水(shui)面艦(jian)(jian)艇部隊是海軍(jun)中(zhong)在水(shui)面遂(sui)行作戰任務的(de)(de)兵(bing)(bing)種。有的(de)(de)國家稱(cheng)水(shui)面部隊或水(shui)面兵(bing)(bing)力(li)。包括(kuo)水(shui)面戰斗艦(jian)(jian)艇部隊和勤(qin)務艦(jian)(jian)船部隊。海軍(jun)的(de)(de)基本(ben)作戰兵(bing)(bing)力(li)。
具有反(fan)艦(jian)、反(fan)潛、防空(kong)、水(shui)雷戰(zhan)(zhan)和(he)(he)對岸攻擊(ji)等作(zuo)(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)能(neng)力,能(neng)單獨或(huo)在其他(ta)軍種、兵種部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)協同下,完成海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)戰(zhan)(zhan)役戰(zhan)(zhan)斗(dou)任務(wu),有的還可以執行戰(zhan)(zhan)略性戰(zhan)(zhan)役任務(wu)。主要用(yong)于攻擊(ji)敵方海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)兵力和(he)(he)岸上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)目標,支援登陸、抗登陸作(zuo)(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan),保護(hu)或(huo)破擊(ji)海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)交(jiao)通線,進行海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)封(feng)鎖、反(fan)封(feng)鎖作(zuo)(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan),海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)運送作(zuo)(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)兵力與物資,參(can)加奪取(qu)制海(hai)(hai)權(quan)和(he)(he)海(hai)(hai)洋制空(kong)權(quan)的斗(dou)爭等。平時,除保衛海(hai)(hai)疆外(wai),還根(gen)據國家(jia)(jia)政(zheng)治、經(jing)濟和(he)(he)外(wai)交(jiao)政(zheng)策,保衛大陸架、專屬經(jing)濟區(qu),保衛和(he)(he)參(can)加海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)科學試驗與調查作(zuo)(zuo)業、開發海(hai)(hai)洋資源,維護(hu)國家(jia)(jia)海(hai)(hai)洋權(quan)益(yi)。有的國家(jia)(jia)還將水(shui)面艦(jian)艇部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)派(pai)駐(zhu)他(ta)國基地(di)或(huo)進入(ru)他(ta)國海(hai)(hai)域游弋(yi),炫耀武力或(huo)進行軍事(shi)干涉。
現(xian)代水面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),各國艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)種(zhong)類、編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)規模差(cha)異很大(da)。有的國家海軍(jun)水面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)擁(yong)有航(hang)空(kong)母(mu)(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、戰列(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡(xun)洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)大(da)中(zhong)型艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting),總數達數百艘;有的國家海軍(jun)僅(jin)有幾艘小型巡(xun)邏艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)。戰斗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),按艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)區分,有航(hang)空(kong)母(mu)(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、戰列(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡(xun)洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、布雷艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、掃雷艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、登陸艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、獵潛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、導彈艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、魚(yu)雷艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)等(deng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。勤(qin)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),主要有偵察(cha)船(chuan)(chuan)、通信船(chuan)(chuan)、海道測量(liang)船(chuan)(chuan)、海洋(yang)調查船(chuan)(chuan)、拖船(chuan)(chuan)、工程船(chuan)(chuan)、防險救生船(chuan)(chuan)、破(po)冰船(chuan)(chuan)、醫(yi)院船(chuan)(chuan)、訓練艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)、修理艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)、補給(gei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)、運輸艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)及其他專(zhuan)用艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)等(deng)。水面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)的編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)(zu),通常分為艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(行政編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)(zu))、任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(作戰編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)(zu))。艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)(zu),由戰術技術性能相同或(huo)相近(jin)的艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)編(bian)(bian)(bian)為艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)總隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、支隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、大(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)和(he)中(zhong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)等(deng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)序(xu)列(lie),實行統(tong)一(yi)領導和(he)管理。任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)(zu),在遂(sui)行海上駐巡(xun)、作戰或(huo)其他任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)時,根據(ju)任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的性質(zhi)、參與艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)種(zhong)類和(he)數量(liang)等(deng),從艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)中(zhong)抽(chou)調艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)或(huo)建制(zhi)單位,參加海軍(jun)諸(zhu)兵種(zhong)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成的特(te)(te)(te)混(hun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、分艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)或(huo)其他形(xing)式的任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui);在一(yi)定(ding)條(tiao)件下(xia),也可單獨組(zu)(zu)(zu)成任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。海軍(jun)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)諸(zhu)兵種(zhong)合同作戰時,通常以水面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)為基礎,設(she)(she)專(zhuan)門指(zhi)揮艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(旗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)),或(huo)在某(mou)(mou)艘水面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)上開設(she)(she)海上指(zhi)揮所。參與執行某(mou)(mou)項任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)的水面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)結束后歸建。美國海軍(jun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)編(bian)(bian)(bian)有艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)設(she)(she)有水面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)司令部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu),統(tong)轄所屬水面(mian)(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。其艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)(zu),統(tong)一(yi)編(bian)(bian)(bian)為各艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)大(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)或(huo)中(zhong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui);任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)(zu)分為作戰艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、特(te)(te)(te)混(hun)大(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、特(te)(te)(te)混(hun)中(zhong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、特(te)(te)(te)混(hun)分隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)和(he)特(te)(te)(te)混(hun)小隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。
美國航(hang)空(kong)母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)則屬(shu)于(yu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)航(hang)空(kong)兵部(bu)隊(dui)建制(zhi),根據(ju)任(ren)務需要,配屬(shu)作戰艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)。海軍水(shui)面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇部(bu)隊(dui),艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)為總隊(dui)、支隊(dui)、大隊(dui)等;任(ren)務編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)通(tong)常(chang)分(fen)別以航(hang)空(kong)母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)或驅逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為核(he)心,并配有其(qi)(qi)他(ta)水(shui)面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇為護(hu)衛(wei)(wei)兵力組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)隊(dui)。日本海上(shang)自衛(wei)(wei)隊(dui),以驅逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)部(bu)隊(dui)為主,編(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)護(hu)衛(wei)(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui),隸屬(shu)聯合艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui),下(xia)轄護(hu)衛(wei)(wei)隊(dui)群(qun)和隊(dui),作為其(qi)(qi)海上(shang)防衛(wei)(wei)的主力。一(yi)些(xie)發展中國家的水(shui)面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇部(bu)隊(dui)的編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)形式,通(tong)常(chang)是在艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)下(xia)直(zhi)轄艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)大隊(dui)或中隊(dui)。
世界上自有海軍(jun)、艦隊(dui)以(yi)來,就有水面艦艇部隊(dui)。隨著海軍(jun)裝備的(de)改進,海戰規模(mo)的(de)擴展和樣式的(de)變化(hua),水面艦艇部隊(dui)加(jia)快了發展。
第一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)世界大戰(zhan)(zhan)前夕,英(ying)、法、俄、意(yi)、德、奧等(deng)(deng)國的海軍,就(jiu)擁有戰(zhan)(zhan)列(lie)(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、戰(zhan)(zhan)列(lie)(lie)巡洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)(deng)部隊,大戰(zhan)(zhan)期間這些(xie)(xie)戰(zhan)(zhan)斗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)部隊在海戰(zhan)(zhan)中起主導作用。海戰(zhan)(zhan)時,通常由單一(yi)(yi)(yi)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)的戰(zhan)(zhan)列(lie)(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)和驅逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)或2~3個艦(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)組成編(bian)隊,成單縱隊或復列(lie)(lie)縱隊,進行列(lie)(lie)陣對抗,直至(zhi)1916年日德蘭海戰(zhan)(zhan)后(hou),才宣告了這種(zhong)簡(jian)單的艦(jian)(jian)(jian)隊列(lie)(lie)陣對抗的海戰(zhan)(zhan)樣式的終結。戰(zhan)(zhan)后(hou),一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)國家海軍繼(ji)續發展戰(zhan)(zhan)列(lie)(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)和驅逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)(deng)水面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)部隊。
20世紀20~30年代,英(ying)、美、日、法等國(guo)建成第一批(pi)航空(kong)母艦,編入水面艦艇部隊。
第二次世界大(da)戰(zhan)(zhan)期(qi)間,英、美(mei)、日等(deng)國海軍(jun)競(jing)相發(fa)展航(hang)空(kong)母(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),并在海戰(zhan)(zhan)中廣泛使用,戰(zhan)(zhan)列(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)攻(gong)防能力(li)逐漸喪(sang)失優(you)勢,失去原有(you)主力(li)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)地位,從1942年珊瑚海海戰(zhan)(zhan)起,戰(zhan)(zhan)列(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)被航(hang)空(kong)母(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)取代。巡洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)水(shui)面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)仍發(fa)揮重要作用。由于(yu)反潛戰(zhan)(zhan)、水(shui)雷(lei)戰(zhan)(zhan)和登(deng)陸(lu)作戰(zhan)(zhan)的(de)需要,反潛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、掃(sao)(sao)布(bu)雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)和兩棲作戰(zhan)(zhan)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)等(deng)在一些國家(jia)的(de)水(shui)面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)中也發(fa)展很(hen)快。戰(zhan)(zhan)后(hou),許多(duo)國家(jia)將戰(zhan)(zhan)列(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)先后(hou)封存,不(bu)再新(xin)(xin)建。有(you)些國家(jia)對巡洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)發(fa)展也持慎重態度,一度很(hen)少建造。有(you)些國家(jia)不(bu)再專門建造布(bu)雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting),多(duo)數(shu)國家(jia)的(de)反潛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、掃(sao)(sao)布(bu)雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、登(deng)陸(lu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)等(deng)部(bu)隊(dui)都有(you)新(xin)(xin)的(de)發(fa)展。
50年(nian)代末(mo),蘇聯海軍(jun)首(shou)先建立導彈(dan)快(kuai)(kuai)艇(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)隊。其(qi)后,許(xu)多(duo)國(guo)家(jia)海軍(jun)相繼組(zu)建導彈(dan)快(kuai)(kuai)艇(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)隊,與此同時水翼快(kuai)(kuai)艇(ting)、氣墊快(kuai)(kuai)艇(ting)、氣墊登陸(lu)艇(ting)等(deng)也陸(lu)續(xu)編入水面(mian)作(zuo)戰艦(jian)艇(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)隊。勤務艦(jian)船部(bu)(bu)(bu)隊艦(jian)船的類型和數量也有相應的發(fa)展。60~70年(nian)代,導彈(dan)艦(jian)艇(ting)在(zai)局部(bu)(bu)(bu)戰爭中發(fa)揮了很大作(zuo)用。70年(nian)代末(mo),許(xu)多(duo)國(guo)家(jia)海軍(jun)的水面(mian)艦(jian)艇(ting)部(bu)(bu)(bu)隊逐步實現武器導彈(dan)化(hua)。
中(zhong)國(guo)自清(qing)朝同治年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(1862~1874)開(kai)始(shi)建(jian)立近(jin)代海軍,至中(zhong)華民(min)國(guo)時(shi)期,艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)主要由水面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)組(zu)成(cheng)。1949年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)中(zhong)國(guo)人民(min)解放軍組(zu)建(jian)海軍部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)時(shi),水面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)是當時(shi)唯一的(de)海上(shang)兵力(li)。同年(nian)(nian)11月(yue),組(zu)建(jian)護衛(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。此后,又陸(lu)續組(zu)建(jian)了登陸(lu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、掃雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、魚雷(lei)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、獵(lie)(lie)潛艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。至1955年(nian)(nian)底,水面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)的(de)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)種類逐(zhu)步齊全,體制(zhi)(zhi)編(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)本成(cheng)型(xing),武(wu)器技(ji)術裝備(bei)也(ye)有(you)改善。隨著國(guo)家科學技(ji)術的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、工(gong)業(ye)水平的(de)提高和經濟(ji)實力(li)的(de)增強,20世紀60年(nian)(nian)代始(shi),自行設(she)計研制(zhi)(zhi)導彈艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護衛(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、登陸(lu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等新型(xing)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting),艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)有(you)了迅速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。70年(nian)(nian)代起,組(zu)建(jian)一批導彈快艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)和導彈驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。80年(nian)(nian)代,重點發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)護衛(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等戰斗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),掃雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、布雷(lei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、獵(lie)(lie)潛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等戰斗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)也(ye)有(you)較大發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。綜合補給船、遠洋(yang)打撈救生船、遠洋(yang)拖(tuo)船、醫(yi)院船等大型(xing)勤務保(bao)障艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船陸(lu)續編(bian)配(pei)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。
2012年9月(yue)25日(ri),“中(zhong)國人民解放軍遼寧艦(jian)”交(jiao)付人民解放軍,成(cheng)為中(zhong)國第一艘現代(dai)航空母艦(jian)。此后,各種新(xin)(xin)型艦(jian)艇不斷列裝部(bu)隊(dui)(dui),水面艦(jian)艇部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)艦(jian)種構成(cheng)進一步完(wan)善,增強了(le)整體(ti)作(zuo)戰(zhan)能(neng)力(li),為執行(xing)遠洋(yang)任務提供了(le)條件。隨著信息技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、隱身技(ji)術(shu)(shu)等(deng)高新(xin)(xin)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)發展,單艦(jian)作(zuo)戰(zhan)探(tan)測區(qu)域和(he)武器使用能(neng)力(li)得到極(ji)大擴充,水面艦(jian)艇部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)體(ti)制(zhi)編制(zhi)進一步完(wan)善,更加強調采(cai)取合成(cheng)戰(zhan)斗群(qun)的(de)(de)編組形(xing)式,有(you)的(de)(de)還將與潛艇部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)等(deng)組成(cheng)相對固定的(de)(de)特遣(qian)編隊(dui)(dui),由(you)臨時編組向固定編組發展。
現代水(shui)面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)部隊(dui)(dui)(dui),各國艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)種(zhong)(zhong)類、編(bian)制規模差(cha)異很大(da)。有(you)(you)的國家海(hai)(hai)(hai)軍水(shui)面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)擁有(you)(you)航(hang)空母(mu)(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡(xun)(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等大(da)中型艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting),總(zong)數達數百艘;有(you)(you)的國家海(hai)(hai)(hai)軍僅有(you)(you)幾艘小(xiao)型巡(xun)(xun)邏艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)。戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗(dou)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)部隊(dui)(dui)(dui),按艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)區分(fen)為(wei)航(hang)空母(mu)(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、巡(xun)(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)、布雷艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)、掃雷艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)、登陸(lu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)、獵潛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)、導彈艇(ting)、魚雷艇(ting)等部隊(dui)(dui)(dui),主(zhu)要遂行(xing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)上作戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)任務。勤(qin)務艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)部隊(dui)(dui)(dui),包括偵(zhen)察船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、通信船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、海(hai)(hai)(hai)道測量(liang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋調(diao)查船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、拖船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、工程船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、防險(xian)救生(sheng)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、破冰(bing)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、醫院(yuan)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、訓練(lian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、修理艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、補(bu)給艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、運輸艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)及(ji)其他專(zhuan)用艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)、分(fen)隊(dui)(dui)(dui),負責(ze)海(hai)(hai)(hai)上戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗(dou)保(bao)障、技術保(bao)障和后勤(qin)保(bao)障等勤(qin)務。戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗(dou)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)編(bian)制員(yuan)額(e)一(yi)般是:大(da)型航(hang)空母(mu)(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)5000—6000人,小(xiao)型航(hang)空母(mu)(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)1000—1500人;戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)1500余(yu)人,巡(xun)(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)400—600人,重巡(xun)(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)超過1000人;驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)200—400人;護(hu)衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)100—250人;小(xiao)型巡(xun)(xun)邏艇(ting)為(wei)10—60人。水(shui)面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)編(bian)組(zu)通常分(fen)為(wei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)編(bian)組(zu)和任務編(bian)組(zu)。
也稱行(xing)政編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)。是平時(shi)為便于對(dui)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)進行(xing)管理(li)、訓練、補給和(he)對(dui)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)進行(xing)維(wei)修而采用的(de)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)形式,一(yi)般由(you)(you)技術戰術性能相同或相近的(de)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)編(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng),編(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、分隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)屬(shu)建制單(dan)位。美國海(hai)軍(jun)(jun)在(zai)太平洋、大(da)(da)西洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)設有水面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)司令(ling)部,統轄(xia)(xia)各水面(mian)部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。其艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)分為大(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)或中(zhong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),所轄(xia)(xia)兵力(li)大(da)(da)體固定(ding)。通(tong)常(chang)(chang)1個(ge)航(hang)空母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),由(you)(you)1—2艘(sou)航(hang)空母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)其他作戰、補給艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)只(zhi)編(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng);1個(ge)巡(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、驅逐(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)由(you)(you)2—4艘(sou)巡(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)2—4個(ge)驅逐(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)及數艘(sou)后勤船(chuan)只(zhi)編(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng);驅逐(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、護衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)為基(ji)本(ben)戰術單(dan)位,由(you)(you)4—6艘(sou)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)編(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)。俄(e)羅斯海(hai)軍(jun)(jun)水面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)分為總隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、支(zhi)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)和(he)大(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)等。總隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、支(zhi)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)分別隸屬(shu)于區(qu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)、分艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)和(he)海(hai)軍(jun)(jun)基(ji)地。通(tong)常(chang)(chang)1個(ge)巡(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)總隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)由(you)(you)3—6艘(sou)輕(qing)巡(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)編(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng);1個(ge)驅逐(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)支(zhi)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)由(you)(you)2—3個(ge)大(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)編(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng);1個(ge)驅逐(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)編(bian)(bian)(bian)4艘(sou)驅逐(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian);1個(ge)護衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)支(zhi)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)由(you)(you)2—3個(ge)大(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)編(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng);1個(ge)護衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)編(bian)(bian)(bian)6—12艘(sou)護衛艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。印(yin)度、巴基(ji)斯坦等國家海(hai)軍(jun)(jun)水面(mian)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)部隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)的(de)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)形式,多是在(zai)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)下直轄(xia)(xia)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)中(zhong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)或大(da)(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)等。
也稱作戰編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)。是遂行海上駐巡、作戰或(huo)其他任(ren)務(wu)時而采(cai)取的(de)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)形式。由(you)不(bu)同艦(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)的(de)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部隊(dui)(dui)分別(bie)派(pai)出(chu)單艦(jian)(jian)(jian)或(huo)成(cheng)建(jian)制派(pai)出(chu)若(ruo)干艘(sou)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)編(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)混(hun)(hun)(hun)合編(bian)(bian)(bian)隊(dui)(dui),一般(ban)無(wu)常設領導(dao)指揮機(ji)關和固定(ding)編(bian)(bian)(bian)制,任(ren)務(wu)結束,即行歸建(jian)。美國海軍水面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部隊(dui)(dui)的(de)任(ren)務(wu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)區分為(wei)(wei)特(te)(te)混(hun)(hun)(hun)大(da)隊(dui)(dui)、特(te)(te)混(hun)(hun)(hun)小(xiao)(xiao)隊(dui)(dui)、特(te)(te)混(hun)(hun)(hun)支隊(dui)(dui)。俄(e)羅斯海軍水面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部隊(dui)(dui)的(de)任(ren)務(wu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu),通常以航空母(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、導(dao)彈巡洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)或(huo)導(dao)彈驅逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)核心,并配有其他水面艦(jian)(jian)(jian)艇(ting)(ting)為(wei)(wei)護(hu)衛兵力(li)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)。印(yin)度海軍的(de)任(ren)務(wu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)組(zu)(zu)為(wei)(wei)特(te)(te)混(hun)(hun)(hun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)、特(te)(te)混(hun)(hun)(hun)大(da)隊(dui)(dui)和特(te)(te)混(hun)(hun)(hun)小(xiao)(xiao)隊(dui)(dui),特(te)(te)混(hun)(hun)(hun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)轄(xia)航空母(mu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、海上火力(li)支援、海上攻擊和掃雷等(deng)4個特(te)(te)混(hun)(hun)(hun)大(da)隊(dui)(dui),每個大(da)隊(dui)(dui)轄(xia)2個特(te)(te)混(hun)(hun)(hun)小(xiao)(xiao)隊(dui)(dui)。
海(hai)軍中(zhong)在水(shui)面遂行(xing)作(zuo)(zuo)戰任務(wu)的(de)兵種,航空(kong)母艦(jian)、戰列艦(jian)、巡洋(yang)艦(jian)、驅逐艦(jian)、護衛艦(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、布雷艦(jian)、掃雷艦(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、登陸艦(jian)艇(ting)(ting)、獵(lie)潛艇(ting)(ting)、導(dao)彈艇(ting)(ting)、魚雷艇(ting)(ting)等(deng)戰斗艦(jian)艇(ting)(ting)部隊(dui)和勤務(wu)艦(jian)船部隊(dui)的(de)總稱。在有的(de)國(guo)家(jia)簡稱水(shui)面部隊(dui)。主要(yao)任務(wu)是(shi)攻擊敵方海(hai)上兵力和岸(an)上目標,支援登陸和抗登陸作(zuo)(zuo)戰,保護或破(po)壞海(hai)上交(jiao)通線(xian),進行(xing)海(hai)上封鎖和反封鎖作(zuo)(zuo)戰等(deng)。通常按總隊(dui)、支隊(dui)、大隊(dui)、中(zhong)隊(dui)的(de)序列編制,有的(de)以支隊(dui)為最小(xiao)建制單位。一(yi)般由技術戰術性能(neng)相同的(de)艦(jian)艇(ting)(ting)編成,也可(ke)由技術戰術性能(neng)不同的(de)艦(jian)艇(ting)(ting)編成。