以蓮(lian)花或蓮(lian)瓣作為(wei)(wei)器(qi)物(wu)之(zhi)紋飾及(ji)造(zao)型,隨佛教之(zhi)傳(chuan)入而盛行,爾后更取(qu)其(qi)出(chu)泥不(bu)染之(zhi)習性,寓意廉潔,廣為(wei)(wei)各類器(qi)所采用。該器(qi)狀似未盛開蓮(lian)花,線條(tiao)溫柔(rou)婉(wan)約(yue),高雅清麗。原器(qi)應與一(yi)執壺配套,為(wei)(wei)一(yi)溫酒用器(qi),晚唐至宋(song)所常(chang)見。
汝(ru)(ru)(ru)窯曾為宮中用器(qi),因(yin)采覆燒(shao)的(de)方式,故(gu)口(kou)有(you)缺陷,因(yin)而有(you)“宮中命汝(ru)(ru)(ru)州燒(shao)造青(qing)瓷(ci)”之(zhi)舉,汝(ru)(ru)(ru)窯之(zhi)入(ru)選,支(zhi)燒(shao)滿釉(you)(you)應是(shi)(shi)原(yuan)因(yin)之(zhi)一(yi)。支(zhi)燒(shao)另(ling)一(yi)用處為防(fang)止器(qi)底(di)塌陷,汝(ru)(ru)(ru)窯所(suo)用支(zhi)釘(ding)細小,所(suo)留(liu)釘(ding)痕(hen)(hen)狀(zhuang)似芝麻,器(qi)底(di)五支(zhi)釘(ding)痕(hen)(hen)即是(shi)(shi),也就是(shi)(shi)俗稱的(de)“芝麻釘(ding)”。釉(you)(you)面細碎紋路(lu),更有(you)“蟹爪痕(hen)(hen)”之(zhi)美名。 蓮花(hua)溫(wen)碗(wan),以其典雅造型(xing),溫(wen)柔(rou)不(bu)(bu)透明釉(you)(you)色,在傳世不(bu)(bu)多(duo)之(zhi)汝(ru)(ru)(ru)窯器(qi)中,更顯珍貴(gui)。
汝窯是宋代“五大(da)名(ming)(ming)窯”之(zhi)一,為(wei)(wei)(wei)冠絕古(gu)今(jin)之(zhi)中(zhong)國瓷(ci)器(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)窯。窯址在(zai)今(jin)河(he)南(nan)省寶豐縣(xian)清涼寺及汝州文廟張公巷附近(jin),宋時(shi)屬汝州,故(gu)名(ming)(ming)。汝窯以(yi)燒制(zhi)青釉(you)瓷(ci)器(qi)(qi)著稱(cheng),宋人葉(xie)寘在(zai)《坦齋筆衡(heng)》中(zhong)記載:“本朝(chao)以(yi)定(ding)州白瓷(ci)器(qi)(qi)有芒不堪(kan)用,遂命汝州造青窯器(qi)(qi),故(gu)河(he)北(bei)(bei)唐(tang)、鄧(deng)、耀州悉有之(zhi),汝州為(wei)(wei)(wei)魁(kui)。”可見汝窯是繼(ji)定(ding)窯之(zhi)后為(wei)(wei)(wei)宮(gong)廷燒制(zhi)貢瓷(ci)的(de)(de)窯場。其器(qi)(qi)物(wu)多仿青銅器(qi)(qi)及玉器(qi)(qi)造型(xing),主要有出戟尊(zun)、玉壺春瓶、膽式瓶、樽(zun)、洗。胎體細(xi)潔(jie)如香灰色,多為(wei)(wei)(wei)裹足支(zhi)燒,器(qi)(qi)物(wu)底部留(liu)有細(xi)小的(de)(de)支(zhi)釘痕跡。釉(you)色主要有天青、天藍、淡粉(fen)、粉(fen)青、月白等,釉(you)層(ceng)薄而瑩潤(run),釉(you)泡大(da)而稀疏,有“寥若晨星”之(zhi)稱(cheng)。釉(you)面有細(xi)小的(de)(de)紋片,稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“蟹爪紋”。汝窯燒宮(gong)廷用瓷(ci)的(de)(de)時(shi)間僅20年(nian)左右,約在(zai)北(bei)(bei)宋哲宗元祐(you)元年(nian)(1086年(nian))到徽宗崇寧五年(nian)(1106年(nian)),故(gu)傳世(shi)品(pin)極少,被人們視(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)稀世(shi)之(zhi)珍。