西(xi)(xi)巖(yan)山(shan)(shan)是(shi)粵東(dong)名(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan),位于廣東(dong)省梅州(zhou)市大(da)埔縣境內。主(zhu)峰(feng)海拔1256米,連綿起伏(fu)、峰(feng)戀(lian)疊嶂、巖(yan)泉滲(shen)流、云(yun)霧繚繞,滿山(shan)(shan)遍野都是(shi)形態各異、活靈活現的(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)景(jing)(jing)致,其中有(you)“公(gong)雞髻石(shi)”、“清泉石(shi)上流”、“仙人橋”、“仙人打(da)鼓石(shi)”、 “蟒蛇出山(shan)(shan)”、“仙人茶(cha)壺”、“飛來(lai)石(shi)”等(deng)景(jing)(jing)點,清康熙年間(jian)進士楊(yang)之徐游覽西(xi)(xi)巖(yan)山(shan)(shan)后曾寫(xie)詩贊道:“望到西(xi)(xi)巖(yan)不(bu)盡峰(feng),連天翠(cui)色意何(he)濃(nong);一朝(chao)雷雨(yu)繞云(yun)起,卻(que)怪深山(shan)(shan)有(you)伏(fu)龍(long)。”西(xi)(xi)巖(yan)山(shan)(shan)勝景(jing)(jing)美不(bu)勝收,自(zi)然(ran)奇觀、數(shu)不(bu)勝數(shu)。清道光二年,阮元(yuan)撰寫(xie)《廣東(dong)通志(zhi)》時,已將西(xi)(xi)巖(yan)山(shan)(shan)列(lie)為(wei)“名(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)勝景(jing)(jing)大(da)埔縣志(zhi)》。西(xi)(xi)巖(yan)烏龍(long)茶(cha)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)屬亞熱(re)帶,氣候溫(wen)和(he)光照充足(zu),熱(re)量(liang)豐富,雨(yu)量(liang)充沛,夏長冬短(duan)。年平均(jun)氣溫(wen)21.2℃—22℃,年日照時數(shu)1730.4小時,年降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)1400—2500毫米。西(xi)(xi)巖(yan)烏龍(long)茶(cha)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)具有(you)山(shan)(shan)高(gao)日照短(duan),云(yun)霧雨(yu)量(liang)多,冬春不(bu)嚴寒(han),盛夏無酷暑的(de)(de)氣候特(te)點,非常(chang)適合(he)茶(cha)樹生(sheng)長,茶(cha)樹生(sheng)長更沒有(you)明顯的(de)(de)休眠期。大(da)埔縣區(qu)(qu)域土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)類(lei)型(xing)為(wei):黃壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、紅(hong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、赤紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)和(he)水(shui)稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)四(si)大(da)類(lei)。黃壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)主(zhu)要分布(bu)在海拔500—1000米以(yi)上,西(xi)(xi)巖(yan)山(shan)(shan)以(yi)黃紅(hong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)為(wei)主(zhu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)疏(shu)松、濕潤、肥沃,植被生(sheng)長良好。PH值為(wei)3.97—4.46,土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深厚(hou),富含(han)有(you)機質(有(you)機質含(han)量(liang)2.35%~3.93%)和(he)幾十種(zhong)微量(liang)元(yuan)素,是(shi)不(bu)可多得的(de)(de)優質產(chan)(chan)茶(cha)地(di)。低海拔地(di)區(qu)(qu)和(he)平原(yuan)以(yi)赤紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)和(he)水(shui)稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)為(wei)主(zhu)。這部分地(di)區(qu)(qu),水(shui)熱(re)條件較好,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)熟化(hua)程度較深,肥效較高(gao),P H值3.97—4.46,適宜茶(cha)樹生(sheng)長,是(shi)不(bu)可多得的(de)(de)高(gao)山(shan)(shan)產(chan)(chan)茶(cha)區(qu)(qu)。 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
西(xi)巖烏龍茶(cha)(cha)產(chan)地(di)大(da)(da)埔(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)建(jian)置源于(yu)東晉義熙九年(nian)(nian)(公元413年(nian)(nian))的(de)(de)義招(zhao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),明(ming)嘉(jia)靖五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(1526年(nian)(nian))析饒平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)清遠、戀洲兩(liang)都(dou)置縣(xian)(xian)(xian),改名(ming)大(da)(da)埔(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。大(da)(da)埔(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)處粵東北邊垂,這里群山(shan)(shan)(shan)環抱,峰戀重疊,溪河遍(bian)布,山(shan)(shan)(shan)青(qing)水秀,有“山(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)”之(zhi)稱(cheng);俗(su)話說:“高山(shan)(shan)(shan)云霧出(chu)(chu)名(ming)茶(cha)(cha)”。歷史上位于(yu)楓朗(lang)西(xi)巖山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)“西(xi)竺寺”出(chu)(chu)產(chan)的(de)(de)烏龍茶(cha)(cha)便(bian)馳名(ming)遐邇,這就(jiu)是西(xi)巖烏龍茶(cha)(cha)最初的(de)(de)淵(yuan)源。大(da)(da)埔(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)歷史悠久,是佛教慚愧祖師(817-866)靜(jing)心(xin)修行,默誦佛經之(zhi)所,有著(zhu)濃(nong)厚(hou)的(de)(de)禪(chan)(chan)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。目前大(da)(da)埔(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)主要景點包括西(xi)竺寺、倚巖寺、萬福寺、赤蕨寺等都(dou)是禪(chan)(chan)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)載體。佛教不僅開創了(le)自身特有的(de)(de)禪(chan)(chan)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua),而且成熟了(le)本土自有的(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua),且使禪(chan)(chan)茶(cha)(cha)融(rong)為(wei)一體而成為(wei)禪(chan)(chan)茶(cha)(cha)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。因(yin)(yin)而自古便(bian)有“禪(chan)(chan)茶(cha)(cha)一味(wei)”之(zhi)說。它由(you)(you)禪(chan)(chan)而興,繼由(you)(you)禪(chan)(chan)而成熟,終因(yin)(yin)而成就(jiu)禪(chan)(chan)茶(cha)(cha)。創立中(zhong)國茶(cha)(cha)道(dao)的(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)圣陸羽在(zai)其(qi)《茶(cha)(cha)經》中(zhong)就(jiu)有不少對佛教的(de)(de)頌揚和(he)對僧(seng)人嗜茶(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)記載。在(zai)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)中(zhong),茶(cha)(cha)道(dao)與佛教之(zhi)間也找到越來越多(duo)的(de)(de)思想內涵方面的(de)(de)共(gong)通之(zhi)處。大(da)(da)埔(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)禪(chan)(chan)茶(cha)(cha)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)注重“和(he)、靜(jing)、怡、真”,既理(li)事圓融(rong)和(he)諧(xie)(xie),又雅(ya)俗(su)同享,在(zai)人生日常事務中(zhong)普遍(bian)落實(shi)(shi)和(he)操作的(de)(de)現實(shi)(shi)意義。西(xi)巖烏龍茶(cha)(cha)便(bian)是大(da)(da)埔(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)禪(chan)(chan)茶(cha)(cha)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)精品之(zhi)一。大(da)(da)埔(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)禪(chan)(chan)茶(cha)(cha)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)將正氣溶(rong)(rong)入和(he)中(zhong),將分享溶(rong)(rong)入平靜(jing)中(zhong),將雅(ya)氣溶(rong)(rong)入神怡中(zhong),將聚集人心(xin)溶(rong)(rong)入真心(xin)中(zhong),發揮凝(ning)聚人心(xin),化(hua)(hua)(hua)解(jie)矛盾、優化(hua)(hua)(hua)素(su)質、和(he)諧(xie)(xie)關系的(de)(de)潛移默化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)作用,為(wei)構建(jian)和(he)諧(xie)(xie)社會作出(chu)(chu)了(le)積(ji)極(ji)貢獻。