芒果视频下载

海(hai)軍岸防(fang)兵(bing)（Naval Coast Defence Arm），是部署在沿海(hai)重(zhong)要地段，以火力(li)參(can)加(jia)對(dui)海(hai)防(fang)御作(zuo)戰(zhan)的(de)(de)海(hai)軍兵(bing)種(zhong)，它是海(hai)岸防(fang)御的(de)(de)火力(li)骨干。海(hai)軍岸防(fang)兵(bing)能(neng)充分利用島、岸的(de)(de)有利條件，預先構筑(zhu)多種(zhong)陣地，儲備大量作(zuo)戰(zhan)物資，進行持久作(zuo)戰(zhan)，是近岸堅守防(fang)御戰(zhan)中的(de)(de)主要兵(bing)力(li)之一。

海(hai)(hai)軍中(zhong)部署于沿海(hai)(hai)重(zhong)要地段、島(dao)嶼(yu)，主(zhu)要以火力遂行(xing)海(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)防御任(ren)務(wu)的(de)兵(bing)(bing)種(zhong)。通(tong)常由海(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)導(dao)(dao)彈部隊和(he)海(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)炮(pao)兵(bing)(bing)部隊組(zu)成。編有(you)海(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)導(dao)(dao)彈團(tuan)(tuan)（營）、海(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)炮(pao)兵(bing)(bing)團(tuan)(tuan)（營）等，分(fen)屬于海(hai)(hai)軍基(ji)地或水警(jing)區。有(you)的(de)國家設有(you)岸(an)(an)(an)防司(si)令(ling)部，編有(you)旅。能獨立(li)作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)，也可(ke)協同其(qi)他兵(bing)(bing)種(zhong)遂行(xing)作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)任(ren)務(wu)。主(zhu)要編配岸(an)(an)(an)對艦(jian)導(dao)(dao)彈和(he)大中(zhong)口徑火炮(pao)。海(hai)(hai)軍岸(an)(an)(an)防兵(bing)(bing)能充分(fen)利(li)用島(dao)岸(an)(an)(an)的(de)有(you)利(li)條件，進行(xing)持久作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)，是海(hai)(hai)軍海(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)防御的(de)陸(lu)上骨干力量。基(ji)本任(ren)務(wu)是：封鎖海(hai)(hai)峽、航道(dao)，消滅(mie)敵(di)方艦(jian)船(chuan)，掩護近岸(an)(an)(an)海(hai)(hai)區交通(tong)線和(he)艦(jian)船(chuan)；支援海(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)、要塞(sai)的(de)守(shou)備部隊作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)，參加抗登陸(lu)作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)，保衛基(ji)地、港口和(he)沿海(hai)(hai)重(zhong)要地段的(de)安全等。

早在(zai)(zai)公(gong)元(yuan)前，一(yi)(yi)些瀕(bin)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)就有(you)了岸(an)(an)(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)施和(he)(he)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)力。14～15世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)紀，岸(an)(an)(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)配備岸(an)(an)(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo)炮(pao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)瀕(bin)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)要(yao)(yao)塞的(de)(de)(de)(de)出現開(kai)(kai)始形成(cheng)。18世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)紀后，許(xu)多(duo)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)先后將岸(an)(an)(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)列(lie)(lie)入海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)序列(lie)(lie)。19世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)紀，各軍(jun)(jun)(jun)事強國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)瀕(bin)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)(an)段要(yao)(yao)地(di)多(duo)筑有(you)較為(wei)完善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)御(yu)火(huo)炮(pao)陣地(di)，至(zhi)20世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)紀初(chu)(chu)達到最盛時期(qi)(qi)。在(zai)(zai)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)大(da)(da)(da)戰(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)達達尼爾海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)峽戰(zhan)(zhan)役和(he)(he)第(di)(di)二(er)次(ci)(ci)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)大(da)(da)(da)戰(zhan)(zhan)蘇德戰(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)岸(an)(an)(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)都發(fa)揮(hui)了重要(yao)(yao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。第(di)(di)二(er)次(ci)(ci)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)大(da)(da)(da)戰(zhan)(zhan)后，隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)導(dao)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)武器的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)，許(xu)多(duo)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)建(jian)立(li)(li)了海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)(an)導(dao)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)。蘇聯海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)把海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)(an)火(huo)箭炮(pao)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)種。80年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)末，世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)各國(guo)(guo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)岸(an)(an)(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)名稱不一(yi)(yi)，規(gui)模(mo)裝(zhuang)備差異(yi)也較大(da)(da)(da)。蘇聯稱海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)(an)導(dao)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)炮(pao)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)，營為(wei)最大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)編(bian)制(zhi)單(dan)位。越南海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)編(bian)1個(ge)岸(an)(an)(an)(an)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)導(dao)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)旅。瑞典海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)編(bian)5個(ge)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)(an)炮(pao)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)團(tuan)（含若干導(dao)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)隊(dui)）。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)岸(an)(an)(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，受國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)事戰(zhan)(zhan)略和(he)(he)地(di)理環境等因素的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響甚大(da)(da)(da)。進入21世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)紀，以信息(xi)技術(shu)為(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)高新技術(shu)廣泛(fan)應用(yong)于(yu)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)，導(dao)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)射程和(he)(he)精度都大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)提高，但岸(an)(an)(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)御(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)依然重大(da)(da)(da)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)岸(an)(an)(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)有(you)悠(you)久(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展歷史。宋元(yuan)時期(qi)(qi)，在(zai)(zai)沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)建(jian)城設(she)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)御(yu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)盜。明朝(chao)開(kai)(kai)始在(zai)(zai)沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)設(she)有(you)衛、所(suo)，并在(zai)(zai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)要(yao)(yao)地(di)修城筑堡，屯兵(bing)(bing)(bing)戍(shu)守。如戚(qi)繼光(guang)、俞大(da)(da)(da)猷(you)統率步(bu)師(shi)和(he)(he)水師(shi)，抗(kang)擊倭寇。嘉靖(jing)（1522～1566）年(nian)(nian)(nian)間，編(bian)配銅(tong)炮(pao)，“大(da)(da)(da)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)發(fa)及(ji)七百步(bu)”。清(qing)(qing)初(chu)(chu)，建(jian)水師(shi)，造炮(pao)臺(tai)(tai)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)守海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)口(kou)(kou)。道(dao)光(guang)（1821～1850）年(nian)(nian)(nian)間，海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)禁大(da)(da)(da)開(kai)(kai)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)益(yi)重。鴉片戰(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，清(qing)(qing)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)利用(yong)在(zai)(zai)虎(hu)門設(she)立(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)炮(pao)臺(tai)(tai)和(he)(he)設(she)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)障(zhang)礙陣地(di)，抗(kang)擊了英(ying)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)戰(zhan)(zhan)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進攻。此后，清(qing)(qing)朝(chao)在(zai)(zai)沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)要(yao)(yao)地(di)構筑新式炮(pao)臺(tai)(tai)130多(duo)座(zuo)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民(min)國(guo)(guo)時期(qi)(qi)，炮(pao)臺(tai)(tai)幾經整修，后在(zai)(zai)抗(kang)日戰(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)揮(hui)了一(yi)(yi)定作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。如1932年(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)?二(er)八抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)，吳淞要(yao)(yao)塞阻日艦(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)黃浦(pu)江(jiang)口(kou)(kou)達月余(yu)之久(jiu)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人民(min)共和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立(li)(li)后，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人民(min)解放軍(jun)(jun)(jun)于(yu)1950年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月，將東北軍(jun)(jun)(jun)區炮(pao)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)第(di)(di)6師(shi)和(he)(he)西南軍(jun)(jun)(jun)區特種炮(pao)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)第(di)(di)10團(tuan)改(gai)(gai)編(bian)為(wei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)(an)炮(pao)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)學校(xiao)（后改(gai)(gai)稱海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)炮(pao)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)學校(xiao)），突擊培(pei)訓技術(shu)骨干。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月，組建(jian)了第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)(an)炮(pao)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)營。1951年(nian)(nian)(nian)，組建(jian)了10多(duo)個(ge)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)(an)炮(pao)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)團(tuan)。1952年(nian)(nian)(nian)，成(cheng)立(li)(li)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)炮(pao)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)部(bu)(bu)（后改(gai)(gai)稱海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)御(yu)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)部(bu)(bu)）。1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)，組建(jian)了列(lie)(lie)車（機動）岸(an)(an)(an)(an)炮(pao)團(tuan)和(he)(he)獨立(li)(li)岸(an)(an)(an)(an)炮(pao)營，海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)、艦(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)、基地(di)均設(she)有(you)岸(an)(an)(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)領導(dao)機構。20世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)紀60年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)初(chu)(chu)期(qi)(qi)，岸(an)(an)(an)(an)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)導(dao)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)開(kai)(kai)始編(bian)配部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)。70年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)岸(an)(an)(an)(an)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)導(dao)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)迅速發(fa)展，成(cheng)為(wei)初(chu)(chu)具規(gui)模(mo)、較為(wei)現代(dai)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)力量。

海(hai)軍(jun)岸防兵(bing)自建立以來(lai)，曾單獨(du)和(he)協(xie)同(tong)其他兵(bing)種參加作戰400余次，擊(ji)沉、擊(ji)傷敵艦船70余艘，擊(ji)落(luo)、擊(ji)傷敵機40余架，在鞏(gong)固海(hai)防、保衛近岸交通和(he)漁業生產等(deng)任務中發揮了(le)重要作用。隨著信息技術和(he)武器裝備(bei)的(de)不斷發展，海(hai)軍(jun)岸防兵(bing)將進(jin)(jin)一步改進(jin)(jin)裝備(bei)性(xing)能，增大(da)射程，實施精(jing)確(que)制導，提高指揮控制水(shui)平；完(wan)善海(hai)岸防御配系，增大(da)海(hai)上防御縱深和(he)打擊(ji)威力(li)；增強與其他兵(bing)種、軍(jun)種的(de)協(xie)同(tong)作戰能力(li)。