緋紅蒲公英(ying)(學名(ming):Taraxacum pseudoroseum Schischk.)是菊科蒲公英(ying)屬植物,葉倒披針形,長(chang)4-15厘米(mi),寬8-25毫米(mi),羽狀淺裂至(zhi)羽狀深裂,生長(chang)于海(hai)拔2500-3300米(mi)高山(shan)(shan)、亞高山(shan)(shan)草甸及森林草甸,分(fen)布在新疆烏(wu)魯木(mu)齊、阜康、沙灣、奇臺、阿(a)勒(le)泰、伊寧、尼勒(le)克。
多年生(sheng)葶狀(zhuang)草(cao)本,具(ju)白色(se)(se)乳液。莖花(hua)(hua)葶狀(zhuang),1至數(shu)個,直立、中空(kong),上(shang)部(bu)被蛛絲狀(zhuang)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)或(huo)(huo)無(wu)毛(mao)(mao)。葉基(ji)生(sheng),密(mi)集(ji)成(cheng)蓮座狀(zhuang),匙形(xing)(xing)、倒披針形(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)披針形(xing)(xing),羽狀(zhuang)深裂或(huo)(huo)淺裂,裂片(pian)多倒向或(huo)(huo)平(ping)(ping)展,具(ju)波(bo)狀(zhuang)齒,稀(xi)全緣,具(ju)柄(bing)(bing)或(huo)(huo)無(wu)柄(bing)(bing)。頭狀(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)序單生(sheng)花(hua)(hua)葶頂端(duan);總苞(bao)鐘狀(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)窄鐘狀(zhuang),總苞(bao)片(pian)數(shu)層(ceng),有(you)時(shi)先(xian)端(duan)背部(bu)增(zeng)厚或(huo)(huo)有(you)小(xiao)角(jiao),外層(ceng)短(duan)于(yu)內層(ceng),通(tong)常稍(shao)寬,常有(you)淺色(se)(se)邊緣,線(xian)狀(zhuang)披針形(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing),伏貼或(huo)(huo)反卷,內層(ceng)多少呈線(xian)形(xing)(xing),直立;花(hua)(hua)序托多少平(ping)(ping),有(you)小(xiao)窩孔(kong),無(wu)毛(mao)(mao),稀(xi)有(you)毛(mao)(mao);全為(wei)舌狀(zhuang)花(hua)(hua),兩性(xing)、結實;頭狀(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)序通(tong)常有(you)花(hua)(hua)數(shu)十(shi)朵(duo),有(you)時(shi)100余(yu)朵(duo),舌片(pian)黃色(se)(se),稀(xi)白、紅或(huo)(huo)紫(zi)紅色(se)(se),先(xian)端(duan)截平(ping)(ping),具(ju)5齒,邊緣花(hua)(hua)舌片(pian)背面常具(ju)暗色(se)(se)條紋:雄(xiong)蕊5,花(hua)(hua)藥聚(ju)合,筒(tong)狀(zhuang),基(ji)部(bu)具(ju)尾,戟形(xing)(xing),先(xian)端(duan)有(you)三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)附屬物,花(hua)(hua)絲離生(sheng),著生(sheng)花(hua)(hua)冠筒(tong)上(shang);花(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)細(xi)長,伸出聚(ju)藥雄(xiong)蕊外,柱(zhu)頭2裂,裂瓣(ban)線(xian)形(xing)(xing)。瘦(shou)果(guo)紡錘形(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)倒錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing),有(you)縱溝,上(shang)部(bu)或(huo)(huo)幾全部(bu)有(you)刺狀(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)瘤狀(zhuang)突起,稀(xi)光滑(hua),上(shang)端(duan)縊縮或(huo)(huo)漸收縮為(wei)圓柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)圓錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)的喙基(ji),喙細(xi)長,少粗短(duan),稀(xi)無(wu)喙;冠毛(mao)(mao)多層(ceng),白色(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)淡色(se)(se),毛(mao)(mao)狀(zhuang),易脫落。
約2000余(yu)種,主(zhu)產北半球溫帶(dai)至亞熱(re)(re)帶(dai)地(di)區(qu),少數產熱(re)(re)帶(dai)南美洲。我國(guo)70種、1變(bian)種。
生于海拔2500-3300米高山(shan)、亞高山(shan)草(cao)甸及(ji)森林草(cao)甸。
產于新疆(jiang)(烏魯木齊、阜康(kang)、沙灣(wan)、奇臺、阿勒泰(tai)、伊(yi)寧、尼勒克)。哈薩(sa)克斯坦及吉爾吉斯斯坦也(ye)有(you)分布。
緋紅蒲公英,多年生草(cao)本(ben),植株高(gao)10-20厘(li)米。葉無毛(mao),倒披針形。花(hua)葶(ting)花(hua)時(shi)長于(yu)葉,有時(shi)帶紫(zi)紅色,無毛(mao)。舌(she)狀花(hua)紫(zi)紅色。瘦果(guo)淡黃褐色。產阿勒泰、奇臺、阜(fu)康(kang)、烏魯木(mu)齊、沙灣、伊寧、尼勒克等地。耐寒植物。
多年生草本。根(gen)頸部(bu)(bu)無殘存(cun)葉(xie)基(ji)(ji)。葉(xie)倒披針(zhen)形(xing),長(chang)4-15厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)8-25毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),羽(yu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)淺裂(lie)至羽(yu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)深裂(lie),頂端(duan)裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)大,三角(jiao)形(xing)至長(chang)三角(jiao)形(xing),全緣(yuan)(yuan),先端(duan)鈍,每側(ce)裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)2-4片(pian)(pian),裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)三角(jiao)形(xing),平展或倒向,先端(duan)急(ji)尖(jian),全緣(yuan)(yuan),裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)間無齒、亦無小裂(lie)片(pian)(pian),葉(xie)基(ji)(ji)常顯紫(zi)(zi)(zi)紅色(se),兩面(mian)無毛。花(hua)葶2-5,較粗壯,高(gao)10-20厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),有時帶紫(zi)(zi)(zi)紅色(se),無毛;頭狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)序直(zhi)徑25-30毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);總苞寬(kuan)(kuan)鐘狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),長(chang)14-20毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),總苞片(pian)(pian)先端(duan)漸尖(jian)、無角(jiao);外(wai)層總苞片(pian)(pian)淡綠(lv)色(se),卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)披針(zhen)形(xing)至披針(zhen)形(xing),長(chang)6-8毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)2-4毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)時反卷,具極窄的(de)(de)膜質邊緣(yuan)(yuan),等寬(kuan)(kuan)或寬(kuan)(kuan)于內層總苞片(pian)(pian);內層總苞片(pian)(pian)綠(lv)色(se),長(chang)為外(wai)層總苞片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)2倍;舌(she)(she)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)紅色(se),喉部(bu)(bu)及舌(she)(she)片(pian)(pian)下部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)背面(mian)有少(shao)量(liang)短毛,舌(she)(she)片(pian)(pian)長(chang)8-13毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)1-1.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),基(ji)(ji)部(bu)(bu)筒長(chang)2.5-4毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),柱頭黃(huang)褐色(se)。瘦果(guo)淡黃(huang)褐色(se),長(chang)約3-3.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)以上(shang)被(bei)小刺,以下具少(shao)量(liang)小瘤狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)突起或無瘤,喙基(ji)(ji)長(chang)約0.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),喙長(chang)6-8毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);冠毛白色(se),長(chang)6-7毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。