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頌(song)簋，西周(zhou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)青銅器(qi)。高30.1厘米、口(kou)徑24.2厘米。斂口(kou)，鼓腹(fu)(fu)，圈(quan)足下另有三小足；口(kou)上有高隆蓋，蓋與(yu)器(qi)母(mu)子合口(kou)，蓋頂有圈(quan)狀(zhuang)捉(zhuo)手；腹(fu)(fu)部兩側有獸(shou)(shou)首半環耳并垂珥(er)。在裝飾(shi)(shi)(shi)上，頌(song)簋的(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)口(kou)和(he)蓋沿各飾(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)周(zhou)獸(shou)(shou)目交連紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(或稱竊曲紋(wen)(wen)(wen))，中間像眼，兩側各連接一(yi)回(hui)勾狀(zhuang)曲線(xian)。這種(zhong)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)從動物形象，確切地(di)說(shuo)是(shi)(shi)從一(yi)種(zhong)卷曲的(de)(de)(de)(de)龍紋(wen)(wen)(wen)變化而來的(de)(de)(de)(de)，主要流行(xing)于西周(zhou)中晚(wan)期(qi)(qi)，也是(shi)(shi)當時(shi)(shi)(shi)青銅器(qi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要紋(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)一(yi)。腹(fu)(fu)部和(he)蓋面，裝飾(shi)(shi)(shi)著數道(dao)平行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)凹槽狀(zhuang)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)，稱橫條溝紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，因像老(lao)式房子上的(de)(de)(de)(de)瓦溝，所以也稱瓦棱紋(wen)(wen)(wen)、瓦紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，這種(zhong)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)，在西周(zhou)后期(qi)(qi)至春秋時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)非常盛(sheng)行(xing)。頌(song)簋蓋頂的(de)(de)(de)(de)捉(zhuo)手內，飾(shi)(shi)(shi)團龍紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，圈(quan)足飾(shi)(shi)(shi)垂鱗紋(wen)(wen)(wen)。

文物簡介

通高30.1厘米，口徑(jing)24.2厘米，重(zhong)13.2千(qian)克。西(xi)周(zhou)后期盛食器。隆蓋(gai)，頂(ding)有圈形把手。圓(yuan)腹(fu)，圈足(zu)(zu)，下(xia)(xia)附三獸(shou)足(zu)(zu)。腹(fu)部(bu)兩側有一(yi)對獸(shou)首耳。口沿(yan)上下(xia)(xia)各飾(shi)(shi)竊曲紋一(yi)周(zhou)，蓋(gai)與(yu)腹(fu)均飾(shi)(shi)橫條脊紋，圈足(zu)(zu)飾(shi)(shi)重(zhong)環紋。形制莊重(zhong)。蓋(gai)器同銘(ming)，各鑄十(shi)五(wu)行一(yi)百五(wu)十(shi)二(er)字，銘(ming)文(wen)大(da)(da)意(yi)為：周(zhou)王冊(ce)命(ming)頌掌管成周(zhou)貯（匿(ni)）甘家，監督新造，積貯貨物(wu)，以為宮御之(zhi)用(yong)。周(zhou)王賞賜頌玄衣、省純、赤市、朱黃(huang)、攸勒等物(wu)品。頌接受命(ming)冊(ce)，退(tui)出中廷(ting)，然后再回(hui)返，向周(zhou)王獻納瑾璋。比較(jiao)完整(zheng)地(di)反(fan)映了西(xi)周(zhou)王室(shi)策(ce)命(ming)官員的制度。銘(ming)文(wen)與(yu)頌鼎同。現(xian)藏山東省博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)。為山東省博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)十(shi)大(da)(da)鎮館(guan)之(zhi)寶(bao)之(zhi)一(yi)。

銘文內容

隹（唯(wei)）三年五月既死(si)霸甲戌，王(wang)才(cai)（在）周(zhou)康(kang)卲（昭）宮。旦，王(wang)各大（格太(tai)）室，即(ji)立(li)(li)（位）。宰引右(you)（佑(you)）頌入(ru)門(men)，立(li)(li)（中）廷。尹氏受(shou)（授(shou)）王(wang)令（命(ming)(ming)）書，王(wang)乎（呼）史(shi)虢生冊(ce)令（命(ming)(ming)）頌。王(wang)曰：頌，令女(nv)（命(ming)(ming)汝）官（司）成周(zhou)貯，監(jian)（司）新?（造）貯用(yong)(yong)(yong)宮御。易女(nv)幺(yao)（賜汝玄）衣黹屯（純(chun)）、赤巿（韍）、朱黃（衡）、（鑾(luan)）旂(qi)、攸（鋚）勒。用(yong)(yong)(yong)事。頌??（拜稽(ji)）首。受(shou)令（命(ming)(ming)）冊(ce)，佩(pei)?（以）出，反入(ru)堇章（返(fan)納(na)覲璋）。頌?（敢）對?（揚）天(tian)子(zi)不（丕）顯魯休，用(yong)(yong)(yong)乍?（作朕）皇考龏吊（恭叔(shu)）、皇母(mu)龏始(shi)（恭姒）寶??（尊簋）。用(yong)(yong)(yong)追孝，（祈）匃(gai)康(kang)、屯右(you)（純(chun)佑(you)），彔(lu)（通祿）、永令（命(ming)(ming)）。頌（其）萬(wan)年??（眉夀）無彊（疆），（畯）臣(chen)天(tian)子(zi)霝(ling)冬（靈終(zhong)），子(zi)孫永寶用(yong)(yong)(yong)。

頌(song)(song)簋(gui)的(de)腹內(nei)和(he)蓋內(nei)都鑄有銘(ming)文(wen)(wen)(wen)，內(nei)容相(xiang)同，各15行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)150字(zi)，另(ling)有重文(wen)(wen)(wen)2字(zi)。銘(ming)文(wen)(wen)(wen)大意是(shi)：周(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)三(san)年五(wu)月(yue)甲戌這一天(tian)(tian)，周(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)在(zai)周(zhou)(zhou)的(de)京城康(kang)昭宮(gong)(gong)(“王(wang)(wang)(wang)在(zai)周(zhou)(zhou)康(kang)昭宮(gong)(gong)”第(di)(di)(di)(di)2行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))。清(qing)晨，周(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)來(lai)到太(tai)室就(jiu)位(“旦，王(wang)(wang)(wang)各大室即位”第(di)(di)(di)(di)2至(zhi)(zhi)3行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))，宰弘(hong)(hong)陪同頌(song)(song)進門站立在(zai)中廷(“宰弘(hong)(hong)佑頌(song)(song)入(ru)門立中廷”第(di)(di)(di)(di)3至(zhi)(zhi)4行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))，史官之長尹(yin)氏授王(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)命(ming)(ming)書(“尹(yin)氏受王(wang)(wang)(wang)命(ming)(ming)書”第(di)(di)(di)(di)4行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))。周(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)呼(hu)史官虢生冊命(ming)(ming)頌(song)(song)(“王(wang)(wang)(wang)乎史虢生冊命(ming)(ming)頌(song)(song)”第(di)(di)(di)(di)4至(zhi)(zhi)5行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))。周(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)親(qin)自(zi)任(ren)命(ming)(ming)頌(song)(song)在(zai)成周(zhou)(zhou)洛(luo)陽擔任(ren)職務(“王(wang)(wang)(wang)曰：頌(song)(song)，命(ming)(ming)汝官司成周(zhou)(zhou)貯(zhu)”第(di)(di)(di)(di)5至(zhi)(zhi)6行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))，大概是(shi)宮(gong)(gong)廷負責雜(za)務的(de)執事官，主管監(jian)造(zao)新(xin)宮(gong)(gong)，或認為是(shi)掌管倉庫(“監(jian)司新(xin)造(zao)貯(zhu)用宮(gong)(gong)御(yu)”第(di)(di)(di)(di)6至(zhi)(zhi)7行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))。任(ren)命(ming)(ming)的(de)同時(shi)，還賜給他帶(dai)(dai)花邊(bian)的(de)黑色絲質禮(li)服(“玄衣黻純”第(di)(di)(di)(di)7行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))、赤紅色的(de)圍腰(“赤市(shi)”第(di)(di)(di)(di)8行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))、拴著紅絲帶(dai)(dai)的(de)玉璜(“朱黃”第(di)(di)(di)(di)8行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))，以(yi)及旗幟和(he)馬具(“鑾(luan)旂(qi)、攸勒”第(di)(di)(di)(di)8行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))等。頌(song)(song)向(xiang)天(tian)(tian)子行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)跪拜(bai)大禮(li)(“頌(song)(song)拜(bai)稽(ji)首”第(di)(di)(di)(di)9行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))，并獻上玉璋表示(shi)感(gan)謝(“返入(ru)瑾章”第(di)(di)(di)(di)10行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))，事后鑄造(zao)了(le)頌(song)(song)簋(gui)、頌(song)(song)鼎和(he)頌(song)(song)壺，用來(lai)祭祀亡(wang)父龔叔和(he)亡(wang)母(mu)龔姒(si)(“用作(zuo)朕(zhen)皇考恭叔皇母(mu)恭姒(si)寶尊簋(gui)”第(di)(di)(di)(di)11至(zhi)(zhi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)12行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))。銘(ming)文(wen)(wen)(wen)中“敢對揚天(tian)(tian)子丕(pi)顯魯休(xiu)”(第(di)(di)(di)(di)10至(zhi)(zhi)11行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))，意思是(shi)感(gan)懷天(tian)(tian)子的(de)美德，它和(he)末尾“子子孫(sun)孫(sun)永寶用”(第(di)(di)(di)(di)15行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))的(de)辭句，常(chang)見(jian)于周(zhou)(zhou)代(dai)的(de)青銅器(qi)上。

時代信息

頌簋制作于西周晚期，共和或宣王時期。此時，銅(tong)簋基本都配有對應(ying)的(de)器(qi)蓋，器(qi)蓋倒放就是一個盤子，也可(ke)以(yi)用來盛食。器(qi)足(zu)為(wei)獸面象(xiang)鼻形，象(xiang)的(de)題材在(zai)銅(tong)器(qi)中常見(jian)，大概商(shang)周時期象(xiang)的(de)分布比(bi)現在(zai)要(yao)靠北，在(zai)當時交通如此不便(bian)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下，人們(men)也能見(jian)到。例如殷墟出土有完(wan)整的(de)小象(xiang)骨骼，并(bing)且項戴銅(tong)鈴，可(ke)能是主人生前的(de)寵(chong)物。

器物裝飾

器身的(de)主要(yao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)竊(qie)曲(qu)(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，竊(qie)曲(qu)(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)由兩端回鉤的(de)或“S”形(xing)(xing)的(de)線條構成扁長(chang)形(xing)(xing)圖案(an)(an)，有(you)的(de)中(zhong)間填以(yi)(yi)目(mu)形(xing)(xing)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，在銅器上往往連接成帶狀(zhuang)。《呂(lv)氏春秋(qiu)·適威》：“周(zhou)鼎有(you)竊(qie)曲(qu)(qu)（一作窮(qiong)曲(qu)(qu)），狀(zhuang)甚長(chang)，上下皆曲(qu)(qu)，以(yi)(yi)見極之(zhi)敗也。”盛(sheng)行(xing)于西周(zhou)中(zhong)、后期(qi)，春秋(qiu)時仍沿用(yong)。竊(qie)曲(qu)(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)是(shi)龍紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和饕餮(tie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)變(bian)體(ti)，竊(qie)曲(qu)(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)卷(juan)曲(qu)(qu)的(de)條狀(zhuang)當是(shi)取(qu)形(xing)(xing)于夔(kui)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、顧龍紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)之(zhi)身軀，但(dan)其構造、布局則不僅(jin)取(qu)形(xing)(xing)于諸(zhu)種龍紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，而(er)(er)且(qie)借鑒(jian)了饕餮(tie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)與上述變(bian)形(xing)(xing)饕餮(tie)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)圖案(an)(an)構形(xing)(xing)手法。然而(er)(er)從總體(ti)看，竊(qie)曲(qu)(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)出現使以(yi)(yi)往莊嚴、神秘的(de)動物紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)解(jie)體(ti)，進一步(bu)促進了青(qing)銅器紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)抽象(xiang)化與幾何圖形(xing)(xing)化，因(yin)而(er)(er)在青(qing)銅器紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)發展(zhan)史中(zhong)有(you)著重要(yao)作用(yong)。頌(song)簋(gui)的(de)竊(qie)曲(qu)(qu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)中(zhong)間是(shi)目(mu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，即眼睛的(de)樣子，整體(ti)呈“S”形(xing)(xing)，兩端分(fen)叉，這(zhe)是(shi)典型的(de)西周(zhou)晚期(qi)的(de)樣式。

流傳經歷

頌簋的流傳(chuan)如同其他青銅(tong)重器一(yi)樣，充(chong)滿了(le)傳(chuan)奇色彩(cai)。清(qing)嘉慶十九(jiu)年（1814年）學者劉(liu)喜(xi)海在北京購得(de)，并編(bian)入《清(qing)愛堂(tang)彝器款識》。劉(liu)喜(xi)海（1793—1853），諸城人(ren)(ren)，劉(liu)墉從孫，是清(qing)道(dao)、咸間金(jin)石學家、古泉(quan)學家、藏書家，字燕庭（又作(zuo)燕亭、硯庭）、吉(ji)甫，山東(dong)諸城人(ren)(ren)，別號(hao)三巴(ba)(ba)子。善鑒(jian)賞(shang)金(jin)石，著有《海東(dong)金(jin)石苑(yuan)補遺(yi)》等鑒(jian)賞(shang)書籍，其所補編(bian)《古泉(quan)匯考》為當(dang)時古泉(quan)學集大成之巨著，嘉惠(hui)后世泉(quan)學研究；《三巴(ba)(ba)金(jin)石苑(yuan)》為巴(ba)(ba)蜀地(di)區(qu)歷代金(jin)石圖(tu)文并茂(mao)之第一(yi)部著錄，對后世影響頗(po)大。

后(hou)來此簋歸李(li)宗岱。李(li)宗岱（？—1896），字山(shan)(shan)農(nong)，南海（今(jin)廣州）人，道光(guang)二十九(jiu)年（1849年）副榜(bang)貢生。山(shan)(shan)東候補道員署山(shan)(shan)東鹽運使、布(bu)政使，著(zhu)名收藏家。1885年，先(xian)后(hou)在平度、招遠開辦采金工場(chang)。1889年，到牟平開辦礦務公司。其后(hou)代在玲瓏(long)辦礦達50年之久(jiu)。

后(hou)轉手黃(huang)縣(xian)丁(ding)(ding)氏(shi)“泰來”號(hao)(hao)的丁(ding)(ding)樹貞（一說原為(wei)(wei)黃(huang)縣(xian)焦(jiao)氏(shi)收(shou)藏）。丁(ding)(ding)樹貞（1861—1915），字干圃，號(hao)(hao)仲立、煦農、陶齋，別號(hao)(hao)長年(nian)，為(wei)(wei)山(shan)東(dong)著名的金(jin)石收(shou)藏家(jia)。齋號(hao)(hao)“海隅山(shan)館”，其數世(shi)亦官亦商，家(jia)資(zi)巨富。丁(ding)(ding)氏(shi)為(wei)(wei)人慷慨大方，并熱心社會(hui)公益，常有捐資(zi)之善舉，被清延(yan)加(jia)封三品銜，賞戴花翎，并候選知府。后(hou)丁(ding)(ding)氏(shi)家(jia)道破落，弟兄分家(jia)時分割財產，使其器(qi)蓋分藏。20世(shi)紀(ji)40年(nian)代(dai)，器(qi)為(wei)(wei)膠(jiao)東(dong)古物管理委員會(hui)黃(huang)縣(xian)文管分會(hui)收(shou)集，后(hou)轉入(ru)山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)博物館。20世(shi)紀(ji)50年(nian)代(dai)，丁(ding)(ding)氏(shi)后(hou)人張秀琳(lin)女士(shi)將(jiang)所藏簋蓋捐獻給(gei)山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)博物館，頌(song)簋始(shi)成完璧(bi)。