)顆(ke)粒(li),在細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)內(nei)形成(cheng)大量的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泡,經過酸(suan)性及(ji)(ji)(ji)堿性的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學過程之后(hou)(hou)(hou),營(ying)(ying)養物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質由細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)擴散作(zuo)用輸送到全(quan)(quan)身。缽水母(mu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)及(ji)(ji)(ji)珊(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)(hu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)胃(wei)(wei)腔(qiang)(qiang)結(jie)構(gou)比較復雜。缽水母(mu)的(de)(de)(de)胃(wei)(wei)腔(qiang)(qiang)中(zhong)有各(ge)種(zhong)輻管及(ji)(ji)(ji)環管,胃(wei)(wei)囊(nang)中(zhong)有內(nei)胚(pei)層起源的(de)(de)(de)胃(wei)(wei)絲(si);珊(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)(hu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)胃(wei)(wei)腔(qiang)(qiang)被(bei)許(xu)多(duo)(duo)隔膜(mo)(mo)(mo)分隔成(cheng)許(xu)多(duo)(duo)小室,隔膜(mo)(mo)(mo)上有隔膜(mo)(mo)(mo)絲(si)。胃(wei)(wei)絲(si)及(ji)(ji)(ji)隔膜(mo)(mo)(mo)絲(si)中(zhong)含有大量的(de)(de)(de)刺(ci)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)腺(xian)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao),它們是(shi)將(jiang)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)吞入胃(wei)(wei)腔(qiang)(qiang)之后(hou)(hou)(hou)才(cai)殺死及(ji)(ji)(ji)消化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。消化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)養物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)通過各(ge)種(zhong)管道輸送到全(quan)(quan)身,未(wei)消化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)殘渣仍(reng)由口(kou)排(pai)出。糖元(yuan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)脂肪是(shi)腔(qiang)(qiang)腸(chang)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)貯存(cun)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。刺(ci)胞(bao)(bao)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)許(xu)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei),特別是(shi)海洋中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)造礁珊(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)(hu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei),體內(nei)均(jun)有共生的(de)(de)(de)藻類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei),如動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)黃藻、腰鞭毛藻之類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。藻類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)能進(jin)行光合作(zuo)用,產生甘油(you)、脂肪、糖及(ji)(ji)(ji)脯氨酸(suan)等,并提供給刺(ci)胞(bao)(bao)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)其補(bu)充(chong)營(ying)(ying)養。這將(jiang)在珊(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)(hu)綱(gang)中(zhong)做進(jin)一步的(de)(de)(de)敘(xu)述。
刺胞動物(wu)(wu)(wu)沒有(you)專門的(de)呼吸及排泄器官,由(you)于(yu)身體(ti)是由(you)兩(liang)層(ceng)細胞圍繞胃(wei)循(xun)環腔所(suo)組成,并通(tong)過口使胃(wei)腔與(yu)外界相通(tong),實(shi)際上體(ti)壁的(de)兩(liang)層(ceng)細胞均與(yu)外界環境(jing)接觸,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)呼吸與(yu)排泄作用可(ke)以(yi)(yi)由(you)體(ti)壁細胞直接獨立進(jin)行。出、入(ru)口及胃(wei)腔的(de)水流(liu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)攜帶入(ru)新鮮的(de)氧氣,并帶走(zou)代謝產(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。刺胞動物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)主要含(han)氮廢物(wu)(wu)(wu)是氨。
刺(ci)(ci)(ci)胞(bao)(bao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)早出(chu)(chu)現神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)。神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)原(yuan)始(shi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由雙(shuang)極(ji)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)元(yuan)、多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)極(ji)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)元(yuan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)纖維(wei)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)合成(cheng)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)叢或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)網(wang),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般位于(yu)(yu)外表(biao)皮(pi)(pi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)基(ji)(ji)部(bu)肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)層之(zhi)(zhi)外,呈網(wang)狀(zhuang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布,故稱(cheng)網(wang)狀(zhuang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)系統(tong)(netnervous system)。由于(yu)(yu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)可(ke)(ke)向各個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)方(fang)向傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)(dao),也(ye)(ye)稱(cheng)為(wei)漫散神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)系統(tong)(diffusenervous system)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)螅(xi)(xi)(xi)就只有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)網(wang),但大(da)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)數腔(qiang)腸動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)除了(le)(le)表(biao)皮(pi)(pi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)網(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)外,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)胃層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)部(bu)也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)網(wang),這(zhe)兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)網(wang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)完(wan)全獨立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)纖維(wei)相(xiang)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)。1971年Westfall等(deng)(deng)首先證明(ming)了(le)(le)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)螅(xi)(xi)(xi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)他腔(qiang)腸動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)元(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)、神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)元(yuan)與(yu)效應(ying)器(qi)(表(biao)皮(pi)(pi)肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)、刺(ci)(ci)(ci)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)、腺細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)等(deng)(deng))之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)也(ye)(ye)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)著突(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)觸(chu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)(synaptic transmission)。即(ji)(ji)(ji)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)沖動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)(dao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)元(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)突(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)給另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)元(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹突(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。軸(zhou)突(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)末(mo)端(duan)(duan)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)突(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)觸(chu)小(xiao)泡(pao)(synaptic vesicle),樹突(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)末(mo)端(duan)(duan)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)。傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)(dao)時(shi),突(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)觸(chu)小(xiao)泡(pao)釋放乙(yi)酰(xian)膽(dan)堿(jian)引起(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)元(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興奮(fen),沖動(dong)(dong)(dong)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)出(chu)(chu)以后(hou)(hou),乙(yi)酰(xian)膽(dan)堿(jian)被神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)末(mo)稍表(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)膽(dan)堿(jian)酯酶水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)解成(cheng)膽(dan)堿(jian)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)乙(yi)酸而解除了(le)(le)激活作用。以后(hou)(hou)又發現腔(qiang)腸動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)突(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)觸(chu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)(dao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)兩種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)突(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)觸(chu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)(dao)(symmetrical),即(ji)(ji)(ji)兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)末(mo)端(duan)(duan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)突(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)觸(chu)小(xiao)泡(pao),因(yin)此(ci)(ci)沖動(dong)(dong)(dong)可(ke)(ke)以同時(shi)向兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幾個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)方(fang)向傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di),這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)叫(jiao)非(fei)極(ji)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)(dao)(nonpolarized transmission);另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)突(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)觸(chu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(asymmetrical),即(ji)(ji)(ji)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)只有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)末(mo)端(duan)(duan)具(ju)突(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)觸(chu)小(xiao)泡(pao),神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)沖動(dong)(dong)(dong)只能(neng)向一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)方(fang)向傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)(dao),因(yin)此(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)稱(cheng)為(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)極(ji)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)(dao)(polarized transmission)。最(zui)近的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究證明(ming)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)胞(bao)(bao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)極(ji)性(xing)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)(dao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)很普遍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)人認(ren)為(wei)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)胞(bao)(bao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)網(wang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)極(ji)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)元(yuan)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)極(ji)性(xing)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)(dao),也(ye)(ye)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)慢(man)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)(dao)系統(tong);另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由雙(shuang)極(ji)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)元(yuan)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)性(xing)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)(dao),也(ye)(ye)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)快(kuai)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)(dao)系統(tong)。刺(ci)(ci)(ci)胞(bao)(bao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)元(yuan)可(ke)(ke)以有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、3個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)突(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)起(qi)(qi),這(zhe)些突(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)起(qi)(qi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)與(yu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)相(xiang)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)、或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)與(yu)效應(ying)器(qi)相(xiang)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)、或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)與(yu)其(qi)他神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)元(yuan)相(xiang)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)、或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)者是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)元(yuan)同時(shi)與(yu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)與(yu)效應(ying)器(qi)相(xiang)聯(lian)(lian)(lian),這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)說明(ming)了(le)(le)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)始(shi)性(xing)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生理(li)意義(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)代表(biao)了(le)(le)高等(deng)(deng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)所具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)覺(jue)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、運動(dong)(dong)(dong)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)樞神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)始(shi)階段。此(ci)(ci)外,刺(ci)(ci)(ci)胞(bao)(bao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)(dao),即(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)(shang)皮(pi)(pi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)很常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),例如(ru)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)、表(biao)皮(pi)(pi)肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)可(ke)(ke)以完(wan)全獨立(li)于(yu)(yu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)元(yuan)而被自(zi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)所控(kong)制(zhi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)(mu)(mu)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)比水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)螅(xi)(xi)(xi)型(xing)(xing)復雜(za),例如(ru)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)螅(xi)(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)(mu)(mu),除了(le)(le)傘(san)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)網(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)外,傘(san)緣(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)皮(pi)(pi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)別在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)傘(san)緣(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)、下(xia)(xia)面(mian)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)形成(cheng)兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)環(huan)。下(xia)(xia)面(mian)(或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)稱(cheng)外面(mian))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)環(huan)更發達。缽(bo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)(mu)(mu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)(mu)(mu)型(xing)(xing)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)數沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)環(huan),而是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)傘(san)緣(yuan)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)形成(cheng)4~8個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)節(jie)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)(mu)(mu)型(xing)(xing)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)體均(jun)能(neng)表(biao)現出(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)節(jie)奏(zou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)縮運動(dong)(dong)(dong),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由于(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)每隔一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)時(shi)間(jian)能(neng)自(zi)發地產生動(dong)(dong)(dong)作電位,并經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)過神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)(dao)引起(qi)(qi)整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)縮。研究已經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)證明(ming)這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)自(zi)發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)作電位是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由起(qi)(qi)博點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)元(yuan)所引起(qi)(qi)。起(qi)(qi)博點神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)元(yuan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)螅(xi)(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)(mu)(mu)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)外神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)環(huan)中(zhong)(zhong),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)缽(bo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)(mu)(mu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)節(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)。而且每一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)節(jie)(一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般4~8個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge))都有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)起(qi)(qi)博神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)元(yuan),它(ta)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)(mu)(mu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)節(jie)奏(zou)博動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)(mu)(mu)體似(si)乎有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)起(qi)(qi)博點就足以引起(qi)(qi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)體有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)節(jie)奏(zou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)縮運動(dong)(dong)(dong),但實(shi)驗證明(ming)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)起(qi)(qi)博點比僅有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)起(qi)(qi)博點能(neng)使(shi)收(shou)縮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節(jie)奏(zou)更有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)規律、更有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)保障、使(shi)間(jian)隔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)也(ye)(ye)較(jiao)短。腔(qiang)腸動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)螅(xi)(xi)(xi)型(xing)(xing)體沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)官(guan)(guan)(guan),其(qi)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)覺(jue)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布全身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),但觸(chu)手、口(kou)區較(jiao)為(wei)豐(feng)富(fu)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)(mu)(mu)型(xing)(xing)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)體,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)傘(san)緣(yuan)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)覺(jue)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)覺(jue)器(qi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)。感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)覺(jue)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)體都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)具(ju)纖毛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)覺(jue)器(qi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)包括眼點及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)平衡(heng)囊(nang)(nang)。眼點是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)覺(jue)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)構(gou)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杯狀(zhuang)物(wu)(wu),內有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)色素顆(ke)粒分(fen)(fen)(fen)布,它(ta)對(dui)(dui)光(guang)(guang)線或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)正趨性(xing),即(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)光(guang)(guang)時(shi)游(you)向水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)。或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)對(dui)(dui)光(guang)(guang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)負(fu)趨性(xing),即(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)光(guang)(guang)時(shi)下(xia)(xia)沉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)底,無光(guang)(guang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)弱光(guang)(guang)時(shi)浮向水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)。平衡(heng)囊(nang)(nang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)螅(xi)(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)(mu)(mu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)簡單,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)緣(yuan)膜基(ji)(ji)部(bu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)下(xia)(xia)傘(san)面(mian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)環(huan)(即(ji)(ji)(ji)外神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)環(huan))處形成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)小(xiao)囊(nang)(nang),囊(nang)(nang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內壁有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)覺(jue)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao),細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)纖毛。囊(nang)(nang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)底部(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鈣質結(jie)(jie)(jie)石(shi)。它(ta)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)重力(li)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)受(shou)器(qi)。當傘(san)緣(yuan)傾斜時(shi),結(jie)(jie)(jie)石(shi)與(yu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)覺(jue)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)纖毛接(jie)觸(chu),并刺(ci)(ci)(ci)激纖毛細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)以產生動(dong)(dong)(dong)作電位,抑制(zhi)了(le)(le)該(gai)側肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)纖維(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)縮,通過肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)收(shou)縮再調整(zheng)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)體使(shi)恢復平衡(heng)位置。缽(bo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)母(mu)(mu)(mu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平衡(heng)囊(nang)(nang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)更復雜(za),將在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)節(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)敘述
無性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)有(you)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在腔(qiang)腸(chang)動物(wu)中(zhong)都是(shi)很普遍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。無性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要形(xing)(xing)式(shi)是(shi)出(chu)芽(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),特別是(shi)在水(shui)螅(xi)型(xing)(xing)更為常見。例如(ru)水(shui)螅(xi)出(chu)芽(ya)(ya)時從身(shen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靠基部通(tong)過(guo)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)壁及(ji)胃(wei)(wei)腔(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)向外(wai)(wai)(wai)突出(chu),再長(chang)出(chu)觸手與口(kou)即形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)芽(ya)(ya)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),以后(hou)(hou)芽(ya)(ya)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)與母(mu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)分(fen)離(li)即形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。但(dan)(dan)在藪枝螅(xi)(Obelia)所形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芽(ya)(ya)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)與母(mu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)不(bu)分(fen)離(li)則(ze)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了群體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。其次(ci),也可(ke)以通(tong)過(guo)分(fen)裂(lie)(lie)方(fang)式(shi)進(jin)行無性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),主要發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在水(shui)螅(xi)型(xing)(xing),例如(ru)海葵可(ke)以縱分(fen)裂(lie)(lie),缽水(shui)母(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幼(you)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)以橫(heng)分(fen)裂(lie)(lie)進(jin)行無性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)外(wai)(wai)(wai)水(shui)螅(xi)型(xing)(xing)一(yi)般具(ju)有(you)很強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能力,例如(ru),將(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)螅(xi)切成(cheng)(cheng)數段,條件合宜(yi)時每段都可(ke)以再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)個新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)時口(kou)與反口(kou)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)變,但(dan)(dan)口(kou)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)速度比反口(kou)端(duan)迅(xun)(xun)速。所以水(shui)螅(xi)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)現(xian)象也被認為是(shi)無性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)方(fang)式(shi)。有(you)些生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)現(xian)在多數水(shui)螅(xi)型(xing)(xing)及(ji)所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)母(mu)型(xing)(xing),除少數種(zhong)類(lei)例如(ru)水(shui)螅(xi)為雌雄同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)之外(wai)(wai)(wai),絕大(da)多數種(zhong)類(lei)為雌雄異(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(或(huo)(huo)(huo)異(yi)(yi)群體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti))。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)來(lai)(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)間細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao),然后(hou)(hou)遷移(yi)(yi)到固(gu)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置上(shang)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腺(xian)(xian)。水(shui)螅(xi)蟲(chong)綱(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動物(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腺(xian)(xian)來(lai)(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)表(biao)皮(pi)層(ceng)(ceng),例如(ru)水(shui)螅(xi),水(shui)螅(xi)水(shui)母(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腺(xian)(xian)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)放(fang)射管(guan)下(xia)或(huo)(huo)(huo)垂(chui)唇周圍,但(dan)(dan)都是(shi)來(lai)(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)表(biao)皮(pi)層(ceng)(ceng)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)。缽水(shui)母(mu)綱(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)起源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)胃(wei)(wei)層(ceng)(ceng)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)胃(wei)(wei)囊(nang)低部。珊瑚綱(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)是(shi)由胃(wei)(wei)腔(qiang)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隔(ge)膜上(shang)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),也是(shi)內(nei)(nei)胚(pei)(pei)層(ceng)(ceng)來(lai)(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。腔(qiang)腸(chang)動物(wu)只有(you)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腺(xian)(xian),沒(mei)有(you)出(chu)現(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)管(guan)及(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)附屬腺(xian)(xian),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)成(cheng)(cheng)熟之后(hou)(hou)由口(kou)排出(chu),或(huo)(huo)(huo)由體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)壁破裂(lie)(lie)而(er)釋(shi)放(fang)。受精作用(yong)依不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)而(er)異(yi)(yi),或(huo)(huo)(huo)在體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)海水(shui)中(zhong)進(jin)行,或(huo)(huo)(huo)在垂(chui)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian),或(huo)(huo)(huo)在胃(wei)(wei)腔(qiang)內(nei)(nei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腺(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部位(wei)進(jin)行。卵裂(lie)(lie)是(shi)完全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)空(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)囊(nang)胚(pei)(pei),經(jing)移(yi)(yi)入法(fa)或(huo)(huo)(huo)內(nei)(nei)陷法(fa)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)原(yuan)腸(chang)胚(pei)(pei),結果(guo)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)兩層(ceng)(ceng)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao),即兩個胚(pei)(pei)層(ceng)(ceng),內(nei)(nei)部成(cheng)(cheng)團的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)為內(nei)(nei)胚(pei)(pei)層(ceng)(ceng),將(jiang)(jiang)來(lai)(lai)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)成(cheng)(cheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)胃(wei)(wei)層(ceng)(ceng),外(wai)(wai)(wai)表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)為外(wai)(wai)(wai)胚(pei)(pei)層(ceng)(ceng),將(jiang)(jiang)來(lai)(lai)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)成(cheng)(cheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)皮(pi)層(ceng)(ceng)。實心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)腸(chang)胚(pei)(pei)迅(xun)(xun)速延(yan)長(chang),體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)表(biao)出(chu)現(xian)纖毛,形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了自(zi)由游泳(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)浮浪(lang)幼(you)蟲(chong)(planula)。浮浪(lang)幼(you)蟲(chong)早期沒(mei)有(you)口(kou)及(ji)胃(wei)(wei)腔(qiang),游泳(yong)一(yi)段時間之后(hou)(hou),固(gu)著在水(shui)草、巖(yan)石(shi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)其他物(wu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)上(shang)發(fa)育(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)水(shui)螅(xi)型(xing)(xing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),或(huo)(huo)(huo)再經(jing)過(guo)出(chu)芽(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)群體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。淡水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)螅(xi)沒(mei)有(you)幼(you)蟲(chong)期,其受精卵直(zhi)接發(fa)育(yu)。