云(yun)(yun)南省(sheng)博物館藏國家(jia)一級文物明代金(jin)鑲(xiang)紅藍(lan)寶(bao)石冠,于1963年(nian)出土(tu)于云(yun)(yun)南呈貢(gong)王家(jia)營沐氏家(jia)族墓之沐崧夫(fu)婦合(he)葬墓。
明(ming)代(dai)開(kai)國(guo)功臣(chen)沐(mu)(mu)英被朱元(yuan)璋(zhang)追封(feng)為(wei)黔(qian)(qian)寧王(wang)(wang),沐(mu)(mu)氏(shi)子(zi)弟承襲“黔(qian)(qian)國(guo)公(gong)(gong)”的(de)封(feng)爵,子(zi)孫世(shi)(shi)代(dai)鎮守(shou)(shou)云(yun)南,直至(zhi)明(ming)朝(chao)滅亡,共計12代(dai)。沐(mu)(mu)氏(shi)家族(zu)累(lei)世(shi)(shi)為(wei)官,身(shen)世(shi)(shi)顯赫,此件金冠就是(shi)證(zheng)明(ming)。據(ju)歷史(shi)資料顯示,沐(mu)(mu)崧,字希甫,號(hao)石岡,生于明(ming)弘治(zhi)辛(xin)亥(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1491)年(nian),逝于明(ming)嘉靖丙申(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1536)年(nian),為(wei)明(ming)朝(chao)開(kai)國(guo)功臣(chen)黔(qian)(qian)寧王(wang)(wang)沐(mu)(mu)英六世(shi)(shi)孫。沐(mu)(mu)英家族(zu)世(shi)(shi)襲黔(qian)(qian)國(guo)公(gong)(gong)爵位,先后十二代(dai)、十四任鎮守(shou)(shou)云(yun)南,與大明(ming)王(wang)(wang)朝(chao)共始終,可(ke)以說是(shi)明(ming)代(dai)歷史(shi)上有舉足輕重地位的(de)家族(zu)。沐(mu)(mu)英死后,追封(feng)黔(qian)(qian)寧王(wang)(wang),謚昭(zhao)靖,侑享太廟。沐(mu)(mu)氏(shi)子(zi)孫世(shi)(shi)代(dai)承襲,鎮守(shou)(shou)云(yun)南,直至(zhi)明(ming)朝(chao)末(mo)年(nian)。沐(mu)(mu)崧16歲鎮守(shou)(shou)金齒、騰(teng)沖,累(lei)官至(zhi)驃(piao)騎(qi)將軍右軍都督府都督僉事。其(qi)夫人徐(xu)氏(shi),生于弘治(zhi)戊申(1488)年(nian),逝于正德丁丑(chou)(1517)年(nian),為(wei)明(ming)朝(chao)開(kai)國(guo)功臣(chen)中山王(wang)(wang)徐(xu)達六世(shi)(shi)孫魏國(guo)公(gong)(gong)徐(xu)俌之女。
該金鑲紅藍(lan)寶(bao)(bao)石冠高11.5厘米,底徑11厘米,重(zhong)320克,呈半球形,由(you)形似蓮花瓣(ban)的薄金片,內外四層累疊而成。從冠面看(kan),其鑲嵌有(you)紅、藍(lan)、綠(lv)、白等各色寶(bao)(bao)石20多粒,光芒四射,交相(xiang)輝映(ying)。其冠頂(ding)插有(you)一(yi)如意形嵌寶(bao)(bao)石簪(zan),沿頂(ding)簪(zan)兩側各插有(you)一(yi)對(dui)鑲紅和鑲藍(lan)寶(bao)(bao)石的笄(ji)。
從工藝(yi)制(zhi)造角度而言,該金(jin)冠集中(zhong)融匯多種工藝(yi)技法,如(ru)捶揲、鏨刻、鏤空、鑲嵌、焊接(jie)等,充分(fen)反映了明代(dai)金(jin)器制(zhi)作水平的高超,更顯現出明代(dai)王侯之(zhi)物的華貴(gui)。
名貴(gui)的寶石以其艷(yan)麗的色彩與黃金(jin)(jin)交相(xiang)輝映(ying)更顯得富麗華貴(gui)。從工(gong)藝(yi)制造(zao)角度而言該金(jin)(jin)冠集(ji)中融(rong)匯多種工(gong)藝(yi)技法
如捶揲、鏨(zan)刻、鏤空、鑲嵌、焊接(jie)等(deng),充(chong)分反(fan)映了明代金器制作水平的(de)高超,更顯現出明代王侯之物(wu)的(de)華(hua)貴。