松(song)陽茶(cha)葉在中國古代茶(cha)林(lin)中獨(du)樹一(yi)幟。早(zao)在三國時期(qi),松(song)陽就開始(shi)出產(chan)茶(cha)葉,到了唐代已很興盛。唐朝大詩人戴叔倫(lun)任東(dong)陽縣令期(qi)間,曾訪松(song)陽橫山(shan)寺,老僧(seng)人奉上一(yi)碗當地產(chan)的橫山(shan)茶(cha)。
歷史
戴叔倫沉醉于(yu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)香,不(bu)(bu)覺日(ri)(ri)(ri)落西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan),不(bu)(bu)勝感慨,乃(nai)賦詩(shi)(shi)《橫山(shan)(shan)(shan)》:“偶入(ru)橫山(shan)(shan)(shan)寺(si),溪深路更(geng)(geng)(geng)幽(you)。露涵松(song)(song)(song)翠滴,風涌浪(lang)花(hua)浮。老衲供茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)碗,斜陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)送客舟。自緣(yuan)歸思促,不(bu)(bu)得(de)更(geng)(geng)(geng)遲留。”至(zhi)(zhi)宋代(dai)(dai),松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飲(yin)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)之(zhi)(zhi)風日(ri)(ri)(ri)甚(shen),茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)道(dao)盛行,僧(seng)侶、文人(ren)(ren)樂于(yu)“斗(dou)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”(即(ji)表演茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)道(dao))而不(bu)(bu)疲。松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)祖謙禪師曾居西(xi)(xi)屏山(shan)(shan)(shan)白鶴(he)殿修行,他是當(dang)時(shi)有(you)名的(de)(de)(de)“斗(dou)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”高(gao)手(shou),其(qi)與(yu)大詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)蘇(su)軾(shi)友善。一(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),與(yu)蘇(su)東(dong)坡相會(hui)敘話,并(bing)為(wei)(wei)蘇(su)東(dong)坡“斗(dou)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”。東(dong)坡先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)欽佩祖謙茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)道(dao)精深,乃(nai)贈詩(shi)(shi)《西(xi)(xi)屏山(shan)(shan)(shan)》:“道(dao)人(ren)(ren)曉出西(xi)(xi)屏山(shan)(shan)(shan),來施點(dian)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)三昧手(shou)。忽驚午盞兔毫斑,打作春甕鵝(e)兒酒。天臺乳(ru)花(hua)世不(bu)(bu)見,玉川鳳液(ye)今(jin)(jin)何有(you)?東(dong)坡有(you)意續茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)經,要(yao)使祖謙名不(bu)(bu)朽。”據說,后人(ren)(ren)在(zai)整理西(xi)(xi)屏山(shan)(shan)(shan)白鶴(he)殿地基時(shi),發(fa)現一(yi)(yi)石碑上刻(ke)有(you)蘇(su)軾(shi)的(de)(de)(de)這首詩(shi)(shi)。邑人(ren)(ren)明代(dai)(dai)貢(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)詹嘉卿(qing)在(zai)《萬壽(shou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)》一(yi)(yi)詩(shi)(shi)中云(yun):“空廚(chu)竹畔無煙火(huo),細和茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)聲(sheng)有(you)竹雞(ji)(ji)。”描寫了煮茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)聲(sheng)和雞(ji)(ji)鳴(ming)聲(sheng)相和的(de)(de)(de)悠閑田園生(sheng)(sheng)活,可(ke)見當(dang)時(shi)飲(yin)用茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)在(zai)松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)尋常百姓(xing)家已(yi)是普遍現象。清(qing)代(dai)(dai)鄉(xiang)賢周圣教(jiao)在(zai)《西(xi)(xi)屏山(shan)(shan)(shan)懷古》詩(shi)(shi)中寫到(dao):“汲水煮茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)氣味清(qing),一(yi)(yi)飲(yin)人(ren)(ren)疑有(you)仙(xian)骨”。品飲(yin)松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),能(neng)令人(ren)(ren)神(shen)清(qing)氣爽,足見松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)極佳品質。松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)文化(hua)源遠流長,用茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)民(min)(min)俗別具一(yi)(yi)格,歷代(dai)(dai)相沿成(cheng)習,形成(cheng)了獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)地域(yu)文化(hua)。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)影響(xiang)了松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)1800多(duo)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)活,也影響(xiang)了松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)1800多(duo)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)文化(hua)。時(shi)至(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)(jin)日(ri)(ri)(ri),茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)與(yu)人(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)更(geng)(geng)(geng)為(wei)(wei)緊密,人(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)日(ri)(ri)(ri)常生(sheng)(sheng)活離不(bu)(bu)開茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)。松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)對當(dang)地老百姓(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、生(sheng)(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)尤為(wei)(wei)深刻(ke)。到(dao)2010年(nian),全縣已(yi)有(you)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)面積11.02萬畝,逾8萬多(duo)農民(min)(min)從(cong)事(shi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產(chan)業(ye),產(chan)值近2億元(yuan),發(fa)展茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)業(ye)已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)農民(min)(min)增(zeng)收的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)渠(qu)道(dao)。松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)之(zhi)(zhi)所以在(zai)今(jin)(jin)日(ri)(ri)(ri)能(neng)廣為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)知,行銷全國,不(bu)(bu)僅源于(yu)現實社會(hui)對茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)的(de)(de)(de)大量需(xu)求,更(geng)(geng)(geng)源于(yu)松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)傳(chuan)統(tong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)文化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)厚積薄發(fa)。
傳說
相傳(chuan)(chuan),唐景龍年(nian)間(jian),浙西一帶遭受(shou)瘟疫(yi)(yi)之災,松(song)(song)陽百姓(xing)染疫(yi)(yi)者甚多(duo),許多(duo)百姓(xing)家庭因此人(ren)亡家破。眾多(duo)患者求治于民間(jian)郎中(zhong),郎中(zhong)們無術可施(shi)。松(song)(song)陽百姓(xing)人(ren)心惶(huang)惶(huang),只見(jian)患者日漸增多(duo),疫(yi)(yi)情日益嚴(yan)重。在武當山游(you)訪的葉(xie)法善(shan)聞知故土(tu)松(song)(song)陽遭受(shou)瘟疫(yi)(yi),立(li)(li)即趕回(hui)松(song)(song)陽卯(mao)山,召集眾多(duo)道(dao)士采(cai)制(zhi)卯(mao)山仙(xian)茶(cha),煮卯(mao)山仙(xian)泉泡茶(cha),并開觀施(shi)茶(cha)七七四十九天(tian)。當地百姓(xing)聞迅(xun)紛(fen)紛(fen)前(qian)往討(tao)取卯(mao)山仙(xian)茶(cha)水(shui),許多(duo)患者飲用數次后,漸有(you)好(hao)轉(zhuan)終至(zhi)痊愈。一度(du)肆虐蔓延的瘟疫(yi)(yi)終被降服。葉(xie)法善(shan)因此被松(song)(song)陽百姓(xing)奉為濟世救俗的“葉(xie)天(tian)師(shi)(shi)”,后來(lai)各(ge)地紛(fen)紛(fen)建立(li)(li)“天(tian)師(shi)(shi)殿(dian)”,供人(ren)們敬奉。截至(zhi)2010年(nian)松(song)(song)陽縣境(jing)內(nei)仍(reng)有(you)多(duo)處“天(tian)師(shi)(shi)殿(dian)”及其遺跡,在當地依然流傳(chuan)(chuan)著葉(xie)天(tian)師(shi)(shi)施(shi)茶(cha)消災的傳(chuan)(chuan)說。這些“天(tian)師(shi)(shi)殿(dian)”弘揚了葉(xie)法善(shan)助人(ren)救世的松(song)(song)陽茶(cha)道(dao)精神。
發展
據當今(jin)《松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)志》記載(zai),1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)在(zai)西湖國際(ji)博覽會上(shang)獲一等(deng)(deng)獎,從(cong)此(ci),松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)在(zai)國際(ji)上(shang)名聲(sheng)遠揚(yang)。抗日戰(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)時期,為避戰(zhan)(zhan)亂,浙(zhe)江省農業(ye)改(gai)(gai)進所曾遷松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang),并在(zai)松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)建立過橫(heng)山(shan)試驗茶(cha)(cha)(cha)場(chang)和橫(heng)山(shan)制茶(cha)(cha)(cha)廠,以(yi)作(zuo)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)品(pin)種、提高(gao)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)示范,提高(gao)松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)農的(de)(de)(de)栽培、采(cai)摘、制作(zuo)等(deng)(deng)技術水平(ping),推動(dong)松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)。20世紀60年(nian)(nian)(nian)代,赤壽公社紅(hong)(hong)連大(da)隊開墾(ken)出(chu)百(bai)余(yu)畝“紅(hong)(hong)連示范茶(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)”,在(zai)其帶動(dong)下(xia),幾(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間全縣(xian)規(gui)范茶(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)面積達到近萬畝。在(zai)松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)傳(chuan)統制作(zuo)工藝的(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang),松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)農業(ye)局(ju)于20世紀80年(nian)(nian)(nian)代初組(zu)織研制生(sheng)產出(chu)了(le)“松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)銀(yin)(yin)猴”新(xin)品(pin)。從(cong)2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)來,“松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)銀(yin)(yin)猴”的(de)(de)(de)知名度(du)、美譽度(du)不斷提高(gao),2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)被評為省名牌產品(pin),2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)被評為浙(zhe)江十(shi)大(da)名茶(cha)(cha)(cha)。松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)人對(dui)松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)不斷研究開發,傳(chuan)承了(le)傳(chuan)統松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)制作(zuo)工藝,弘揚(yang)了(le)松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)道精神,促進了(le)松(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)產業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)不斷發展壯大(da)。