三林崩(beng)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)是因皮薄而脆(cui)(cui),成(cheng)熟后(hou)稍受(shou)碰擊即會崩(beng)裂,外(wai)形長圓(yuan),中部略粗,似(si)(si)橄欖形的(de)(de)馬(ma)(ma)鈴,又稱馬(ma)(ma)鈴瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)。因皮薄而脆(cui)(cui),成(cheng)熟后(hou)稍受(shou)碰擊即會崩(beng)裂,外(wai)形長圓(yuan),中部略粗,似(si)(si)橄欖形的(de)(de)馬(ma)(ma)鈴,又稱馬(ma)(ma)鈴瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)。單(dan)重2公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)左(zuo)右,大者2.5-3公(gong)(gong)斤(jin),瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)皮呈淡綠(lv)色(se),有淺色(se)花網紋(wen),皮薄而脆(cui)(cui),瓤色(se)淡黃(huang),籽(zi)血紅,肉厚汁多,甜度尤(you)高(gao)(gao),清香爽(shuang)口。崩(beng)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)植株嬌嫩,對生長環境要(yao)求較高(gao)(gao),如選(xuan)擇排灌條件好(hao)的(de)(de)田塊,施足基(ji)肥,結瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)后(hou)只宜施淡肥,不能(neng)施濃肥、化肥,抗旱要(yao)開溝灌水(shui),不能(neng)漫灌,摘瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)時(shi)宜在午后(hou),以減(jian)少(shao)破(po)裂。
三(san)林崩瓜,原產地紹(shao)興,上海最(zui)早在(zai)川(chuan)沙,莘莊、顓橋(qiao)等(deng)地栽培,繼而(er)(er)傳至(zhi)南匯喬家花園、觀音堂一帶,而(er)(er)后才流傳到三(san)林塘。
崩瓜具有(you)近百年歷史,尤其三林的(de)崩瓜更是上海本地傳統名瓜。傳說每當雷雨過后(hou),該瓜常破裂滿地,故名崩瓜或迸瓜;又因為(wei)形狀(zhuang)如馬鈴,人稱“馬鈴瓜”。也(ye)有(you)寫(xie)成“浜瓜”的(de),是否因種在(zai)河浜邊(bian)而得名,這要請教當地老農了。
崩(beng)瓜(gua)(gua)的(de)身世也是眾說(shuo)紛紜。據(ju)說(shuo)川沙麥(mai)家圈(quan)中種得更早,后(hou)(hou)才(cai)引至三林塘,種源在浙江紹興(xing)一帶(dai),可(ke)從沒(mei)聽說(shuo)過紹興(xing)歷史上有(you)(you)如此名品(pin);或說(shuo)引自遙遠(yuan)的(de)新疆(jiang),還有(you)(you)洋西瓜(gua)(gua)和本(ben)土瓜(gua)(gua)雜交(jiao)而成的(de)講法,可(ke)都找(zhao)不到確鑿的(de)史料(liao),暫時只好諸說(shuo)并存。后(hou)(hou)來崩(beng)瓜(gua)(gua)飄(piao)洋過海傳到日本(ben),改稱“嘉寶”。
大凡名貴品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)總顯得(de)(de)(de)有些“嬌氣(qi)”,命運(yun)多舛(chuan)。因為皮薄瓜(gua)(gua)脆,崩瓜(gua)(gua)在(zai)搬(ban)運(yun)過(guo)程中極易破裂,損(sun)耗率(lv)高,所以售價要比一(yi)般西瓜(gua)(gua)高許(xu)多,只(zhi)有富裕人(ren)家(jia)才享受(shou)得(de)(de)(de)起。解放后(hou)一(yi)度種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)得(de)(de)(de)很多,可后(hou)來實行計(ji)劃(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),瓜(gua)(gua)田面(mian)積(ji)越縮越小,1958年(nian)人(ren)民公社的生產計(ji)劃(hua)中竟然(ran)沒有了(le)(le)崩瓜(gua)(gua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。眼見為三林爭得(de)(de)(de)名氣(qi)的崩瓜(gua)(gua)面(mian)臨絕境,老瓜(gua)(gua)農(nong)(nong)很是(shi)心疼,千(qian)方百計(ji)覓來瓜(gua)(gua)籽,交(jiao)給生產隊繼續種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。可在(zai)當(dang)時情況(kuang)下(xia),崩瓜(gua)(gua)的收購價只(zhi)能(neng)和其他瓜(gua)(gua)差不(bu)多,這不(bu)成(cheng)了(le)(le)賠(pei)本(ben)的買賣?終于(yu),三林塘崩瓜(gua)(gua)在(zai)1976年(nian)徹底絕了(le)(le)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。1978年(nian),上(shang)海(hai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)科學院從(cong)日本(ben)引回“嘉寶(bao)”原種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)300粒,交(jiao)三林公社種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)籽站,由老瓜(gua)(gua)農(nong)(nong)試(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)0.7畝(mu)(mu),1979年(nian)試(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)2.1畝(mu)(mu),當(dang)年(nian)上(shang)市32擔,特供(gong)錦江飯店(dian)。后(hou)來產量多了(le)(le),超市也曾見過(guo)供(gong)應(ying),但似乎并(bing)不(bu)如想象中那樣(yang)甜(tian),也許(xu)是(shi)變種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的緣(yuan)故,昔日據(ju)說甜(tian)度達17度的“妙物”已成(cheng)為“廣陵散”。
三林崩瓜是因皮薄而脆,成熟后稍受碰擊即會崩裂,味道(dao)甜美,具有食(shi)用價值。