山西洪(hong)洞(dong)汾河(he)國家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)位(wei)于山西省洪(hong)洞(dong)縣(xian),批準建(jian)設(she)于2015年12月(yue),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處臨(lin)汾盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)北(bei)部,主體包括(kuo)汾河(he)洪(hong)洞(dong)段(duan)全(quan)段(duan),濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)類型包括(kuo)河(he)流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、沼澤濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和人(ren)工濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三種。總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)1295.01公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)1036.52公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)率80.04%。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)劃分為五大功能(neng)區(qu),即(ji)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保育(yu)(yu)區(qu)、恢復(fu)重(zhong)建(jian)區(qu)、宣教展示區(qu)、合理(li)利用區(qu)及管理(li)服(fu)務區(qu)。其中濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保育(yu)(yu)區(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)881.92公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,占(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)68.10%;恢復(fu)重(zhong)建(jian)區(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)326.94公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,占(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)25.25%;科普宣教區(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)65.53公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,占(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)5.06%;合理(li)利用區(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)16.65公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,占(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)1.28%;管理(li)服(fu)務區(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)3.97公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,占(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)0.31%。
山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)洪(hong)洞(dong)汾河(he)(he)國家(jia)濕地(di)公園位(wei)于山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省洪(hong)洞(dong)縣,主(zhu)體包(bao)括(kuo)汾河(he)(he)洪(hong)洞(dong)段(duan)全段(duan),東(dong)北至(zhi)堤(di)村鄉楊洼莊(zhuang)村,西(xi)(xi)南(nan)至(zhi)甘亭鎮天井(jing)村,大致呈南(nan)北走向,規(gui)劃范圍主(zhu)要包(bao)括(kuo)汾河(he)(he)河(he)(he)堤(di)內的水體、河(he)(he)灘地(di)和(he)河(he)(he)流(liu)階(jie)地(di)等(deng)。規(gui)劃范圍內汾河(he)(he)流(liu)程(cheng)45.8千米,介(jie)于東(dong)經111°33′35″—111°41′56″,北緯(wei)36°09′48″—36°30′06″之間(jian)。
濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園的濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)類(lei)型包括河流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)、沼澤濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)和人(ren)工濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)三種。總(zong)面(mian)積1295.01公頃,濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)積1036.52公頃,濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)率80.04%。
濕地(di)公園內野(ye)生動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源豐富,有(you)野(ye)生維管束植物(wu)(wu)(wu)66科197屬379種(zhong)(zhong),有(you)國家(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)保護(hu)野(ye)生植物(wu)(wu)(wu)野(ye)大豆1種(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)野(ye)生脊(ji)椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)25目50科145種(zhong)(zhong),其中有(you)國家(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)重(zhong)點保護(hu)野(ye)生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)黑鸛(guan)1種(zhong)(zhong),國家(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)重(zhong)點保護(hu)野(ye)生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)白琵鷺、大鵟(kuang)等(deng)(deng)8種(zhong)(zhong),山西省重(zhong)點保護(hu)野(ye)生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)蒼鷺、池鷺等(deng)(deng)8種(zhong)(zhong)。
濕(shi)(shi)地公(gong)園是山西丘陵地區具有(you)典(dian)型性、代表性的河(he)流濕(shi)(shi)地,濕(shi)(shi)地類型豐富,河(he)流水量(liang)豐沛,泥沙(sha)含量(liang)較大,淤積(ji)速度(du)快,河(he)漫灘濕(shi)(shi)地發育充分。
河(he)道形態(tai)自然,坡降平(ping)緩(huan),濕(shi)地水(shui)量季節(jie)變(bian)化規律明顯,濕(shi)地特(te)征顯著,河(he)灘及河(he)心洲草木叢生,生物多樣性(xing)豐富(fu),生態(tai)系統較為完整,能較大發(fa)揮濕(shi)地的涵養水(shui)源、保持水(shui)土、調節(jie)氣候等功(gong)能。