西(xi)(xi)巖(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)是(shi)粵東名山(shan)(shan)(shan),位于(yu)廣東省梅州市大(da)埔縣(xian)(xian)境內(nei)。主(zhu)峰(feng)海拔1256米,連(lian)綿(mian)起(qi)伏、峰(feng)戀疊嶂、巖(yan)(yan)泉滲(shen)流(liu)、云(yun)霧繚繞(rao),滿山(shan)(shan)(shan)遍(bian)野(ye)都是(shi)形態(tai)各異、活靈活現的(de)自然(ran)(ran)景(jing)致,其中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)“公雞(ji)髻石”、“清(qing)泉石上(shang)流(liu)”、“仙(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)橋(qiao)”、“仙(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)打鼓石”、 “蟒蛇出山(shan)(shan)(shan)”、“仙(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)茶壺”、“飛來石”等景(jing)點,清(qing)康熙年(nian)間(jian)進士(shi)楊之徐游覽(lan)西(xi)(xi)巖(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)后曾寫詩贊(zan)道:“望(wang)到西(xi)(xi)巖(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)盡(jin)峰(feng),連(lian)天(tian)翠色意(yi)何濃;一(yi)朝雷(lei)雨(yu)繞(rao)云(yun)起(qi),卻怪深(shen)山(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)(you)(you)伏龍。”西(xi)(xi)巖(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)勝(sheng)(sheng)景(jing)美不(bu)(bu)勝(sheng)(sheng)收,自然(ran)(ran)奇觀、數不(bu)(bu)勝(sheng)(sheng)數。清(qing)道光二年(nian),阮元(yuan)撰(zhuan)寫《廣東通(tong)志(zhi)》時(shi)(shi),已將西(xi)(xi)巖(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)列為“名山(shan)(shan)(shan)勝(sheng)(sheng)景(jing)大(da)埔縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》。西(xi)(xi)巖(yan)(yan)烏(wu)(wu)龍茶產區(qu)屬亞熱(re)帶,氣候溫和(he)光照(zhao)充足,熱(re)量豐富,雨(yu)量充沛,夏(xia)長(chang)冬(dong)短(duan)。年(nian)平均(jun)氣溫21.2℃—22℃,年(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數1730.4小時(shi)(shi),年(nian)降雨(yu)量1400—2500毫米。西(xi)(xi)巖(yan)(yan)烏(wu)(wu)龍茶產區(qu)具有(you)(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)高日(ri)照(zhao)短(duan),云(yun)霧雨(yu)量多,冬(dong)春不(bu)(bu)嚴寒,盛夏(xia)無酷(ku)暑的(de)氣候特點,非常適合茶樹生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang),茶樹生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)更沒有(you)(you)(you)明顯的(de)休眠期。大(da)埔縣(xian)(xian)區(qu)域土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類型為:黃壤(rang)(rang)、紅(hong)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)、赤紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)和(he)水稻土(tu)四大(da)類。黃壤(rang)(rang)、紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)主(zhu)要(yao)分布在海拔500—1000米以上(shang),西(xi)(xi)巖(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)以黃紅(hong)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)為主(zhu),土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)疏松(song)、濕潤(run)、肥沃,植被生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)良好。PH值為3.97—4.46,土(tu)層深(shen)厚,富含(han)有(you)(you)(you)機質(zhi)(有(you)(you)(you)機質(zhi)含(han)量2.35%~3.93%)和(he)幾十種微量元(yuan)素,是(shi)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)多得的(de)優質(zhi)產茶地。低海拔地區(qu)和(he)平原(yuan)以赤紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)和(he)水稻土(tu)為主(zhu)。這部(bu)分地區(qu),水熱(re)條件較(jiao)好,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)熟(shu)化(hua)程度較(jiao)深(shen),肥效較(jiao)高,P H值3.97—4.46,適宜茶樹生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang),是(shi)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)多得的(de)高山(shan)(shan)(shan)產茶區(qu)。 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
西(xi)巖(yan)烏龍(long)茶(cha)產地大(da)埔(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)縣(xian)(xian)建置(zhi)(zhi)源于東晉義熙九(jiu)年(公元413年)的(de)(de)(de)(de)義招縣(xian)(xian),明(ming)嘉靖五年(1526年)析饒平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)之清遠、戀(lian)洲兩都置(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian),改名大(da)埔(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)縣(xian)(xian)。大(da)埔(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)縣(xian)(xian)地處粵東北邊(bian)垂,這里群山環抱,峰(feng)戀(lian)重(zhong)疊,溪河遍布,山青(qing)水秀,有“山中山”之稱(cheng);俗話說:“高山云霧出(chu)名茶(cha)”。歷史(shi)上位于楓朗西(xi)巖(yan)山的(de)(de)(de)(de)“西(xi)竺寺(si)”出(chu)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)烏龍(long)茶(cha)便(bian)馳名遐邇,這就是西(xi)巖(yan)烏龍(long)茶(cha)最初(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)淵源。大(da)埔(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)縣(xian)(xian)歷史(shi)悠久,是佛教慚(can)愧祖師(817-866)靜心(xin)修(xiu)行,默誦佛經(jing)之所,有著濃厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)禪(chan)(chan)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。目前大(da)埔(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)景(jing)點包括西(xi)竺寺(si)、倚巖(yan)寺(si)、萬福(fu)寺(si)、赤(chi)蕨寺(si)等都是禪(chan)(chan)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)載體(ti)。佛教不僅開(kai)創了(le)自身特有的(de)(de)(de)(de)禪(chan)(chan)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua),而且成熟(shu)了(le)本土自有的(de)(de)(de)(de)茶(cha)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua),且使禪(chan)(chan)茶(cha)融(rong)為一體(ti)而成為禪(chan)(chan)茶(cha)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。因而自古便(bian)有“禪(chan)(chan)茶(cha)一味”之說。它由禪(chan)(chan)而興,繼由禪(chan)(chan)而成熟(shu),終(zhong)因而成就禪(chan)(chan)茶(cha)。創立(li)中國茶(cha)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)茶(cha)圣陸羽在(zai)其《茶(cha)經(jing)》中就有不少對(dui)佛教的(de)(de)(de)(de)頌(song)揚(yang)和(he)(he)對(dui)僧人(ren)嗜(shi)茶(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)記載。在(zai)實踐中,茶(cha)道(dao)與佛教之間也(ye)找到越來越多的(de)(de)(de)(de)思想內涵(han)方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)共通之處。大(da)埔(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)縣(xian)(xian)禪(chan)(chan)茶(cha)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)注重(zhong)“和(he)(he)、靜、怡、真”,既理事圓(yuan)融(rong)和(he)(he)諧(xie)(xie),又雅俗同享,在(zai)人(ren)生(sheng)日常事務中普遍落實和(he)(he)操作的(de)(de)(de)(de)現實意義。西(xi)巖(yan)烏龍(long)茶(cha)便(bian)是大(da)埔(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)禪(chan)(chan)茶(cha)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)中精品之一。大(da)埔(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)禪(chan)(chan)茶(cha)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)將(jiang)正(zheng)氣(qi)溶(rong)入和(he)(he)中,將(jiang)分享溶(rong)入平(ping)靜中,將(jiang)雅氣(qi)溶(rong)入神怡中,將(jiang)聚集人(ren)心(xin)溶(rong)入真心(xin)中,發揮凝聚人(ren)心(xin),化(hua)(hua)(hua)解矛盾(dun)、優化(hua)(hua)(hua)素質、和(he)(he)諧(xie)(xie)關系的(de)(de)(de)(de)潛移默化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用,為構建和(he)(he)諧(xie)(xie)社會作出(chu)了(le)積極貢獻。