緋紅(hong)蒲公英(ying)(學名:Taraxacum pseudoroseum Schischk.)是(shi)菊科蒲公英(ying)屬植(zhi)物,葉倒披針形,長4-15厘(li)米(mi)(mi),寬8-25毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),羽狀(zhuang)淺裂至羽狀(zhuang)深裂,生長于海拔2500-3300米(mi)(mi)高(gao)山(shan)、亞高(gao)山(shan)草(cao)甸及森林草(cao)甸,分布(bu)在(zai)新疆烏(wu)魯木齊(qi)、阜康、沙灣、奇(qi)臺、阿勒(le)泰、伊寧、尼(ni)勒(le)克(ke)。
多(duo)(duo)年生葶(ting)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)草本,具白(bai)色(se)乳(ru)液。莖花(hua)(hua)葶(ting)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),1至數個,直(zhi)(zhi)立、中空,上(shang)部(bu)被蛛絲狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)柔(rou)毛(mao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)無毛(mao)。葉基(ji)生,密集(ji)成(cheng)蓮座(zuo)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),匙形(xing)(xing)、倒(dao)披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing),羽(yu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)深裂(lie)(lie)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)淺裂(lie)(lie),裂(lie)(lie)片(pian)(pian)多(duo)(duo)倒(dao)向或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)平展,具波狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)齒,稀(xi)全緣,具柄或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)無柄。頭(tou)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)序單(dan)生花(hua)(hua)葶(ting)頂(ding)端(duan);總苞鐘(zhong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)窄鐘(zhong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),總苞片(pian)(pian)數層,有(you)(you)時先(xian)端(duan)背(bei)部(bu)增厚或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)有(you)(you)小角(jiao),外(wai)層短于內層,通常稍寬,常有(you)(you)淺色(se)邊緣,線(xian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing),伏貼或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)反卷,內層多(duo)(duo)少呈(cheng)線(xian)形(xing)(xing),直(zhi)(zhi)立;花(hua)(hua)序托多(duo)(duo)少平,有(you)(you)小窩(wo)孔(kong),無毛(mao),稀(xi)有(you)(you)毛(mao);全為(wei)舌狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua),兩性(xing)、結實;頭(tou)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)序通常有(you)(you)花(hua)(hua)數十朵,有(you)(you)時100余朵,舌片(pian)(pian)黃(huang)色(se),稀(xi)白(bai)、紅(hong)(hong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)紫紅(hong)(hong)色(se),先(xian)端(duan)截平,具5齒,邊緣花(hua)(hua)舌片(pian)(pian)背(bei)面常具暗色(se)條紋:雄蕊(rui)5,花(hua)(hua)藥聚合,筒狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),基(ji)部(bu)具尾,戟形(xing)(xing),先(xian)端(duan)有(you)(you)三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)附屬物,花(hua)(hua)絲離生,著生花(hua)(hua)冠筒上(shang);花(hua)(hua)柱細(xi)(xi)長,伸(shen)出聚藥雄蕊(rui)外(wai),柱頭(tou)2裂(lie)(lie),裂(lie)(lie)瓣線(xian)形(xing)(xing)。瘦果紡錘形(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)倒(dao)錐形(xing)(xing),有(you)(you)縱(zong)溝,上(shang)部(bu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)幾全部(bu)有(you)(you)刺(ci)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)瘤狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)突起,稀(xi)光(guang)滑,上(shang)端(duan)縊縮或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)漸收縮為(wei)圓柱形(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)圓錐形(xing)(xing)的喙基(ji),喙細(xi)(xi)長,少粗短,稀(xi)無喙;冠毛(mao)多(duo)(duo)層,白(bai)色(se)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)淡(dan)色(se),毛(mao)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),易脫落。
約2000余種,主產(chan)北半球溫帶(dai)(dai)至亞熱帶(dai)(dai)地區,少數產(chan)熱帶(dai)(dai)南(nan)美洲。我國70種、1變種。
生于海(hai)拔2500-3300米高山、亞高山草甸及森(sen)林草甸。
產于(yu)新疆(jiang)(烏魯木齊、阜康、沙灣、奇臺、阿勒泰(tai)、伊寧、尼勒克)。哈薩克斯坦及吉(ji)爾(er)吉(ji)斯斯坦也有分布。
緋紅蒲公(gong)英,多年(nian)生草本,植(zhi)(zhi)株高10-20厘米。葉無毛(mao),倒披針形。花葶(ting)花時長于葉,有時帶(dai)紫紅色(se),無毛(mao)。舌狀花紫紅色(se)。瘦(shou)果(guo)淡黃褐(he)色(se)。產阿勒泰(tai)、奇臺(tai)、阜康、烏魯木齊、沙灣、伊寧、尼勒克等地。耐寒植(zhi)(zhi)物。
多年(nian)生草本。根頸部無殘存葉(xie)基(ji)。葉(xie)倒披(pi)(pi)針(zhen)形(xing),長(chang)(chang)4-15厘(li)米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)8-25毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),羽狀(zhuang)淺裂(lie)(lie)(lie)至(zhi)羽狀(zhuang)深裂(lie)(lie)(lie),頂端裂(lie)(lie)(lie)片(pian)(pian)大(da),三角形(xing)至(zhi)長(chang)(chang)三角形(xing),全(quan)緣,先(xian)端鈍(dun),每(mei)側(ce)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)片(pian)(pian)2-4片(pian)(pian),裂(lie)(lie)(lie)片(pian)(pian)三角形(xing),平展或(huo)倒向,先(xian)端急(ji)尖(jian)(jian),全(quan)緣,裂(lie)(lie)(lie)片(pian)(pian)間(jian)無齒、亦(yi)無小(xiao)(xiao)裂(lie)(lie)(lie)片(pian)(pian),葉(xie)基(ji)常顯紫(zi)紅(hong)色(se),兩(liang)面無毛(mao)(mao)。花葶2-5,較(jiao)粗壯,高10-20厘(li)米(mi)(mi),有時(shi)帶紫(zi)紅(hong)色(se),無毛(mao)(mao);頭狀(zhuang)花序直徑25-30毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi);總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)(bao)(bao)寬(kuan)鐘狀(zhuang),長(chang)(chang)14-20毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)(bao)(bao)片(pian)(pian)先(xian)端漸尖(jian)(jian)、無角;外層(ceng)(ceng)總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)(bao)(bao)片(pian)(pian)淡綠色(se),卵(luan)狀(zhuang)披(pi)(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)至(zhi)披(pi)(pi)針(zhen)形(xing),長(chang)(chang)6-8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)2-4毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),花時(shi)反卷,具極窄的(de)膜質邊(bian)緣,等(deng)寬(kuan)或(huo)寬(kuan)于(yu)內層(ceng)(ceng)總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)(bao)(bao)片(pian)(pian);內層(ceng)(ceng)總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)(bao)(bao)片(pian)(pian)綠色(se),長(chang)(chang)為(wei)外層(ceng)(ceng)總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)(bao)(bao)片(pian)(pian)的(de)2倍;舌狀(zhuang)花紫(zi)紅(hong)色(se),喉部及舌片(pian)(pian)下(xia)部的(de)背面有少量短毛(mao)(mao),舌片(pian)(pian)長(chang)(chang)8-13毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)1-1.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),基(ji)部筒長(chang)(chang)2.5-4毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),柱頭黃(huang)褐色(se)。瘦果淡黃(huang)褐色(se),長(chang)(chang)約(yue)3-3.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),中部以上(shang)被小(xiao)(xiao)刺,以下(xia)具少量小(xiao)(xiao)瘤(liu)狀(zhuang)突起或(huo)無瘤(liu),喙(hui)基(ji)長(chang)(chang)約(yue)0.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),喙(hui)長(chang)(chang)6-8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi);冠毛(mao)(mao)白色(se),長(chang)(chang)6-7毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)。