云(yun)南(nan)省博物館藏(zang)國家一級文(wen)物明代金(jin)鑲紅藍寶石冠(guan),于(yu)1963年出土于(yu)云(yun)南(nan)呈貢王家營沐(mu)氏家族墓(mu)之沐(mu)崧夫婦合葬墓(mu)。
明(ming)(ming)(ming)代開國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)功(gong)臣(chen)沐(mu)(mu)英(ying)被朱元(yuan)璋追封為黔(qian)(qian)寧王(wang),沐(mu)(mu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)弟承(cheng)襲(xi)“黔(qian)(qian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)公”的封爵,子(zi)孫世(shi)(shi)代鎮(zhen)(zhen)守云南,直(zhi)至明(ming)(ming)(ming)朝滅亡,共計12代。沐(mu)(mu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)族(zu)累世(shi)(shi)為官(guan),身世(shi)(shi)顯赫(he),此(ci)件(jian)金冠(guan)就是證明(ming)(ming)(ming)。據歷(li)史(shi)資料(liao)顯示,沐(mu)(mu)崧,字希(xi)甫,號石岡(gang),生于(yu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)弘(hong)治(zhi)辛亥(公元(yuan)1491)年(nian),逝于(yu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)嘉靖丙申(shen)(公元(yuan)1536)年(nian),為明(ming)(ming)(ming)朝開國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)功(gong)臣(chen)黔(qian)(qian)寧王(wang)沐(mu)(mu)英(ying)六世(shi)(shi)孫。沐(mu)(mu)英(ying)家(jia)族(zu)世(shi)(shi)襲(xi)黔(qian)(qian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)公爵位(wei),先后十二代、十四(si)任鎮(zhen)(zhen)守云南,與大明(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)朝共始終,可以說是明(ming)(ming)(ming)代歷(li)史(shi)上有舉(ju)足輕(qing)重地位(wei)的家(jia)族(zu)。沐(mu)(mu)英(ying)死后,追封黔(qian)(qian)寧王(wang),謚昭靖,侑享太廟。沐(mu)(mu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)孫世(shi)(shi)代承(cheng)襲(xi),鎮(zhen)(zhen)守云南,直(zhi)至明(ming)(ming)(ming)朝末年(nian)。沐(mu)(mu)崧16歲鎮(zhen)(zhen)守金齒、騰沖(chong),累官(guan)至驃騎將軍右軍都(dou)督府都(dou)督僉事。其夫人(ren)徐氏(shi)(shi)(shi),生于(yu)弘(hong)治(zhi)戊申(shen)(1488)年(nian),逝于(yu)正德丁丑(1517)年(nian),為明(ming)(ming)(ming)朝開國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)功(gong)臣(chen)中(zhong)山王(wang)徐達六世(shi)(shi)孫魏國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)公徐俌(fu)之女。
該金(jin)鑲紅(hong)藍寶石(shi)冠高(gao)11.5厘米,底徑11厘米,重320克(ke),呈半球形(xing),由形(xing)似蓮(lian)花(hua)瓣的(de)薄金(jin)片,內外(wai)四層累(lei)疊而成。從冠面看,其鑲嵌有紅(hong)、藍、綠、白(bai)等(deng)各(ge)(ge)色寶石(shi)20多粒,光芒四射,交相(xiang)輝映(ying)。其冠頂插有一如意形(xing)嵌寶石(shi)簪,沿頂簪兩側各(ge)(ge)插有一對鑲紅(hong)和鑲藍寶石(shi)的(de)笄。
從工藝制造角度而言,該金(jin)冠集中(zhong)融匯多種工藝技法,如捶揲、鏨刻、鏤空、鑲(xiang)嵌、焊接(jie)等(deng),充分反映(ying)了(le)明代金(jin)器制作水平(ping)的高超(chao),更(geng)顯現出明代王侯之物的華貴。
名(ming)貴的寶石以其(qi)艷麗的色彩與黃(huang)金(jin)交相輝映(ying)更顯得富(fu)麗華貴。從(cong)工藝制造角度而言該金(jin)冠集中融匯多種工藝技(ji)法
如捶揲、鏨刻、鏤空(kong)、鑲嵌、焊(han)接等(deng),充分反映了明(ming)代金器制作水(shui)平的(de)高超,更顯現(xian)出明(ming)代王侯之物的(de)華貴。