山西(xi)洪洞(dong)汾河(he)國家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)位于(yu)山西(xi)省洪洞(dong)縣(xian),批(pi)準建設于(yu)2015年12月,地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)臨汾盆地(di)(di)(di)北部,主體包括汾河(he)洪洞(dong)段全段,濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)類型包括河(he)流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、沼澤濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)和人工(gong)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)三種。總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)1295.01公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)1036.52公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)率80.04%。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)劃分為五大功能(neng)區(qu)(qu),即濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)保(bao)育區(qu)(qu)、恢復重(zhong)建區(qu)(qu)、宣(xuan)教展示區(qu)(qu)、合理利用(yong)區(qu)(qu)及管理服務區(qu)(qu)。其中濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)保(bao)育區(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)881.92公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,占(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的68.10%;恢復重(zhong)建區(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)326.94公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,占(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的25.25%;科普宣(xuan)教區(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)65.53公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,占(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的5.06%;合理利用(yong)區(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)16.65公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,占(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的1.28%;管理服務區(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)3.97公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,占(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的0.31%。
山西(xi)洪(hong)洞汾(fen)河(he)(he)國家濕地公園位于山西(xi)省洪(hong)洞縣(xian),主體包(bao)括汾(fen)河(he)(he)洪(hong)洞段全段,東北(bei)至(zhi)堤村鄉楊洼莊村,西(xi)南(nan)至(zhi)甘(gan)亭鎮天井村,大(da)致呈南(nan)北(bei)走向,規劃范圍(wei)主要包(bao)括汾(fen)河(he)(he)河(he)(he)堤內的水體、河(he)(he)灘(tan)地和河(he)(he)流(liu)階地等。規劃范圍(wei)內汾(fen)河(he)(he)流(liu)程45.8千米,介于東經111°33′35″—111°41′56″,北(bei)緯36°09′48″—36°30′06″之間。
濕(shi)地(di)公園的濕(shi)地(di)類型(xing)包括河流濕(shi)地(di)、沼澤濕(shi)地(di)和人工濕(shi)地(di)三種。總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)1295.01公頃,濕(shi)地(di)面(mian)積(ji)1036.52公頃,濕(shi)地(di)率80.04%。
濕地公園內野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)資源豐富,有(you)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)維(wei)管束植物(wu)66科197屬379種(zhong)(zhong),有(you)國家Ⅱ級(ji)保護(hu)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)植物(wu)野(ye)(ye)大豆1種(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)脊(ji)椎動(dong)(dong)物(wu)25目50科145種(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)有(you)國家Ⅰ級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)黑鸛1種(zhong)(zhong),國家Ⅱ級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)白琵(pi)鷺、大鵟等(deng)8種(zhong)(zhong),山西省重(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)蒼鷺、池鷺等(deng)8種(zhong)(zhong)。
濕(shi)地(di)公園是山西(xi)丘陵地(di)區具有典型性、代表性的河(he)流(liu)濕(shi)地(di),濕(shi)地(di)類型豐富(fu),河(he)流(liu)水量豐沛,泥(ni)沙含(han)量較大,淤積速(su)度快,河(he)漫灘(tan)濕(shi)地(di)發育充分(fen)。
河(he)道形態自然,坡降平緩,濕(shi)地(di)水量季節變化規(gui)律明(ming)顯,濕(shi)地(di)特(te)征顯著,河(he)灘及河(he)心洲草木叢(cong)生,生物多樣性豐富,生態系統較為完整,能(neng)(neng)較大(da)發揮濕(shi)地(di)的涵(han)養水源、保持水土、調節氣候等功能(neng)(neng)。