《花(hua)(hua)田(tian)(tian)錯》是京(jing)劇(ju),故事緣于《水滸傳(chuan)》,花(hua)(hua)田(tian)(tian)本意(yi)種花(hua)(hua)的農田(tian)(tian),花(hua)(hua)田(tian)(tian)錯是發生在種花(hua)(hua)小(xiao)鎮(zhen),花(hua)(hua)田(tian)(tian)祭上的一(yi)系(xi)列陰(yin)差陽錯的故事。
花(hua)(hua)田錯在(zai)原先(xian)(xian)的(de)傳統演(yan)法中故事并(bing)不(bu)(bu)完(wan)整,只到(dao)周(zhou)通搶親(qin)為止;1912年,荀(xun)(xun)派代(dai)表人物荀(xun)(xun)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)改(gai)編(bian)(bian)創作(zuo)加(jia)上后半部并(bing)搬(ban)上京(jing)劇舞(wu)臺。荀(xun)(xun)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng):幼年學梆子時的(de)開蒙戲,一(yi)為《辛安驛》,一(yi)為《花(hua)(hua)田錯》。這兩(liang)個戲均經荀(xun)(xun)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)太老(lao)師(shi)侯俊山先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(老(lao)十三旦)親(qin)自指點。《花(hua)(hua)田錯》的(de)傳統演(yan)法自花(hua)(hua)田訪婿起至周(zhou)通搶親(qin)止,故事是不(bu)(bu)完(wan)整的(de)。荀(xun)(xun)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)改(gai)演(yan)京(jing)劇后,依據《水(shui)滸》中“小(xiao)霸王(wang)醉(zui)臥(wo)銷金(jin)帳,莽提(ti)轄大鬧桃花(hua)(hua)村”一(yi)回增益首尾,將它搬(ban)上京(jing)劇舞(wu)臺。1919年與楊(yang)小(xiao)樓、譚小(xiao)培、尚(shang)小(xiao)云三位先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)由京(jing)到(dao)滬(上海觀眾(zhong)稱為“三小(xiao)一(yi)白”,因(yin)當(dang)時荀(xun)(xun)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)仍(reng)用(yong)“白牡丹(dan)”藝名),在(zai)老(lao)天蟾舞(wu)臺演(yan)出,荀(xun)(xun)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)即(ji)以此戲打炮,自飾春蘭,演(yan)卞璣者(zhe)為李桂芳。演(yan)出后,甚(shen)受(shou)觀眾(zhong)歡迎,此后數十年屢演(yan)不(bu)(bu)衰,被稱為荀(xun)(xun)派代(dai)表作(zuo)之(zhi)一(yi)。本(ben)片根(gen)據同名京(jing)劇改(gai)編(bian)(bian),源出「水(shui)滸傳」,胡金(jin)銓編(bian)(bian)劇。值得一(yi)提(ti)的(de)是,擅演(yan)悲(bei)劇的(de)樂(le)蒂首次以俏皮方式演(yan)出丫頭一(yi)角(jiao)。故事始(shi)于才(cai)子(喬莊)落拓(tuo)花(hua)(hua)田,賣畫維生(sheng)(sheng),與官家小(xiao)姐(jie)(丁寧(ning))一(yi)見鍾(zhong)情(qing),卻因(yin)惡(e)霸(朱牧)介入而(er)波折重重,鬧出連(lian)篇笑話……。
春蘭:花旦||卞(bian)璣:小生(sheng)||劉(liu)(liu)玉燕(yan):旦||劉(liu)(liu)德明:老(lao)(lao)生(sheng)||安人(ren):老(lao)(lao)旦||李忠:老(lao)(lao)生(sheng)||周(zhou)玉樓:旦||周(zhou)通:凈(jing)||朱(zhu)仝:老(lao)(lao)生(sheng)||雷橫:凈(jing)||魯達(da):凈(jing)||店東(dong):丑(chou)
《花田(tian)錯》的最初(chu)改編本,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)卞璣先(xian)與劉玉(yu)燕訂(ding)親,周通誤(wu)將其(qi)搶至家中(zhong)(zhong)后(hou),又(you)與周妹玉(yu)樓私訂(ding)終身,而(er)丫鬟春蘭(lan)也暗有向(xiang)往之意,故戲終時出現(xian)了(le)(le)一夫多妻的場面。解放后(hou),荀(xun)慧生以為這樣結(jie)局,殊不可取,遂在演出時作了(le)(le)改動(dong)。至1959年(nian)又(you)重(zhong)新(xin)審訂(ding)加工,刪除其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)不妥(tuo)的細節(jie),并(bing)把(ba)結(jie)尾(wei)大團圓(yuan)收場,更作喜劇夸張,給(gei)春蘭(lan)增加一段(duan)輕(qing)松愉快的唱工,并(bing)配合活躍(yue)、流(liu)動(dong)的舞蹈身段(duan),從而(er)越加烘托(tuo)出喜劇的歡樂(le)氣氛。
(解放(fang)后改編版)
宋(song)時(shi),桃花(hua)(hua)村富戶劉(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming),有女(nv)玉(yu)燕,及笄未嫁(jia)。時(shi)值花(hua)(hua)田(tian)盛會(hui),劉(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)命丫鬟春(chun)蘭陪同劉(liu)(liu)玉(yu)燕前(qian)往(wang)游賞,暗中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)訪求佳婿。襄陽舉人(ren)卞(bian)璣(ji)(ji),上京趕(gan)考,途中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)因(yin)資斧(fu)拮據,乃于花(hua)(hua)田(tian)會(hui)上設攤賣畫。春(chun)蘭見(jian)卞(bian)璣(ji)(ji)才貌(mao)不凡,回(hui)家(jia)(jia)稟知(zhi)劉(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming),劉(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)因(yin)命家(jia)(jia)人(ren)往(wang)請(qing),不想誤將(jiang)小霸王周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通請(qing)來(lai)(lai)。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通限令三日(ri)之(zhi)內,須(xu)將(jiang)劉(liu)(liu)玉(yu)燕送(song)與(yu)(yu)成親(qin)(qin)。春(chun)蘭設計(ji),使卞(bian)璣(ji)(ji)男扮(ban)女(nv)裝與(yu)(yu)劉(liu)(liu)玉(yu)燕相(xiang)會(hui)。兩人(ren)正在(zai)定情之(zhi)際,周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通突來(lai)(lai)搶(qiang)(qiang)親(qin)(qin),竟誤將(jiang)卞(bian)璣(ji)(ji)搶(qiang)(qiang)去(qu)(qu)。旋周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通因(yin)劫奪生辰綱之(zhi)事涉(she)嫌,被(bei)傳至公堂;周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)妹玉(yu)樓(lou)(lou)發覺卞(bian)璣(ji)(ji)喬裝,詢明(ming)(ming)(ming)真相(xiang)以(yi)(yi)后,遂(sui)將(jiang)卞(bian)璣(ji)(ji)釋(shi)放,并贈銀(yin)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)赴考資斧(fu)。劉(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)因(yin)女(nv)被(bei)搶(qiang)(qiang),赴衙(ya)告(gao)狀,隨同都頭雷橫去(qu)(qu)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)寓,但又將(jiang)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)樓(lou)(lou)搶(qiang)(qiang)回(hui)。此時(shi),春(chun)蘭誤以(yi)(yi)搶(qiang)(qiang)回(hui)者為(wei)(wei)卞(bian)璣(ji)(ji),乃向(xiang)劉(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)說明(ming)(ming)(ming)前(qian)次被(bei)搶(qiang)(qiang)者實(shi)為(wei)(wei)卞(bian)璣(ji)(ji),竟令周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)樓(lou)(lou)改換(huan)男裝與(yu)(yu)劉(liu)(liu)玉(yu)燕成親(qin)(qin)。花(hua)(hua)燭(zhu)之(zhi)夜,周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)樓(lou)(lou)訴述事實(shi)原委(wei),春(chun)蘭恐(kong)日(ri)后周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通復(fu)來(lai)(lai)糾(jiu)纏,仍留(liu)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)樓(lou)(lou)住在(zai)莊中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)(yi)應(ying)付其(qi)兄(xiong)。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通被(bei)釋(shi)以(yi)(yi)后,果(guo)然通知(zhi)劉(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming),當晚進(jin)莊成親(qin)(qin)。劉(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)正彷徨無(wu)計(ji),適(shi)魯達前(qian)來(lai)(lai)投(tou)宿(su),聞知(zhi)大怒,假(jia)扮(ban)新娘,隱于帳內,迨晚,周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通至,被(bei)魯達痛打,逃跑(pao)。魯達追至途中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),巧(qiao)遇打虎將(jiang)李忠(zhong),從(cong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)勸解,并令周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)通回(hui)莊向(xiang)劉(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)請(qing)罪。時(shi)卞(bian)璣(ji)(ji)已中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)狀元,也至桃花(hua)(hua)村。眾人(ren)相(xiang)見(jian),真相(xiang)大白。最后,卞(bian)璣(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)劉(liu)(liu)玉(yu)燕完(wan)姻(yin),周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)樓(lou)(lou)則在(zai)春(chun)蘭撮(cuo)合下,與(yu)(yu)李忠(zhong)成為(wei)(wei)夫婦。
Ps:關于桃花村的地(di)理(li)位置(zhi):
原(yuan)始本中并未提(ti)及,而在(zai)解放后的(de)改編(bian)本中出現了地點雁門(men)關紫陽鎮桃花(hua)村(cun),不合(he)邏輯(湖北襄陽的(de)舉子去河(he)南開封考(kao)試路過山西(xi)雁門(men)關……),多半當時(shi)改編(bian)者想當然的(de)將京(jing)(jing)城當成了北京(jing)(jing);其時(shi)北京(jing)(jing)屬遼地,雁門(men)關是(shi)真正的(de)邊境。
《花田(tian)錯》的意思
1.《花田錯》是京劇(ju),故(gu)事緣(yuan)于《水滸(hu)傳》。
2.花(hua)田(tian)(tian)=種花(hua)的農(nong)田(tian)(tian),花(hua)田(tian)(tian)錯(cuo)=發(fa)生在種花(hua)小鎮,花(hua)田(tian)(tian)祭上的錯(cuo)誤故事。
花田盛會,熱鬧滾滾;古(gu)靈精怪(guai)的丫(ya)頭春蘭,陪著劉(liu)家小(xiao)姐月(yue)英上街,打算依照本地(di)習俗,讓小(xiao)姐在(zai)街上挑選乘龍快婿(xu)。月(yue)英小(xiao)姐看(kan)中了(le)在(zai)路(lu)旁賣字畫的白面書生卞機,主仆二人決議返家向母親稟明一(yi)切,眼(yan)看(kan)著一(yi)切將要如此幸(xing)福美滿(man),誰料到糊涂管家上街請婿(xu),陰錯陽差竟然錯請到了(le)小(xiao)霸王周(zhou)通……